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Do An May Nghien
Do An May Nghien
Li ni u
Trong tnh hnh hin nay, xy dng l mt trong nhng vt liu khng
th thiu xy ln cc cng trnh xy dng. Thc t, cc nh my sn xut
hin nay thng dng cc my nghin s b c nng sut ln khng ph hp vi
nng sut ca dy chuyn gy ra s khng ng b trong dy chuyn dn n lng
ph khng cn thit. V vy yu cu t ra l phi nghin cu, ch to my nghin
s b c nhng u im ca my c v phi c nng sut ph hp vi dy
chuyn ca nh my.
Mong mun ca em l ti nghin cu ny s thc hin c gp mt
phn nh trong vic nng cao nng sut v cht lng ca cc nh my sn xut
. nng cao nng sut, cn c mt s cng ngh tt, my mc c nng sut
cao. Trm nghin sng rm xy dng hin nay pht trin rt a dng v phong
ph. Hin nay nc ta c rt nhiu nh my sn xut rm xy dng
phc v cho sn xut b tng, xi mng. Vi yu cu t ra l thit k mt
trm nghin sng sn xut rm xy dng c cng sut ln n 150
(m3/h). Em n lc hon thnh ti trn vi mong mun gp mt
phn nh sc lc ca mnh nhm nng cao hiu qu sn xut ca ngnh
sn xut rm xy dng nc ta hin nay.Vi nhng kin thc cn
non km khng khi c nhng thiu st, mong cc thy c gio gp
thm ti ca em thm hon thin.
Vi nhim v thit k my nghin nn trong dy chuyn sn xut rm
xy dng c cng sut 150 m3/h . Em n lc ht mnh hon thin ti.
My nghin nn l loi my c nng sut cao, nghin sch v phn loi rt tt. N
c nhiu u im hn so vi cc my nghin m, v ngy nay ang c ng dng
rng ri nghin rm, phc v cho cng tc sn xut xi mng, b tng. Vi
ti nu trn em tnh ton thit k my nghin nn nghin va c nng sut 225
m3/h, cng on 2 ca dy chuyn sn xut rm xy dng. Vi nhng kin
thc c hc t mn my sn xut vt liu xy dng v kin thc tng th ca
cc mn hc chuyn ngnh my xy dng em thit k xong my nghin nn
nghin va c nng sut 225 m3/h. n tt nghip l ti quan trng nht trong
Sinh vin: H Xun Hi
Lp: 50km1
H Xun Hi
Lp: 50km1
Tn n vi khai thc
Sn lng nm (m3)
K hoch
Thc hin
200.000
200.000
100.000
150.000
Khng c
Khng c
250.000
300.000
Khng c
150.000
200.000
200.000
250.000
20.000
Khng c
120.000
Khng c
Khng c
Khng c
300.000
80.000
150.000
150.000
120.000
+ Tuyn ni Bi
+ Tuyn Rng M
+ Tuyn ng hm
2. M Gia Thanh - Gia Vin Ninh Bnh
3. M Thanh Ngh Thanh Lim
4. Cc m thuc huyn
Kim Bng
1.690.000
Cng
Lp: 50km1
= 600.000 m3/ nm
Kh nng p ng cn thiu
= 110.000 m3/ nm
= 150.000 m3/ nm
Sn lng cn thiu cn b p
= 560.000 m3/ nm
Lp: 50km1
Lp: 50km1
Lp: 50km1
Lp: 50km1
Lp: 50km1
Lp: 50km1
10
Lp: 50km1
+ Cht n cha nitrat amon, trtin, nitr ete lng nh hn 15%; gecxgen
km nhy v dy n.
+ Thuc en khi v khng khi.
+ Kp n v r le vi sai.
+ Lng thuc n khoan v cc loi n bn trong c b phn lm n.
b. Theo iu kin an ton khi s dng, cc loi cht n c phn thnh 2
nhm v 6 loi:
- Nhm I l loi cht n thng dng, n bao gm 2 loi:
+ Loi I dng n trn mt t
+ Loi II dng n l thin v hm l khng gy nguy him v kh v
bi n.
- Nhm II l cht n an ton, n bao gm:
+ Loi III l cht n c cng sut cao, an ton thp i vi nhng gng
ca m than hm l nguy him v n kh v bi.
+ Loi IV l cht n cng sut trung bnh, an ton trung bnh, dng
n mn khi khai thc than hm l nguy him v kh v bi n.
+ Loi V l cht n c an ton cao dng n than v t trong
nhng iu kin c bit nguy him.
+ Loi VI l cht n c an ton rt cao, dng n than v t trong
l ch, o phu tho qung v l ni trong nhng iu kin nguy him nht v
kh mtan v bi than.
c. Theo thnh phn, cht n cng nghip c chia thnh: cht n cha
nitrat amn (amnt, inamn, grannult, igant), cht n trn c s nitr ete lng,
cht n cha hp cht nitr.
- Nguyn tc la chn cht n trong khai thc m l thin
Trn m l thin, t ch yu c ph v bng lng thuc n trong l
khoan thng ng hoc nghing ng knh 100 - 320 mm. p v ln 2 s
dng lng thuc trong l khoan nh v lng thuc p ngoi:
+ Trn m l thin c th s dng cht n c ng knh ti hn (hn
100mm), ngha l c kh nng kch n thp trong lng thuc ng knh nh.
l cc loi cht n ht, n m bo p v t u n hn.
