lqjfHk%

(mebmke=leme HeedeHegmlekeced)
(ke#ee<e<er)

HekeeMeve efJeYeeie

[er.S.Jeer. kee@uespe HeyebOeke$eea meefceefle

efe$eiegHle ceeie&, veF& efouueer110055

Devegkece
Hee efJe<eee

He=<e*dkee

HeeLe&vee

HeLece Hee

Hegj Hegj Heie js

JeekejCeced

mebmke=le JeCe&ceeuee [Sanskrit Alphabet]

efleere Hee

cece efHee efJeeeuee

11

JeekejCeced

Sleled, leled SJeb efkeced (meJe&veece-Meyoeveeb Heeesie)

17

[Use of Pronouns This, That and What)]

le=leere Hee

elJeeefj efHeeefce$eeefCe

JeekejCeced Demceodeg<ceodmeJe&veeceHeeefCe

[Forms of Pronouns I, You]

elegLe& Hee

ceOegje Mueeskee

JeekejCeced MeyoHeeefCe [Forms of WordsNouns]

23
35

38
45

keejkeme Heefjee [Introduction to Cases]

52

He_ece Hee

peues DeefHe Jemeefvle peerJee

54

JeekejCeced Jeeveced [Numbers]

59

OeelegHeeefCe [VerbForms]

63

Hegefuueced [Masculine Gender]

68

<e< Hee

Jeerjyeeefuekee ieg_pevemekemesvee

71

JeekejCeced

ue*d uekeej (Yetlekeeue) [Past Tense]

76

m$eerefueced [Feminine Gender]

80

meHlece Hee

Hensefuekee

JeekejCeced GHemeiee& [Prefixes]

82
87

DeJeeHeoeefve [Indeclinable Words]

88

De<ce Hee

Oevee ceeleg ceefncee

93

JeekejCeced MeyoHeeefCe [Forms of WordsNouns]

98

veJece Hee

``efmeefkekece'' HeosMeme meewvoe&ced

103

JeekejCeced

ue=duekeej (YeefJe<eled keeue) [Future Tense]

108

veHegbmekeefueced [Neuter Gender]

111

oMece Hee

eesie efMe<e

114

JeekejCeced GHeHeo-efJeYeefkele

120

SkeeoMe Hee

122

ceOegjeefCe Jeeveeefve

JeekejCeced Helee [Suffix]

me*dKee [Numbers]

128
129

izkFkZuk

mJeefmle HevLeecevegejsce
metee&evcemeeefJeJe~
Hegveo&oleeIvelee
peevelee meb iecesceefn~~
1

iqj% iqj% izxPN js

HeLece
Hee

Hegj Hegj Heie js

Heieee ceele=Jevoveced~

mJe-pevce-Yetefce j#eCes

He Jeerj! peerJeveced~~

efMej keg mecegvveleced

leJeemleg cee keJeefeod Yeeced~

Hegj Hegj Heie js

Heieee ceele=Jevoveced~~

jCes Oe=efle megkeewMeueced

HeJeOe&leeced ceveesyeueced~

megefveefMele peemleJe

keg mJeOece&Heeueveced~~

Hegj Hegj Heie js

Heieee ceele=Jevoveced~~
2

'kCnkFkkZ% Word-Meaning
Hegj Hegj

Deeies-Deeies

ahead

Heie

ye{les euees

go

Heieee

ieeDees

sing

ceele=Jevoveced

ceele=Jevovee

motherland's prayer

mJe

DeHeveer

self

j#eCes

j#ee ceW

in defence

Hee

oes

give

efMej

efmej

head

mecegvveleced

TBee

high

leJe

legcneje

your

Demleg

nes

be

keJeefeod

keesF&

any

jCes

eg ceW

in war

Oe=efle

Oewe&

patience

megkeewMeueced

Dee keewMeue

good skill

HeJeOe&leeced

ye{eles jnes

increase

ceveesyeueced

ceveesyeue

mental strength

pee

efJepee

win

keg

kejes

do

mJeOece&Heeueveced

DeHeves Oece& kee Heeueve

obey your duties

vH;kl%
1. efe$eb <dJee efueKevleg `Deeced' DeLeJee `ve'
(i)
efkeced Sles Jeerje yeeuee meefvle?

(ii) efkeced meJex<eeb nmles je<^OJepe Deefmle?

------------------Deeced
-------------------

(iii) efkeced Sles Jeerjyeeuee Deies-Deies ieefvle?

-------------------

(iv) efkeced De$e He_e (5) yeeuee meefvle?

-------------------

(v) efkeced Sles Jeerjyeeuee Hemevvee meefvle?

-------------------

(vi) efkeced Sles<eeb o=ef< Deies Deefmle?

-------------------

(vii) efkeced Sles<eeb ceveefme Yeeced Deefmle?

