CAMBRIDGE Jack C Richards & Chuck Sandy APUG OF renee sence a, ey ao Student's BookJack C. Richards & Chuck Sandy USEAGOE Second Edition | CR asain Student's Book CAMBRIDG! rE UNIVERSITY PR} ESS‘CAMMRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ‘Canbridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, io Paulo, Dh Cambrage University Press ‘9 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 1018-28, USA wor cambridge org Thformation on this title: worw cambridge. org/9780821688015 (© Combritige University res 90,2008, “This publication isin copyright Subject to staxuory exception and tothe provisions of relevant collective Hcensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without dhe writen permission of Cambridge University Press. Fira published 1960 Second Edition 2008 Printed in Hoag Keng, China, by Golden Cup Pristing Company Limited A atl redo his pation is amiable fom the Bris Library Eibary of Cons Cataloging in Paitin Data Richard, Jack C. Passages dent book 2/ by Jack C. Richards & Chuck Sandy. ~ 2nd ed. poem |saN 7.001. c0te (pbk, with audio ed/ed-rom) 1. English language Textbooks fer foreign speakers. 2. English language ~ Problems, exercises, ee. 1. Sandy, Chuck. I. Tike Ps1128.24999 2008, 4.4 22 {sm 91e-0521.69301-8 student's book with elfstady audio CD/CD-ROM (Windows, Mag) SON 9e-c2108998-7 workbook SBN 979-381.69302.0 teacher alton and audio CD ISBN 9740-521-66995.1 CDs audi) Cambridge University Press has no responsibility fr the persistence ot sceuricy of URL or external or thire-party Internet Websites referred tin this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sitesi, ‘or will emia, accurate oF appropriate Art ection, book desiga, photo research, and layout services: Adventure Hoase, NYC. ‘Audio production: Paul Ruben ProductionsAuthors’ Acknowledgments A great numberof people contributed tothe development of Pusages, Second Eton, Psticulas thanks are owed to the following “The reviewers using, Pages inthe following schools and inatitates~ thei insighis and suggestions have helped define the content and format ofthe second edition: Maria Ekzabeth Andrews from Proficiency School of English, Sic Paulo, Brazil; Vera Licia Cardoso Berk rom Talkative Idioms Center, Sio Paulo, Brazil; coordinators and teachers from Phill ‘Young's English School, Curitiba, Brazil Janete Carvalhinho de Oliveira and Sandlei Morees de Oliveira from Centro de Linguas para a Comunidade, UFES/DLL, Vitoria, Brazil; juliana Costa da Silva, Soraya Faris Mactins,Valdemie Pinto da Siva J, and Luciana Ribeiro da Siva fom Alternative Language Learning, Rio de Janeiro, Brail, Daniele ‘Sampaio Cordeito from Sociedade Brasileira de Cultura Inglesa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Inara Laicia Castillo Couto from CEL-LEP, Sio Paulo, Brazil; Mailda Flores Sale, Maria Helena Medirado and Savio Siqueiva from ACBEU, Salvador, Brazil; Angela Graciela Mendonza dos Santos irom Focas Consultoria Edneacional, Rio de Jancito, Brazil; Caroline Ciagiwods and Aguirre Pinto Neto from Exien English School, Curitiba, Brazil Evania A. Netto and Anderson Lopes ‘Siqueira from ICBEU, Sio José dos Campos, raz Silva Sapiense from Speed English Center, So Palo, Brit Michael Twvohey from York University, Toronto, Canada; Randa Ibrahim Mady and Magda Laurence from the Centre for Adult and Continuing Fducation, the American University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt Janie Dupuis, Dale Palmer, ‘Kent Suder, and Stephanie Wilson from GEOS, Japan; Gregory Hadley fom Nilgata University of International and {Information Studies, Niigata, Japan; Brian Quinn from Kyushu University, Fuksoks, Japan; David Michael Duke Christine A. Figueroa, nd Thomas Greene ftom Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Kore inyoung Hong, Susan Kel Young-Ok Kim, Jennifer Lee, and Scoit Miles from Sogang University, Seoul, Korea; Christopher N. Payne from Seoul ‘National University, Language Education Institute, Scoul, Korea julia Samuel from Sahmyook University English Department, Seoul, Korea, juan Alvarez Chaves from Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Zapotlanelo, Jalisco, “Mexico; Samuel Bolanos Whangpo and Luis G, Dominguez Arellano, and Diana Jones from Centro Universitario Angloamericano, Mexico City, Mexico; A. 