B GIO DC & O TO

TRNG I HC DN LP HI PHNG

ISO 9001:2008

THIT K LP TRNH H THNG T NG BM

V TRN LIU S DNG PLC S7-200
N TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY
NGNH IN T NG CNG NGHIP

HI PHNG-2015

B GIO DC& O TO
TRNG I HC DN LP HI PHNG

ISO 9001:2008

THIT K LP TRNH H THNG T NG BM

V TRN LIU S DNG PLC S7-200

N TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY

NGNH IN T NG CNG NGHIP

Sinh vin: V vn Lun

Ngi hng dn: T.S Nguyn Trng Thng

HI PHNG-2015

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

C LP T DO HNH PHC
----------------o0o----------------B GIO DC& O TO
TRNG I HC DN LP HI PHNG

NHIM V TI TT NGHIP

Sinh vin : V Vn Lun m SV: 1112102009

Lp : C1501- Ngnh in T ng Cng Nghip.
Tn ti: Thit k, lp trnh h thng t ng bm v trn liu s
dng PLC S7-200

NHIM V TI
1. Ni

dung v cc yu cu cn gii quyt trong nhim v ti tt nghip(v

l lun, thc tin, cc s liu cn tnh ton v cc bn v).
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2. Cc s liu cn thit thit k, tnh ton.
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3. a im thc tp tt nghip:..........................................................................
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CC CN B HNG DN TI TT NGHIP

Ngi hng dn th 1.
H v tn

Nguyn Trng Thng

Hc hm, hc v

Tin s

C quan cng tc

Trng i hc dn lp Hi Phng

Ni dung hng dn :

Ton b n

Ngi hng dn th 2.
H v tn

Hc hm, hc v

C quan cng tc

Ni dung hng dn :
ti tt nghip c giao ngy......thng.....nm 2015.
Yu cu phi hon thnh xong trc ngythngnm 2015.
nhn nhim v T.T.N.

giao nhim v .T.T.N

Sinh vin

Cn b hng dn T.T.N

V Vn Lun

T.S Nguyn Trng Thng

Hi Phng, ngy......thng.......nm 2015

HIU TRNG

GS.TS.NGT TRN HU NGH

PHN NHN XT TM TT CA CN B HNG DN

1. Tinh thn, thi ca sinh vin trong qu trnh lm ti tt nghip.
..........................................................................................................................
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2. nh gi cht lng ca .T.T.N( so vi ni dung yu cu ra trong
nhim v .T.T.N, trn cc mt l lun thc tin, tnh ton gi tr s dng,
cht lng cc bn v...)
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3. Cho im ca cn b hng dn
(im ghi bng s v ch)
Ngy..thngnm 2015
Cn b hng dn chnh
(K v ghi r h tn)

NHN XT NH GI CA NGI CHM PHN BIN

TI TT NGHIP
1. nh gi cht lng ti tt nghip v cc mt thu thp v phn tch s
liu ban u, c s l lun chn phng n ti u, cch tnh ton cht lng
thuyt minh v bn v, gi tr l lun v thc tin ti.
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2. Cho im ca cn b chm phn bin
( im ghi bng s v ch)

Ngythng.nm 2015
Ngi chm phn bin
(K v ghi r h tn)

LI M U
Hin nay, t nc ta bc vo thi k cng nghip ho, hin i ha,
qu trnh ny pht trin nhanh chng ta cn tp trung u t vo cc dy
chuyn sn xut t ng ha, nhm mc ch gim chi ph sn xut, nng cao
nng sut lao ng v cho ra sn phm c cht lng cao. Mt trong nhng
phng n u t vo t ng ho l vic ng dng PLC vo cc dy chuyn
sn xut. i vi nhng tnh nng tin ch ca h thng PLC nn hin nay b
iu khin ny ang c s dung rt nhiu trong cc lnh vc khc nhau.
iu khin h thng trn sn ta c nhiu cch khc nhau nh dng rle
thi gian, dng vi iu khin...vv. Vi nhng u im vt tri nh: gi
thnh h, d thi cng lp t, d sa cha, cht lng lm vic n nh linh
hot , nn hin nay PLC (Program Logic Control thit b iu khin lp
trnh c) c s dng rt rng ri iu khin h thng trn sn.
Xut pht t tnh hnh thc t trn v ham mun hiu bit v PLC, em xin
chn ti lm tt nghip: Thit k h thng iu khin trn sn bng
PLC .
ti gm ba phn chnh vi ni dung c bn nh sau:
Chng 1. Tm hiu v h thng trn sn.
Chng 2. Tng quan v PLC S7 200.
Chng 3. Thit k, xy dng h thng iu khin trn sn bng
PLC S7 200.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy Nguyn Trng Thng cng cc thy c
trong b mn gip em hon thnh ti tt nghip ny. Do cn nhiu hn
ch v kin thc nn bn n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt
mong nhn c s gp ca cc thy c em c th hon thin kin thc
ca mnh.

CHNG 1.

TM HIU V H THNG TRN SN

1.1. LCH S PHT TRIN.
1.1.1. Lch s pht trin ngnh sn th gii.
Sn (hoc c th gi l cht ph b mt) c dng trang tr m
thut hoc bo v cc b mt vt liu cn sn. Sn c loi ngi c xa
ch bin t cc vt liu thin nhin sn c to cc bc tranh trn nn
nhiu hang ng nhm ghi li hnh nh sinh hot cuc sng thng ngy m
ngnh kho c hc th gii xc nh c nin i cch y khong 25.000
nm. Ai Cp bit ch to sn m thut t nm 3000 600 trc cng
nguyn Hy Lp v La M ch to sn du bo va c tc dng trang tr
va c tnh cht bo v cc b mt cn sn trong thi k nm 600 trc cng
nguyn n nm 400 sau cng nguyn v mi n th k 13 sau cng nguyn
cc nc khc ca Chu u mi bit n cng ngh sn ny v n cui th
k 18 mi bt u c cc nh sn xut sn chuyn nghip do yu cu v sn
tng mnh.
Cuc cch mng k thut ca th gii tc ng thc y pht trin ngnh
cng nghip sn t th k 18 nhng cht lng sn bo v v trang tr vn
cha cao v nguyn liu ch to sn i t cc loi du nha thin nhin v cc
loi bt mu v c c cht lng thp.
Ngnh cng nghip sn ch c th pht trin nhy vt khi xut hin trn th
trng cc loi nha tng hp to mng sn cng vi cc loi bt mu hu c
cht lng cao v nht l s xut hin ca sn phm bt mu trng ioxit titan
(TiO2) l loi bt mu ch o, phn nh s pht trin ca cng nghip sn

mu. Cc mc pht trin cng nghip sn (c khi u t th k 20 n

cui th k 20) c th c phn nh nh sau:
-

Nm 1923: nha Nitrocellulose, alkyd

Nm 1924: Bt mu TiO2

Nm 1928: Nha Phenol tan trong du bo

Nm 1930: Nha Amino Urea Formaldehyde

Nm 1933: Nha Vinyl Clorua ng trng hp

Nm 1934: Nha nh tng trong gc du

Nm 1936: Nha Acrylic nhit rn

Nm 1937: Nha Polyurethan

Nm 1939: Nha Amino melamin Formaldehyde

Nm 1944: Sn gc Silicone

Nm 1947: Nha Epoxy

Nm 1950: Nha PVA v Acrylic laquer

Nm 1955: Sn bt tnh in

Nm 1958: Sn xe hi gc Acrylic laquer sn nh gc nha

latex
-

Nm 1960: Sn cng nghip gc nc

Nm 1962: Sn in di kiu Anode

Nm 1963: Sn ng rn bng tia EB v UV

Nm 1971: Sn in di kiu catode

Trong tng lai, thch thc ca ngnh cng nghip sn ton cu phi
gii quyt bi ton quen thuc l tm c gii php cn bng gia mt bn l
sc p v chi ph ca nng lng, nguyn liu v p ng quy nh lut an
ton mi trng ca chnh ph vi mt bn l yu cu ca th trng l cht
sn phi hon ho vi gi c tt nht. Cc thch thc ny s to ra nhiu c
hi cho ngnh sn cng nghip th gii nghin cu v trin khai cc gii php