-------------------

2. efe$eb <dJee Heeeled GHeegkeleHeoeefve efelJee Jeekeeeefve Hetjevleg

Hegj Hegj -------------------------------------- js

Heieee --------------------------------------~

mJe-pevce-Yetefce --------------------------------------

Hee Jeerj! --------------------------------------~

 jCes -------------------------------------- megkeewMeueced

HeJeOe&leeced --------------------------------------~

-------------------------------------- peemleJe

keg ------------------------------------------~

3. Gefeleb MeyoeLe efelJee efueKevleg

(i) Hegj Hegj

-----------------------------

efJepee

(ii) Hee

-----------------------------

Deies-Deies

(iii) pee

-----------------------------

He=LJeer

(iv) Yetefce

-----------------------------

egs

(v) jCes

-----------------------------

osefn

QQ

cetueelceke HeMve
YeJevle Sleled ieerleced DeHeved~ Sleled ieerleb osMeYeefkeleb Heefle Hesjeefle~ `YeJevle mJeosMeee efkeb efkeb keleg&ced MekevegJeefvle'
Fefle Jeovleg efueKevleg e

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------QQ

ieefleefJeefOe
DeOe HeoemLeeves je<^OJepeb efvecee&e Gefelew JeCez Hetjevleg

O;kdj.ke ~
mebmke=le JeCe&ceeuee
[Sanskrit Alphabet]

laLr&o.kZekyk
Lojk%

O;tukfu

(Vowels)

(Consonants)

gzLo&Lojk%

nh?kZ&Lojk%

(Short vowels)

QQ

QQ

(Long vowels)

mJeje
mJe-mJeje

De

$e+

ue=

oerIe&-mJeje

Dee

F&

$e+==

Je_peveeefve

Ss

Dees

Deew

mebegkele-Je_peveeefve

ke-Jeie&

ked Ked ied Ied *d

#e =ked+ <ed + De

e-Jeie&

ed d ped Ped _ed

$e =led+ jd + De

-Jeie&

d d [d {d Ced

%e =ped+ _ed + De

le-Jeie&

led Led od Oed ved

He-Jeie&

Hed Hed yed Yed ced

DevlemLee

ed jd ued Jed

G<cee

Med <ed med nd

QQ

cee$ee-DeJeyeesOeveced
JeCee& cee$ee JeCe& + cee$ee
De

ke
=ked+ De

Dee

e kee
=ked+ Dee

ef efke
=ked+ F

F&

er keer
=ked+ F&

g keg
=ked+ G

t ket
=ked+ T

$e+

= ke=
=ked+ $e+

$e+== == ke== =ked+ $e+==

S

s kes
=ked+ S

Ss

w kew
=ked+ Ss

Dees

es kees
=ked+ Dees

Deew

ew keew
=ked+ Deew

Deb

b keb
=ked+ Deb

De

ke
=ked+ De

vH;kl%
1. JeCe&-efJeveemeb kegJe&vleg (Disjoin the letters)

= ------= ------= ------jd +-------G Meer = ------Med +-------F& eew

ed +-------Deew
d +-------De
= -------+-------- <es = -------+-------- lew
= -------+-------- efce
= -------+-------Oee = -------+-------- Hees = -------+--------
= -------+-------- le=
= -------+-------er = -------+-------- ves = -------+-------- [b
= -------+-------- Je== = -------+-------ie = -------+-------- ee = -------+-------- efle
= -------+-------- ceer
= -------+-------Je= = -------+-------- Les = -------+-------- Oees
= -------+-------- Heew
= -------+-------8

 2. JeCe&-eespeveb kegJe&vleg (Join the letters)

Ded + led + jd + De

-----------------------------De$e

(eneB, here)

ked + G + led + jd + De

------------------------------

(keneB, where)

led + De + led + jd + De

------------------------------

(JeneB, there)

med + De + od + Dee

------------------------------

(ncesMee, always)

ed + De + od + Dee

------------------------------

(peye, when)

led + De + od + Dee

------------------------------

(leye, then)

ked + De + od + Dee

------------------------------

(keye, when)

ed + De + od + F

------------------------------

(Deiej, if)

3. GoenjCeevegmeejb kegJe&vleg

DeOegvee (Deye, now)

= -----------------------------------------------De + Oed + G + ved + Dee

= -----------------------------------------------De + Hed + F

DeefHe (Yeer, also)

DeLeJee (ee, or)

= -----------------------------------------------= ------------------------------------------------

Dele (FmeefueS, therefore)

Deeced (neB, yes)
Gew

= -----------------------------------------------= ------------------------------------------------

(]peesj mes, loudly)

Mevew (Oeerjs, slowly)

= -----------------------------------------------= ------------------------------------------------

SJe (ner, only)

Skeoe

(Ske yeej, once)

SJeced

(Fme Hekeej, like this)

= -----------------------------------------------= ------------------------------------------------

e (Deewj, and)

= -----------------------------------------------= ------------------------------------------------

ve (veneR, not)
veerew (veeres, downward)

= -----------------------------------------------= ------------------------------------------------

Hegve (efHej, again)

Hejvleg (uesefkeve, but)
Hegje

(yengle mecee Henues, once upon a time)

MeerIeced (peuoer, quickly)

= -----------------------------------------------= ------------------------------------------------

MJe

(Deeves Jeeuee keue, tomorrow)

= -----------------------------------------------= ------------------------------------------------

nde

(yeerlee ngDee keue, yesterday)

= ------------------------------------------------

4.

