bs Tho verbs must, can, could, may, might, wil weule shal, should and ought (1) are mod verbs. They express meanings such as cgi, necessity, certainty, ability, passaly, ack of necessity, offer, suggestions, requests, lgiea assumptions, permission, prohbion, advice snd eticlsm, Modal verb: © donot take ans, ng o sua 0g. Sho must study. (NOT: Shenae) © 40 fllowedby s bare inf excep for ought which I followed bya to innit. 129, Ho may bl (NOT: Hemptosbaik) She ought fo stan fo you ‘© go before tho subject In questions and arefllowod by notin negations. (29, Can tak 10 you? He count speak ‘© donot usualy have tenses, Toy can refer t the prsent or the future ‘29. Yu ean call row. resend You can cal amo. (ue) ° > logical assumptions btigation < sce - uty i ‘ust = ts your dty todo stiyou are obliged toa) poste lope assumatlons dosth tact = am surtcartan Yu must sop won tho rate Aight ve. (= Yu a aio ‘stop whon th fle Boh re) forbidden do th) {you ate not atowed todo at ie agalnt the rae aw You mustn ean park hore. ®) (= You are aa towed fo park har. agait ho) {tm sure tay ao the bys parent) 1) They eat be the boy’ grandparents rm sure they a othe Boy eee « Gy ny grandparents) muat = | strongly adviee you t do sity “© Must can only be used to talk about the present toe other tones, Ihe pay. 7 resent simple = musthavo fo ast simple = hago‘nado tha cecson) i ‘Questions and negations with have toate formed uth do, does o al tut and have to have diferent meanings in questions Compare the folowing examples: (boy wart to know ‘nat i moter Insists on is doing ts omer igh ay) (Cgpeit tr ig ay the goto asthe same meaning as have fo, and if usually used in everyeay speech 9. ‘Sony! Te got fo go nowy bus fares ew mite” he — © mustn't =i forbidden to do shy ate not allowed todo th Weuse muxint to ‘ovpress prohibition. noedt = lt Isat necessary to do ath Age re ne ef een We can also use deny doesn't neta to or ‘ones hae to forthe same purpose. ‘The frmor needa Aoesnt neod to Aloe ave to buy any oags. (= isnt Iocees/ forth omer to buy ary sag) [Fin the gaps with musint or reson ‘dont have 1A; Shall hap you wit your shopping? B: No, you -naed edn hoe to. can manage by yo 2 You ly fetal bei he se. Bs Fm eoey go oti, 8 Do you want anything om the supermarko? B: No, you = ‘ge me anhina ‘day, hk you gang ot mye te 4 Your en Dea fr wt toaow maring B: Lk Fit oie oa 5k You take these books ‘ut ol ira Tn. orotden, {6 Shame an ppeinment for yous the 8B: No, you pn ot nyo a woRephrase the fllowing sentences tina masts must ee has fo OF @. ee 1 You are allowed to park your car inthe eee carpark. eumiotas park yourcar ithe college carpark 2 Vewangly advice you to spat to your pares about your docn, 2. Rant neesseary ir Enmatoabandemorows Sat resting. = 4 Jacks obiiged to woar aul and ao al work bocause ne manager sas 0. 2 6 Fm ure Aton efor Mn. ae 6 Wenecessary fr Rogar to fed ajob soon, 17 Wetorbldden to use mobile planes inside the hospi 1 Sains ogee wot ee benno says 0 ee Didn't (Needn't how ee ac of messy a © et aed tive = Naas notnaceasryto oan Iaows that an action dll net happenin the past, because we kro was natnecassay They aa need to cut any more woo. (Chivas ncessay fortromt ut any moe ‘woe, 50 hey en © rood havo + past partcpio = itwas not nee: esay to do a, but wa dono ‘shows tat an action happened inthe pat eventhough itwas nt recassory. 