10

cng ngh mi, nguyn liu mi v sn phm mi chc chn cng l tc

ng tch cc i vi s pht trin hn na ca ngnh cng nghip ny.
1.1.2 Lch s pht trin ngnh sn Vit Nam.
Vit Nam, cha ng ta t gn 400 nm trc bit dng sn ta t
cy sn mc t nhin ch bin thnh sn trang tr v bo v cho cht lng g
ca cc pho tng th, cc tm honh phi cu i sn son thip vng, lp
sn bo v ny cht lng hu nh khng thay i sau hng trm nm s
dng, sn ta n nay vn c coi l nguyn liu cht lng cao dng cho
ngnh tranh sn mi c a chung c trong v ngoi nc hoc mt s loi
du bo nh: du chu v du lai hoc nha thng t cy thng ba l mc t
nhin ti Vit Nam, t lu c ngi dn ch bin thnh du bng (clear
varnish) gi nm na l quang du dng trang tr v bo v cho nn l
hoc g, ni ngoi tht.
Tuy nhin, vic s dng sn ni trn ch mang tnh cht t pht t nhu
cu i sng thng ngy, n nm 1913 - 1914 Vit Nam mi xut hin
mt xng sn du Hi Phng do ngi Php m mang nhn hiu
TESTUDO , tip sau vi nm hng sn Vit Nam u tin Cng ty sn
Nguyn Sn H c thnh lp v tip theo c cc hng sn H Ni l
Thng Long, Gecko. Trong cn ch l loi sn RESISTANCO ca hng
sn Nguyn Sn H rt c ngi tiu dng trong v ngoi nc a chung,
y c th ni l hng sn u tin ln nht ti Vit Nam lc y v cn li
giu n lch s ti ngy nay l Cng ty c phn sn Hi Phng pht trin t
mnh t mang tn X nghip sn Ph H (hu du sau ny ca ng Nguyn
Sn H). V vy c th ni rng: ng Nguyn Sn H chnh l ng t ngnh
sn Vit Nam.
Ngnh sn Vit Nam sau khi t c s pht trin n nh t khi
thnh lp, giai on t nm 2000 n nm 2007 l qu trnh pht trin vi tc

11

 cao cng vi s tng trng khng ngng ca nn kinh t Vit Nam vi

cc c im pht trin nh sau:
Pht trin mnh v sn lng v chng loi sn: Sn trang tr chim t
trng ln, tng trng trung bnh 25%/nm, sn tu bin, bo v, sn cng
nghip ngy cng pht trin theo yu cu th trng (xem bng s liu cc
nm 1995 n 2007 v pht trin th trng sn Vit Nam do Hip hi sn v
mc in Vit Nam VPIA cng b).
n nm 2007 c mt ti Vit Nam hu ht cc hng sn ln ca th
gii di hnh thc u t 100% vn nc ngoi hoc gia cng hp tc sn
xut vi cc cng ty Sn Vit Nam. Bn cnh , nhiu cng ty Sn Vit
Nam (dng c phn hoc t nhn 100% vn Vit Nam cng mnh dn m
rng hoc xy mi nh my, u t thit b cng ngh mi, nng cao cht
lng sn phm sn cnh tranh th trng theo yu cu ngi tiu th. C th
ni s pht trin vi tc cao v sn lng cng ngh mi v nng cao cht
lng sn phm to ra bc tranh ngon mc ca pht trin ngnh sn Vit
Nam trong giai on ny. S phn chia th trng cc loi sn ti Vit Nam
n nm 2007 t mc qun bnh kiu tm lng na cn gia cc thng
hiu ln khng phn bit nc ngoi hay ni a c th k ra nh sau:
V sn trang tr: 4 ORANGES - AKZO (ICI) DECORATIVE
NIPPON KOVA TISON BCH TUYT SN TNG HP
V sn tu bin v bo v: INTERPAINTS SN HI PHNG
SN JOTUN SN NG SN HI U
V sn g: AKZO INDUSTRY COATINGS I HNG
VALSPA SHERWIN WILLIAMS I KIU HA KEO BNH THNH
XUN AN DUY HONG
V sn bt: AKZO CHANG CHENG JOTUN- I PH TN
NAM PHT NG SN TNG HP H NI

12

V sn coil (tm lp): NG AKZO INDUSTRY COATINGS

PPG COATINGS BECKER KCC YUNGCHI
V cc loi sn khc (v d: Sn t OEM, sn sn, sn k ng, sn
can, sn plastic) cc thng hiu: Sn tng hp H Ni, Nippon, PPG,
KOVA, Sn Hi Phng
Dng sn phm vi cng ngh mi nht ca th gii v khu vc l sn
trang tr gc nc s dng bt dioxit titan (TiO2) nano cht lng cao c
nhiu hng sn ti Vit Nam sn xut bn th trng hoc cc loi sn cng
nghip gc nc t Epoxy, Polyurethan cht lng cao cng c sn xut
bn ra th trng theo xu hng sn phm thn thin mi trng. Tuy nhin,
s lng yu cu s dng cha nhiu do gi sn phm cn cao.
S lng nh sn xut sn bt u tng trng mnh: nm 2002 c 60
doanh nghip nm 2004: 120 doanh nghip nm 2006: 168 doanh nghip
nm 2008: 187 doanh nghip nm 2009 (theo s thng k cp nht cha
c kim tra): khong 250 doanh nghip.
Nhn xt chung v th phn v phn chia th phn sn Vit Nam thy
rng:
+ Cho n nm 2008 cc doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi
(khong hn 30 doang nghip) vn chim 60% th phn, 40% cn li l phn
cc doanh nghip Vit Nam.
+ Sn trang tr chim t trng ln v th tch (64 66%) tng sn lng
nhng li c gi tr thp, ng vi (41 45%) v tr gi.
Vi c im pht trin tc cao trong giai on ny c mc tng
trng trung bnh 15 20% nm, s lng Doanh nghip sn xut sn ngy
cng gia tng Vit Nam tr thnh im nng thu ht u t ca cc nc
trong khu vc v quc t vo ngnh cng nghip sn. Hip hi ngnh ngh

13

sn - mc in Vit Nam (tn giao dch VPIA) c thnh lp 25/4/2008 t t

chc tin thn l phn hi sn - mc in thuc Hi ha hc Tp.H Ch Minh.
Ngay nm u tin thnh lp, tnh n 21/4/2009 VPIA quy t 112 Hi
vin Doanh nghip c lin quan n ngnh ngh (trong s 71 Hi vin l
doanh nghip sn xut c: 54 doanh nghip sn xut sn, 10 doanh nghip sn
xut mc in, 7 doanh nghip sn xut nguyn liu v thit b sn xut sn)
VPIA l thnh vin chnh thc ca t chc APIC (Hi ng quc t sn Chu
) gm 17 Hip hi sn cc nc trong khu vc. Hin nay, trong bi cnh
khng hong kinh t ton cu VPIA ang bc u hi nhp vo con ng
hot ng chuyn nghip, vi nhn nh ca cc chuyn gia kinh t c uy tn
ca th gii, nn kinh t Vit Nam s sm phc hi v c th g mc tng
trng trn 3% nm 2009, ring ngnh cng nghip sn vn t mc tng
trng mnh v sn bo v v tu bin, sn trang trVPIA hy vng s hot
ng c hiu qu trong qu trnh bo v li ch ca Hi vin v a ngnh
sn mc in Vit Nam hi nhp tt vo cc nc khu vc v quc t.
1.2. CU TO H THNG TRN SN T NG.
1.2.1. Bn cha sn.
- Hnh tr trn.
- Ba bn cha sn c bn : xanh - - vng, dung tch cc bn 1 m3.
- Bn cha chnh trn sn, dung tch 50 lt.
1.2.2. ng c bm.
- S dng my bm sn APP-2504.
- Lu lng: 6 lt/pht.
- p sut m t kh: 20 ~ 100psi.
- ng knh mt kh : 85 mm.
- Phm vi nhit : 4,4 ~ 70oC.
- Trng lng: 20kg.

14

- Xut x : i Loan.

Hnh 1.1: My bm sn APP-2504.

1.2.3. ng c trn.
- ng c xoay chiu khng ng b 1 pha.
- Tn s: 50Hz
- Cng sut: 90W

Hnh 1.2: ng c trn.