5.

yeefn

(yeenj, out)

------------------------------------------------

efJevee

(efyevee, without)

------------------------------------------------

Oeevesve HeMevleg (See carefully)

e

od + ed + De

(eeefHe = ed + De + od + ed + De + Hed + F)

Med + jd + De

(eJeCe = Med + jd + De + Jed + De + Ced + De)

nd + jd + De

(mJe = nd + jd + De + med + Jed + De)

nd + $e+

(oe = nd + $e+ + od + De + ed + De)

ke

ked + jd + De

(kece

ke=

ked + $e+

(ke=ef<e = ked + $e+ + <ed + F)

Je=

Jed + $e+

(Je=ef< = Jed + $e+ + <ed + d + F)

kece&

ked + De + jd + ced + De

Oece&

Oed + De + jd + ced + De

= ked + jd + De + ced + De)

JeCe&efJeveemeb kegJe&vleg
Deeceb (Deececed)

--------------------------------------

je<^b (---------)

--------------------------------------

Yeceefle

--------------------------------------

<

--------------------------------------

n<e&

--------------------------------------

Je=<eYe

--------------------------------------

F#eg

--------------------------------------

[ce

--------------------------------------

$eced

--------------------------------------

10

ee fiz;% fo|ky;%
S<e efJeeeuee Deefmle~
S<e cece efJeeeuee Deefmle~
cece efJeeeuee megvoj Deefmle~
cece efJeeeuee efJeMeeue DeefHe Deefmle~
Denb Heefleefoveb efJeeeueeb ieeefce~
Denb efJeeeuees Heefleefoveb Heeb Heeefce~
Denb efJeeeuees Heefleefoveb uesKeced DeefHe efueKeeefce~
efJeeeuees cece Deveskeeefve efce$eeefCe meefvle~

11

efleere
Hee

Denb efce$ew men keer[eefce~

Demceekeb efJeeeuees Deveskeeefve efe$eeefCe meefvle~
efe$eeefCe megvojeefCe meefvle~
Jeeb efceefuelJee megvojeefCe efe$eeefCe HeMeece~
Jeeb efceefuelJee ieerleeefve DeefHe ieeeece~
Jeeb efceefuelJee keer[eCes keer[ece OeeJeece e~
Demceekeced DeOeeHekee DeOeeefHekee e mvesnsve Heeeefvle~
Jeeced DeefHe mvesnsve Heece DeOeeHekeeveeced e mecceeveb kegce&~
eoe DeJekeeMe YeJeefle Jeeb efceefuelJee SJe ie=nced Deeieece~
Jeeb efceefuelJee SJe ie=nkeee kegce& keer[ece e~

'kCnkFkkZ% Word-Meaning
S<e

en

this

cece

cesje

my

efJeMeeue

ye[e

big

Heefleefoveb

jes]pe

daily

ieeefce

(ceQ) peelee ntB/peeleer ntB

(I) go

Heeefce

(ceQ) He{lee ntB/He{leer ntB

(I) read

uesKeced

uesKe (kees)

writing

Deveskeeefve

yengle mes

many

efce$ew men

efce$eeW kes meeLe

with friends

12

keer[eefce

(ceQ) Kesuelee ntB/Kesueleer ntB

(I) play

Demceekeb

nceejs

our

efe$eeefCe

efe$e

pictures

Jeeb

nce

we

efceefuelJee

efceuekej

together

HeMeece

(nce) osKeles nQ

(we) see

ieerleeefve

ieerle

songs

ieeeece

(nce) ieeles nQ

(we) sing

keer[eCes

Kesue kes cewoeve ceW

in playground

mvesnsve

Heej mes

with love

Heeeefvle

He{eles nQ/He{eleer nQ

teach

eoe

peye

when

DeJekeeMe

ger

holiday/break

SJe

ner

only

Deeieece

(nce) Deeles nQ

(we) come

kegce&

(nce) kejles nQ

(we) do

13

vH;kl%
1. Heeb HeeflJee efueKevleg `Deeced' DeLeJee `ve'
(i)
efkeb cece efJeeeuee megvoj Deefmle?

-------------------Deeced

(ii) efkeb cece efJeeeuee efJeMeeue DeefHe Deefmle?

--------------------

(iii) efkeced Denb Heefleefoveb efJeeeueeb ieeefce?

--------------------

(iv)
efkeced Denb ieerleb efueKeeefce?

--------------------

(v) efkeced Denb efce$ew men keer[eefce?

--------------------

(vi) efkeced Demceekeced DeOeeHekee mvesnsve Heeeefvle?