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Astorne Guillen from CED EI Buen Pastor, Lima, Peru; Cacia Carmeling from ICPNA, 1a Molina, Peru; César Ceaccya Leiva from ICPNA, San Miguel, Peru; Amparo Garcia Pena om TCPNA, Cusco, Pers Elizabeth Hatas Castillo rom Centro Binacional El Cultura, Trujillo, Peru; Claudia Marin Cabrera from Universidad Peruana do Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru; Silvia Osores and Maria Isabel Valencia from Colegio de La Immaculada, Lima, Peru; Samuel Chen from Taichung YMCA Language School, Tuichung, Taiwan, Shih-Wen Chen from National ‘Ting Hua University Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, Hsinchu, Taian; Hany Foreign Languages, National Chengehi University, Taipe, Taiwan; Hues chih Lia from Shu-Te University, Kaohsiang, ‘Taiwan; Julie D. Adler, Beth Kozbil Ernst, and Kelly Wonder from University of Wisconsin-Fau Claire, Fay Cite, Wisconsin, USA; Renata Concina, Mary Horosco, Margaret A. Lowry, and Lil Sanches rom The English Language Institute at Florida International University, Mian, Florida, USA; Mary Gilman from Des Moines Area Community College, Des Moines lowa, USA; Leste Lot from Embassy CES, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA Paul Paiteell from Talk Imernational, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA; Elisa Shore irom City College of San Francisco, San Francisco, Califor, USA; Theresa E. Vila from Kast Los Angeles Skills Center, Los Angoles, California, USA; Ranch Wilder, Uipper Sale River, New Jersey, USA. ‘The editorial and production team: Sue Brioux Akicom, Sue Andre Cosello, Eleanor K. Barnes, David Bolilke, Mike Boyle, Jeff Chen, Sarah Cole, Inara Licia Castillo Couto, Leste DeJesus, ill Freshney, Rod Gammon, Deborah Goldblatt, Pan! Heacock, Louisa Hellegers, List Hutchins, Genevieve Kocienda, Cindy Leaney, Linda LiDestr, Andy London, Paul Macintyre, Diana Nam, Margareth Perucci, Sandra Pike, Mary Sande, Tamar Savi, Satoko Shimoyame, Susanna Sovlergren, Loti Solbaklcen, Louisa van Houten, Mary Vaughn, Jennifer Wilkin, Jenny Wilsen, and all the desig and production team at Adventure Howse, ‘And Cambridge University Press staff and advisors: Sarah Acosta, Harry Ahn, Yumiko Akeba, Jim Anderson, Mary Louise sez, Kathleen Corley, Kate Cory-Wright, Maiea Fatureto, Claudia Fiocco, Elizabeth Fuzikava, Cecilia Gomer, Heather Gray, Yuri Hara, Catherine Higham, Peter Holly, Jenifer Kim, Robert Kim, Ken Kingery, Kareen Kjelstrup, Gareth Knight, Nigel McQuitty, Joao Maduroira, Andy Martin, Alejandro Martinez, Joha Moorcroft, Mark O'Neil, Marcus Paiva, Orelly Palmas, Jinhee Pack, Walter Quizor, Carlos Ramicez, Ricardo Romero, Tereza Sekiya, Catherine Shih, Howard Siegelna, Aleione Tavares Soares, Iv Sorrentino, lan Sutherland, Koen Van Landeghein, Sésgio Varela, and Ellen Zlotnick Aaitional duanks are owed to Cindy Leaney for Grammar Pus section. iting the Self-study section and to Paul Maclntyre for writing theWelcome to Passages! Passages, Second Edition, is a two-level course that will help you raise your English to the next level. You've already learned the basics and have progressed to the advanced level. To take you further, Passages, Second Edition, emphasizes new and sophisticated grammar and vocabulary, listening and reading texts on more challenging topics, academic writing activities, and thought-provoking discussions. Unit features ‘Starting point presents new ‘grammar in both formal and conversational contexts. teaches phrasal verbs, prefixes and suffixes, and ccollocations (words ‘that go together. There is a Self-study section to help build your academic skills, and this book also includes the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary on CD-ROM. Each unit consists of two four-page lessons. Each lesson contains a variety of exercises, including starting point, vocabulary, grammar, listening, discussion, writing, and reading, Here is a sample unit. Grammar activities: help you use the new grammar to talk about yourset. Listening activities develop skils such a5 listening for main ideas, making inferences, and note taking, Writing buts ‘academic writing skills step by step ‘nd gives cloar ‘examples for each task.Lesson Bis a ‘complete four-page lesson, with new ‘grammar and Vocabulary, and a new twist on the: unit topic, Speaking activities Grammar “noticing’ activities help you {ind more examples ‘of the new grammar in context. Useful expressions boxes help you ‘manage conversations, For example, this lesson teaches ways to report something surprising. include discussions, Surveys, personality ‘quizzes, and more. Grammar Plus hhas additional explanations and extra practice for ach lesson's grammar. More resources Reading presents a variety of text types, practices a range of reading