Sinh vin: H Xun Hi
11
Lp: 50km1
12
Lp: 50km1
13
Lp: 50km1
I-1
I-3
I-2
c
B
ng
m
Na
14
I-3
nghin s ng n p vo my nghin
I-2
y
T
Lp: 50km1
15
Lp: 50km1
S dy chuyn thit b:
Q=178 m3/h 0 - 500
np
Phu np
d >70 mm
My nghin cn th
Sng rung
0 - 20 mm
36,4% (64,8 m3/h)
d > 20 mm
40% (53,88 m3/h)
My nghin cn va
Sng rung
5 - 10 mm
10 - 20 mm
0 - 5 mm
22,2%
(39,52 m3/h) 57,8% (102,88 m3/h)
20% (35,6 m3/h)
16
Lp: 50km1
100 350 mm
40 100 mm
5 40 mm
+ Bt th
5 0,1 mm
+ Bt mn
0,1 0,05 mm
+ Bt siu mn
< 0,05 mm
b. Tnh cht c bn ca vt liu nghin
Khi s dng my nghin ta cn phi quan tm n cc tnh cht sau y ca
vt liu nghin:
* bn: bn ca vt liu c trng cho kh nng chng ph hy ca
chng di tc dng ca ngoi lc. bn c c trng bng gii hn bn nn
v gii hn bn ko.
17
Lp: 50km1
: 2 5 ln va p
+ Dai
: 5 10 ln va p
+ Rt dai : 10 ln va p
Khi lm vic vi cc vt liu c gin khc nhau th tnh nng ca my
cng thay i theo. Tnh gin tng ln th nng lng nghin gim i v nng sut
tng theo.
1.4.2 La chn cc phng php nghin v cc thit b km theo
thc hin nghin c th thc hin nghin mt giai on, hoc c th
nghin hai giai on. Vi phng n nghin mt giai on c a vo nghin
trc tip u ra c c sn phm, vi phng n ny th nguyn liu vo ch
qua mt chu trnh nghin ri chuyn thnh sn phm, c th thy my khng
nghin hiu qu do khng c qu trnh nghin s b - qu trnh nghin xy ra khc
lit dn ti my hot ng mn nhanh v cht lng khng n nh.
Phng n nghin hai giai on s dng hai qu trnh nghin l qu trnh
nghin s b, sau l qu trnh nghin tinh. c lm nh dn qua my
nghin th, sn phm ca qu trnh ny c chuyn n my nghin tinh, nh
vy qua hai qu trnh nghin kch thc c gim i ph hp vi kch thc
np ca mi loi my nghin. Phng n ny s dng my nghin vi kh nng
ca n, my nghin s hot ng c hiu qu trong thi gian di, tuy nhin cn c
thm b phn chuyn liu gia cc b phn nh vy kt cu c th cng knh hn.
Kt qu ca phng n ny l sn phm u ra t c yu cu.
1.4.3 La chn my nghin s b trong phng n nghin chn
Thc t hin nay nghin s b ngi ta c th s dng 3 loi my:
My nghin trc ln, my nghin m, v my nghin nn. chn loi my
nghin th ngi ta c th da vo trc ht yu cu cng ngh ca quy trnh nh :
xem xt cng ca vt liu, t s nghin i, c im kt cu my v nng sut
18
Lp: 50km1
19
Lp: 50km1
20
Lp: 50km1
Dmax 500
25 .
20
d max
Nlt =
K sd
.k (m3/h)
Trong :
Nlt
Nyc
ksd
1,12
178 (m3/h)
0,95
21
Lp: 50km1
PA1_CM886
PA2_KKD900
900 x 1200
900
700
750
90 130
75 180
Nng sut
Q (m3/h)
100 160
230 400
Cng sut
N (kW)
100
250
70
134
22
Lp: 50km1
My nghin nn
b1 = 90(mm)
b1 =75 (mm)
5
0,056
90
5
0,067
75
10
0,11
90
10
0,13
75
20
0,22
90
20
0,27
75
Phng n B
0-5
100 - 97 = 3%
100 - 94 = 6%
5-10
10-20
20-70
Trn 70
Tng
97 - 93 = 4%
93 - 85 = 8%
59%
40%
100%
94 - 88 = 6%
88 -74 =14%
57%
27%
100%
23
Lp: 50km1
100
97
93
85
80
60
40
20
d
b
d
b
Phng n B
0-5
3+0,4.3 = 4,2%
6+ 0,4.6 = 8,4 %
5-10
4+0,4.4 = 5,6%
6+0,4.6 = 8,4%
10-20
8+0,4.8 = 11,2%
14+0,4.14 =19,6%
Trn 20
Tng
79 %
100%
63,6%
100%
24
Lp: 50km1
89
148,3 (m3/h)
1 0,40
178
282,5 (m3/h)
1 0,27
Phng n A
Phng n B
1=1,8
1=1,8
b1=90
b1=75
dmax1=1,8*90=160
dmax1=1,8*75=135
thc th 1=1,6
thc th 1=1,4
dmax1=1,6*90=144
dmax1=1,4*75=105
Bng 2.5
Sinh vin: H Xun Hi
25
Lp: 50km1
ddb
Hnh 2.5 th xc nh hm lng lt sng vi my nghin cn th
Nng sut cn thit chn my nghin cng on 2 s bng phn vt liu
ra khi my nghin cng on 1 c kch thc ln hn kch thc ln nht ca
rm theo yu cu.
Q2 = c.Qt
Trong : c l phn sn phm cn thit phi nghin li ln th 2. Do
phng n A ta chn 2 my nghin m nh trn nn h s c phng n
A l c = 0,811
cho phng n A Q2 = 0,79.Qt = 0,79.178 = 140,6 (m3/h)
cho phng n B Q2 = 0,636.Qt = 0,636.178 = 113,2 (m3/h)
2.3 Chn my nghin cng on 2
2.3.1 Chn my nghin
Cng on ny cng theo kch thc ln nht ca np vo my v nng
sut. Kch thc ln nht ca ra khi my nghin cng on 1 s l kch
thc np vo cng on 2.
Da vo kch thc ra khi my nghin cng on I v nng sut yu
cu ca vic thit k ta c th chn s b my nghin cng on II theo cc
phng n di y.