1 twaent necessary foc hn o wash the ot. wasnt airy. Toes need to wach the car. 2 aan nacoseary for ner to buy 20 mary range, tutene de 8 it wasnt necessary for us to take an umbrea. ‘ween ning. 4 was'inecessaryforua oti onthe ight. wast ar 15 itwgarinecensry forum fo came today, ute dd 6 twasnt necessary for you to make sandviches fr mo but you 7 aan’? necessary or thom to make reservations at the rotauret bul hay dd Rewnlto the sentences using the word irate, 1 ie necessary for Markt buy new does forthe reception, heed Mark docon's need tomeedn iy new (lth for the recep nnn 2 You arr alowed ick ese towers, must 2. Sarah obliged to ype har compotion a unver- sty 44 thas nacsssry or Paula make the bad need : 5 Mis your dito obey tha law wast necessary for Bab to wal or me, but he is need 7 eterno row itr on tho bach © Fmeuwofonaid iat home. must {vase rcassny for loot baka cake forthe pat. 10 W wast necessary for George to stay at work ato las rig, but he od, ve :atti te preset 8 an = fam able to © hingretsing persion 8) caninay = you ae allowed odo sth May's more foal tan can. JX. |b) cantinustnumay not » you ae not allowed to ecan tyan = oot ‘serplne. ay not fora en fe weully od in writen aby ite past ‘ould = Used tobe abl to (patropeated action) © asking permission Cantoudtayfitght |? = Bo youd you fia Wo ute these structures to ask pormission todo something. Could and may are more pole than an ight oral. ‘ We normaly reply with ‘Cerainy.70F course’? "Why noo, Tm ara you ean |) “Weave vour || woanae wens. ote Cencould’sha 2 ‘= Wouldyouttkome 2 \/ tures won wo ofr i) | a | to do something © sapestons Woccnicould (Shall wo 2 = Lets od Ho about 7st abou hy lon wo?rs © rogusis Cen/covldnwiwouts you. We'uee thse structures wien wo ack ody foo something for vs. Would andl could pote tan ean "Yost, ar was ate ace We normaly eply with "Cerinly FOF couse’ ‘The civer could have been led "Tm sony, but ean? (tachi, he wasnt) © negate epic! aszumptions © an is used inthe present. Could te the past | Cant = Fm auolcerin that sth ft trlreal, tense of con. We use bo abo 1010 frm allthe oer tenses. | 129 be ale to gota fob whan Ash echeat present simple: can, amie abl to past simple: coud washer abo fo Fin the gaps with an appropriate modal ‘erm then, ony whatthey xpress in el ‘romonce. 1A: -MayCarlCad. bere your pan, passe? ‘he spear saating for permis. No, you te musing Fmored ita shal wo do Wo. “ No, boca Late waich aida, on ‘iy parents told me pay wright Newer min 90 BNW stay at home fogeine though, Sn Tapeak te You fora moron, © poss, 1) coulmayinight + present ntiitve itis posses kelyperhps stone you tell me where the pst fei, please? Gat’ en ta rane eo Be shoo ‘eanyone stig en tat char? Navy take Hi you want 60say ut ree te ato emnaped 4) 0 Prone Saeiasareas ee ce aT Se re a ‘© We use could to show that someone had the ‘bity to do something repetealy inthe past (pest repeated action. 2g. Ho could rn vr fast whor ho was young (Head he abt odo reat in ho ast) “© Wo.ee could rather than wasare able to with heer, fos, sma, ast, under- and ques, 18g Toy coud eee ne som oxing. (WOT: ap wroabiotecen.) © We use he negate form couttt for bath eases 29.) stor couldnt wash hora won oho ‘as wo. est repeat cen) [Mar ve, ut ho cou tnd ou what was ‘wrong a te comput pt she actor) 1 Todd was avery lorie chi ‘Vi He Be plano ween howassonn: A coc Beau can 2 Yves taken a at cut of e even “Of ha ty sn el es brod when ‘ene home How waste ts” “Easy. he eo pe Awe abet Beall C cant 4 What are you doing this summa” “Tope 90.09 haley wth my tends 2 could B beabeto C can kh Mox Rewrite the sentences using the words inpota, 1 Do you ming tea the door epon fora while? fan Can Ilesve the door open for 2 wile? 2 You're cbiged oaks notes dung he etre, haven - oa 8 Tmsony, bt you ser lowed to eta room, must 1 Jack managed to unlock the door ‘ble en