--------------------

2. ce_pet<eeeeb Heoe-Heow efjkelemLeeveeefve Hetjevleg

(i)
Denb Heefleefoveb ------------------- ieeefce~

ieerleeefve

(ii)
efJeeeuees Heefleefoveb --------------- Heeefce~

efJeeeueeb

(iii)
Heefleefoveb ------------------ DeefHe efueKeeefce~

Heeb

(iv)
Jeeb efceefuelJee ------------------- ieeeece~

efe$eeefCe

(v)
Jeeb megvojeefCe ------------------ HeMeece~

uesKeced

3. Gefeleb Heee&e-Heob efelJee efueKevleg

(i)
efJeeeuee ------------------------------

efveleb

(ii)
megvoj

------------------------------

HeeMeeuee

(iii)
Heefleefoveb

------------------------------

Deeoj

(iv)
keer[eCes ------------------------------

MeesYeve

(v)
mecceeveb

keer[e#es$es

------------------------------

4. Heeb HeeflJee Sles<eeced HeMveeveeced GejeefCe SkeHeosve Jeovleg efueKevleg e

----------------------------- (i)
S<e ke Deefmle?
(ii)
efJeeeuees keeefve megvojeefCe meefvle?

------------------------------

(iii)
efJeeeuees Denb kew men keer[eefce?

------------------------------

(iv)
Jeeb keg$e keer[ece OeeJeece e?

------------------------------

(v)
Jeeb kes<eeb mecceeveb kegce&?

------------------------------

14

 5. Sles<eeced HeMveeveeced GllejeefCe HetCe&Jeekeesve Jeovleg efueKevleg e

(i)
ke efJeMeeue Deefmle?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
efJeeeuees Deveskeeefve keeefve meefvle?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii)
kes mvesnsve Heeeefvle?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv)
keme Deveskeeefve efce$eeefCe meefvle?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(v)
Jeeb efceefuelJee efkeb kegce&?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. ce_pet<eele Gefeleb Jeekeeb efelJee efe$eeCeeb mece#eb efueKevleg

--------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------- ----------------------------

ce_pet<ee

yeeue efueKeefle~ yeeue veceefle~ yeeue Heefle~ yeeue eueefle~

15

QQ

cetueelceke HeMve
YeJevle DeHeved eled e$ee Heefleefoveb efJeeeueeb ieefvle~ les DeOeeHekeeveeb mecceeveb kegJe&efvle~ les ie=nkeee&ced DeefHe
efceefuelJee kegJe&efvle~ DeOegvee mJeefJe<ees efJeeejevleg
YeJeeved/YeJeleer efJeeeuees efkeb efkeb kejesefle?

QQ

ieefleefJeefOe
YeJeeved/YeJeleer Heefleefoveb efJeeeuees Deveskeeefve Jemletefve HeMeefle~ eLee Hegmlekeeefve, MeeceHeced, meCekeced,
Deemeefvokeeced, MJesleJeefle&keeced, Heeokevogkeced DeeefoJemletefve~ keees DeefHe ees efe$eb efvecee&e leees veeceveer
efueKevleg

16

O;kdj.ke ~
Sleled, leled SJeb efkeced (meJe&veece-Meyoeveeb Heeesie)
[Use of Pronouns This, That and What]

S<e ke Deefmle?
S<e cece efJeeeuee Deefmle~
Sleme YeJeveb megvojced Deefmle~
leew e$eew efJeeeueeb iele~
leled YeJeveced DeleerJe efJeMeeueced Deefmle~
kes ejs efle<efvle?
Sles e$ee ejs efle<efvle?
les meJex ke#eemeg ieefvle~

GHeefjefueefKeles<eg Jeekees<eg jsKeeef*dkeleeefve ``ke, S<e, Sleme, leew, leled'' Fefle Heoeefve meJe&veeceHeoeefve meefvle~
De$e `S<e', `Sleme', `Sles' Fefle Heoeefve `Sleled' (en, This) Meyome HeeefCe meefvle~
`leew', `leled', `les' Fefle Heoeefve `leled' (Jen, That) Meyome HeeefCe meefvle~
`ke' Fefle Heoced `efkeced' (keee, What) Meyome Heced Deefmle~ `efkeced' Heome Heeesie HeMveefvecee&Ceee DeefHe

YeJeefle~

`Sleled', `leled' SJeb `efkeced' Meyoeveeced HeeefCe ef$e<eg efue*dies<eg YeJeefvle~

17

QQ

DeOegvee Sles<eeb meJe&veeceHeoeveeb efJeefYevveefue*dies<eg efueefKeleeefve HeeefCe HeMevleg

Sleled (Hegefuue*dies)
efJeYeefkele
HeLecee

SkeJeeveced
S<e

efJeeveced
Sleew

yengJeeveced
Sles

efleeree

Sleced

Sleew

Sleeved

le=leeree

Slesve

SleeYeeced

Slew

elegLeea

Slemcew

SleeYeeced

SlesYe

He_eceer

Slemceeled

SleeYeeced

SlesYe

<e<er

Sleme

Sleees

Sles<eeced

meHleceer

Sleefmceved

Sleees

Sles<eg

Sleled (m$eerefue*dies)
efJeYeefkele
HeLecee
efleeree
le=leeree
elegLeea
He_eceer
<e<er
meHleceer