Sinh vin: H Xun Hi
26
Lp: 50km1
n v o
Phng n A
Phng n B
KC-1750 - p
PYz-1750
mm
215
185
mm
20 60
10 30
(m3/h)
160 300
115 320
KW
160
155
47
50,3
K hiu my
Kch thc np ln
nht
kch thc khe x
Nng sut
Cng sut ng c
Khi lng my
20
9,1mm
2,2
3
3
0,33
'
b 2 9,1
Hm lng ht c kch thc
27
Lp: 50km1
d
d
3
0,185 b2
16,2( mm)
b2
0,185 0,185
Chn b2 = 16 (mm) ; dmax2 = 1,8.16 = 28,8(mm)
2.3.3 Tnh thnh phn ht ca rm vi kch thc ca x 16 (mm)
Do c 2 phng n u dng mt loi my nghin nn nghin va nn
thnh phn ht ca c 2 phng n c th ly nh sau:
Xc nh t s:
d
b
5
0,31
16
10
0,63
16
20
1,25
16
28
Lp: 50km1
d
b
100 - 89 =11%
5 10 (mm)
89 - 76=13%
10 20 (mm)
76-40=36%
Trn 20 (mm)
40%
Bng 2.7
140,6
234,3 (m3/h)
1 0,40
29
Lp: 50km1
Phng n B Q2=
134,7
224,5 (m3/h)
1 0,40
c
. f2%
1 q
Trong :
a : Dng vt liu ban u(a=1)
c : Dng vt liu a t my nghin cng on 1 n my nghin cng on 2
q : Phn vt liu a v nghin li my nghin cng on 2 theo chu trnh kn
f1 : Thnh phn ht ca t my nghin th nht
f2 : Thnh phn ht c t my nghin th hai
Theo tnh ton ta c:
Phng n A
Phng n B
c = 0,79
c = 0,636
q = 0,4
q = 0,4
c
0,79
.=
1,32
1 q 1 0,4
c
0,636
. =
1,06
1 q
1 0,4
Bng 2.8
30
Lp: 50km1
Phng n A
Phng n B
0 5 (mm)
5 10 (mm)
10 20 (mm)
Bng 2.9
2.5 So snh v phn tch phng n
Cc thng s
K hiu my nghin cng on 1
S lng
K hiu my nghin cng on 2
n v
Phng n A
Phng n B
Chic
CM-886
2
KK-900
1
KC-1750- p
1
PYZ-1750
S lng
Tng cng sut ng c
KW
360
405
187
184,3
Kw.h/ m3
2,5
2,5
0,60
0,60
178
178
T in nng tiu th
H s cht ti ca thit b kct
Nng sut
m3/h
Bng 2.10
H s cht ti ca my nghin cng on 2 c tnh theo cng thc :
Kct = Q2/Q2
Phng n A
kct =
140,4
0,60
235
Phng n B
kct =
134,7
0,60
225
31
Lp: 50km1
178
=20 mm
0-16 mm
36,4%
16-135 mm 63,6%
Qs = k1.k2.k3.m.qr.F
F =
Qs
k 1 .k 2 .k 3 .m.q r
19,6.100
53,85
36,4
32
Lp: 50km1
Thay s
Ftg1 =
178
13,6 (m2).
43.0,5.0,8.0,76.1,0
c tnh
Thng s k thut
M hiu
C - 825
2,5 6
250
Gc nghing sng
150
Tc gy rung (v/p)
13,5
30
Bng 2.6.1
Sng trung gian 2
Ta c :
F=
Trong Qs =
Qs
k 1 .k 2 .k 3 .m.q r
c
0,636
.Qtt =
.178 188,68 (m3/h)
1 q
1 0,4
qr : Nng sut ring( m3/m2.h) tra theo kch thc l sng ta c qr=43 (m3/m2.h)
m : H s k n vic np liu khng u , sn phm l m v mt sng
nghing gc 0 nn chn m= 0,5
k1=0,8 ng vi gc nghing = 150
k2=1,0 ng vi 60% ht c kch thc 0-20(mm)
ng vi 60% lt sng c 100%
36% lt sng c x%
x=
36.100
60
60
Ftg1 =
188,68
10,1 (m2).
43.0,5.0,8.1,0.1,09
33
Lp: 50km1
c tnh
Thng s k thut
M hiu
NSR - 6202
1,8 6
200
Gc nghing sng
150
60
Tc gy rung v/p
13,35
Bng 2.6.2
Sng sn phm
Chn sng phn lo i sn phm
0-20 mm
=10 mm
100 %
10-20 mm
57,8%
42,2%
=5 mm
5-10 mm
22,2%
5-10 mm
20%
Hnh 2.6.2
Sng sn phm 1 :
e = 10(mm)
Din tch mt sng
F1 =
178
k 1 .k 2 .k 3 .m.q r
34
Lp: 50km1
qr: Nng sut ring( m3/m2.h) tra theo kch thc l sng , tra bng e =
10(mm) c qr = 23 ( m3/m2.h)
m: H s k n vic np liu khng u , sn phm l m v mt sng
nghing gc 0 nn chn m= 0,5
k1 = 0,8 ng vi = 150
k2 = 1,0 ng vi 57,8% ht c dmax = 20 mm lt sng ;
ng vi 57,8% lt sng c 100%
22,2% lt sng c x%
x=
22,2.100
38,4
57,8
Ftg1 =
178
21,3 (m2)
23.0,5.0,8.1,0.0,91
c tnh
M hiu
Din tch sng m2
Nng sut (m3/h)
Gc nghing sng
Cng sut (kw)
Tc gy rung v/p
kch thc l sng mm2
Thng s k thut
NSR - 6202
1,8 6
200
150
60
13,35
10 10
Bng 2.6.3
Sng sn phm 2
Din tch mt sng
F1 =
Qsp
k 1 .k 2 .k 3 .m.q r
42,2
.178 75,12 (m3/h)
Trong Qsp =
100
35
Lp: 50km1
qr: Nng sut ring( m3/m2.h) tra theo kch thc l sng , tra bng e =
5(mm) c qr = 12 ( m3/m2.h)
m: H s k n vic np liu khng u, sn phm l m v mt sng
nghing gc 0 nn chn m = 0,5
k1 = 0,8 ng vi = 150
k3 = 0,82 chn theo kinh nghim
ng vi 57,8% lt sng c 100%
22,2% lt sng c x%
x=
22,2.100
38,4
57,8
Ftg1 =
75,12
22,7 (m2)
12.0,5.0,8.0,84.0,82
c tnh
Thng s k thut
M hiu
NSR - 6202
1,8 6
200
Gc nghing sng
150
60
Tc gy rung v/p
21,7
55
Bng 2.6.4
36
Lp: 50km1
100%
Ngin cng on 1
KKD 900 b=75 mm
36,4% (64,8m3/h)
63,6,4%
(113,2m3/h)
40% (53,88m3/h)
Ngin cng on 2
PYZ-1750 b=16 mm
10-20
57,8% (102,88 m3/h)
sn sn phm =5
5-10
22,2% (39,52 m3/h)
37
Lp: 50km1
38
Lp: 50km1
39
Lp: 50km1
F2
F1
G.tag
- f1
: H s ma st
: Gia tc ri t do
F 2 = f 2 .P ( f 2 l h s ma
r
R
40
Lp: 50km1
Hnh 3.3
41
Lp: 50km1
1 : Trc dn ng.