i a et 6 Lats ey game of hess, ould 17 Fmeatan rahe bored vith her work 1 Tevengly advise yout take up spor must an 1 Fm caine reson your des. 130 Yau may tk tna car tonight you want (@), serine stanton nd rere ta gsen Seca nee edn 1 You want to go on halay with your tons this yoo. Ask your parents or permission ‘am | o.0n holy ith my fend this your 22 You oe ala [ob ito. You ype ft, you se computers and you speak io foreign languages. Tol the ntriower abou your abies. {8 Your bars ying io cio what oy your mat for nr tity. You suggest a box of hocoses. 4 Your jacket is ay and you want wear tno wos tis necescary to ake othe dy cane’ $8 You want to have a day of work next week. Ak for your boas perission. ‘wan fim To open tho vandom, Make a request. 7 "Your mother is gig the shop, Sho eck you I you want anything, You tl artist necessary to ‘eating for you.‘The wore must have Wed ‘bean diving to fat Homust hee strained Ibex (=m cera ‘ne as sane is back) 1 he Tt oy sue Sparien. Fm ue you aon a cook. im eatan thre ning, || rm sn they wont be leaving tomorow. Train she hae te. muon sho ee mein he hadet phoned. (Ts they were wating perfect cont Int | meal she has been ering. | Tm cota he had been tying had Tey must ow ean wig Shemmust have Hocant have bes 10g a ee 1 tmeotain they goto bed ey an Sunday nhs, They ..must go tobe early on Sunday night 2 Tinsue John dd fay a a he alles ain -care have otayed late atthe office in haen ave yt He oS s z in oy ere working together. They : & tmsure Amy ha rshed hor homer ny ~ 6 marian she wash sath when ang. Sno ~ i = 47 mre har won hopes Ho : = 1 msuro ois looking for anow house She — ‘Tm enn Pl dd ite ind othe pany Paul ~ 10 moran you rave Deen Hanning the pope. You sa . “ 1 tm sure sho was wing at SAO = ~ 42 tm carta they hat pi el Tey — - 48 Tm ero ned bean thingibe pee = ~ 162© posaty (rosette) ‘nayinigheould + presen infiitve (= possible that she's tf or work) © possi (ps) ‘ayimigheuld + pros init twas possible, pethaps 1) We uso thece structures to eer to 8 past ‘acton which was possibly tue. 4g. The gts ao sll on” “Halon mayimighticould have frgoton to turn thom ofl” (Perhaps Helen fotos forgot tt tam ot) leo use them to reer to things whieh ‘were possible but eld nat hppen ay Is not ‘normaly uso inthis cae. 29. Why a yeu rn acres tho road? You mightlcoutd have been hed ‘uh, you wren hile) ‘Sudy tho fllowing negative sontonces: 8) Sho mayimight not now abut hese changes. (Portaps she deosn't know about the changes. expreses possi.) ‘Se ean'icouldn't know abort thse changes. (i corn tat oho dosnt row.» exposes cara) ') He mayinight not nave fete (Porhps he hs at ye -exresses posi) Ho eanticouldn't have et ye {Fm cot that ho ast I yo. - expresses cenit) » Me © astng pormision ayn? = Woe you ned 1? Wout these structures to ask permission when we do not know the ether poreon very well. © aiingretuing permission '5) mayan = you ae alowed todo th ‘Weuse mey and ean, but nt might oF cout, to gue pomission. May very formal and not used n everyday speech (0g. Yu canst hee yu he. evry spect) Peengere may fake ony one om of has nggag an board. fin notice) Note: We use Could. 10 aok permlesion, and ‘ean ar may, but not cou, rep. (69, Could ovate eae? "Yes, you canes, you may 'b)caninay not = you are net allowed todo sth We use cant and may not, but not couldn, to refuse permission. 