SkeJeeveced
S<ee
Sleeced
Sleee
Slemew
Slemee
Slemee
Slemeeced

efJeeveced
Sles
Sles
SleeYeeced
SleeYeeced
SleeYeeced
Sleees
Sleees

yengJeeveced
Slee
Slee
SleeefYe
SleeYe
SleeYe
Sleemeeced
Sleemeg

Sleled (veHegbmekeefue*dies)
efJeYeefkele
HeLecee

SkeJeeveced
Sleled

efJeeveced
Sles

yengJeeveced
Sleeefve

efleeree

Sleled

Sles

Sleeefve

le=leeree

Slesve

SleeYeeced

Slew

elegLeea

Slemcew

SleeYeeced

SlesYe

He_eceer

Slemceeled

SleeYeeced

SlesYe

<e<er

Sleme

Sleees

Sles<eeced

meHleceer

Sleefmceved

Sleees

Sles<eg

18

leled (Hegefuue*dies)
efJeYeefkele

SkeJeeveced

efJeeveced

yengJeeveced

HeLecee

me

leew

les

efleeree

leced

leew

leeved

le=leeree

lesve

leeYeeced

lew

elegLeea

lemcew

leeYeeced

lesYe

He_eceer

lemceeled

leeYeeced

lesYe

<e<er

leme

leees

les<eeced

meHleceer

leefmceved

leees

les<eg

leled (m$eerefue*dies)
efJeYeefkele

SkeJeeveced

efJeeveced

yengJeeveced

HeLecee

mee

les

lee

efleeree

leeced

les

lee

le=leeree

leee

leeYeeced

leeefYe

elegLeea

lemew

leeYeeced

leeYe

He_eceer

lemee

leeYeeced

leeYe

<e<er

lemee

leees

leemeeced

meHleceer

lemeeced

leees

leemeg

leled (veHegbmekeefue*dies)
efJeYeefkele

SkeJeeveced

efJeeveced

yengJeeveced

HeLecee

leled

les

leeefve

efleeree

leled

les

leeefve

le=leeree

lesve

leeYeeced

lew

elegLeea

lemcew

leeYeeced

lesYe

He_eceer

lemceeled

leeYeeced

lesYe

<e<er

leme

leees

les<eeced

meHleceer

leefmceved

leees

les<eg

19

efkeced (Hegefuue*dies)
efJeYeefkele

SkeJeeveced

efJeeveced

yengJeeveced

HeLecee

ke

keew

kes

efleeree

keced

keew

keeved

le=leeree

kesve

keeYeeced

kew

elegLeea

kemcew

keeYeeced

kesYe

He_eceer

kemceeled

keeYeeced

kesYe

<e<er

keme

keees

kes<eeced

meHleceer

keefmceved

keees

kes<eg

efkeced (m$eerefue*dies)
efJeYeefkele

SkeJeeveced

efJeeveced

yengJeeveced

HeLecee

kee

kes

kee

efleeree

keeced

kes

kee

le=leeree

keee

keeYeeced

keeefYe

elegLeea

kemew

keeYeeced

keeYe

He_eceer

kemee

keeYeeced

keeYe

<e<er

kemee

keees

keemeeced

meHleceer

kemeeced

keees

keemeg

efkeced (veHegbmekeefue*dies)
efJeYeefkele

SkeJeeveced

efJeeveced

yengJeeveced

HeLecee

efkeced

kes

keeefve

efleeree

efkeced

kes

keeefve

le=leeree

kesve

keeYeeced

kew

elegLeea

kemcew

keeYeeced

kesYe

He_eceer

kemceeled

keeYeeced

kesYe

<e<er

keme

keees

kes<eeced

meHleceer

keefmceved

keees

kes<eg

20

QQ

`efkeced' meJe&veece-Heome Heeesie HeMveefvecee&CeeLe&ced YeJeefle~ Deveeefve HeMveJeeekeeefve DeJeeHeoeefve

DeefHe meefvle es<eeb Heeesie HeMveefvecee&CeeLe YeJeefle~
keoe keye

(When)

keg$e keneB

(Where)

keLeced

kewmes/efkeme Hekeej

(How)

efkeceLe&ced

efkemeefueS

(Why)

kegle

keneB mes

(From where)

keefle efkeleves

(How many)

vH;kl%
1. Oeevesve HeMevleg Hevleg DeJeievleg efueKevleg e (See, read, understand and write carefully)

SkeJeeveced

efJeeveced yengJeeveced

me (Heg0)
(Jen, He)

------- me--------

leew

--------------

les

--------------

mee (m$eer0) -------------------

(Jen, She)

les

--------------

lee

--------------

ke (Heg0) -------------------
(keewve, Who)

keew

--------------

kes

--------------

kee (m$eer0) -------------------

(keewve, Who)

kes

--------------

kee

--------------

S<e (Heg0) -------------------

(en, This)

Sleew

--------------

Sles

--------------

S<ee (m$eer0) -------------------

(en, This)

Sles

--------------

Slee

--------------

(Singular) (Dual) (Plural)