15

1.2.4. Cm bin mc.

- Loi cm bin bo mc kiu in dung SA SERIES.
- Nguyn l hot ng: Cm bin o mc kiu in dung hot ng da
vo nguyn l Cm ng in dng, khi cm bin mc ny c t
trn mt bn cha, n s hnh thnh mt trng thi t in gia cc in
cc v thnh bn cha. in dung ca t in ny thay i t l thun
vi s thay i mc trong bn cha. Qua nhiu mch chia thanh, cng
hng tn hiu u ra s c chuyn thnh dng tip im, dng
4~20mA, in p ty thuc vo nhu cu s dng.
- Tnh nng:
Khng cha cc b phn dch chuyn, cm bin s khng b nh
hng bi ma st, do ph hp vi o mc cho c cht lng v
cht rn.
a dng Model, ph hp vi nhiu ng dng khc nhau
Nhit lm vic: -20 ~ 200C, Max. 800C.
nhy: 10pf, 20pf v 40pf, c th iu chnh c.
Thit k thm tnh nng iu chnh tr, cho php khong iu
chnh t 0 ~ 6 giy.
in p lm vic: 110V/220VAC hoc 24VDC.
Ty chn u ra: NPN transistor, 5A/250VAC and 5A/240VAC
SPDT contact.
Kiu kt ni: kiu ren 1" NPT, hoc theo yu cu ca khch
hng.
Cp bo v: IP65 hoc phng n explosion-proof.

16

Hnh 1.3: Cm bin mc SA SERIES.

1.2.5. Cm bin hng ngoi.
- Cm bin hng ngoi SN-E18-B03N1 pht hin c thng ng sn.
- Tnh nng:
SN-E18-B03N1 cha cm bin tia hng ngoi s dng s
phn chiu tn hiu hng ngoi, tn hiu hng ngoi ny l s
phn hi ca tia hng ngoi vi nhng vt th gn hay xa.
Cng nh sng hng ngoi gia tn hiu thu v pht c th
iu chnh c ph hp vi tng ng dng. Tn hiu pht tia
hng ngoi gp vt th cn s phn chiu li u thu, u thu
hng ngoi nh l 1 transistor NPN khi c tia hng ngoi phn
v th s m transistor.
Ngun cp t 6V-36V, dng tiu th t < 300mA.
Khong cch pht hin vt ln ti 30cm, c th iu chnh c.
Kch thc nh gn d dng lp t.
chnh xc cao, khng thm nc, chng n mn.

17

Hnh 1.4: Cm bin hng ngoi SN-E18-B03N1.

1.2.6. Van ng m.
- H thng van ng m bng tay ti cc ng ng.
- S dng van in t 2W 160-15 NC ly sn t bn chnh.
in p iu khin 380VAC/220VAC/110VAC/24VAC.
Vt liu lm thn van l ng thau.
Nhit mi trng lm vic: -5 ~ 80oC.
p sut chu c ti a 1Mpa.
Kiu hot ng : Tc ng trc tip, NC (thng ng).

Hnh 1.5: Van in t 2W 160-15 NC.

18

1.2.7. R le.
- Dng rle trung gian Omron LY2N DC24 ng, ngt ng c bm,
trn.
S cc: 2 cc.
in p cun dy: 24VDC.
Thi gian ng, ngt: 25ms.
Tn s hot ng: 1800 ln/gi.
Tui th ng, ngt trung bnh: 500 nghn ln.
Nhit mi trng lm vic: -25oC ~ 70oC.
in tr cch in: 100M .

Hnh 1.6: R le trung gian Omron LY2N DC24.

1.2.8. n bo trng thi.
- S dng n mu xanh dng bo ang trong qu trnh trn.
- S dng n mu bo dng qu trnh trn.
- S dng n mu xanh l cy bo y sn mi bn cha.
- S dng n mu vng bo ht sn mi bn cha.

Hnh 1.7: n bo trng thi.

19

CHNG 2.

TNG QUAN V PLC S7 - 200.

2.1. GII THIU CHUNG.
Trong cng nghip sn xut, iu khin mt dy chuyn, mt thit b
my mc cng nghip , ngi ta thc hin kt ni cc linh kin ri (rle,
timer, contactor ) li vi nhau ty theo mc yu cu thnh mt h thng
in iu khin. Cng vic ny kh phc tp trong thi cng, sa cha bo tr
do gi thnh cao. Kh khn nht l khi cn thay i mt hot ng no . T
thc t vic tm ra mt h thng iu khin p ng c cc yu cu nh:
gi thnh h, d thi cng, sa cha, cht lng lm vic n nh, lnh hot
trong qua trnh iu khin, l iu tt yu. H thng iu khin logic c th
lp trnh c PLC ra i gii quyt c cc vn trn.
PLC vit tt ca Programmable Logic Controller, l thit b iu khin lp
trnh c (kh trnh) cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin
logic thng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh. Ngi s dng c th lp trnh
thc hin mt lot trnh t cc s kin. Cc s kin ny c kch hot bi tc
nhn kch thch (ng vo) tc ng vo PLC hoc qua cc hot ng c tr
nh thi gian nh th hay cc s kin c m. PLC dng thay th
cc mch relay (r le) trong thc t. PLC hot ng theo phng thc qut
cc trng thi trn u ra v u vo. Khi c s thay i u vo th u ra
s thay i theo. Ngn ng lp trnh ca PLC c th l Ladder hay State
Logic. Hin nay c nhiu hng sn xut ra PLC nh Siemens, Omron,
Mitsubishi Electric, Allen-Bradley, Honeywell
Thit b iu khin lp trnh u tin c nhng nh thit k cho ra i
nm 1968 (cng ty General Moto M). Tuy nhin, h thng ny cn kh
n gin v cng knh, ngi s dng gp rt nhiu kh khn trong vic vn

20

hnh h thng. V vy cc nh thit k tng bc ci tin gip h thng

n gin, gn nh, d vn hnh, nhng vic lp trnh cho h thng cn kh
khn do lc ny khng c cc thit b lp trnh ngoi vi h tr cho cng vic
lp trnh.
n gin ha vic lp trnh, h thng iu khin lp trnh cm tay
(programable controller handle) u tin c ra i vo nm 1969. Trong
giai on ny cc h thng iu khin lp trnh (PLC) ch n gin nhm thay
th h thng Relay v dy ni trong h thng iu khin c in. Qua qu
trnh vn hnh, cc nh thit k tng bc to ra c mt tiu chun mi
cho h thng, tiu chun l: dng lp trnh gin hnh thang. Trong
nhng nm u thp nin 1970, nhng h thng PLC cn c thm kh nng
vn hnh vi nhng thut ton h tr, vn hnh vi cc d liu cp nht. Do
s pht trin ca loi mn hnh dng cho my tnh, nn vic giao tip gia
ngi iu khin lp trnh v thit b iu khin cng tr nn d dng hn.
Ngoi ra cc nh thit k cn to ra k thut kt ni vi cc PLC ring l
thnh mt h thng PLC chung, tng kh nng iu khin ca tng PLC ring
l. Tc x l tt vi nhng chc nng phc tp, s lng cng vo/ra ln.
Mt PLC c y cc chc nng nh: b m, b nh thi, cc thanh ghi
v tp lnh cho php thc hin cc yu cu iu khin khc nhau. Hot ng
ca PLC hon ton ph thuc vo trng trnh nm trong b nh, n lun cp
nht tn hiu ng vo, x l tn hiu iu khin ng ra.
Ngi ta ch to ra b PLC nhm tha mn cc yu cu sau:
- Lp trnh d dng, ngn ng lp trnh d hc.
- Kch thc nh gn, d dng bo qun, sa cha.
- Dung lng b nh ln c th cha c nhng chng trnh
phc tp.
- Hon ton tin cy trong mi trng cng nghip.

21

- C th kt ni c vi nhau v vi cc thit b khc nh: my tnh,

ni mng, cc modul m rng.
- Gi c c th cnh tranh c.
- D dng thay i chng trnh iu khin bng my lp trnh cm
tay hoc my tnh c nhn.
PLC cho php ngi iu khin khng mt nhiu thi gian ni dy phc
tp khi cn thay i chng trnh iu khin, ch cn lp chng trnh mi
thay cho chng trnh c. Vic s dng PLC vo cc h thng iu khin
ngy cng thng dng, p ng yu cu ngy cng a dng ny, cc nh
sn xut a ra hng lot cc dng PLC vi nhiu mc thc hin
p ng cc yu cu khc nhau ca ngi s dng. nh gi mt b PLC
ngi ta da vo 2 tiu chun chnh: dung lng b nh v s tip im
vo/ra ca n. Ngoi ra cn c cc chc nng khc nh: b vi x l, chu k
xung clock, ngn ng lp trnh, kh nng m rng s ng vo/ra.
Nhng u im khi s dng b iu khin PLC:
- Khng cn u dy cho s iu khin logic nh kiu dng rle.
- C mm do s dng rt cao, khi ch cn thay i chng trnh
iu khin.
- Chim v tr khng gian nh trong h thng.
- C nhiu chc nng iu khin khc nhau.
- Tc x l cao, cng sut tiu th nh.
- Khng cn quan tm nhiu v vn lp t.
- C kh nng m rng s lng u vo/ra khi ni thm cc khi
vo/ra chc nng.
- Gi thnh c th p ng c yu cu ca ngi s dng.