3 : Nn nghin.
5 : Ming thu.
7 : Thn nn c nh.
9 : Mt bch.
2 : Thn nn ng
4 : a phn phi .
6 : Nn nghin c nh.
8 : Vng ta
10 : L xo
12 : hnh cu.
14 : Trc dn ng.
15 : Bc lch tm.
16 : trung tm.
17 : Lt bc ng.
18 : Bc lt.
19 : Vng chn.
Cm nn di ng gm trc (1) , thn nn (2) v nn nghin (3) c
lm t thp hp kim mangan.
Khe h gia cc b mt nn nghin v thn nn c in y bng
km hoc va xi mng, nn nghin khng b un hay bin dng khi lm vic.
Nn nghin kp cht vi thn bng m c hoc c cu kp c a phn
phi (4). Thn nn di ng t vo nn hnh cu (12) qua vng lt ng
thanh (11).
u di ca trc t vo l lch tm ca bc lch tm (15) . Trc
nghing vi thn my (1) gc lch
2 2 ,5
0 . Bc lt (18) c p vo l
lch tm.
Bnh rng nn (13) p cht vo bc lch tm (15) v n khp vi bnh
rng nn ch ng (14) . Cc vng chn (19) bng thp hoc ng tip nhn ti
trng thng ng ca c cm bc lch tm v bnh rng truyn vo np ca
thn my.
Vng ta (18) lp ghp vi mt bch (9) ca thn my bng ma st to ra
bi cc l xo (10) . Vng ta (8) cn lp ghp vi thn nn c nh (7) bng ren .
Mt trong ca thn nn c nh lp ghp vi nn nghin c nh (6) . Khe h gia
cc b mt ta ca nn c nh c in y bng km hoc va xi mng .
42
Lp: 50km1
Di
: l=3910 (mm).
: h=3809 (mm)
43
Lp: 50km1
Dmax 135
159 (mm).
0,85
0,85
sin f . cos
D
= 3,6
Chn n = 4 v/s.
Thay s Q = 3600.0,019.0,65.4 = 177,8 m3 /h.
Sinh vin: H Xun Hi
44
Lp: 50km1
45
Lp: 50km1
A-A
Q.Cos2
Q
Q2
Q1
Q2
GK
Q.Cos2
B
Qc
Hnh 3. 4 S xc nh lc nghin
Tng lc Q tc tc ng ln cn ng xc nh theo cng thc
V.A.Oolepski:
Q = 46 F 104 (N)
Phn tch thnh hai thnh phn Q1 theo phng ngang v Q2 theo
phng ng.
Ta c Q1 = Q.cos 2 = 46.F. cos 2 = 46.F. cos380 = 31,5.F.104 (N)
Q2 = Q. sin 2 = 46.F. sin 2 = 46.F. sin380 = 25.F.104 (N)
2 l gc nghing cn ng trong my nghin cn nghin va .
46
Lp: 50km1
b
a
RE
RC
Hnh 3.4
B qua trng lng bn thn cn ng nn ch cn 3 lc tc ng : Q, Rc,
Re . V chng phi ng quy ti A:
Rc =
Q l1
lc
1408750 1510
= 704375 (N)
3020
= 15,16 (N/mm).
0,1 d 3
0,1 1653
47
Lp: 50km1
idai
i
inon .ihgt
Trong :
ndc
3000
12,5
I =
nbac 60 4
ihgt = 3 (chn theo bng 2.4_TTTK1, chn cho HGT bnh rng 1 cp).
inon = 2 (chn theo TTTK1).
Vy t s truyn ca bnh ai l:
idai =
12,5
= 2,083.
3 2
n dc
3000
= 480 (v/p).
idai ihgt 3 2,083
ndc 3000
1000 (v/p).
nhgt
3
48
Lp: 50km1
.D1 .ndc
60.1000
3,14.300.1000
15,7 (m/s) Vmax = 25 (m/s).
60.1000
idai .D1
1
2,083.300
= 637,7 (mm).
1 0,02
Sai s thc t :
u =
D2
600
2,04 .
1 .D1 (1 0,02).300
i dai u
2 , 083 2 , 04
. 100 %
. 100 % 2 %( 4 %)
i dai
2 , 083
nn
tha mn.
Tnh chiu di ai
49
Lp: 50km1
( D1 D2 ) 2
(mm).
4.a
(300 600) 2
3134,25 (mm).
4.720
( D2 D1 ).57
(600 300).57
180 0
156,3 120 min (ai si tng
a
720
hp).
Tnh s dy ai.
iu kin theo cng thc trang 60[3]
Z
1000.N
v. p .C t .C .C v .F
p 0
: l cng sut cho php tra bng 4.19 trang 62, ni suy ta c p
: =9,15
(kW).
Ct : l h s k n nh hng ca s phn b khng u ti trng cho cc dy
ai, tra bng 4.18 trang 61 c Ct=0,80.
C : l h s k n nh hng ca gc m , tra bng 4.15 vi 1 156,3 ta c C =
0,93.
Cv : l h s k n nh hng ca vn tc, Cv=0,70.
F : l din tch tit din ai, F=230 (mm2).