9g. Seis may not wear cutor shoes onto ‘ako cout (= Suen arontalowedto) 1m say, ut you can't pak her. (NOT:#maary,botyou coun parce) © raquesis MayiMighvcardcout We use these stucures to ask for something Poli, Migh 2 ls more formal han My ‘nd isnot often64 rs B werrne ne tog sens man way npn 1 Pops asa pene os Lu yen poo hac 5 Sperlenuettessetent nme : + eee ere = - 2 Piaitmstaby fee Sean ini : a {le lemmtend bees neice Sorte ie : iS nuseasclriecees meter : : $ eet ataneeng ag = i patcenucrinaeed ase : Sova a ———— = quay thee Gxananlees i f RE Parhaps se Isa nse || sho may bo anus. Is posable he wl ome ey. Homight ome ea artap hey ae having break. “Ty eo be having a ok Ire we wil be moving house soon, | Wemay be moving house soon, Parapet ytd. _| Ho might nave fot yestercay. || is posite ene he lacked the door. “| She could have locked the door, || isthay ne had gone |_Homay have gone ot. Its posse thay ware sleeping Ty might have Ben seeping. Periectcont. in. || Perhaps thas ben airing thee, __| ‘cout ave been raining there Rephrase the fllowirg sentences in as ee ' Raperths we reeeutes Undone the correct word(s) In bold. 4 Parhaps toy at a wor, ‘A: Good morning, How 1 eanimust help you,” Thay nimayhnight/coul be a Werke BY IM@ to book a room fa right, please 2 Porhaps hee wang outside. & Cortniy si. He 5. How much does a single om cst or ne igh? 8 epee shel wo aight 2: £35, Paya n acvance. Sie Wha 2) Do have fo!Coute pay ht now? 4 eto was diving to fa 1%. Yes,Im ara you 3) nods pay aoranco, He 'B Realy Well 4} Do Ihave toShal pay in cas? 5 ts peas they mad ‘No, you 8) mustntneedn pay iene. You They — 6) couldean" pay by ere crd you ree. 6 Preps has mised ha bum {8 Thsis abit undcua 17) mayfmust look ny wa te lett se Ihave enough cash wth ne. 7 penis no nih som out eouttonhar hany.akyou te 1 Ie ly wow be eaving omoxen. put ~ Werner " ‘A Coos marnng. Hes ha ky. 9) Coutmuet eave 9 We ia li iy ‘my luagedehere unl ele olck oleae? fa . 18 Otenute 10) syed ay erred your stay? 10 Pemaps she had bon ying eal yu. 1X. Oh yes 111) eanimust rte down te pone ram She bor, 20 Ua | ean tay re again. 11 Weta ya Soon on aoa, 1: You 12) musintdon' nee to do thats. 19) have They fofcan gv you our ear 12 pei ting bes 1% Oh, tank you vary much. Goodbye, Ea B Goodbye,‘anfcoutsia 1 ‘a you choos © asin fr suggests o instructions use sha when wo ‘ako suggestions or intactons, Lo ‘thivewdeancoua Compare the flowing examples (6.9. Can) you post i eter? tra, ss polis than could or woud) CCoutetoutd you past ise? (mor pose than anor wil). We ten reply with Yes, Td (out) be harris tut exgrestes ston sve. Compare: Yo oud tat to your or (= Wout be @ geodisnto-) Somat orp (= tangy aie yun © cca lh foul + petite» wold Sow on tater you a. Weneatinen au Sucre to ano rrebody ai the HAMBIPS yssad rong tng ote ied post / (but you ee 0 your team ot) Stall. alp you witht washing up? "wohave pz order tnght? "ou ary hs fer me, pleas ‘wey fr Bob's bby? 65 you ans the phone, plese? ‘wos the clssroon? 1 You had botor book your ight ear ou ough tvs bk your igh ay. 2 Would yu tke mato raw he cua lo you? {3 Wy dont we go to'@ Japanase resiaurant for a change? 4 srengly advise you to Se adoctor as soon a possbie, {5 Gan you cl Grog fr me place? 16 Youroughtio have checked thebatery Deore yout 17 Everybody is obigod to pay twos. ~ '8 You dort need 16 0610 the supermarket today. 10 They managed © got to the there in time, despite ‘no heay wal, 111 You arent aloud to Keop pt in the buiiding, 412 Do you mind if take the rest ofthe day off GB, norton te ome word ‘You mayimustnt rnin tho coro. ts dangerous CCanfShout ask you a qusston? {Wishaw go ot or eh today? ‘You mustshoukin sty thane # you ae ‘Tony eanteoukint a hotest wa aay iy book cantimusin't be ms howe. vo looked rere ‘You migntinoedt loan ho windows estoy one then ‘Misha help your Youncedntimustnt do he sopping, ldo tater Sam ot forthe spon his moring, He shoud could hao missed is gh, ‘Look at the pictures and answer the ‘quastions sing musica’, aon the pon 09. Yeo: They must be hiende. Gy. creore memos sororiat resense 1 Wal yu open the door for mo, please? A Yes,|may. caitay. 