22

Nh nhng u th trn, PLC hin nay c s dng rt rng ri trong cc

ngnh cng nghip, my nng nghip, thit b y t vv. S dng trong cc h
thng iu khin t ng, cho php nng cao nng sut sn xut, cht lng
sn phm, gim tiu hao nng lng, nng cao an ton tin cy trong qu
trnh vn hnh.
B iu khin lp trnh S7-200 ca Siemens thch hp cho cc ng dng
iu khin t n gin n phc tp. C tch hp thi gian thc. C th m
rng vo/ra s, vo/ ra tng t. D dng kt ni ti cc thit b giao din nh
PC, HMI, S lng modul a dng to nn cc cu hnh phong ph ph hp
vi nhiu ng dng.
CPU S7-200 ca SIEMENS thuc dng Micro Programmable Logic
Controler, vi nhng c im sau:
- Kch thc nh - gi thnh nh - sc mnh ln.
- p ng c nhng ng dng iu khin t ng t cho cc
my n l n cc dy chuyn sn xut.
- C th hot ng c lp hay kt ni mng trong mt h thng
ln.
- D dng kt ni ti cc thit b giao din nh PC, HMI.
- S lng modul a dng to nn cc cu hnh phong ph ph hp
vi nhiu ng dng.
Cc tnh nng ca PLC S7-200:
- H thng iu khin kiu Module nh gn cho cc ng dng
trong phm vi hp.
- C nhiu loi CPU.
- C nhiu Module m rng.
- C th m rng n 7 Module.
- Bus ni tch hp trong Module mt sau.
- C th ni mng vi cng giao tip RS 485 hay Profibus.

23

- My tnh trung tm c th truy cp n cc Module.

- Khng quy nh rnh cm
- Phn mm iu khin ring.
- Tch hp CPU, I/O, ngun cung cp vo mt Module.
- Micro PLC vi nhiu chc nng tch hp.
2.2. CU HNH PHN CNG.
PLC Step 7 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC
hn hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt
n v c bn sau c th ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi,
C cc module m rng tiu chun, nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng
n v chc nng m c th t hp li cho ph hp vi tng nhim v c th.

Hnh 2.1: PLC S7-200 CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay

24

2.2.1. Cu trc n v c bn.

n v c bn ca PLC S7-200 (CPU 214)

Hnh 2.2: Hnh khi mt trc ca PLC S7-200 (CPU 214).

Trong :
1. Chn cm cng ra
2. Chn cm cng vo.
3. Cc n trng thi:
SF (n ): bo hiu h thng b hng.
RUN (n xanh): ch nh rng PLC ang ch lm
vic.
STOP (n vng): ch nh PLC ang ch dng.
4. n xanh cng vo ch nh trng thi tc thi cng vo.
5. Cng truyn thng.
6. n xanh cng ra ch nh trng thi tc thi cng ra.
7. Cng tc.
Cng tc chn ch lm vic c 3 v tr:

25

RUN: cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh.
PLC s t chuyn v trng thi STOP khi my c s c
hoc trong chng trnh c lnh STOP, do khi chy nn
quan st trng thi thc ca PLC theo n bo.
STOP: cng bc PLC dng cng vic ang thc hin,
chuyn v trng thi ngh. ch ny PLC cho php
hiu chnh li chng trnh hoc np mt chng trnh
mi.
TERM: cho php PLC t quyt nh mt ch lm vic
(do ngi lp trnh t quyt nh).
Chnh nh tng t: nm iu chnh tng t t di lp y cnh cng
ra, nm iu chnh tng t cho php iu chnh tn hiu tng t, gc quay
c 2700.
Pin v ngun nui b nh: ngun pin c t ng chuyn sang trng thi
tch cc khi dung lng nh b cn kit v n thay th d liu khng b
mt.
Cng truyn thng: S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS 485 vi
phch cm 9 chn phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi
cc PLC khc. Tc chuyn d liu cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600
boud. Cc chn ca cng truyn thng l:
1, 5. Ni t.
1. in p 24v DC
3, 8. Truyn nhn d liu.
4, 9. Khng s dng.
6.

Hnh

2.3:

Cng

truyn

in p 5v DC (in tr trong thng trn PLC S7-200.

26

100).
7. in p 24v DC (120mA).
2.2.2. Cc Module ca PLC.
Module ngun (PS).
C chc nng chuyn t ngun xoay chiu thnh ngun mt chiu cung
cp cho CPU, cc module m rng v cc thit b cm bin. in p xoay
chiu (AC 220v hoc 110v), in p mt chiu (DC 24v hoc 12v).
Module CPU.
C chc nng lu tr h iu hnh, lu tr chng trnh ng dng, l ni
din ra qu trnh tnh ton x l thng tin theo thut ton iu khin c
ci t bi ngi lp trnh. Ngun nui chnh ca CPU l in p mt chiu,
ngoi ra cn c ngun pin. Trong module CPU cn c th nh dng lu tr
chng trnh ng dng phng trng hp chng trnh ng dng trong
CPU b mt hoc b li, th nh c th c nhiu dung lng khc nhau.
Cu trc ca CPU:
1. Khi trung tm: l ni lu tr h
iu hnh, ni din ra qu trnh tnh
ton x l thng tin
2. Ni lu tr chng trnh ng
dng.
3. Khi cc b thi gian.
4. Cc b m.
5. Cc bt, c bo trng thi.
6. B m vo ra (ginh cho cc
module s).

Hnh 2.4: S khi cu trc CPU

7. Khi qun l cc vo ra trn CPU. PLC S7-200.

27

8. Qun l ngt v m tc cao

9.

Qun l ghp ni.

10.

BUS ni b.

Cc module m rng.
Khi qu trnh t ng ha i hi s lng u vo v u ra nhiu hn s
lng sn c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c
th m rng n v c bn bng cch g thm cc module ngoi. Ti a c th
g thm by module vo ra qua by v tr sn c trn Panen v pha phi. a
ch ca cc v tr ca module c xc nh bng kiu vo ra v v tr module
trong rnh, bao gm c cc module cng kiu. V d mt module cng ra
khng th gn a ch module cng vo, cng nh module tng t khng th
gn a ch nh module s v ngc li.
Module tn hiu (SM).
- Tn hiu vo s (DI): c chc nng tip nhn tn hiu vo t
cc cm bin, ngi vn hnhvv. Dng tn hiu vo l tn
hiu logic (0 logic: khng c tn hiu vo; 1 logic: c tn
hiu vo). Tn hiu vo c th l in p hoc dng in
nhng ch yu s dng in p (in p xoay chiu AC
110/220v hoc in p mt chiu DC 24v).
- Tn hiu ra s (DO): c chc nng to tn hiu ra gi n
c cu iu khin v chp hnh. Dng tn hiu ra l tn hiu
logic (0 v 1 logic). Tn hiu ra c th l in p hoc
dng in nhng ch yu s dng in p (in p xoay
chiu AC 110/220v hoc in p mt chiu DC 24/12v).
- Tn hiu vo tng t (AI): tip nhn tn hiu vo tng t
(lin tc) t cc cm bin hoc t ngi vn hnh. Tn hiu
vo c th l tn hiu in p hay dng in mt chiu. Mc

28

tn hiu nh sau: i vi in p t 0 5v, 0 10v, 0

1000mv, -5v +5v; i vi dng in t 0 20mA, 4
20mA. Thng thng tn hiu vo l tn hiu vo l tn hiu
dng in v c th truyn i xa cn in p th b st p khi
truyn i xa.
- Tn hiu ra tng t (AO): c chc nng xut ra cc tn hiu
tng t gi ti c cu chp hnh. Tn hiu ra c th l
in p hoc dng in mt chiu.
Cc module s hay ri rc u chim ch trong b m, tng ng vi s
u vo ra ca module. Cch gn a ch c thc hin nh v d sau:

Module 0
CPU214

(4 vo, 4
ra)

Module 2

Module 4

Module 1

analog

Module 3 analog

(8 vo)

(3 vo, 1 (8 ra)

(3

ra)

ra)

vo,1

I0.0 Q0.0

I2.0

I3.0

AIW0

Q3.0

AIW8

I0.1 Q0.1

I2.1

I3.1

AIW2

Q3.1

AIW10

I0.2 Q0.2

I2.2

I3.2

AIW3

Q3.2

AIW12

I0.3 Q0.3

I2.3

I3.3

AIW4

Q3.3

I0.4 Q0.4

I3.4

Q3.4

I0.5 Q0.5

Q2.0

I3.5

AQW0

I0.6 Q0.6

Q2.1

I3.6

Q3.6

I0.7 Q0.7

Q2.2

I3.7

Q3.7

I1.0 Q1.0

Q2.3

I1.1 Q1.1
I1.1

29

Q3.5

AQW4

I1.2
I1.4
I1.5

a ch cc module m rng.
Module truyn thng (IM): c chc nng kt ni truyn thng gia
cc trm PLC vi nhau hoc gia PLC vi cc kiu mng (LAN,
WAN, ) hoc gia cc thanh day ca mt trm PLC hoc gia
PLC vi cc trm phn tn.
Module chc nng: cc module m nhn nhng chc nng ring
bit v d nh iu khin m, iu khin nhit , iu khin ng
c bc, iu khin PID, m tc cao, vv. s dng cc
module chc nng phi c phn mm ginh cho n.
2.2.3. Thng s.
Vi CPU 212:
- 8 cng vo v 6 cng ra logic. C th m rng thm 2 module
bao gm c module analog.
- Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l 64 vo/64 ra.
- 512 t n (1 Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu
chng trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM).
- 512 t n lu d liu, trong c 100 t nh c/ghi thuc
min khng i.
- 64 b thi gian tr (times) trong : 2 b 1ms, 8 b 10ms v 54
b 100ms.

30

- 64 b m chia lm 2 loi: ch m tin v va m tin va

m li.
- 368 bt nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm
vic.
- Cc ch ngt v s l ngt bao gm: ngt truyn thng,ngt
theo sn ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt tc cao v
ngt truyn xung.
- Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian
50h khi PLC b mt ngun cung cp.
Vi CPU 214:
- C 14 cng vo v 10 cng ra logic. C th m rng thm 7
module bao gm c module analog.
- Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l 64 vo/64 ra.
- 2048 t n (4 Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu
chng trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM).
- 2048 t n (4 Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi ghi d liu,
trong c 512 t u thuc min khng i.
- 128 b thi gian (times) chia lm 3 loi theo phn gii khc
nhau: 4 b 1ms, 16 b 10ms v 108 b 100ms.
- 128 b m chia lm 2 loi: ch m tin v va m tin va
m li.
- 688 bt nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm
vic.

31

- Cc ch ngt v s l ngt bao gm: ngt truyn thng,ngt

theo sn ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc
cao v ngt truyn xung.
- 3 b m tc cao vi nhp 2KHz v 7KHz
- 2 b pht xung nhanh cho dy xung kiu PTO hoc kiu PWM.
- 2 b iu chnh tng t
- Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian
190h khi PLC b mt ngun cung cp.
2.3. CU TRC B NH.
B nh ca PLC S7-200 c chia thnh 4 vng: vng chng trnh, vng
tham s, vng d liu v vng i tng.
2.3.1. Vng chng trnh.
L vng nh dng lu gi cc lnh chng trnh, vng ny thuc kiu
khng i (non-volatile) c/ghi c.
2.3.2. Vng tham s.
Vng tham s lu gi cc tham s nh: t kha, a ch trm, vng ny
thuc vng khng i c/ghi c.
2.3.3. Vng d liu.
L vng ct gi cc d liu ca chng trnh bao gm kt qu cc php
tnh, cc hm s ca chng trnh, c th c/ghi c. Vng ny c th truy
cp c theo bit, byte. Vng d liu c phn chia thnh nm vng khc
nhau: vng ginh cho bin, vng ginh cho u vo (I), vng ginh cho u
ra (O), vng nh trong (M), vng nh trong d liu c bit (SM).

32

Kch thc ca cc min nh ny ph thuc vo chng loi CPU. Tt c

cc min ny u c th truy cp theo tng bit, byte, theo t n hoc t kp.
a ch truy cp c quy c nh sau:
Truy cp theo tng bit:
Cng thc: Tn min + a ch byte.ch s bit
Trong :
-

Tn min c th l : V, I, Q, M, SM

- a ch byte ph thuc vo chng loi CPU

- Ch s bit: 0 7
V d: V125.0 l a ch bit s 0 ca byte 125 thuc min V.
Truy cp theo tng byte:
Cng thc: Tn min + B v a ch byte
Trong :
-

Tn min c th l : V, I, Q, M, SM

- a ch byte ph thuc vo chng loi CPU

- B: byte
V d: VB150 l a ch byte 150 thuc min V.
Truy cp theo t n:
Cng thc: Tn min + W v a ch byte cao ca t.
Trong :
-

Tn min c th l : V, I, Q, M, SM

- W: word

33

V d: VW150 l a ch t n gm hai byte 150 v 151 thuc

min V, trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao ca t.
Truy cp theo t kp:
Cng thc: Tn min + D v a ch byte cao ca t.
Trong :
-

Tn min c th l : V, I, Q, M, SM

- D: double word
V d: VD150 l a ch t kp gm bn byte 150, 151, 152, 153
thuc min V, trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao, 153 c vai tr
l byte thp ca t kp.
Cc ton hng gii hn cho ca CPU 214:
Phng php truy nhp

Gii hn cho php ca ton hng ca

CPU 214

Truy nhp theo bit

V: t (0.0 n 4095.7)
I: (0.0 n 7.7)
Q: (0.0 n 7.7)
M: (0.0 n 31.7)
SM: (0.0 n 85.7)
T: (0.0 n 7.7)
C: (0.0 n 7.7)

Truy nhp theo byte

VB: (0 n 4095)
IB: (0 n 7)
QB: (0 n 7)

34

MB: (0 n 31)
SMB: (0 n 85)
AC: (0 n 3)
Hng s
Truy nhp theo t n

VW : (0 n 4094)
T : (0 n 127)
C : (0 n 127)
IW : (0 n 6)
QW : (0 n 6)
MW : (0 n 30)
SMW : (0 n 84)
AC : (0 n 3)
AIW : (0 n 30)
AQW : (0 n 30)
Hng s

35

Truy nhp theo t kp

VD: (0 n 4092)
ID: (0 n 4)
QD: (0 n4)
MD: (0 n 28)
SMD: (0 n 82)
AC: (0 n 3)
HC: (0 n 2)
Hng s

2.3.4. Vng i tng.

Vng i tng dng lu tr d liu cho cc i tng lp trnh nh cc
gi tr tc thi, gi tr t trc ca b m hay b thi gian. D liu kiu i
tng bao gm cc thanh ghi ca b thi gian, b m, cc b m cao tc,
b m tng t v cc thanh ghi AC. Kiu d liu i tng b hn ch rt
nhiu v cc d liu kiu i tng ch c ghi theo mc ch cn s dng
ca i tng .
2.4. NGUYN TC LM VIC CA CPU.
CPU ca PLC lm vic theo nguyn tc vng qut (chu trnh lp). Mt
vng qut ca PLC S7-200 c chia thnh 4 giai on:

36

Hnh 2.5: S nguyn tc hot ng ca CPU PLC S7-200.

Giai on 1: l giai on chuyn d liu t cng vt l vo trong b
m o (b m u vo)
Giai on 2: l giai on thc hin chng trnh, chng trnh s
c thc hin t lnh u tin cho n lnh cui cng.
Giai on 3: l giai on chuyn d liu t b m o (b m u
ra) ra cc cng vt l.
Giai on 4: truyn thng ni b v kim tra li.
Thi gian ca mi chu k qut c th khng ging nhau, n ph thuc vo
lng thng tin phi x l trong chu k qut . Nu thng tin nhiu th thi
gian qut ln v ngc li. V mt nguyn tc chng trnh ng dng cng
nhiu chng trnh con v chng trnh ngt th thi gian qut cng ln v
iu ny lm gim thi gian thc ca h thng.