skils, and promotes discussion and critical thinking, ‘Self-study offers more listening practice (on the unit topic. Dictionary skills activites Use the dictionary GD-ROM included in your ‘Student's Book. Communication reviews atter every three units include progress checks and additional listening and speaking activities. ‘The Workbook gives you language practice and extra reading and ‘writing activities, ‘The Teacher's Edition Includes additional games, projects, and readings, as well as written and oral quizzes.vi Plan of Book 2 a Unit 1 Relationships pases 2-9 A. The best of, + fring and escbing trends friends ‘+ Expressing opinions BB. Make new friends, * Statnapeteronoes but keep the old... * Staring fiensip aves Unit 2 Clothes and appearance pases 10-17 A The way we + Dicoussing approaches fashion dress + Desertng syle and ends B How we appear ——_* Exessing opinions aout citing to others i ‘+ Talking about fist impressions * esering appearances Unit 3 Science and technology pages 18-25, A Good science, + Taking about scenic acvances bad science + nayang ees of ciroe mnie B Technology «ox etl bois and you a) + Phrasal vrts| “+ Acceso describe + Gerunds ‘tendship constructions + re-words ‘+ vew o ver pate + Agjectves deserting syle (ett sentences with what + Actes describing outward appearance + Indefinite and dette atic = sing laos 1 Acces use to scuss| ‘sue assovatod wth ‘ecrnalogy ‘= Colocaions used to exrass ‘trent atiudes Unit 4 Superstitions and beliefs pages 28-35, A. Superstitions B Believe it or not + Talking about personal baits Comparing belts ‘+ Repating wat someone ese believes + Boressng opinions Unit 5 Television and reading pages 36-48 A. Television B Trends in reading “= Disoussing your favre TY programs ‘Discussing advantages and disadvantages oy ‘+ Taking bout the role of rating in yurite + Discussing rendsn reading and tectniogy Unit 6 Musicians and music pases 44-51 A Aworld of music B_ Getting your big break ‘= ein and caring ews on music + Bxpressing preferences + Comparing and coasting + Denning success ‘Commenting on acs Reporting causes + oparing clauses inthe passive ‘+ xresson with ck + Aectvesodesorte tath and febrcaton| 1 Such. Wat and so... tat Sentence adverbs + Nauns fr types of programs + Aijectves io desote eating materi ‘+ Dovble comparaties + Callocatons usd 0 «+ Waren wovo tects and eset music generat tnatis * ilo used in he tertlament inary* Talking about wat iends shoud have in common ‘+ Taking bout the best way to meet hends * Discesing ways to maintain relationstis Discussing ctferent opinions fashion Discussing how frst impressions ae formed Discussing tps for making a god frst impression Discussing how poople respond to appearance * Discussing the poste efects and negative consequences of acnlogy an scenco Discussing your feetngs about new technology Taking a survey aout your relationship with technology * Atak aout aterences between * Developing a thesis fenésips among men and statement fiendsips among women ‘+ Witing paragraphs * young woman describes a supporting a thesis chance encountar statement * The people descr thelr approach *- Wn a eampiton to-othes about a persanal belt + The pzope explain now st * Giving examples to impressions afect them support tess statement > Areporerciscuses goneticaly ting summaries ‘osied food Wing a summary of a * Acamedian aks about titi he shartaricle has wth tecnoloay in his nouse denying essardia intormation + “Tho Value of ber Friendship" How the nteret ‘schening ‘wendtips + Fistimpressions (Court Howto ake a good fist impression "who re th ‘is diferent approach to ecology Describing suerstions om your county or culture * Discussing aferen evs on superstitions Taking a sunoy of telots + Teng stories * Discussing haates and why peo este them * Discussing the postive and nective infuences of TV Taking about esis of reacing sary Taking about persona tastes “Taking about styles of mesic Discussing the role of music diferent contexts hocsing he best advice fr success + Anumbr of people ave explanations + ‘Restating he thesis {orsuperstitons ‘he fast paragraph + Two peopl discuss a TV hoax * Ging general examples * Wing a compton aout supersttins ‘Weis discuss popular TV shows * Wrtingarevew ofa * Two peopl tak about hw people TWprogram Deri om eading Weare * ncuring essentiat information in review + Two people share rar pions. on \Witng a comoare-and erent sons cones essay * young woman gives her end + Desorbing similares advice on his musi career and erences * "The Legend ofthe Hope Damond' The history