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Binomial
Normal
Distribution Distribution
Binomial Distribution:
n
P ( m,n ) = m p m q (n m ) ,
(2)
p + q = 1 , where
(3)
Normal Distribution:
(4)
m
h
,
= np ,
(5)
(Binomial Distribution Mean)
m! 2 m m m e m
n
1
n
n!
2 m(n m )
m!(n m )!
P(m,n )
1
1
2 m(n m)
1 of 2
m
m
n n
.
m n m
m
n m)
n p n q (
m n m
(6)
(7)
np m nq ( n m )
.
2 (n pq ) m n m
1
m = np+ h npq
(n m ) = nq h n p q
to obtain result
m (n m )
pq
pq
q h
= n p + h
n
n
n
n pq .
x2
Then, use expansion of ln(1+ x ) x , about x=0 to evaluate Eq. 1, using 2 n pq Prob. (h )
2
as:
= ln
m n m
q
1 h p
= (n p + h n pq )ln 1+ h
ln
+
n
q
h
n
pq
(
)
n p
nq
q
h2 q
p
h2 p
(n p + h n pq ) h
h
+
nq
h
n
p
q
(
) n q 2n q
n p 2n p
h2
h2
+ q h2 + h n p q p
= h n pq q
+ ph 2
2
2
h2 h2
= (p + q)
=
.
123 2
2
1
e ( )
e ( )
Prob. (h) =
=
. QED!
2 n p q 2
h2 2
2 of 2
h2 2