Z
1000.160
9,3
15,7.9,15.0,80.0,93.0,70.230
chn Z = 12 ai.
50
Lp: 50km1
ng knh bnh ai :
D11 = D1+2.h0 = 314,5+2.5,7 = 325,9 (mm).
Xc nh lc cng ban u v lc tc dng ln trc:
Theo cng thc 4.19[5] ta tnh lc cng ban u theo cng thc sau:
F0
Trong :
780.P1 .k d
Fv
v.C .z
4.22).
Fv =0,178.15,72 = 43,88 N, do
F0
780.1,25.147,5
43,88 864,7( N )
15,7.0,93.12
3000
240(v / p ).
2.2,083.2
160.
3185.10 3 ( N .mm).
480
51
Lp: 50km1
H H lim
Chn s b ZRZVKxH = 1
S H Z R Z V K xH K mL ;
H H lim K HL
SH
KHL=
mH
N HO N HE vi mH = 6.
N HE 60.c.( ni / u i ). t i . (T1 ) 3
c: S ln n khp trong mt vng quay.
Ti , ni, ti : Ln lt l mmen xon , s vng quay v tng s gi lm vic
ch i ca bnh rng ang xt.
3
N HE 2 60.c.(n1 / u1 ). t i . T1
570.1
770.1
518,2 MPa
700 MPa ; [H]2=
1,1
1,1
52
Lp: 50km1
mF
N FO N FE vi mF = 6.
Trong :
mF: Bc ca ng cong mi khi th v un.
NFO: S chu k thay i ng sut c s khi th v un.
NFO = 4. 10 6 v vt liu l thp 45,
NEE: S chu k thay i ng sut tng ng.
m
N FE 60.c.(ni / u i ). t i . Ti / T1 F .t i / t ck
c : S ln n khp trong mt vng quay.
Ti , ni, ti : Ln lt l mmen xon , s vng quay v tng s gi lm vic
ch i ca bnh rng ang xt.
ti= 41000 (gi) l tng thi gian lm vic ca b truyn
53
Lp: 50km1
[F]max = 0,8.ch
Bnh 1 : F1 Max = 0,8 . ch1 = 0,8 . 580 = 464 MPa
Bnh 2 : F2 Max = 0,8 . ch2 = 0,8 . 580 = 464 MPa
Xc nh s b chiu di cn ngoi :
Theo cng thc (6.52a) :
Re =
2.Re
u2 1
2.365
22 1
= 28
ng knh chia ngoi bnh ln:
de2= z2.m=130.6=780 (mm).
Vi HB = 350 , z1 = 1,3.z1p = 1,6.28 = 44,8 ; chn z1=46
ng knh trung bnh v m un trung bnh :
dm1 = ( 1- 0,5.Kbe)de1 = (1- 0,5.0,25).330 = 288,75 (mm).
mtm=dm1/z1 = 288,75/46 =6,28 mm
M un vng ngoi , theo (6.56) :
mte = mtm/(1- 0,5Kbe) = 6,28/(1- 0,5.0,25) = 7,18 mm
Theo bng 6.8 ly theo tr s tiu chun mte = 6 mm , do :
54
Lp: 50km1
Chiu di cn ngoi :
2
2
2
2
Re = 0,5.mte z1 z 2 0,5.6 64 130 435 (mm)
2.T1 K H u m2 1
0,85.b.d m21u m
(1)
HDCK(3).
Theo bng 6.12 vi xt = x1 + x2 = 0 , ZH = 1,76
Theo (6.59a) Z = (4 ) / 3 =
(4 1,81) / 3 0,85
55
Lp: 50km1
2.T1 K F .Y .Y .YF 1
F1 =
0,85.b.mtm .d m1
[F1]
F F g 0 .v d m1 (u 1) / u
F = 0,016 bng (6.15)
Trong :
g0 = 62
bng (6.16)
Do :
KFv = 1 + F .b.dm1/(2.T1.KF.KF)
KFv = 1 + 27,3.116,75.357/(2.3185.103.1,07.1) = 1,04
Sinh vin: H Xun Hi
56
Lp: 50km1
KF = 1.1,07.1,04 = 1,11
Vi rng thng Y =1
Vi = 1,81 Y =1/1,81 = 0,55
S rng tng ng :
zt1 = z1/cos1 = 64/0,897 = 71
zt2 = z2/cos2 = 130/0,448 = 290
Vi x1 = 0 , x2 = 0 tra bng 6.18 ta c : YF1 = 3,6 , YF2 = 3,6
Thay cc gi tr va tnh c vo (6.65) :
2.3185.10 3.1,16.0,55.3,6
78,66 MPa < [F1]=464 MPa
F1 =
0,85.116,75.357.5,25
Re = 435 (mm)
M un vng ngoi
mte = 6 mm
b = 116,75 mm
T s truyn
um= 2,03
Gc nghing ca rng
=0
z1 =64 , z2 = 130
x1 = 0 , x2 = 0
Gc cn chia
1 =26021 , 2 =64039
57
Lp: 50km1
Theo cc cng thc trong bng 6.19 trang 111 TTTK HDCK (3). Ta c
Chiu cao rng ngoi
he =13,2
hae=7,2
hfe = 6
dae= 342,9 mm
Gc chn rng
f arctg (h fe / Re ) 0,79
Gc cn nh
a 27
Gc cn y
f 25,42
dm =386 mm
nI
3000
= 1000 vg/ph
u nh
3
n 1000
= 480 vg/ph
u dai 2,08
58
Lp: 50km1
TI = 9,55. 106.
NI
160
9,55.10 6.
509333,3 N. mm.
nI
3000
N II
147,56
9,55.10 6.
1409198 N.mm.
n II
1000
N III
140,27
9,55.10 6.
2790788,5 N.mm.
n III
480
N ct
160
9,55.10 6.
