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-1 General concept of surveying

1-1 General definition of surveying

determination

survey establising setting out

) ( )

(.

1-2 Steps of surveying work

:
.1
.2

.3

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1-3

Types of Surveying

-:

-A

-B .
-C .

-A -: :
.1 :Geodetic Surveying

.

.2 :Plane Surveying


.

Plane Surveying

Geodetic Surveying

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) (
.Plane Surveying
-B :
:
.1 :Land Surveying
Level
Theodolite .

.2 :Photogrammetry


.
:

.1 :
Tresterial Photogrammetry , Close range Photogrammetry
.2 Arieal photogrammetry

-C :

...

1-4 Basic Principles of Surveying

-1
.
-2 ""Economy of accuracy
,
.

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-3 " "Consistancy
.
-4 )( .

1-5 Coordinates system

" "Plane surveying ) three
(dimensional ". "Plane coordinate system
) (1-1 ) (X-Y " "Horizontal axes
" "Horizontal plane "Horizontal
" coordinate , X E
Y , N ).(1-2
Z ""Vertical axes
) " ( "Elevation
" "Datum
"."Mean sea level
, ,
) (X,Y )(Z .

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""N
Y

""E
X

"W

X
) (1-1

""S
) (1-2 )(X,Y

1 -6 :
-1 right angle triangle ABC
B
c
a

C
b

c2 = a2 + b2
a
= sin A
c
b
= cos A
c
a
= tan A
b
1
area = ab
2

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.

-2 oblique triangle
a
b
c
=
=
sin A sin B sin C
b2 + c2 a2
= cos A
2ab
a+b+c
= let s
2
) Area = s ( s a)( s b)( s c

B
c

-3 Trapizoid
a
h

-4 pyramid

a+b
h
2

= Area

=3\1 *
1
Ah
3

= Volume
A = Area

1-7 Surveying and setting of constructions

Survey Setting out = Laying out

control
system
:Two steps
.1 Horizontal control system / and/ or

Vertical control system

.
.2

control points

6

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.

1-7-1 Survey of constructions

determining ) / (
Survey .

) (1-1
:
.1
.2 .

.3 ) /
( )(.

: ) (1-3 B, A Horizontal control points

C

)(
C A, B:

X A = 40m , Y A = 20m
X B = 164m , YB = 20m

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) (1-3 ) (

) (1-7 :
.1

.2

A, B )
( C .
.C
) (1-7-1 C

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .C

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.

-1
) (1-3

-:C

. .CAB,ABC
. AC, BC .CAB,ABC
AC CAB
:

AC=65m , <CAB= 30

-2 ) AC (CAB
) ( ( X C , YC ) C
A, B C:

]X C = X A + D AC sin AZ AC LL[1

]Y C= Y A + D AC cos AZ AC LL[2

=AZAC .AC

60o= AC
AB = 90 o .CAB

) (1,2 ) , ( X C , YC
. X C , YC
-3
) ( X C , YC C

1-7-2 Setting out of Constructions

) establishing( )(
)( )(
) (
9

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)( )(
:
.1
.
.2 .
.3 )(
:

)(.

) (1-4 A, B
:

X A = 40m , Y A = 20m

X B = 164m , YB = 84m

)( C C
C:
X C = 125m , YC = 156m

) (1-4
) (1-7-2 :
.1 .
.2 .

10

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A,B

C .

)( .C
C :
.1 .C
.2 C
)( C )(.

) (1-2 )(
:C
.1 . CAB,ABC
.2 AC, BC
.CAB,ABC
C
.CAB,ABC AC , BC, AB
:

DAC = ( X C X A ) 2 + (YC YA ) 2

= D AC = (125 40) 2 + (56 20) 2

DBC = ( X C X B ) 2 + (YC YB ) 2

= DBC = (125164) 2 + (5684) 2

( X B X A )2 + (YB YA )2
m

11

(164 40)2 + (84 20)2

= D AB
= D AB

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CAB,ABC :

AC 2 + AB 2 BC 2
2 AB AC

= cos A

.3 ) (CAB,ABC )( C

*** A
AC B .BC
AC,BC C C .

*** " " Theodolite

.

12