2 Could speak o you fora moment, pss? ‘A Yes, ofcourse. B No you count. 3 Sha carry that bag for you? 2 No, youwodt. 8 NO, tf oy, ean manage. 4 Gould go he nama tnlht, osoa? Not tal 8 Yes, you Ime We could goto hotest orig. [Nats arace ides.” B No, wo might nl {© Gan! borrow your pen please? A Notat ‘8 Of coure, 7 Can you pick the citron vp om soar me? No, may net. B No problem {8 Wid you plese cive mato the sept tomarrow? iy cari being coins A Fave hoppy Boo, wou 9 Cant help you, si 28’ No, youcant. B No, hank you-mjustookng 10 Could you hod ti or mo, peas? Yo, could. B Of couse, 11 Shall ako you to work tomorow? 2, please. BN, you wont.bigtoniatynecessty You must in he contact. Paver obiged fou hate rand is ee exoy) Fmt gate contact (ave die) 6) Ihave sino conect (Sanco ete has ected) ack of necessity 2) Hie dosent eed ofoasnt har toiaednt gt» tax giv hi at. sr acesary) 1) Heck ned to gata tax Coats ave i it (as racesay rin gota a) ) Hemant neve goto to (at neceseny for tooo a, th sevice 8) Yo ought oshoul eis for ur st (aes you too Bad bet by Fmt os youre 0 egy ai yao) suggestions 4 Wo canfcoukd go ot fr ea er. 1) Shattwe goad ora mea! a? [late hy cortvo.-ewabext.2atab 7) sy «2 Kani tvoyens os Shean eadan we econ) 2) han ane wastes, eho coud euro en, (past epete atin) Tony wae ae owt race fanaged od: past shal acon) Taco abity 8) A ea’ ply piso ser 1) St coun evn st when he was young. (pas epeted actor) «Sp count each he top cha, oan tough ste te at singe ston) ashing permission ‘Can Jopan te window, plas? froma 1) Gould pan te wan, pase ina ote) £6) Alayligt open tn ward, pss? fem) {Daya minds Mout yu ed 7) vg permission 49) You can ay our gag (je ae allo to do tora) 1) Youay fee your ogpage nis we. ‘evar aloud od ema probate) ‘etusing permission 9) You cantmust park are {jo ar at awed to th loma) ox ay not pr nh rea (jovar otaloned 6 dal essay wien ate) requests 2} Cant you ap wit is xs? (orm 2) CoutdWould yu ap mo wah sores? (orp) May Pov neo tas ett? (lms) 19 Might rave nao ta at? (roy oma) prohion Yeu mustotean' Be Sy eour (ro friddonou sre alowed t's ais es) ‘ekng for suggestions or nstuctions Wenow shal cost ou? possony ') Sha couldimaynight tis ar week ys otock. (is psa ayparans) 1) Sim eouldiight have bean ie. (. Lucky, ste venti) fers ‘ShallCan\Could help ou css he ro? {oud you Bh fo you seo e207) toga escumtions 4) Sta must be on ol. (pov; Pm suo soi) 1) Stn eat be woking. fap: Fn sr he) 1} Hemast have Been on Ply poi) ‘3 Ho cant have boa aha. gate) cella i lshoud have fod hr etch (fio hive been teh abort tut)s ate tho Items in column Ato the ‘Synonyms in column 8. @ Sea 1 ea 1 Yousteuldoug 0. 9 Yuentalowedts — 2 Youu 2 ce ewes 2 Shatve.t o Why dante? 4 Youreart Ge 8 Womearthare... | © Rwettneetay or © Weadntresso 7 Yount 8 owas abo 9 hermute 10 Hocantbe 1 cau. 12 Hamay be Rophraco the following sentences in as many ways ae posable. 1 sdvies you to buy th book "You shoul/ought to buy tis book. 2 ian’ necessary for hi tae ho exam goin, 8 im sure Tery lant athe ofco. 4 Ils posse that Janet wilco mo ta evening ‘5. You arent alowed vl and arian the cssrooms {6 We are obliged to lock in and xt every day. 7. Fm sure the boys werent upset with he re 8 Would you like metodo aning oa? rape we wi goto ape er Sunday aieran, 410 Sam managed to reach the top of the mountain ior cmbig for several ous, 11 How about rowing a pariy on your bintday? ‘12 wean’ necessary for John send the seminar. 