37

2.5. NGN NG LP TRNH CA PLC S7-200.

PLC S7-200 c ba ngn ng lp trnh c bn l: LAD, FBD v STL.
LAD (Ladder logic) l ngn ng lp trnh dng hnh thang hay l ngn ng
ha. Thnh phn c bn ca LAD tng t nh thnh phn c bn ca
iu khin rle: c tip im thng m, tip im thng ng, cun dy
u ra, cc hm chc nng (thi gian, m).
STL (Statement list) l ngn ng lp trnh thng thng ca my tnh, th
hin chng trnh di dng cc cu lnh. Mt chng trnh c ghp bi
nhiu cu lnh theo mt thut ton nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v
u c cu trc chung l tn lnh + ton hng.
FBD (Function Block Diagram) l ngn ng ha thch hp vi ngi
quen thit k mch iu khin s. Vic chuyn i gia ba ngn ng LAD,
FBD v STL l hon ton t ng.
B lnh c bn ca PLC S7-200 vi ngn ng lp trnh LAD:
Cc lnh vo/ra:
Lnh
Tip

K hiu
im

thng m
Tip

im

thng ng

Cun dy u
ra

M t

Ton hng

Tip im thng m c I, Q, M, SM,

ng nu gi tr logic l 1
Tip im thng ng
c m nu gi tr logic l
1
Cun dy u ra c kch
thch khi c cp dng
iu khin.

38

L, D, T, C

I, Q, M, SM,
L, D, T, C

I, Q, M, SM,
L, D, T, C

t a ch ln gi tr logic
1

Lnh SET

I, Q, M, SM,

n: l s bit c ln logic 1 T, S, V
k t a ch bit.
t a ch v gi tr logic 0

Lnh RESET

n: l s bit c t v logic
0 k t a ch bit.

I, Q, M, SM,
T, S, V

Cc lnh logic i s BOOLEAN

Cc lnh lm vic vi tip im theo i s Boolean cho php to ra s
iu khin logic khng c nh.
Trong LAD lnh ny c biu din thng qua cu trc mch mc ni tip
hoc song song cc tip im thng ng hay thng m.
Lnh thc hin cc thut ton:
Lnh

K hiu

M t
Khi chn EN c gi tr logic
1 th ni dung ca IN s

Lnh INV

c thc hin vi thut

ton Invert v ghi vo OUT

(INV_W, INV_DW)

Khi chn EN c gi tr logic

1 th ni dung ca IN1 s
Lnh AND

c thc hin bng php

ton AND vi ni dung ca
(WAND_W, WAND_DW)

39

IN2 v ghi vo OUT

Khi chn EN c gi tr logic

1 th ni dung ca IN1 s
Lnh OR

c thc hin bng php

ton OR vi ni dung ca
(WOR_W, WOR_DW)

IN2 v ghi vo OUT

Khi chn EN c gi tr logic

1 th ni dung ca IN1 s
Lnh XOR

c thc hin bng php

ton XOR vi ni dung ca
(WXOR_W, WXOR_DW)

IN2 v ghi vo OUT

Lnh so snh:
Trong ngn ng LAD ca PLC S7-200 c th so snh cc php nh sau: so
snh bng, nh hn hoc bng, ln hn hoc bng. Cc gi tr so snh c th
l byte B, s nguyn I (Integer), t kp D (Double word), s thc R (Real).
Lnh

K hiu

M t

Ton hng (IN1,

IN2)

Tip im s
ng li (c gi
So snh bng

tr logic 1) nu V, I, C, Q, M, SM,
(= =I, = =D, = php ton so AC, const
snh c tha
=R)
mn IN1 = IN2

40

Tip im s
ng li (c gi
tr logic 1) nu

Ln hn hoc
bng

php ton so

V, I, C, Q, M, SM,

(> =I, > =D, > snh c tha AC, const

=R)
mn IN1 > =
IN2
Tip im s
ng li (c gi
tr logic 1) nu

Nh hn hoc
bng

php ton so

V, I, C, Q, M, SM,

(< =I, < =D, snh c tha AC, const

<=R)
mn IN1 < =
IN2

B thi gian (Timer):

B thi gian c chc nng to thi gian tr gia tn hiu u ra vi tn hiu
u vo.
Nguyn l: khi gi tr m tc thi ln hn hoc bng thi gian tr mong
mun th b timer c gi tr logic 1.
C hai loi b thi gian l: b thi gian khng c nh (TON) v b thi
gian c nh (TONR) trng thi u vo. phn gii ca b timer l thi
gian cp nht gi tr m tc thi, trong PLC S7-200 c 3 loi phn gii:
1ms, 10ms, 100ms. S lng b thi gian ph thuc vo chng loi CPU.
Timer

phn gii

Gi tr max

CPU 212

CPU 214

TON

1ms

32,767s

T32

T32, T96

41

TONR

10ms

327,67s

T33 T36

100ms

3276,7s

T37 T63

1ms

32,767s

T0

10ms

327,67s

T1 T4

100ms

3276,7s

T5 T36

T33 T36/
T97 T100
T37 T63/
T101 T127
T0, T64
T1 T4/ T65
T68
T5

T31/

T69 T95

Lnh:
K hiu

Ton hng
IN: V, T, C, I, Q, M,
SM

TON

PT: VW, T, C, IW, QW,

MW, SMW, AC, AIW,
const
IN: V, T, C, I, Q, M,
SM

TONR

PT: VW, T, C, IW, QW,

MW, SMW, AC, AIW,
const

Thi gian tr mong mun = gi tr phn gii * gi tr t (PT).

42

Vi b TON c hai cch reset l cho u vo v 0 hoc dng lnh

RESET. Cn vi b TONR th ch c mt cch reset l dng lnh
RESET.
B m (Counters):
Thc hin chc nng m cc sn xung. Gm c hai loi b m l m
tin v m tin li.
Nguyn tc hot ng: khi gi tr m tc thi ln hn hoc bng gi tr t
PV th b m c gi tr logic 1. Khi chn reset R c gi tr logic 1 th b m
c reset. Gi tr m li c thc hin t gi tr m tc thi.
Gi tr m: m tin CTU (t 0 n 32767); m tin li CTUD (t 32768 n 32767)
Lnh:
m tin

m tin li

CU: m tin; CD: m li; R: reset; PV: gi tr t

PV: word (VW, T, C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, const)

Cc lnh s hc:
Lnh

K hiu

M t

43

Ton hng

Thc hin vi s
nguyn I, s nguyn
kp DI, s thc R.
Lnh cng
ADD_DI,
ADD_R

IN1, IN2: VW,

T, C, IW, QW,
MW,

SMW,

Khi chn EN c gia AC, const.

tr logic 1 th ni
OUT: VW, T,
dung ca IN1 v IN2
C, IW, QW,
s thc hin php
MW,
SMW,
cng vi nhau v ghi
AC
kt qu vo OUT
Thc hin vi s
nguyn I, s nguyn IN1, IN2: VW,
kp DI, s thc R.

T, C, IW, QW,

SMW,
Khi chn EN c gia MW,
tr logic 1 th ni AC, const.

Lnh tr

dung ca IN1 v IN2 OUT: VW, T,

SUB_DI,

s thc hin php tr C, IW, QW,

SUB_R

cho nhau (IN1-IN2) MW,

SMW,

v ghi kt qu vo AC
OUT
Thc hin vi s
nguyn I v s thc
R.

IN1, IN2: VW,

T, C, IW, QW,
MW,

SMW,

Khi chn EN c gi AC, const.

Lnh nhn

tr logic 1 th ni
MUL_R

dung ca IN1 v IN2

s thc hin php
nhn vi nhau v ghi

44

OUT: VD, ID,

QD,
SMD, AC.

MD,

kt qu vo OUT
Thc hin vi s
nguyn I v s thc
R.

IN1, IN2: VW,

T, C, IW, QW,

Khi chn EN c gia MW,

SMW,
tr logic 1 th ni AC, const.

