DNA REPAIR

KELOMPOK 4
Putri Wulandari Harahap
Ely Suzana
Roslina Horo
Yulyani Karamoy
Desinthamaya
Roeslina Herawati
Claudia Roberta
Nuriyah

DNA REPAIR
SINCE MANY MUTATIONS ARE DELETERIOUS
DNA REPAIR SYSTEM ARE VITAL TO THE SURVIVAL OF
ALL ORGANISMS

LIVING CELLS CONTAINS SEVERAL DNA REPAIRS SYSTEMS

CAN FIX DIFFERENT TYPE OF DNA ALTERATIONS

DNA REPAIR
DNA REPAIR PROCESS :
A GROUP OF THE PROCESS THAT HAPPENED
IF DNA DAMAGED OCCURRED
IDENTIFICATION & REPAIRED DNA MOLECULE
DAMAGED IN GENOME

DNA REPAIR
DNA REPAIR MECHANISMS FALL INTO 2 CATEGORIES

REPAIR OF DAMAGE BASES

REPAIR OF INCORRECTLY BASEPAIRED BASES DURING
REPLICATION

DNA REPAIR PROCESS

IN MOST CASES :

AN IRREGULARITY IN DNA STRUCTURE IS DETECTED

THE ABNORMAL DNA IS REMOVED
NORMAL DNA IS SYNTHESIZED

1.BASE EXCISION REPAIR SYSTEM

BASE EXCISION REPAIR (BER) INVOLVES A CATEGORY OF ENZYMES
KNOWN AS DNA-N-GLYCOSYLASES
THESE ENZYMES CAN RECOGNIZE A SINGLE DAMAGED BASE AND CLEAVE THE
BOND BETWEEN IT AND THE SUGAR IN THE DNA
REMOVES ONE BASE, EXCISES SEVERAL AROUND IT, AND REPLACES WITH
SEVERAL NEW BASES USING POLIMERASE ADDING TO 3 ENDS THEN LIGASE
ATTACHING TO 5 END

DEPENDING ON THE SPECIES,THIS REPAIR SYSTEM CAN ELIMINATE

ABNORMAL BASES SUCH AS
URACIL; THYMINE DIMERS

PADA BASA TUNGGAL YG RUSAK SELAMA PROSES

SELULER
BASA YANG RUSAK DILEPASKAN OLEH DNA GLIKOSILASE
YG MEMUTUS IKATAN GLIKOSIDIK SEHINGGA TERBENTUK
SITUS APURINIK DIMANA KERANGKA GULA PHOSPAT TETAP
UTUH SEDANGKAN 1 BASA PURIN ATAU SITUS APURINIK
ATAU PIRIMIDIN HILANG
ENZIM ENDONUCLEASE AP MEMUTUS KERANGKA GULA
PHOSPAT DAN CELAH YG TERBENTUK DIPERBAIKI OLEH
DNA POLIMERASE DAN DNA LIGASE.

INFORMASI DARI UNTAI YG KOMPLEMENTER DIGUNAKAN

UNTUK MENDIKTE BASA YANG HARUS DITAMBAHKAN
PADA CELAH TERSEBUT.
DNA POLIMERASE 1 BERIKATAN PADA CELAH DAN
BERGERAK DENGAN ARAH 5 KE 3 , MELEPASKAN
NUKLEOTIDA DG AKTIFITAS 5 EKSONUKLEASE .
AKTIFITAS POLIMERASE 5 KE 3 DR DNA POLIMERASE 1
DIGUNAKAN UNTUK ISI CELAH YG DITINGGALKAN OLEH 5
EKSONUKLEASE

BASE EXCISION REPAIR SYSTEM

Depending on whether a
purine
or pyrimidine is removed,
this
creates an apurinic and an
apyrimidinic site,
respectively

Nick replication would be

a more accurate term

2.NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR SYSTEM

An important general process for DNA repair is Nucleotide Excision
Repair (NER)
Nicks DNA around damages bases and removes region
Then fills in with Pol on 3ends, and attaches 5 end with ligase

This types of system can repair many types of DNA damage, including
Thymine dimers and chemically modified base s

NER is founds in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes

However, its molecular mechanism is better understood in prokaryotes

NER
SISTEM PERBAIKAN KOMPLEX MELIBATKAN > 30 GEN YG DIRANCANG
UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI PRODUK KERUSAKAN YANG DIINDUKSI UV ATAU
DIMER PIRIMIDIN.
2 S/D 30 BASA
MEMOTONG KERANGKA GULA PHOSPAT UNTAI DNA PD KE 2 UJUNG
DAERAH YG RUSAK DAN MELEPASKAN BAGIAN YANG RUSAK TERSEBUT
MELEPASKAN BANYAK NUKLEOTIDA
CELAH YG TERBENTUK SELANJUTNYA DIISI OLEH DNA POLIMERASE
DAN KERANGKA GULA PHOSPAT KEMBALI DISAMBUNGKAN DG
BANTUAN DNA LIGASE

NUCLEOTIDA EXICISION REPAIR

3.MISMATCH REPAIR SYSTEM

If proof reading fails, the methyl-directed mismatch repair system
comes to the rescue
This repair system is found in all species
In humans, mutation in the system are associated with particular type
of cancer
Methyl- directed mismatch repair recognizes mismatched base pairs,
excises the incorrect bases, and than carries out repair synthesis.

MISMATCH ( MEKANISME PERBAIKAN ) MEMPERBAIKI

KESALAHAN PEMASANGAN BASA YG TJD PD WAKTU
REPLIKASI DNA.
SISTEM INI DAPAT DI DETEKSI PADA BASA YG SALAH YANG
DIPASANGKAN PADA UNTAI DNA YG BARU DISINTESIS.
MEMOTONG BAG YG SALAH DAN KEMUDIAN
MENGGANTIKANNYA DG REPLIKASI SETEMPAT YG
DIMEDIASI OLEH POLIMERASE DNA
KUNCI UNTUK PENGGANTIAN KESALAHAN TERSEBUT
ADALAH MENGETAHUI BASA YG TEPAT UNTUK GANTI BASA
YG SALAH

Parental strands are marked with methyl groups

Methyl- directed mismatch

repair in in prokaryotes

DNA Damage
From Exogenous and Endogenous Sources

DNA Damage

DNA Damage

to Cells with Proliferative

Capacity

to Predominately Non-Dividing
Cells

DNA REPAIR
Errors of Replication
or Repair

Cell Death

Blockage of
Transcription

Mutations Conferring
Selective Advantage for
Clonal Expansion

Reduced Gene
Expression

Pre-malignant Field
Defect

Functional Decline of
Tissues and Organs

CANCER

AGING

THANK YOU

BASIC SCIENCE OF ONCOLOGY , Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 2010

DNA REPAIR
Kerusakan untai ganda dna :
PENGARUH EKSOGEN ,ENDOGEN
REKOMBINASI HOMOLOG
NHJE
Sistem perbaikan kerusakan secara langsung