nh ngha 3.

Mt chui s c th vit di dng

cc s

trong

cng du c gi l chui an du.

nh l 13 (Du hiu Leibnitz). Cho chui an du

dy s

Nu

l dy n iu, hi t ti gii hn khng th chui an

du
hi t.
Cho chui s c du bt k

Lp chui

Chui tr tuyt i
l chui s dng. Nhiu khi, thay cho kho
st chui c du bt k, c th kho st chui s dng bng cch xt
chui tr tuyt i.
nh l 14. Nu chui
hi t th chui
cng hi t.
S dng du hiu Leibnitz, d dng chng minh chui an
du
hi t. Lp chui tr tuyt i, c chui iu ha
V chui iu ha phn k, nn mnh o ca nh l 14 khng
ng. Nh vy, vi hai chui s

s c ba kh nng:

1. Hai chui

cng hi t;

2. Hai chui

cng cng phn k;

3. Chui

hi t v chui

phn k.

nh ngha 4. Chui

c gi l chui hi t tuyt i nu

chui
hi t. Mt chui s hi t nhng khng hi t tuyt i
c gi l chui bn hi t.
Nh vy, nu chui s hi t tuyt i th hi t, trng hp ny c th
xt chui tr tuyt i; nu chui bn hi t th cn n my du hiu hi
t quan trng nh: du hiu Dirichlet, du hiu Abel.
nh l 15 (Du hiu Abel). Gi s
l chui hi t cn
mt dy n iu v b chn. Khi chui

l chui hi t.
nh l 16 (Du hiu Dirichlet). Gi s
l chui s c dy tng
ring b chn, ngha l tn ti s thc
sao cho

cn
l

l mt dy s khng m n iu gim hi t v khng, ngha

v

Khi chui

l chui hi t.

[ Mc lc ]

Cc v d

36. Xt s hi t ca chui s

Hng dn. Ta c

Theo du hiu so snh, chui s

hi t tuyt i.
37. Xt s hi t tuyt i ca chui s

hi t. Vy chui s cho

Hng dn. Xt tng

Ta c

Do

Vy chui s

c dy tng ring b chn. Hn na,

l dy n iu gim hi t v khng. Theo du hiu Dirichlet, chui s

cho hi t.
Chng minh tng t,

l chui hi t. Chui cho khng hi t tuyt i. Tht vy, gi s

Khi , vi mi

ta c

Do

T suy ra
V chui iu ha phn k cho nn y l mt mu thun. Mu thun
chng t chui

phn k. Vy chui cho bn hi t.

38. Xt s hi t ca chui s
Hng dn. Dy s

l dy n iu tng v b chn bi

v chui

hi t (v d 37). Theo du hiu Abel, chui s cho hi t. Bng cch

so snh vi chui phn k

bn c c th chng minh chui s

l chui bn hi t.
39. Xt s hi t tuyt i, bn hi t ca chui s

Hng dn. Xt ba trng hp

(a) Trng hp
Trng hp ny s hng tng qut khng dn
ti khng, theo iu kin cn, chui s cho l chui phn k.
(b) Trng hp
Chui cho l chui an du. Xt hai dy
s

Dy
b chn trn bi
v t s hng th ba tr i dy s
gim dn ti . Trong khi , dy

n iu gim v khng, vy nn

l dy n iu gim v khng. Theo du hiu Leibnitz, chui s cho

hi t.Tuy nhin, trong trng hp ny n khng hi t tuyt i v

(c) Trng hp

Chui s cho hi t tuyt i v

40. Xt s hi t tuyt i, bn hi t ca chui s

Hng dn. Ta c

Ch rng, dy s

l dy n iu gim v khng v

cc s hng ca dy u thuc khong

Do , dy s

l dy n iu gim v khng. Theo tiu chun Leibnitz, chui s

cho l chui hi t. Tuy nhin, chui khng hi t tuyt i v

[ Mc lc ]

Bi tp t gii
41. Dng du hiu Leibnitz; du hiu so snh xt s hi t ca cc
chui s
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

(e)
(f)
42. Dng du hiu Leibnitz, du hiu Abel, du hiu Dirichlet xt s hi
t tuyt i v bn hi t ca cc chui s

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
43. Dng du hiu Dirichlet chng minh chui s sau hi t

44. Xt s hi t tuyt i v bn hi t ca chui s

45 Chng minh rng chui s

khi chui s

hi t tuyt i khi v ch

hi t tuyt i.

46. Chng minh rng chui s

tuyt i.

hi t th chui s

47. Chng minh rng nu hai chui s c s hng tng qut

hi t tuyt i th cc chui s sau hi t tuyt i
(a)

(b)

[ Mc lc ]

Hng dn hoc p s

hi t
v

41. Dng du hiu Leibnitz; du hiu so snh.

(a) Chui hi t.
(b)
trong
Vy
Chui (b) hi t v chui th nht hi t
theo du hiu Leibnitz; chui th hai hi t theo du hiu so snh.
(c) Chui phn d
l chui an du. D thy
theo du hiu Leibnitz, v vy chui (c) hi t.

hi t

(e)
t
Khi
Chui th nht hi t theo du hiu Leibnitz; chui th hai hi t theo
du hiu so snh (v
)
(f) a v (b).
42. Dng du hiu Leibnitz, du hiu Abel, du hiu Dirichlet xt s hi
t tuyt i v bn hi t ca cc chui s
(a) Khi
chui phn k. Khi
theo du hiu Leibnitz cn dy

chui

hi t

bt u t s hng th ba tr i l dy n iu v b chn bi 1. Do
chui hi t theo du hiu Abel. Trng hp ny,

v
Khi

nn chui khng hi t tuyt i.

chui hi t tuyt i.

(b)Chui hi t v
chui th nht hi t theo du hiu Leibnitz; chui th hai hi t tuyt

i (v d 37).
Chui khng hi t tuyt i v
chui
phn k; chui
hi t (v d 37 ).
c) Chui hi t tuyt i theo du hiu Dirichlet (xem v d 37).
(d) Chui
ring b chn bi 2:

dy

c dy tng

khng m, n iu gim v 0, cho nn, theo du hiu

Dirichlet, chui
43. t

hi t. Vy chui cho hi t tuyt i.

Khi , chui
c dy tng ring b chn bi 2; dy
n iu gim v 0. Do chui cho hi t (Dirichlet)

dng,

44.
Chui

hi t theo du hiu Abel (xem v d 38),;

chui
cho hi t.

hi t tuyt i (du hiu so snh). Vy chui

V
chui
phn k (v d 37), nn chui cho bn hi t.45. Chng minh rng

chui s
t tuyt i.

[ Mc lc ]

hi t tuyt i khi v ch khi chui s

hi