Slaughterhouse-Five, by Kurt Vonnegut

In the classic Season 4 episode "The Constant," Daniel Faraday (Jeremy

Davies) refers to Desmond's time travel experiences as being "unstuck in
time." This is the exact same description given to Slaughterhouse protagonist
Billy Pilgrim. Miles uses the novel's theory of time travel (what happened,
happened) to explain the concept to Hurley in Season 5.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum
In Season 3, Locke accuses Ben of being the "man behind the curtain ... the
Wizard of Oz." But in fact Jacob is the man behind the curtain for most of the
series. Dorothy Gale, in the book, has an uncle named Henry, and Ben's alias
is Henry Gale. He claims to have arrived as the wonderful Wizard did in
a balloon. When Ben, as Gale, saves Locke, their dialogue is similar to that in
the movie adaptation of the book: "What did you think, I was going to leave
you here?"

Lord of the Flies, by William Golding

The boys in this 1954 novel, like the characters in Lost, live on an island they
believe to be haunted by a terrifying monster. We're willing to bet at least one
enterprising eleventh-grader has done a compare-and-contrast between Jack
and Locke, and the Lord of the Flies' Ralph and Jack.
Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck
Sawyer reads this book in jail in Season 3. Later, in Season 6, he tells the Man
in Black the ending of the book, in which George shoots Lennie in the head,
and draws his gun. The Man in Black talks Sawyer down, however, and
convinces him to help him recruit more of Jacob's candidates in his quest to
leave the island.

Our Mutual Friend, by Charles Dickens

In Season 2, we learned that Desmond keeps a copy of the book with him and
intends for it to be the last one he ever reads. While stationed at the Swan and
contemplating suicide, he opens the book and finds a love letter left by Penny,
which gives him a reason to stay alive. In Season 5, we see that Desmond
and Penny's boat is named "Our Mutual Friend."
Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe
Every island-based story owes a debt to this fictional autobiographical account
of a man's 28 years on a remote island. Actually, so does every story written in
or translated from English, sinceCrusoe was among the first, if not the first,
English-language novels.