18 Thoy aro obliged to go oa mocing eve wea “14 How about visting some fiends on Saturday? Dy enrtetc corte Goulgttay/Shat you ot me te time plese? Yes: I's 2 quater pat tn WoutaShetWit we go shopping tonight? Yes. We noed to buy some cod. MayiShoulaMoud ele you, mada? ‘Yes pase. CanShativeu rave hese shoes Inlac,plosse? outdo gel you anchor cp oft No, thnk you. Pv had ong. CaniShatita you post ts etarfrme, please? Crt 1: on my way home tom werk. ‘ShallWouiaCout | peak to Jem, pease? "mony, shes not here a the oman. ‘Oh. must/shanoutd al ster, ren? ‘Mayronniouta havea glass of wae, please? Yes, got you ono. CCoultay/shall you putice nit, passe? id you ca sane? No, lal need toineeet because I es her ator ‘ShalitayiCoud you help me, pass? Yes, of cause. ‘Yu musttineedn couldn't ock tho dor 8: Of, wilyou doit when you leave? © em one ne [oem moring to tol you about the plan ging obo In. cata Only fo Yu, anal ve gat tho lang rola have it of toes and 11) musth lan thom al bate opening nigh Wo'e pertrmang ne ly rh fet mo on Fey | night We bsentcatnata TV company 2) muelmay ‘ome im it 013) eaulnuat boon ease, | Aa) needvnight even bacoma teu Wes) mightmave to rehearse ho pay vey right | nt Fide, becouse evening 6) musta be pr | fettr the psermanco, Wo 7) eould'musin make | any mistakes 8) Carfust you come to seo tho ply, | rit you be at work? hope youl be abe cama ("Toy coutamust go and learn my ines now. S26 } you soon preBrrererer i ChavesQQ, croose te correct answer 4 "You 6. bate or work “Trnow Fn Tening now Ainecdrt Brwat c must 2 “im. o69 somo weight. Hs doctor sad “Than he must goon a det” Amun Bean haste 91. gotethe bank oda hae enough money. “Wai go aloe, ten Rencednt Bhaveto must 44 “Did you deter tat paral or me?" “Ne [--ndino ash soTvecae beck toga ep hess B could ‘cous 5 ocean the Reuse today ts ty “till you" A esc B must © musint 6 fod the dag at anche. My brethor i ‘inthe moran” "You ean this evening, then ‘A cit noesto B neeentnare ¢ nocd 7 ‘Do you need any bap” “Yes! open be window. Is tuck Bcauid "B amaboto C cant 8 Tem unt was tan “Wid dia fam ura was even” can ‘cant © couldnt 1 ‘Cant ato you, please” ‘ety, go ROW. ma fora mectng Rima “Bhat Cm 10." Tom good at anguages? "Yes, tsps French, German anc Reet Bem © cous 11 "he test a lo ler ma ‘ratte tte A'wenablata” B cant com 12 Were’ Tom “Hote rat at work, 30 No. bo ate rary Remust Beant ‘cea 13 1 wo go shopping today? “ios praterto go twrextow” Ought B Shall cw 14 "Seary Mum. fv broken a pate Yat nn Bo mere care” ray should G might 15 "Whore your tae? ‘Ho... bointhe garage git can © must Ft in can, cant, musty stn, net oF fv ton 1 fs teMatnow ore? B: Heme. bo. Ho cives¢ Ferar Me A Wut autho come stoping wih na? Yoo, but a omy 4 le Tom intrested musi? B: Onyos He nn ‘2aasophone 4 eae at home? & 8 x lay the gui ant No, she be. Her care nat hae {Can go the cna teright? Yes, bat you be ate home. up. Yul be aaa acoal {010 schoo today Excuse re, im obking for Bathe Bank Frail ron ap yu. dont vo her. Complete the sentences, a9 in tho ‘xample, Sometimes more than one ‘snower fo porsblo. Hoa se 1 Shal_wegotothezod?, making a suggestion 2 Yeu. re 19 giving ever 3 You ie Photcaphs here ebresing prohibit 4 any is a making an fer Jum of * i ih please” abing a request You awe =e beens cash,” | ering rc ” Gaal aerator pomeson am ‘walks expecting lack of Ison seman od, aby 8 Mary 7 SON epressingposly ate wear expressing obigaion Seal wil avrg. eted, exoseinga posve 11 Moy Seaman ree hes ca teens refusing permission | oan ees & 1M be Sm ea tomptor rr te. shng parsonbs GB), cnoce te comectanawen 1 Aloter sive et your house. You are sets rom Paul 2 Wight be tom Paul Bk rt bo rom Pa {ita have boon tom Paul You have toetache. Your mater gies you somo sues. 18 You may go ote det. 