Lnh chia

dung ca IN1 v IN2

DIV_R

s thc hin php

chia

vi

nhau

(IN1/IN2) v ghi kt

OUT: VD, ID,

QD,

MD,

SMD, AC.

qu vo OUT
IN:

Lnh

cn

bc 2

VD,

ID,

Khi chn EN c gia QD,

MD,

tr logic 1 th ni SMD,

AC,

dung ca IN1 s const.

c cn bc hai va OUT: VD, ID,
ghi kt qu vo OUT QD,

MD,

SMD, AC

Cc lnh tng gim 1 n v v lnh o gi tr thanh ghi:

Lnh

K hiu

M t

Ton hng

Lnh thc hin vi byte B, IN: VW, T, C,

Lnh tng
mt n v

t n W, t kp DW.

IW, QW, MW,

Khi chn EN c gi tr SMW,

logic 1 th ni dung i vo const.

AC,

chn IN s c tng ln 1 OUT: VW, T,

45

n v v ghi ra OUT.

C, IW, QW,
MW,

SMW,

AC.
IN: VW, T, C,
Lnh thc hin vi byte B, IW, QW, MW,
t n W, t kp DW.

SMW,

AC,

Lnh gim

Khi chn EN c gi tr const.

mt n v

logic 1 th ni dung i vo OUT: VW, T,

chn IN s c gim i 1 C, IW, QW,
n v v ghi ra OUT.

MW,

SMW,

AC.
IN: VW, T, C,
Lnh thc hin vi byte B, IW, QW, MW,
t n W, t kp DW.
Lnh

gi tr

SMW,

AC,

Khi chn EN c gi tr const.

logic 1 th ni dung i vo OUT: VW, T,
chn IN s c o gi tr C, IW, QW,
tng bit v ghi ra OUT.

MW,

SMW,

AC.

Lnh di chuyn ni dung nh:

Lnh di chuyn ni dung nh c thc hin vi: ni dung ca mt byte
(MOV_B), ca mt t (MOV_W), ca mt t kp (MOV_DW), ca mt s
thc (MOV_R).

46

Khi chn EN tha

Lnh di chuyn

mn logic 1 th d

ni

liu t chn IN s

dung

ca

mt byte

c chuyn sang

IN: VB, IB, MB,

QB,

AC,

const.
OUT: VB, IB, MB,
QB,

OUT.

SMB,

SMB,

AC,

const.
Tng t vi t n, t kp v s thc.
S dng c cc u vo tng t hoc ghi cc u ra tng t, sao
chp d liu t vng nh ny sang vng nh khc.
Lnh thi gian thc(Real Time Clock - RTC):
ng h thi gian thc bao gm: ngy, thng, nm, gi, pht, giy,
ngy trong tun. khi ci dt thi gian thc cho PLC c hai cch: trc
tip t PC v gin tip t ngi lp trnh. Vi phng php gin tip t
ngi lp trnh, cc thng s nhp cho ng h thi gian thc phi
dng s BCD.
- Lnh c thi gian thc (READ_RTC): Lnh c ng h thi
gian thc l lnh c thi gian v ngy thng hin hnh t ng
h v a chng vo b m 8 byte bt u ti a ch T.
Bit EN: bit cho php c thi gian thc.
T (8 byte): VB, IB, QB, MB, SB, LB, *AC,
*VD, *LD. c nh dng nh sau:
T (byte)

Gi tr (nh dng BCD)

0 (nm)

0 99

1 (thng)

0 12

47

2 (ngy)

0 31

3 (gi)

0 23

4 (pht)

0 59

5 (giy)

0 59

6 (00)

00

(ngy

trong

tun)

1 7; 1: Sunday

Lnh SET_RTC: l lnh ghi thi gian v ngy thng hin hnh
n ng h bt u ti b m 8 byte a ch T. Khi chn EN
c gi tr logic 1 th thi gian thc s c set li thng qua T.
Cc nh dng byte T hon ton ging nh trn.

Cc tip im trong vng nh c bit:

- SM0.0: Vng qut u tin th m nhng t vng qut th 2 tr
i th ng.
- SM0.1: Ngc li vi SM0.0, vng qut u tin tip im ny
ng, k t vng qut th 2 th m ra v gi nguyn trong sut
qu trnh hot ng.
- SM0.4: Tip im to xung vi nhp xung vi chu k l 1 pht.
- SM0.5: Tip im to xung vi nhp xung vi chu k l 1 giy.
Cc lnh chuyn i (convert)
Lnh
BCD thnh
INTEGER

K hiu

M t
Chuyn i gi tr BCD chn IN thnh
gi tr INTEGER v a kt qu ra
OUT. Gi tr chn IN nm trong

48

khong 0 n 9999 BCD

Chuyn i gi tr INTEGER chn IN
INTEGER

thnh gi tr BCD v a kt qu ra

thnh BCD

OUT. Gi tr chn IN nm trong

khong 0 n 9999 INTEGER

DOUBLE
INTEGER
thnh
INTEGER
INTEGER
thnh
DOUBLE
INTEGER
DOUBLE
INTEGER
thnh
REAL
INTEGER
thnh
BYTE
BYTE
thnh
INTEGER

Chuyn i gi tr s DI 32 bit chn

IN thnh gi tr I 16 bit v a kt qu
ra OUT.
Chuyn i gi tr s I 16 bit chn IN
thnh gi tr DI 32 bit v a kt qu ra
OUT.
Chuyn i gi tri s INTEGER c du
32 bit chn IN thnh gi tr s thc
32bit v a kt qu ra OUT
Chuyn i gi tr s I chn IN thnh
gi tr byte v a kt qu ra OUT.
Chuyn i gi tr byte chn IN thnh
gi tr s I v a kt qu ra OUT.

49

- Lnh SEGMENT: l lnh xut LED 7 on vi ni dung v cu

trc nh sau.

K hiu:

2.6. PHN MM LP TRNH STEP7.

thit k chng trnh iu khin n giao thng bng PLC S7-200 ta
dng phn mm STEP7 Microwin V4. Sau khi ci t phn mm, trn mn
hnh desktop s xut hin biu tng ca STEP7.

Hnh 2.6: Biu tng ca STEP7.

ng thi trong menu Start ca Windows cung c th mc Simatic vi tt
c cc tn ca nhng thnh phn lin quan.

50

Cu trc ca s lp trnh ca STEP7 Microwin nh sau:

Hnh 2.7: Ca s lp trnh ca phn mm lp trnh V4.0 STEP 7 Microwin.

Vng son tho cha mt chng trnh, c chia thnh tng Network.
Cc thng s nhp c kim tra li c php. Ni dung ca s Program
Block ty thuc ngn ng lp trnh la chn. C th nhn p vo phn
t lp trnh cn thit trong danh sch chn chng vo chng trnh son
tho, cng c th chn cc phn t cn thit bng cch nhn v nh chut.
Cc cng c thng s dng:
- New (File Menu): to mi mt chng trnh son tho.
- Open (File Menu): m mt chng trnh son tho.
- Cut, Copy, Paste (Edit Menu): ct, sao chp v dn.
- Download (PLC Menu): ti xung chng trnh iu khin.
- Network (Insert): chn network mi.
- Program Elements (Insert): m ca s cc phn t lp trnh.
- Clear/Reset (PLC): xa chng trnh hin thi trong PLC.

51

- LAD, STL, FBD (view): hin th dng ngn ng yu cu.

Cc phn t lp trnh thng dng (ngn ng LAD):
Cc lnh logic tip im

Cc lnh so snh

Cc loi Counter

Cc loi Timers

2.7. PHN MM M PHNG TRONG PLC S7 200.

S7 200 Simulator 2.0 Ing English l mt trong nhng phn mm dng
m phng hot ng ca PLC sau khi c np chng trnh. Chng ta c th
m phng chng trnh vit bng cch s dng phn mm ny m khng
cn n PLC tht. thc hin m phng, ta ch cn thc thi file S7
200.exe, sau khi khi ng ta c giao din nh sau:

52

Hnh 2.8: Giao din phn mm S7-200 Simulator 2.0 English.

Trnh t thc hin khi m phng mt chng trnh iu khin:
- Vit chng trnh bng phn mm Step 7 Microwin.
- Bin dch chng trnh: File/Export.
- t tn tp tin v chn Save (*.awl).
- Khi ng phn mm m phng S7-200.exe.
- Chn loi CPU: Configuration /CPU Type/Chn loi CPU cn
m phng.
- M File cn m phng: Program/Load Program/ Chn
Accept/Chn file *.awl.
- Chy m phng: PLC / Run hoc biu tng Run
cng c.

