UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013 SEPTEMBER EXAMINATION UDDD3144 PATHOLOGY THURSDAY, 13 SEPTEMBER 2012 TIME : 2.00 PM ~ 4.00 PM (2 HOURS) BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE, Instruction to Candidates : Answer ALL questions. All questions carry equal marks. This question paper consists of 4 questions on 4 printed pages.UDDD3144 PATHOLOGY Qu Q (@) (>) © @ @ >) © @ List ways in which hypoxia, physical forces, bacteria and viruses may cause cell injury, (5 marks) Describe TWO (2) types of cell adaptation to stress stimuli. (4 marks) (Gi) Provide TWO (2) scenarios for each type of cell adaptation. (4 marks) A 32-year old female of type II diabetes mellitus accidentally cut her hand with a knife and the wound failed to heal even afier two weeks. (Identify the causes for delayed healing in this patient. (2 marks) (i) Explain FOUR (4) other local or systemic factors that influence wound healing. (4 marks) Differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation. (6 marks) [Total : 25 marks} Air is contaminated with pollutants, They can be of the nature or of man-made origin. List FOUR (4) indoor air pollutants with associated source and the possible threat, (6 marks) Chronic alcoholism is a risk of pathologic condition resulting from the habitual use of alcohol in excessive amounts, The alcohol abuse damages almost every organ in the body. Discuss the effects of alcohol on FIVE (5) organs. (S marks) (Define shock (in pathological context). (2 marks) (ii) Identify and discuss the type of shock experienced by a patient who is suffering from severe burn injury. (1, S marks) A 36-year old man complains of increasing chest pain that is not relieved by rest oF nitroglycerin. (Name the condition. (1 mark) (ii) State a probable etiology for the condition above. (1 mark) ii) Name the critical outeome of (i). (1 mark) ‘This question paper consists of 4 questions on 4 printed pages.UDDD3144 PATHOLOGY 2. (d) (Continued) @ (a) (b) © @ @ (iv) List the risk factors for the condition in (ii). (3 marks) [Total : 25 marks] Identify and describe ONE (1) example of disease which affects the normal function for each of the following digestive part: (i) Intraluminal digestion (3 marks) Gi) Terminal digestion (3 marks) (ii) Transepithelial digestion (3 marks) Briefly discuss the clinical features and complications of malabsorption syndrome. (4 marks) Smoking is one of the major causes of emphysema. Elaborate this statement. (6 marks) Discuss the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (6 marks) [Total : 25 marks] A 37-year old housewife complained of superficial visible veins in both legs which were worse after her 3rd pregnancy. The patient experienced chronic leg fatigue, pain and swelling. (i) Identify the probable diagnosis, (1 mark) This question paper consists of 4 questions on 4 printed pages.UDDD3144 PATHOLOGY 4. (a) (Continued) () © Gi) ii) wy) Gi) a Gi) Draw the affected vein. Discuss the difference in function between the normal and affected vein. (1, 4 marks) Normal vein ‘Aifected vein ‘Valve open Valve closed State other complications that she might suffer. (2 marks) In men, a similar abnormality can be observed in pampi ‘Name the condition and explain why 98% of the condition occurs on the left side. (1, 1 mark) Compare and contrast lobar pneumonia with bronchopneumonia. (6 marks) Discuss the FOUR (4) stages in pathophysiology of lobar pneumonia. (4 marks) Adenomysosis can be mistakenly diagnosed as fibroids. Distinguish between the two conditions in term of morphology. G marks) List FOUR (4) common sites of endometriosis externa. (2 marks) [Total : 25 marks] This question paper consists of 4 questions on 4 printed pages.