of “The king Stone™ Reviews fram Reader: Book "Making Music ‘Undo the Stross cof New York's ‘Subwey musiins vilUnit 7 Changing times pases 54-61 A Lifestyles in * Descrtng changes in estes * poland rece ett transition + Analyzing hw changes fest pronouns cieren peopie + Asif though te nay, BB Preserving the Past yecussing th impatance of preserving ara ike ancient radtons Unit & Consumer culture pages 62-69 A. What's new on * Takeing about bargain shopping * Placement of det andro the market? ‘* Comparing shopping experiances: objects “om Ms © corse ee awareness aae ae ” * Discussing effective advertsng Unit 9 Animals pages 70-77 A. Animals in our lives: + Discussing the lef animals + Whenever and wherever + Taken about atearis ot animals contasted wit wher rd tere B People and x their pets + Exressing onions act amas Noun aes wth wererand ‘+ Discussing tends ard pampered pets + Taking about specie and undetermined tine an acaion| Profies used to create ants Cotocations with change xpress used to ‘dsciss shopping Marketing sategies Categories of animals and anima boy parts ‘Animal similes Unit 10 Language pages 0-87 A Communication skills * Talking about etecive communicators * Talking about you own anguage + Overview a pssives * subjec-ve agreement + Discussing carect anguage ue win quantities B 7 Netural language acing ges coin language probims Unit 11 Exceptional people pages 88-95 A. High achievers + Taking act peopl who ave made + compound adectves animpact + Describing human characteris * tganizing evens ctronlogialy * Describing qualities of god ole model B People we admire + Supeatve compound aces Unit 12 Business matters pages 98-103 A. Entrepreneurs B The new worker ‘+ Taking about successful entrepreneurs + Taking about hypothetical stations * Camparing and contrasting persona prefrences ‘+ xpessing values and preferences in ork ad business + Subjectvet inversion in ‘condtonal sentences + Adve clauses of conaiion Discourse markers Idem expressions related ‘othe use of engiage Compound secties eat tothe body rasa verbs Prepositions following werk Nouns and asjectves tering to esse quatis nthe workplace Eee Grammar Plus: Additional grammar practice and explanation pages 106-129 Self-study: Listening, vocabulary, and dictionary skills pages 130-151+ Discussing este tends “alg about te results of suv on how wel you cape wth change ‘+ Disoxsing compulsive shopping ‘+ Talkiog bout the best ways to shop for ilerent items + Discussing advortsng campaigns and undercover ‘marketing strategies + Discussing te eties of using animals in ferent es + Discussing a survey on ics associates ‘th animals “aking about te convnionc or inconvenience of cnming a pet Two young people sas the + ing about personal lflerencesbetwoon thei generation experience ‘ang that oftheir parents + tng about past events Two people discus how to + Proving details preserve chtas anf “Two people tak about sopoing + Supporting an opinion brefrences * Wing acomasiton “Three rado advrtcomonts about shappira Reports on unusual ways in which ‘Wing a assicaton ‘animals help peso essay ‘pet shop nner aks about + Organizing information ‘sable pets into lear categories + "Leaving the at aco forthe Simple Lie" Retectons on-amajr change initeshie + *Guenlas in Our Mist’: Marketing gimmicks + “Kenn of the Mind”: Oo sume pets benefit froma, ad + Dizussng a sivay on public speaking + hing advice on howto olinteresting stories + Dizussng problems wth language 1 Tang about “wet speak” ands appropriateness + Discussing poop who have made an impect your county + Discussing the qales and gusing principles of exceptional paople ‘+ Discussing famous cuottons ‘Taking about heroic betavir nou everyday es Dicussing jb adverisements Discussing a survey on work environments and your ‘eal ‘Analyzing the qualities of the ideal job Diecussng the quate of a sucnesstu worker + Two poop aiscussuneuocesstu + Toe people tak about werkshops = mnexpertaies advice on tow tomake + Persuasive writing eflectve presentations + Supporting a postion + Troe one-sided conversations ‘Arguing against he ‘ppcsng positon “+ Ameivatonal speaker tas about tie + Wing biography quae of hig actieers ‘+ Organizing paragraphs in + Two poope tak aout cers whe have chronological rer ‘made adierencein ther ves + Using time vers an pases na. compxstion ‘+ Wn formal eters ‘= Undorstanding the parts offer eter usinoss ventures | they tended ‘+ "Sung Arca: Ditton varies of English ‘= "Am Caton, Social Enteproneu ‘oluieeing isan opportunity the ame = "The Value of Diference” Inv tiferences inne workplaceq Relationships Lesson A - The best of friends The nature of friendship A. Read these statements about friendship. Can you explain what they mean? starting ~~ What other statements would you add to the list? point What is a friend? |: 4:#2nasssomeone wno brings out the best in you. 2. cood triends are always happy to help when you run into problem, [UME Seirasr anammuter nena you're feeling bad. 4. True friends don't drift apart even after many ‘years of separation. 