6366667 N.mm.
nct
240
Trc
ng c
Khp
Thng s
N(kW)
n (vg/ph)
T(N.mm)
II
Uhop = 3
160
155,23
3000
1000
509333,3 509333,3
147,56
480
1409198
III
Udai = 2,08
Lm vic
Ubr =2
140,27
480
2790788,5
133,34
240
6366667
Bng 3.5.1
Chn vt liu ch to l thp 45, c b 850 Mpa, ch 580 Mpa
S lc tc dng:
870
Hnh 3.5.1
Chn khp ni:
59
Lp: 50km1
- Loi ni trc n hi .
- Ti trc IV c mmem xon TIV = 6366667 (N.mm)
- Tra bng 16.10a kch thc c bn ca ni trc vng n hi c tra
theo mmem xon
Thit k trc
S liu cho trc:
Cng sut trn trc vo ca hp gim tc: N = 160 KW
S vng quay n1= 3000 v/ph
T s truyn unh= 3, ud= 2
[]= 12...30 Mpa
3.5.1 Xc nh s b ng knh trc
Theo cng thc 10.9 ng knh trc th k vi k =14:
Tk
(mm)
0,2
dk 3
T1 509333,3 N .mm
15MPa
=> d1 3
509333,3
55,4 (mm)
0,2.15
Chn d1= 55, tra bng 10.2 , ta c chiu chiu rng ln b0 = 29 mm.
15MPa
=> d 2 3
1409198
77,7 (mm)
0,2.15
T3 2790788,5 N .m
15MPa
=>
d3 3
2790788,5
97,6 (mm)
0,2.15
T4 6376667 N .m
15MPa
=>
d4 3
6376667
128,6 (mm)
0,2.15
60
Lp: 50km1
(0,2...0,3).2.6376667
23187,9 34781,8 (N).
110
Fa: Lc dc trc;
Trong :
b) Lc tc dng ln bnh rng cn :
Ft1 =
2TIV 2.6376667
37956,4 (N)= Ft 2
d m1
336
13284,7
61
Lp: 50km1
02
01
d m1
336
18633,9.
3130495,2( N .mm).
2
2
Ft1. .350
46642,3( N ).
870
Ft1. .1220
162581,7( N ).
870
M
M
01
02
Fr1 .350 M 1
11630( N )
870
Fr1 .1220 M 1
49483,2( N )
870
4652,3
3130,5
62
Lp: 50km1
d 01 3
M tdo1
14334500
3
142(mm) ( tra bng 10.5_[3]).
0,1.
0,1.50
s s .s / s2 s2 s
(1)
1
k
. a . m
.
;
1
k
. a . m
.
(2)
-1 = 0,25b
63
Lp: 50km1
k = 2,32
H s kch thc :
Vi d = 150 mm , vt liu trc l thp cc bon, tra bng 10.10 : = 0,7 , = 0,7
H s nh hng ca kch thc trung bnh : vi thp cc bon : = 0,1 , = 0,05
Trc c mi do h s tp trung ng sut do b mt khng nhn : k = k = 1
Trc khng c tng bn do
=1
a = max = M/W
b.t1 (d t1 ) 2
W=
32
2.d
.d 3
ng sut xon c coi nh thay i theo chu k mch ng ( khi trc quay 1
chiu):
a = m = 0,5.max = 0,5.T/W0
W0 : m men cn xon , gi tr tnh theo cng thc trong bng 10.6
W0 =
.d 3
16
685013,7
2.d
16
2.150
64
Lp: 50km1
a = m = 0,5.TII/W1 = 0,5.6376667/685013,7 =
4,7MPa
Thay cc gi tr tm c vo (2) ta c :
s
365,5
5,33
2,32
.20,7
1.0,7
212,5
1,7
.4,7 0,05.4,7
1.0,7
18,24
Thay s v s vo (1) ta c :
s
5,33.18,24
5,33 2 18,24 2
td 2 3. 2
65
Lp: 50km1
d1
2.T
2.6376667
97,2 MPa
d .l t1 .( h t1 ) 150.125.(18 11)
d2
2.T
2.6376667
89,97 MPa
d .l t 2 .( h t1 ) 150.135.(18 11)
: [] = 100 MPa
Nh vy:
c1
2.T
2.6376667
21,26 MPa
d .l t1 .b 150.125.32
c2
2.T
2.6376667
19,68 MPa
d .l t 2 .b 150.135.32
Vi ti trng va p nh [] = 90 MPa
Nh vy : < [] i vi c hai then.
Kt lun : mi ghp then tho mn c iu kin dp v iu kin ct ,do
then lm vic bn .
3.6 Thit k cc cm l xo
3.6.1 Xc nh cng l xo
L xo l b phn gim chn cng nh l c cu an ton ca my
nghin nn. L xo c lp xung quanh nn nghin nhm to lc nn
ban u p cm nn tnh v cm nn ng vo vi nhau. Khi gp vt
liu ln c cng ln, my nghin b kt th ta iu chnh lc nn ca l
xo vt liu ri xung thng cha.
Chnh v vy m l xo cn m bo cng v n hi cn thit.
Theo my c s ta chn loi l xo: xon c tr, vt liu ch to l thp
nhiu cc bon c cc s liu nh sau:
Sinh vin: H Xun Hi
66
Lp: 50km1
Loi thp
650
Nhit
ti, C
Nhit
ram, C
840
480
Gii hn
bn
Gii hn chy
Gii hn bn ct
Gii hn mi
ch MPa
c MPa
1 MPa
800
870
350
1000
Khi tnh chi tit gim chn , tn s dao ng ring ca my nghin theo
phng ng y 2 3,5Hz. chn y 2.15Hz
Do vic chn trc r nn cng chung ca l xo thp c tnh theo
cng thc:
K
G.( 2 . y ) 2
g
G.(2 . y ) 2
g
1815111.(2. .2,15) 2
. 337310867 ( N / m)
9,81
K 337310867
562184,8( N / m)
Z
60
E.d 4
Mt khc K y
8.n.D 3
Trong :
+ E l m un n hi ca vt liu l xo khi xon (N/m2),
E=8.1010 (N/m2).
+ d l ng knh dy l xo,chn d=35 mm.
+ D l ng knh trung bnh ca l xo, chn D =120,4 mm.
