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PSICOMOTRICIDAD

Teora y Praxis del Desarrollo Psicomotor en la Infancia

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PSICOMOTRICIDAD

La psicomotricidad es aquella ciencia que, considerando al individuo en


su totalidad, pretende desarrollar al mximo sus capacidades individuales,
valindose de la experimentacin y de la ejertizacin consciente del
propio cuerpo, para conseguir un mayor conocimiento de sus posibilidades
en s mismo y en realizacin al medio en el que se desenvuelve.
El objetivo principal de este manual es el de dar a conocer el desarrollo
psicomotor en la infancia.
Tras la lectura de este manual el lector adquirir conocimientos sobre la
psicomotricidad, las etapas del desarrollo psicomotor, los elementos de
base, los trastornos del desarrollo y la educacin y reeducacin psicomotriz.

ISBN 10: 84-96578-86-0


ISBN 13: 978-84-96578-86-9

9 788496 578869

EDITORIAL

www.ideaspropiaseditorial.com

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