ECE 550 LECTURE 13 We hove discussed equivalence transfor mations and the Jordan form, The controllability and observabi lity . o leneae timecinveriand dymami- col equation is invorient under any equivelence. transform, We sawin the previous lecture hew a partevlar Jorden form , ie. ene resulting from distinct egenvelver, could directly provide: Oi eilae regarding controllability and obser- vability. Let ve now consider the more general Terdon form The a (meneional, linear, time-invariant, Jordan form dynamical equation #s controllable iff fon each 1,2, ..,m the rews of the c(i) x p matnn by: es et La baie by irce) are linearly independent over the Field of complex numbers. The equation Cayetem) 2 observable. iF Som each 22 1,2, 00,0 the columns of the. 4% Ci) mateiECE 550 LECTURE (3 ] un Sia Stdece ore linearly smdependent over the field of complex members. Let's take an example Ie Ie Pe ba ube bear ° 2 3 jECE 550 LECTURE 13 Note that the motmx A hos two distmet eigen- values Apend A. There are three Jendon blocks associated with A, and hence e612=3, There is only one Jordan block associated with a, , se that rOads | The condition Fer controllability requires thot the set & bry Pee ig} avd the set Ls Eb a be sedividvellly., Knearly independent. Note that this @ the case ond so the system s contretlable. The condition for observability G43 and the requices that the set fe, ¢, set Fe Note that thie tree of the set £ ei Cua Cus ta 3 be individually , nearly independent. bot net of the set fe... 5, because bisa gere- veotor and thes linearly dependent, Thos, the system 1 not observable. Out pet controllability tea fonction Cpropenty) of the smpulse “response: mati ofa system. A system with a conbinveus impulse-response matnin 1s said tebe output controllable ot time t,,1f for ony s 1 there ext a finite t,>t, ond that transfer the cotpet ee eee Ste ' from elt .2o te gerry