+ n l s vng lm vic ca l xo.
Ed 4
8.1010.0,035 4
n
14
8.D 3 .K y 8.0,124 3.562184,8
67
Lp: 50km1
Ky
2
h
1,44. .0,043. 0,256
D
Trong :
+ l h s tnh n ti trng dc trc, khi chuyn v ngang theo bng
chn =1,1.
+h l chiu cao lm vic ca l xo(m)
m bo qu o chuyn ng v bin dao ng nh trc,
m bo iu kin gim chn tt nht cho my, mt trong nhng iu kin
cn l cng theo phng ng v phng ngang bng nhau(Kx=Ky).
Ta tnh c chiu cao lm vic ca l xo:
2
h
1,44. .0,043.
0,256 1 h 0,750(m)
0,124
3.6.2 Cc thng s ca l xo
+ ng knh dy l xo:
d= 35(mm)
n=14(vng)
+ S vng thc t ca l xo
n=15 (vng)
+ S cm l xo
5 cm
+ S l xo trong mi cm
12
+ Tng s l xo
60
Chuyn v ln nht ca l xo :
0,380(m)
E.d 4
8.1010.0,035 4
1,4.
1,4.296
35
64,6(mm)
n
14
Gc nng ca l xo :
68
Lp: 50km1
arctg
t
64,6
arctg
9,7
.D
.120,4
69
Lp: 50km1
Hnh 4.1
Sinh vin: H Xun Hi
70
Lp: 50km1
N M N tt
x100%
NM
ng c NM < 75 (kW) th Ks 10 l t, nu NM 75 kW th Ks 5 l t.
4.2.2 Chn cng sut ng c cho t hp
- Cng sut tnh ton: Ntt = 160kW.
- Da vo bng 2P. Ti liu /10/ trang 322, chn ng c c cc s liu sau:
K hiu: A02 72 4;
Cng sut nh mc: N = 175 kW;
Tc quay ca trc: n = 1460vg/ph;
H s an ton: K s
175 160
x100% 8,6%
175
N tt
160
.100%
.100% 91,4%
N dm
175
Cc thng s nh mc ca ng c:
+ Tc nh mc: nm = 1460. v/ph
+ in p nh mc: Um = 380V
+ Hiu sut nh mc: m = 91%
+ H s cng sut cosm = 86%
+ Mmen m my: Mm = 1320N.m
4.2.3 Tnh chn cc cng sut P, Q, S
71
Lp: 50km1
NM
, (KW);
P
, (KVA);
cos
NM
175
192,3 (KW);
0,91
P
192,3
223,6 (KVA);
cos 0,86
Thit b
( KW )
(KVAR)
(KVA)
192,3
114,1
223,6
ng c
4.3.1 Chn my bin p
Chn my bin p theo iu kin:
S dmB
Sm
ba
Sm
ba
223,6
263,1 (KVA)
0,85
72
Lp: 50km1
Stt
v U dmA U dmmd
3U dm
Trong :
+Um.m - in p nh mc ca mng in
+Um.m =380(V) vi ptmt 3 pha,
Ta c: I dmA I lv max I tt
S tt
3U dm
223,6
3.0,38
339,7( A) .
Chn my ct ng ct cho cho my bin p l my ct k hiu: BM-1050 tiu chun C-687-41 do LIN X ch to, bng PL III.6. Ti liu /6/
trang 265 C:
Im =350(A); Udm= 10 (KV)
Chn ptmt loi C60H do Merlin Gerin ch to, bng PL IV.1. Ti liu /6/
trang 282, c:
Im= 63(A); Udm= 440(V)
Chn cp ng 3 li cch in XLPE, ai thp, v PVC do hng
FURUKAWA ch to, bng PL V.4. Ti liu /13/ trang 303, tit din 1 li d =
3,7mm c
4.4 Khi ng ng c
4.4.1 Dng in khi khi ng ng c khng ng b ba pha
S thay th gn ng ca ng c.
I1
Rn=R1+R'2
Xn=X1+X'2
I'2
U1
R'2(1-s)/s
Hnh 4.2
73
Lp: 50km1
Dng in theo s gn ng :
I1 =
U1
R'
( R1 2 ) 2 ( X 1 X 2 ) 2
s
I2
U1
( R1 R' 2 ) 2 ( X 1 X 2 ) 2
V in tr phn ng ca ng c l rt nh nn Ik Im thng
Ik=(57)Im. Dng in ny s lm cho ng c lm vic khng an ton , ngoi
ra cn gy st p cho c h thng.
Chnh v th ta phi c cch lm hn ch dng khi ng m bo
Ik 2,5Im.
4.4.2 Cc gii php khi ng ng c
4.4.2.1 Khi ng mm
Dng phn t in t Tiristornhm gim in p theo yu cu m my
nh iu chnh gc m ca Tiristor do dng khi ng gim.
U(Vol)
t
Hnh 4.3
4.4.2.2 Dng in khng ni tip vo mch Stato
74
Lp: 50km1
D1
D2
DK
Hnh 4.4
4.4.2.3 Dng my bin p t ngu
in p mng t vo ng c qua in khng my bin p. Thay i v tr
con chy cho lc m my in p t vo ng c nh, sau dch con chy
tng dn ln n in p nh mc. Gi k l h s ca my bin p, U1 l in p
pha ca li in, Zn l tng tr ng c lc m my:
- in p pha t vo ng c khi m my l:
U dc
U1
k
U dc
U
1
Zn
k .Z n
I dc
I dc
U
2 1
k
k .Z n
75
Lp: 50km1
Y.
IY
AZ
Up
Up
Ud
Ud
CY
BX
Hnh 4.5
Sau khi chuyn / in p v cng dng khi ng gim 3 ln.
4.4.2.5 Dng in tr ph
Khi m my, dy qun rto c ni
tip vi bin tr m my. u tin bin
tr ln nht sau gim dn n khng.
