Defining The

Line
Gianna Perez
April 19, 2016

Background Information
o Testing used to develop new
drugs, test new medical and
surgical procedures etc.
o Testing subjects come from
an array of different
species.
o May not be the best way to
assess safety.

Importance
o Around 100 million
animals are used in testing
each year worldwide.
o Debating issue for a long
time.
o Major concern for ethical
reasons.
o Other disadvantages
include manpower needed,
tedious protocols and
expensive costs.

Alternatives
o The 3Rs MethodReplacement, Refinement,
and Reduction
o Computer Models
o Cells and tissue cultures
o Alternative organismsLower vertebrates,
invertebrates, and
microorganisms

Opposing View
o In the instance of toxicology testing, the
regulators are reluctant to use alternatives to
animal testing because it is risky.
o Another problem that arises with regulatory
acceptance is the concern with how to handle the
data that being collected by the new alternatives.
o Then there is the issue with the guidelines for
regulations of new drugs.

The Line
o There is a difference
between testing on
animals because it is a
necessary evil and testing
on animals because
someone wants their
eyelashes to stay curled
with their mascara

Works Cited
oBurden, Natalie, Fiona Sewell, and Kathryn Chapman. Testing Chemical Safety:
What Is Needed To Ensure Widespread Application of Non-Animal Approaches?.
Plos Biology 13.5 (2015): 1-8. Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Mar. 2016.
oDoke, Sonali K., and Shashikant C. Dhwale. Alternatives to Animal Testing: A
Review. Journal of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society 23.3 (2015): 223.
Supplemental Index. Web. 30 Mar. 2016.
oFerdowsian, Hope R., and Nancy Beck. Ethical and Scientific Considerations
Regarding Animal Testing and Research. Plos One 6.9 (2011): 1-4. Academic
Search Premier. Web. 30 Mar. 2016.
oStokes, WS. Animals and the 3Rs in Toxicology Research and Testing: The Way
Forward. Human & Experimental Toxicology 34.12 (n.d.): 1297-1303. Science
Citation Index. Web. 30 Mar. 2016.