5. A real friend will always stand up for you when others are putting you down. G. Never be afraid to open up and ask a friend for advice. A true friend will never turn you down. 7, Make new friends, but hang on to the old ones. 8. Good friends are hard to come by, harder to leave, and impossible to do without “The first statement means a good friend will reveal all your positive qualities.” B Group work Consider the statements above. What makes a good friend? Discuss with your group. “in my opinion, 2 good friend is someone who makes you 2 better eu person. It's someone who brings out the best in you." Expressing opinions In my opinion. | have to say that Friendship among women and men rhe wer (saelt fistenttg 8 ser isa pratenso tlle abonanior Deborah Pega contin V's i ¥ what is the mait aspen jng__Tamnen's idea. In Tannen’s opinion, what isthe main difference between friendship among men and friendship among women? 2 B © {isten again. According to Tannen, which of these things do male friends do (M) and which do female friends do (F)? Write the correct letter. ___ 1. looks for a point _— 4 give and get facts 2. discuss a topic in detail ____5. do things together ___ 3. share feelings and secrets. __ 6. have long conversations © Group work Do you agree or disagree with Tannen’s ideas about friendship? Why or why not? “I have to say that | think some of her ideas are really accurate anguage 2 Relationships BadesvleePhrasal verbs grammar A phrasal verb is a verb plus a particle, such as down, into, out, or up. ‘The meaning of a phrasal verb is different from the meaning ofits parts. Separable phrasal verbs can take objects before or aftr the particle, If the object is a pronoun, it always appears before the particle, ‘Afriend is someone who brings out the best in you. ‘A friend is someone who brings the best aut in you. A friend Is someone who cheers you up wien you're feeling bad. With inseparable phrasal verbs, the object cannot go between the verb and the particle. Good friends are always happy to helo when you run into a problem, ‘Three-word phrasal verbs have a particle and a preposition, Make new friends, but hang on to the otf ones, Intransitive phrasal verbs don’t take objects. True friends don't drift apart ‘Grammar Pus Seepage 108 A. Look at the starting point on page 2 again, Can you find more phrasal verbs? Which are separable, inseparable, and/or three-word verbs? Which are also intransitive? Write them in the chart. Separable: Inseparable Three-word verbs Intransitive B Complete the questions below with the phrasal verbs and objects in parentheses. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 1, Have you ever had a friend who brought out the werst / brought the worst out (bring out / the worst) in you? 2. Have you ever (run into / a friend) that you hadn't seen in a long time? 3. Do you usually (stand up for / your friends) when other people criticize them? 4. Can you {do without / a cell phone) and still keep in touch with friends? When friends ask you for a favor, do you usually say yes, or do you (turn down / them)? 6. Do you __ {hang on to / your old friends), or do you drift apart as time goes by? 7. Some people like to (put down / their friends) by insulting them. How would you feel if friend did that to you? © Pair work Discuss the questions above. “Have you ever had a friend who brought out the worst in you?” “Yeah, | once had a really messy roommate. She made me so angry.” The hest of friends 34 Describing friendship vocabutary ® Pairwork Complete the chart with the correct parts of speech. B Choose the word from the chart above that best replaces the boldfaced words. ‘Compare answers with a partner. ape si Per havmonious 1. Ryan and Tina work to keep their friendship free-oF conflict, 2, Sometimes their opinions are very different, but they still get along. 3. They work to make their friendship valuable and constructive. 4, Having the same background helps them understand and identify with each other. 5. Ryan and Tina think very highly of each other’s accomplishments. 