Sta to
R m
Chi tha n
Rto
v nh trt
76
Lp: 50km1
Mm
Cun
khng
Bin p
t ngu
in tr
ph (bin
tr)
Imm/Im Mmm/Mm
25
1,32,6
1,52,6
1,32,6
< 2,5
u im
Nhc im
- in p b bm nh,
gy nhiu lon ln li
in.
0,20,5
-n gin, kinh t,
chc chn.
-iu chnh c
khi lm vic.
-Khng cng knh.
-M my m
-n gin, kinh t,
chc chn.
0,40,8
-Dng m
khng ln
0,10,7
0,20,5
< 2,5
my
-n gin, kinh t,
chc chn.
-B m my n
gin
-T l M/I rt tt.
-C th iu chnh
M,I khi m my.
-Khi m my dng
khng b gin on.
-Dng m my vn cn
ln.
-Mmen m my gim,
-Chi ph cao.
-Kh t ng ha
-Cng knh
-Mmen m my yu.
-Khng c kh nng iu
chnh.
-Ngt ngun t ngt, m
my khng m
-ng c t tin.
-Cn in tr ph.
-Cn ch bo dng
chi in.
77
Lp: 50km1
Hnh 4.7
* Nguyn l lm vic:
ng p t mt A, n sng bo h thng c in, n nt m M cng
tc t K, r le thi gian Rtg c in v n xanh sng. Nh c thi gian bn thn
ca cc rle dng in 1RG, 2RG nh hn thi gian bn thn ca rle Rtg m cc
rle 1RG, 2RG tc ng m cc tip im thng ng ca chng l 1RG, 2RG
trc khi tip im Rtg ng vo. iu ny m bo cho cc cng tc t 1G, 2G
khng c in cc tip im 1G, 2G ca chng trng thi m, do ng c
c khi ng vi ton b hai cp in tr ph ni tip vi mch rto.
Khi tc ng c tng n tr s 1 no th dng in m my gim xung
gi tr I1, dng I1 tc ng nh rle dng in 1RG ng cc tip im 1RG
78
Lp: 50km1
vic
79
Lp: 50km1
Hnh 4.8
80
Lp: 50km1
81
Lp: 50km1
82
Lp: 50km1
83
Lp: 50km1
84
Lp: 50km1
Mc lc
Li ni u ............................................................................................................................... 1
Chng 1. Tm hiu cng ngh khai thc v gia cng
xy dng ti Vit Nam. .............................................................................................. 3
1.1 M ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Cng ngh khai thc ......................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Cng tc khoan................................................................................................................ 7
1.2.2 c im ca mt s phng php khoan hay dng v u
nhc im ca tng loi ................................................................................................. 9
1.2.3 Cng tc n mn ............................................................................................................ 10
1.2.4 Cc phng php lm n lng thuc ............................................................ 12
1.3 Gii thiu mt bng m v s quy hoch ......................................... 14
1.4 Gii thiu cng ngh gia cng - nghin . .......................................... 15
1.4.1 Khi nim chung v vt liu nghin v qu trnh nghin ....................... 17
1.4.2. La chn cc phng php nghin v cc thit b km theo ................ 18
1.4.3. La chn my nghin s b trong phng n nghin chn ...... 18
CHNG 2. LP DY CHUYN CNG NGH CHO TRM NGHIN SNG
RM XY DNG................................................................................................................. 21
2.1 Chn s s b cng ngh sn xut............................................................................... 21
2.2 Chn my nghin cng on 1 .......................................................................................... 21
2.2.1 Chn loi my .............................................................................................................. 21
2.2.2 Tnh kch thc ca x cho my nghin cng on 1............................................. 23
2.2.3 Tnh ton thnh phn ht ca sn phm cng on nghin 1 ................................ 23
2.3 Chn my nghin cng on 2 .......................................................................................... 26
2.3.1 Chn my nghin.......................................................................................................... 26
2.3.2 Xc nh kch thc ca x cho my nghin cng on 2 cho c 2 phng
n. .............................................................................................................................................. 27
2.3.3 Tnh thnh phn ht ca rm vi kch thc ca x 16 (mm) .......................... 28
85
Lp: 50km1
2.4 Tnh tng thnh phn ht ca sn phm thu c c hai cng on ........................ 30
2.5 So snh v phn tch phng n ......................................................................................... 31
2.6 Tnh chn sng ..................................................................................................................... 32
CHNG 3. TNH TON, THIT K MY NGHIN NN NGHIN VA
CHO CNG ON 2 TRM NGHIN SNG SN XUT RM ............................. 38
3.1 M t my thit k ............................................................................................................... 41
3.2 Cc thng s c bn ca my thit k ............................................................................. 43
3.3 Tnh cc thng s c bn ca my .................................................................................... 44
3.3.1 Thng s hnh hc ........................................................................................................ 44
3.3.2 Nng sut ....................................................................................................................... 44
3.3.3 Xc nh cng sut dn ng ng c ...................................................................... 45
3.3.4 Lc nghin .................................................................................................................... 45
3.3.5 Tnh bn trc chnh....................................................................................................... 47
3.4 Tnh ton b truyn............................................................................................................. 48
3.4.1 Phn phi t s truyn................................................................................................. 48
3.4.2 Tnh chn b truyn ai. .............................................................................................. 48
3.4.3 Tnh ton b truyn bnh rng nn. ........................................................................... 51
3.5 Tnh ton trc........................................................................................................................ 58
3.5.1 Xc nh s b ng knh trc .............................................................................. 60
3.5.2 Tnh cc lc tc dng ln cc b truyn ............................................................... 60
3.5.3 Kim nghim trc v bn tnh ........................................................................... 65
3.5.4 Chn then v tnh mi ghp then ............................................................................ 65
3.6 Thit k cc cm l xo...................................................................................................... 66
3.6.1 Xc nh cng l xo ............................................................................................. 66
3.6.2 Cc thng s ca l xo .............................................................................................. 68
3.6.3 kim tra l xo theo va chm .................................................................................... 69
Chng 4 Thit k h thng in iu khin t hp
trm nghin sng............................................................................................................. 70
Sinh vin: H Xun Hi
86
Lp: 50km1
87
Lp: 50km1