53

trn thanh

- Thay i trng thi ng vo bng cc cng tc trn bng iu

khin mu xanh.
- Quan st cc n bo trng thi ng vo ra trn PLC.
- Dng chng trnh: PLC / Stop hoc biu tng Stop
thanh cng c.

54

trn

CHNG 3.

XY DNG H THNG IU KHIN TRN SN

BNG PLC S7-200
3.1. YU CU.
pha trn c mt mu sn no chng ta phi tm hiu k thut
v pha ch mu,tc phi nm bt c t l gia cc mu c bn l bao nhiu
phn trm (%). V vy ta c cc yu cu sau:
- Cc sn pha phi c mu chun.
- Hn hp phi c khuy trn u n.
Bng 3.1: V d mt s thnh phn cc mu c bn.

%
Sn Phm

Xanh dng

Vng

Mu da cam

50

45

Mu ru

60

10

30

Mu tm

10

70

20

Mu hng

50

50

Mu xanh l

15

85

55

l:

3.2. NGUYN L HOT NG.

Nhn nt Start (I0.0) khi ng h thng, chn ch ch hot ng
bng tay ( I0.3 = 1) hoc ch t ng ( I0.3 = 0). Khi chn ch t ng,
phi chn mu cn pha ( da cam , ru, tm, hng, xanh l ) thng qua nt nhn
( I1.1 I1.4 ), nu khng nhn nt h thng s t ng pha mu xanh l. Sau
khi chn mu cn pha, bm ba loi sn xanh dng - vng vo bnh
cha. Sn xanh dng s bm vo bn chnh bng my bm c c iu
khin qua Q0.4 trong khong thi gian T1, sn s bm vo bn chnh bng
my bm c c iu khin qua Q0.5 trong khong thi gian T2, sn
vng s bm vo bn chnh bng my bm c c iu khin qua Q0.6
trong khong thi gian T3. Cc bm ngng a sn vo bnh khi
khong thi gian nh sn hoc bnh cha t mc cc i (I0.3= 1) v bt
u qu trnh trn. Qu trnh ny c iu khin bi ng c trn, thi gian
trn cn thit l trn 3s dng 2s, c thc hin 3 ln. Sau khi trn xong, sn
phm c rt thng qua van (Q1.1). Mi qu trnh trn c 5 lt sn theo
yu cu.
3.3. S NI IN CHO PLC.

Hnh 3.1: Mch cp ngun cho PLC.

56

Hnh 3.2: S nguyn l u dy cho PLC CPU 224 DC/DC/DC

Hnh 3.3: S nguyn l u dy cho PLC CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay

57

3.4.

LU THUT GII.

3.4.1. Chng trnh chnh ( MAIN).

START

BLUE

AUTO-MAN

AUTO

58

MAN

3.4.2. Chng trnh con iu khin chn mu.

AUTO

Cng tc ch 1

Trn thnh sn mu cam

0
Cng tc ch 2
0

Trn thnh sn mu ru

Trn thnh sn mu tm

0
Cng0tc ch 3

0
0
Cng tc ch 4

0
Trn thnh sn mu xanh l

59

Trn thnh sn mu hng

3.4.3. Chng trnh con trn sn t ng.

Mu cn trn

Khi to b nh thi TON T37

Khi ng ng c bm 1, 2, 3

Dng ng c bm khi sn
trong bn chnh y hoc ht
thi gian bm lp trnh.
n xanh sng

Khi ng ng qu trnh trn

Khi ng ng qu trnh rt

Pht hin c
thng ng sn

M van rt sn

S
END
Bo ng

3.5. CC U VO/RA PLC.

60

Bng 3.2: Cc u vo/ra ca PLC

STT

K hiu

a ch

Ghi ch

Start

I0.0

Khi ng h thng

Stop

I0.1

Dng h thng

Auto_Man

I0.2

T ng Bng tay

Min

I0.3

Bo mc sn trong bn chnh
cn hay ht

Max

I0.4

Bo mc sn trong bn chnh y

Dk_bom1

I0.5

iu kin bm 1

Dk_bom2

I0.6

iu kin bm 2

Dk_bom3

I0.7

iu kin bm 3

Dk_dc_tron

I1.0

iu kin ng c trn

10

Tron_1

I1.1

Chng trnh to mu da cam

11

Tron_2

I1.1

Chng trnh to mu ru

12

Tron_3

I1.2

Chng trnh to mu tm

13

Tron_4

I1.4

Chng trnh to mu hng

14

Cb_1

I1.5

Pht hin c thng ng sn

15

Cb_2

I1.6

Pht hin sn c rt

61

16

Blue

Q0.0

n bo hot ng

17

Red

Q0.1

n bo dng

18

Green

Q0.2

n bo y sn bn chnh

19

Yellow

Q0.3

n bo ht sn bn chnh

20

Bom_1

Q0.4

ng c bm sn xanh dng

21

Bom_2

Q0.5

ng c bm sn

22

Bom_3

Q0.6

ng c bm sn vng

23

Dc_tron

Q0.7

ng c trn sn

24

Chuong_bao

Q1.0

Chung bo khng c thng ng sn

25

Van

Q1.1

Van thng ng 24V

62

3.6. CHNG TRNH IU KHIN.

Kch p vo biu tng Step7 Microwin trn mn hnh desktop hoc vo
Start => All Program File => Simatic => Step7 Microwin.

Hnh 3.4: Ca s giao din ca phn mm lp trnh.

Click vo File => Save save file. ca s hin ra t tn cho chng
trnh vo file name, chn ng dn lu file Save in, sau nhn
Save lu li. T giao din chng trnh click vo Symbol Table t tn
cho cc bin.
Click vo Program Block, t khi lnh click p vo cc biu tng mong
mun thit k chng trnh.

63

3.6.1. Chng trnh chnh.

64

3.6.2. Chng trnh iu khin trn sn bng tay (MAN).

3.6.3. Chng trnh iu khin trn sn t ng (AUTO).

65

3.6.4. Chng trnh iu khin rt sn (ROT_SON).

66

3.6.5. Chng trnh iu khin trn sn mu da cam (DA_CAM).

67

3.6.6. Chng trnh iu khin trn sn mu ru (REU).

68

69

3.6.7. Chng trnh iu khin trn sn mu tm (TIM).

70

3.6.8. Chng trnh iu khin trn sn mu hng (HONG).

71

72

3.6.9. Chng trnh iu khin trn sn mu xanh l (XANH_LA).

73

74

3.6.10. Chng trnh n bo (DEN_BAO).

75

KT LUN
Sau thi gian lm n di s hng dn tn tnh ca thy TS. Nguyn
Trng Thng, s gip ca cc bn v s l lc ca bn thn em hon
thnh xong n tt nghip ca mnh. n gm c nhng ni dung nh
sau:
Gii thiu v lch s pht trin ca ngnh sn, cu trc, nguyn tc hot
ng ca mt h thng trn sn.
Trnh by khi qut v s hnh thnh v pht trin ca PLC, cc u im
ca PLC so vi cc h thng iu khin khc. Trnh by cu trc phn cng,
ngn ng lp trnh ca PLC S7 200. Gii thiu v phn mm lp trnh
STEP7 Microwin.
Thc hin thit k chng trnh iu khin h thng trn sn s dng PLC
S7-200 c vit bng phn mm Step7 Microwin V4.0.
n ny gip em hiu v bit cch ng dng PLC vo thc t, ngoi ra
n cn gip em b xung kin thc v lp trnh v mt s k nng khc. Tuy
nhin do thi gian nghin cu cn hn ch v kin thc c hn nn vn cn
nhiu thiu st, rt mong nhn c s gp ca cc thy c em c th b
xung thm kin thc hin c ca mnh. Em xin chn thnh cm n.

76

TI LIU THAM KHO

Sch tham kho
1. Nguyn Trng Thun (2004), iu khin logic v ng dng, NXB
Khoa hc k thut.
2. Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh, V Vn H (2000), T ng
ha vi Simatic S7 200, NXB Khoa hc k thut.
3. Chu Ch c, K thut iu khin lp trnh PLC Simatic S7-200.
Ti liu trn internet
1. https://www.google.com.vn
2. http://tailieu.vn
3. http://tailieu.hpu.edu.vn
4. http://plcvietnam.com.vn
5. http://tisonpaint.vn
6. http://icolor.vn

77