'B You shoud go othe denis. {You might goto me coret. ‘You are looking fr your sat Yu thnks uptars. 2 Want be upetas. 1 Mula bo vst Nou be upstas. Your ator oi you todo your homework. You tal your tienes, 2 co my homework. 1B {have todo my hamewrk I might 6 my homework ‘You want you neighbour to babys for you tog. ‘8 Wout you baby or re tonight? 1 Stal you babyat forme toright? 1 Must you babysit fr ma terighe? ‘You a he wasting-up for your mothe, but she ‘dd expect you to. 1A You mosin' rave dove he washing up. B You might nat have done re washing up (¢Yeu ood’ have done he washing ip. Thora was good fim on T, You are sure John ct wat ‘John shoul nave wate i. 1B dorm might hove watzhoa it {Jan cant have valent You want to have a pot in your but your landlord tole you tin sowed. ‘8 Yau must hoop pets ine a 8B You noodn' Keo pois nto fat. 1 Yeu wi not keep pets inte ft ‘0 ladys tying to open he door. You oer to do tor he 1 Cautd' opon th door fr your? B Ast open he door yor? {Shall opon the door or yo? You toto do tho shopping, su your moh says Ilent necossay 2 You must do the shopping. 1 You ned do the shoppira. (You could dothe sopping Qo wees 1 You .B.do your hemenork before you vse Ty. Rew Benue hall 2 ne LeOM@ i? Stee col et Rao Rous may e Must 8 Your nen Wale ho plants tis weekend they leo. A wonblelo 8 nocant —& oughitto 4 nnn ot ole thei tom scoot please? wi a e May 5 you play the lana racy Bust Should 6 Voce buy some mi Theft ny mist Bimey mu Wii no 8 0? R's Bimist—— noodnt 8 1m s bor Iwas abl to walk Bight Bou can 9 You Wal to Work. ge Yu Brmist” B peednt may $0 Tin bo ut There 6 no Hig on Rida "'B shoud C must ‘Look atthe plotutes and answer tho ‘questions using moval verb, ae in the sampler (09, No, he ca be playing. He must: be doling hs homework Reprinted neve© @ 2 UNIT 5: Modal Verbs rmusiet 5 rust hoednsent 6 noadn't/don't have fave to ‘You must speak to your parents bout your sosion. Emma noedridoesr't have to atend femnonon’s eal mest, lakhs to wear as sn i work, ‘Aono must be om Man. Roger musthes tind soon. Sho noede't have beught so. many ranges. ‘ie cent neo to take an umbraa, Wie erro to tn on te ight He neat have ead ma ea ‘You need have mad sande fore, Thoy noe rave made esovatons st ‘You mus pick these owes Sera has to type er compostions at ‘Yu must obey hel, Bab rood have wale for mo ‘Yu musi teow tren te Beach ‘Ronald must beat hon ‘lo dnt need 0 Bale a cake fr the ary. [George nsdn Have ie a wer te lestriht carinay not (The spekor Ie reusng ‘cant (The speaker le exresing abit in the presen) ‘sant ho cposkorcayng tal helene {ant alowed todo sh) ‘ant {ho spoakor Saying that hale ‘Sr allowed todo sh) ouldlean (The speaker ie making a suggestion) canlcoudmayinight (The speaker is ‘king permission) ‘CanvGoutivaiWoud (te speaker ie making arequost) ‘cavinay "(The speaker is giving pormision) ce aA 40 ‘Yu have ake nol ing elec. soy, bu you must’ enter his eer. loc was able to nck the door, ‘nn nao have cooked cer Wo cut pay a amo a chess Sarah must bs bored ih her wer You must ake up spar. Liz cant be irtrste in your ias "You ca tke the car tonight # you war can ype fst, oan use compere ana ‘an soak two fren lnguages. ‘Wi cout buy era box of enocolaes. Trust take ry jacket the dy ean’, ‘Cauda ave ay of work not woth plus? ‘CaryitiroulasCould you open the window, place? "You nsec" get enyting