21

 2. Gefele-meJe&veeceHeow efjkelemLeeveeefve Hetjevleg (Fill in the blanks using appropriate pronouns)

Hegefuue*dies

S<e yeeueke

Sleew yeeuekeew

Sles yeeuekee

S<e ke

Sleew -------------

Sles

m$eerefue*dies

S<ee yeeefuekee

Sles yeeefuekes

Slee yeeefuekee

S<ee kee

Sles -------------

Slee -------------

veHegbmekeefue*dies Sleled Hegmlekeced

Sles Hegmlekes

Sleeefve Hegmlekeeefve

Sleled efkeced

Sles -------------

Sleeefve -------------

Hegefuue*dies

me e$e ------------ e$eew ------------ e$ee

m$eerefue*dies

mee e$ee ------------ e$es ------------ e$ee

veHegbmekeefue*dies leled

Heueced

-------------

------------ Heues ------------ Heueeefve

22

pRokfj fiz;fe kf.k

le=leere
Hee

S<e keHe~

S<e keeke~
S<e cet<eke~
Sleeefve elJeeefj efce$eeefCe meefvle~ Sleeefve efHeeefce$eeefCe meefvle~
Sleeefve efHeeefce$eeefCe Skeefmceved Jeves efceefuelJee Jemeefvle~

23

S<e nefjCe~

Skeoe nefjCe otjced ieefle~ meeeeue YeJeefle Hejvleg me ve Deeieefle~ cet<eke keeke keHe e Heleer#eeb kegJe&efvle~ les
HejmHejb Jeelee&ueeHeb kegJe&efvle~
nefjCe keg$e Deefmle?

meeeeue YeJeefle Hejvleg nefjCe ve Deeieefle~

Demceekeced efce$eced DeOegvee

DeefHe ve Deeieled~

ve peeveeefce~

efHee efce$e nefjCe! lJeced keg$e

Deefme? keg$e Deefme lJeced? efce$e!

efkeb me mebkes
leg ve Deefmle?

Denced De$e-le$e
HeMeeefce~

24

efce$e nefjCe! lJeced keg$e Deefme?

$eeefn ceeced $eeefn ceeced

keeke nefjCeced HeMeefle~ me leme meceerHeb ieefle~ me nefjCeb He=efleefce$e! Foced keLeced DeYeJeled?
Ske JeeOe ceeced
Deyeled~

efle<! Denced leJe meneeleeLe&ced

efce$eeefCe Deeveeeefce~

efce$e! MeerIeced keg~

25

keeke Deeieefle~ keHe cet<eke e leb He=le

efce$es! SkeJeeOe
Demceekeced efce$eced mJepeeuesve
Deyeled~

Denced lJeeced mJeHe=<s

ves<eeefce~

efce$e! keg$e Deefmle

Demceekeced efce$eced?

DeOegvee efkeced
efevleeb cee
keg~ Denced peeueced
keefle&<eeefce~

efkevleg Denced le$e keLeced

ieefce<eeefce?

MeerIeced keg~

26

YeefJe<eefle?

Demceekeced efce$eced
keg$e Deefmle?

efce$e! HeMe~

efce$e! MeerIeced keg,

JeeOe Deeieefce<eefle~

efce$e! efle<~ DeeJeeced

DeeieeJe~

cet<eke peeueb ke=vleefle~ nefjCe cegkele YeJeefle~ meJesx Hemevvee YetlJee ieefvle~
27

$eeefn ceeced!

meJesx Hegve Hemevvee YetlJee efceefuelJee e megKesve Jemeefvle~

28

'kCnkFkkZ% Word-Meaning
keHe

kegDee

tortoise/turtle

keeke

keewDee

crow

nefjCe

efnjCe

deer

cet<eke

etne

mouse

Sleeefve

es

these

elJeeefj

eej

four

meefvle

nwQ

are

efHeeefce$eeefCe

Des Heejs oesmle

best friends

Jeves

pebieue cesW

in forest

Jemeefvle

(Jes) jnles nwQ

(they) live

Skeoe

Ske yeej

once

me

Jen

he

Deeieefle

(Jen) Deelee nw

(he) comes

kegJe&efvle

(Jes) kejles nQ

(they) do

les

Jes

they

Jeelee&ueeHeb

yeeleeerle

conversation

keg$e

keneB

where

ve

venerR

don't/no

peeveeefce

(cewQ) peevelee ntB

(I) know

DeOegvee

Deye

now

Deeieled

(Jen) Deeee

(he) came

mebkes

cegmeeryele ceW

in trouble

HeMeeefce

(ceQ) osKelee ntB

(I) see

lJeced

legce

you

29

Deefme

(legce) nes

(you) are

$eeefn

yeeeDees, j#ee kejess

protect

ceeced

cegPes

me

meceerHeb

Heeme

near

He=efle

(Jen) Hetlee nw

(he) asks

keLeced

kewmes

how

DeYeJeled

ngDee

happened

JeeOe

efMekeejer

hunter

Deyeled

yeeBOe efueee

trapped

meneeleeLe&ced

ceoo kes efueS

for help

MeerIeced

peuoer

quickly

mJepeeuesve

DeHeves peeue mes

with his net

YeefJe<eefle

nesiee

will be

efevleeb

ef]Heke

worry

cee

cele

don't

keefle&<eeefce

(cewQ) kee otBiee

(I) will cut

lJeeced

legcnW

you

mJeHe<s

DeHeveer Heer Hej

on my back

ves<eeefce

(cewQ) ues peeT@Biee

(I) will take

cegkele

mJelev$e

free

meJesx

meye

all

Hemevvee

Hemevve, KegMe

happy

YetlJee

neskej

on being

ieefvle

(Jes) peeles nwQ

(they) go

Hegve

efHej

again

megKesve

megKe mes

happily

30

vH;kl%
1.

