| beeTuRE 4 Now thet we have the Jordan form representation ef a square mate A, we can consider functions of the mate A. We begin with pelgnemials of a matin. Let A be a square motrin that maps (6",6) inte (Oc). IF k ub a pesrhve integer, we define © where Tis the identrty mate. bet £02) be @ polgnemiol in A of Linihe degree eg. #Cn)= aB4 20tee, then PCAN a Act tae OE .® We have shewn thot there existe a nen-s moteix Q such thet A+ aiq' -- ® with A inthe Jorden canonical Ferm.Eck 550 LECTURE 4 we hove that FCAd = QFCAIQ™ PLAY= QT FLAIQ 6) for ang polynomial FCA). One of the reasons oh the Jordan form 16 used is that if [Lo 2] 7) where Ayand A, are square matrices, then FAD 0 FCA) = ° FAL) -@ This leads to the Cagley-Hamslten theorem. het a Ala) = det (x T-A) Oe eekEce 550 | Lecture 4 be the charactenistic polynomial of A, then ALAL# A Ha Ay t ta A tate0 ...@ Returning to the cheracteriste pe gremal AGS deeCat-ad=s Thoaeap™ ...© Let Fond g betwe erbitracy polynomials. IF » fee een) fe teat: eas then FCAD= gCA). The set of numbers Cn) are called the values of fan the spectrumof A. Extending this idea, if A ve of onder n, for ong pelynemial £62), we oan construct a pelynomral of degree n-t gids ata de ta .@® such that g6a)* £Ca) on the spectrum of A. Thus, ang pelynemsal of A can be expressed as ee Let us take a simple exam| Eck 550 LECTURE 4 4 ACAD = det Canad = Canty® 333 goad x tan sea Ce ke Henee, FO gcd aye ate, | FOIE gi 100-4 w, e | Se that, a2 100 and «2-99 | grads As ata a A Let's use this method te calculate the state AL transition matrix, e+ bet eo [523] 3AG) ® det Cato Al) = (9-10-27 Se thet, 2 gO? aot an a> 2 Bias ee Hence, FO gdi) ee ate, thy FOV2 GQ) techs at 2m, F(2= gr fn age tat tay Selving swe get ot ~2te~ be a, = Stet + 2e%- 20 And se, ae, : ee ack, Fee a oe LecTuRE 4 5Lecture 4 |G Suppose we consider a Jordan block ne eG ise tax) . oo 8 | © 6 oy The chacsetemehe polynomial ss Ca-a,)". Let BODE Mot CARAT OM ay CATT Then ® gives e a2 24,7 a2 POD aon! © Hees, : £0 FD et g6Ad= Fant CAnar)+-0# Gast (A-a3) | #0) FOE. > # dleme! | CP eG ca)! - _ECE 550 LecTURE 4 e@ Se thet, if #0r2= 6°", then A ” a +e veo! pee ‘/ (nat at ant he Ct ee 4 “Aen-29! en : : aut | 3 3 | . . eeeeaee ° ° er Note thet all derivatives are with respect to a, and Rott, From earlier, we obtanmed results and @. Thos, the Jorden down the stete transthen matrix divectly eng @ sh plece of each Senden block. For exam let rm allews ene te writeEc 550 LECTURE 4