forme, hanks cant hee red ye. must be worang tgother cont hve finished her homework. ‘most have boon faving a bath whon ang. ait havo won th pis. ‘must be looking fr anew house. hve lad ind To ay. ‘must neve Deen planning he project ‘ust hove bac wing eer, cant hve pl the bi ‘ust have ben ng tho pe. gears hve tla ac hens btte operating an patents MaynaghuCosaCan | open the wiedom (lose)? Poor dt neo iia te wash the dog (eone dan,@e@ Emily ws bi oes th op shal oven though abe drt havea nde You musitleanvinay not copy tos ht the manage’ permission, ‘We coucan sponds oveing at home, ‘Shale spend te evening stoma? Pratice most have ieundesood my Iretctons Hole art havo know about er supe pay _-mayinighcou bo waking ouside rmaymigcould wer teen = maymighcoul have been aril too weet maylnighcoul hive made a isiake mayo have mes Bo bu ‘maynighlcous hae been paying tio snow ‘maymighvcoubaaovng tomorow, mayo ey thre rayngcould have been ying toca vou. Imayigtlcosd hive seen the tn ica Tinyigtlcou be sting a the ian. Dothavete 8 dorithaveto must 9 cou Dothaeto 30 May sc 11 ma ‘oud 42 dont nd to rust 12 can en ec) war 6 hal shat 7 Va Shall ta the cutis or you? ‘We couleavLote goto aapanese resiurt or a change. Sha we go 0 ‘spanase restaurant achenge? You must see a desir as soon 95 possbie. Woukdiivcoul you call Greg for me, plooeo? You should have chocked the batlry otc yu Everybody musts te pay oes. You nesdedert have to go 10 the ‘iperart tay. Belly dnt noodhove to call @ tx ‘because gave her a ® @ © ee 0 2 " ‘Thay were abo to got fo tho thea in time dest the hay a You mustnvesnvmay nol keep pols In the busking, MayhigniCouldan 1 oko the rest of the dy of plese)? can 5 coulda 8 Shall ‘Shall «6 cant eedht must 7 nowdat 10 could I eat be wirtar. They cant have ft ‘choad She cant have had shower, The ‘weer cat Beco. ‘She cant have boon plying inthe oes. Sho cant be na supermarket. She must be ooking or @ oot. sho rust enjoy ‘She cant be the bebys ster. Tho baby fant be sleoping. They cat bon the A 48 68 8A 0B 8 SA 7B OB TA 1 5b oa th © 68 99 wI seminars = Seaman Beata cone wares IEEE cena SSRs ES Shien eign eS eT sae SEL an op ate Soe noe SSnerrerte ant scn ns Eien wren Sato Set mane ieee ee aaa Seemon aren Sashat 7 May, Cou May, can ant need to shat ro) con 1 ert ‘cous, Sal my 5 have Gan could must 8 must ‘right 7 mustet ¢ sB8 sc nA ue Rn GA OC RA BA 6 76 we we can, have to) & must ‘must 6 haveto can 4 neodet cont 6 cant shoddinusy cant ought to mayiihe ‘musineany could ‘may not 1¢-mmuhave to ‘halfCan/Couls 11 mee ‘Coutcan! Wout shouldougt to Mayleoud carig 8 48 6c 8A WB © 5A 76 96 a 48 6c 86 we © 5A 7A 98 No, he eant be at hans, He must be at Sctiool. He must be apupt. She must havo gradusiad. Sho must fea happy and proud. Na, he cart be her fathor He must be he husband, ‘Sho could be inet cay oes. Sho rust have grown th lw haa. Sho ‘rust joy gadening She most bo a housewde, ‘She ‘can tat sick animals, She has to ‘laid of animals. She must ke arial. shoud ake a course ‘may be questonng rust be hing ® © ® ® @® @® can havea brea owant have gen rc ron oan have to cook ‘oul ave gone 10 maybein 11 ree hoe ealod 12 Should nave Prepositions 3 ot ‘out or Phrasal Verbs 2 avy 8 3 wy 8 4D ; ave nothaven't put them up has be plneng avo a ought Fre Been caning vert ried 10 ave ites 1 ave Deon weing 2 3 6 has ordared 7 ° ° 2 As 5 before 3 whio 6 stor 4 before 7 nt © when be 2 oat 4 speak 6 6 Fave beon fish be ding 10: have et ‘ype Words to be crossed ou 2 be 6 She 3% 7 had 4a beng 10 ago 2 had aro ied 8 walsnndval te tanding 4 ieenting 55 havefve hist dono haa been waltng {witha ended