Sleeefve keLeveeefve Megeefve DeMegeefve Jee Jeovleg efueKevleg e

keLeveeefve

2.

GejeefCe

(i) elJeeefj efHeeefce$eeefCe Jeves Jemeefvle~

------------------Megced

(ii) Skeoe nefjCe otjb ieefle~

-------------------

(iii) JeeOe keHeb peeuesve Deyeled~

-------------------

(iv) cet<eke peeueb ke=vleefle~

-------------------

(v) keHe De$e-le$e HeMeefle~

-------------------

(vi) meJex Hemevvee YetlJee megKesve Jemeefvle~

-------------------

ce_pet<eeeeb Heoe-Heow efjkelemLeeveeefve Hetjevleg

(i) elJeeefj efce$eeefCe efceefuelJee --------------- Jemeefvle~

3.

keeke

(ii) nefjCe ------------------ ieefle~

Jeelee&ueeHeb

(iii) les HejmHejb --------------- kegJe&efvle~

Jeves

(iv) ------------------ nefjCeced HeMeefle~

nefjCe

(v) ------------------ cegkele DeYeJeled~

otjced

Gefeleb efJeHejerleb Heob efelJee efueKevleg

(i) otjced

------------------------------

efKevvee

(ii) meeeeue

------------------------------

ogKesve

(iii) Hemevvee

------------------------------

Heelekeeue

(iv) megKesve

------------------------------

ye

(v) cegkele

------------------------------

meceerHeced

31

 4. Sles<eeced HeMveeveeced GejeefCe SkeHeosve Jeovleg efueKevleg e

(i)
ke otjb ieefle?

(nefjCe, keeke)

-----------------------------------
(ii)
nefjCeced ke Deyeled?

(ke=<eke, JeeOe)

-----------------------------------
(iii)
mebkes ke Deemeerled?

(keeke, nefjCe)

-----------------------------------
(iv)
peeueced ke Deke=vleled?

(cet<eke, keHe)

-----------------------------------
(v)
kes Hemevvee DeYeJeved?

(elJeeefj efce$eeefCe, meJex pevee)

-----------------------------------
5. Sles<eeced HeMveeveeced GllejeefCe HetCe&Jeekeesve Jeovleg efueKevleg e
(i)
elJeeefj efce$eeefCe keg$e Jemeefvle mce?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii)
kes Heleer#eeb kegJe&efvle?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(iii)
JeeOe nefjCeced kesve Deyeled?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(iv)
cet<ekeb nefjCeme meceerHes ke Deveeled?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(v)
ke keLeeefle `$eeefn ceeced, $eeefn ceeced'?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Sleeefve Jeekeeeefve keLeekeceevegmeejb eespeefelJee Hevleg efueKevleg e

(i)
keeke cet<ekeced nefjCeme meceerHeced Deveeled~
(ii)
Skeoe Ske JeeOe nefjCeced peeuesve Deyeled~
(iii)
nefjCeme efce$eeefCe leme Heleer#eeced DekegJe&ved~
(iv)
nefjCe cegkele DeYeJeled~
(v)
cet<eke peeueced Deke=vleled~
32

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (i)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (ii)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (iii)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (iv)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (v)
7. GefeleHeow Jeekeeeefve jeevleg

S<e

cet<eke

OeeJeefle

me

nefjCe

ieefle

De$e

De$e

Keeoefle

le$e

keHe

GlHeleefle

JeeOe

keeke

Deeieefle

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------JeeOe De$e Deeieefle~

eLee (i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (ii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (iii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (iv)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (v)
QQ

cetueelceke HeMve
YeJeeved/YeJeleer Hees elegCee&ced efce$eeCeeced efJe<ees DeHeled~ Yekeleeced keefle efce$eeefCe meefvle? YeJeeved/YeJeleer efce$ew men
keerMeb JeJenejb kejesefle? kes<eeef_eled $eeeCeeb keeee&Ceeced GuuesKeb keg~

33

QQ

ieefleefJeefOe
1. DeOeesefueefKele-leeefuekeeeeced HeMeg-Heef#eCeeced veeceeefve GoenjCeevegmeejb efeerkegle

mee

Jee

He

ve

Jee

me

He&

ie

efmeb

ve

ke

He

ie

ke

pe

e
n

He

Oes

cet

<e

Meg

ye

ke

Oes

ke

veg

Je

lee

efj

ke

efj

ue

Ce

ve

<e

kee

ke

keg

He

Meg

De

pee

keg

kekeg

ke

MJe

Me

<e

ke

e=

iee

ue

ke

He

2. GHeefjefueefKeleleeefuekeeeeb efeerke=leeefve HeMeg-Heef#eCeeced veeceeefve DeOe efueKevleg

-------------------- --------------------
-------------------- -------------------efmebn

-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

34

O;kdj.ke ~
Demceodeg<ceodmeJe&veeceHeeefCe
[Forms of PronounsI, You]

megOee

Denb megOee Deefmce~ lJeb ke Deefme?

efoJeekej Denb efoJeekej Deefmce~ lJeb efkeb kejesef<e?

megOee

Denb Heeefce~ lJeb efkeb kejesef<e?

efoJeekej Denced DeefHe Heeefce~ lJeb keg$e Heefme?

megOee Denb [er.S.Jeer. efJeeeuees Heeefce~ lJeb keg$e

efoJeekej Denced DeefHe [er.S.Jeer. efJeeeuees Heeefce~
Heefme? Denb le$e mebmke=leb Heeefce~ efkeb lJeced DeefHe
mebmke=leb Heefme?
megOee Deeced, Denced DeefHe mebmke=leb Heeefce~ DeeJeeced
efoJeekej Deeced! Denb meeeeues keer[eefce~ cece
GYeew mebmke=leb HeeJe~ efkeb lJeb meeeeues efce$eeefCe DeefHe Kesueefvle~
Kesueefme?
megOee

efoJeekej Jeeb meJex keer[ece~

cece efce$eeefCe DeefHe Kesueefvle~

Deefmceved mebJeeos `Denb' `Jeeced' Fefle Heoeced `Demceod' meJe&veeceMeyome s Hes mle~ SJecesJe `lJeb' Heob `eg<ceod'
meJe&veeceMeyome Heced Deefmle~ DeOegvee Jeeb Sleees HeeefCe Heef<eece~
efJeYeefkele

SkeJeeveced

efJeeveced

yengJeeveced

HeLecee

Denced

DeeJeeced

Jeeced

efleeree

ceeced

DeeJeeced

Demceeved

le=leeree

ceee

DeeJeeYeeced

DemceeefYe

elegLeea

cendeced

DeeJeeYeeced

DemceYeced

He_eceer

celed

DeeJeeYeeced

Demceled

<e<er

cece

DeeJeees

Demceekeced

meHleceer

ceefe

DeeJeees

Demceemeg

35

SJecesJe `eg<ceod' meJe&veeceMeyome HeeefCe DeefHe YeJeefvle

efJeYeefkele

SkeJeeveced

efJeeveced

yengJeeveced

HeLecee

lJeced

egJeeced

eteced

efleeree

lJeeced

egJeeced

eg<ceeved

le=leeree

lJeee

egJeeYeeced

eg<ceeefYe

elegLeea

legYeced

egJeeYeeced

eg<ceYeced

He_eceer

lJeled

egJeeYeeced

eg<celed

<e<er

leJe

egJeees

eg<ceekeced

meHleceer

lJeefe

egJeees

eg<ceemeg

vH;kl%
1. ce_pet<eeee GefeleHeoeefve ie=nerlJee DeOeesefueefKeleb Jeelee&ueeHeb Hetjele

ce_pet<ee
e$ee vecees vece cenesoe!

lJeee

Deeeee& Yees e$ee~ Deeiele --------------------- mJeeieleced Deefmle~

cece

e$ee OeveJeeoe~
Deeeee& efJeJeske! --------------------- men S<e veJeerve e$e ke Deefmle?
efJeJeske cenesoe! --------------------- men cece veJeerveb efce$eced efJeveerle Deefmle~
Deeeee& efkeb --------------------- efce$eced De$ewJe Heef<eefle?
efJeJeske Deeced --------------------- efce$eced De$ewJe Heef<eefle~
Deeeee& Demleg!Dee --------------------- efkeced Heef<eLe?
e$ee cenesoe!--------------------- JeekejCeced GHeefoMeleg (Heeeleg) YeJeeved~
36

Demceeved
eg<ceekeced
eteced
ceee
leJe

 2. DeOeesefueefKeles<eg Jeekees<eg mLetueHeoeefve yengJeeves HeefjJele&evleg

Denced <e<er-ke#eeee e$ee Deefmce~ lJeced kemee ke#eeee e$ee Deefme? Denced efce$ew men efJeeeueeb ieeefce~
lJeced kesve men efJeeeueeb ieefme? le$e vejsMe cenesoe ceeced mebmke=leced Heeeefle~ lJeeced mebmke=leced ke Heeeefle?
cece efce$eeefCe cendeced Yeespeveb eefvle~ efkeced leJe efce$eeefCe legYeced Yeespeveb eefvle? cece DeOeeHekee DeOeeefHekee
e ceefe efJeMJemeefvle~ efkeced leJe DeOeeHekee DeOeeefHekee e lJeefe efJeMJemeefvle?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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37