6. Their friendship will certainly last a long time. What should A. Look at the statements about friendship in the chart. Do you agree with the discussion statements? Add a statement of your own. B. Group work Share your opinions, and explain your reasons, “The way | see it, people who are close in age can empathize better with ‘each other They share the same experiences and understand each other" | Distoresing politely | see your cont, but “see your point, but | think age isn't that important. f people like doing , | see what you mean, Dut... sar thee, thay Can be good Reads: Frmnot sure | agree. © Group work How many people agreed or disagreed with each eases: statement? Report your findings to the class. “Three of us agreed that friends who are close in age relate better..." 4 LEDD relationships :\g a thesis statement The first paragraph of a composition contains a thesis statement, which presents the main idea. The remaining paragraphs each have a single focus expressed in a topic sentence that develops the thesis statement. | Read the composition. Underline the thesis statement in the first paragraph. B Match each of the other paragraphs with the phrase below that best summarizes its focus. why wehavea _whatwehave _ how we close friendship in common are different 4) my best rene Eva and lare ciferent in many ways fou! we have one important thing in. common = we love to travel. Whenever Ihave the urge to explore Grew place, Icon always count on Eva to go with me, Our friendship shows that people who are very ifferent con sil have sinlar interests. 2) The aitferences between Eva and me are significant. Evais an artist who loves to take photographs and raw pictures ofthe interesting things she sees. | ‘am sales representative for @ phormaceuiical company and spend mos! of my time calcvieting numbers. va i @ very implutive percon, but |'m very exganized, she's very auiet. But 'm avery talkative person who enjoys teling stories Eva and ore both adventurous and love traveling, We discovered this shortly after we met several yeors ago. One day we were taking about vacations, and we found we had both visited many of the some places. We immediately made a plon to go 10. a nearby historical city the folowing weekend, @ Although we are quite different in many ways, Eva and | have become close over the years, ond we now have a very special and ‘enduring friendship. Every fime we gel together, we aways have so much to talk cbout and have the best time. One reason for this Is that we share a love of travel and adventure. The other reason is that our differences complement each other, so we always get along well whenever we travel together. e © Write a composition about a close friend. Then exchange your composition with a partner, and answer these questions. 1. What is the thesis statement? Underline it. 2. Does each paragraph have a single focus? Write the focus for each in the margin of the paper. 3. What else would you like to know about your pariner’s friend? Ask at least [EEE tre best of triends 5 two questions.LESSON B - Make new friends, but keep the old 6 starting point listening Meeting new peo, A. Read about how Yuanin, Jacob, and Jackie met new people. Which way of meeting people do you like the best? Yuan-lin t Jackie "I decided to move to England “Yd been planning to take a last year. I felt really lonely at class, but was putting off first Infact, I regretted moving, here. But I never gave up trying ‘enrolling. Well, last month | started taking a history clas. 1 ‘new things. Then, I saw an ad. never expected to meet so many fora Chinese-English language people! 8 few classmates formed ‘exchange. It was a great way to a study group, and we've ‘meet cool people!” So ‘become really good friends.” : Jacob aid know many people at my new job, but I kept being invited by my co-workers toa lunchtime yoga class. I'm so . glad finally said yes! A couple of my colleagues play soccer too, and they're considering starting a company team!" = Ree: J “A language exchange is a great idea. You can meet people who are interested in the same language and culture, so everyone already has something in common.” B Group work What other ways of meeting new people can you suggest for these situations? Add another situation to the list, someone who... * moved to anew neighborhood ¢ started anew job is over 65 years old has little free time * is very shy . A chance meeting A. Pair work When was the last time you unexpectedly ran into someone you know? Tell your pariner about your experience, B_ © Listen to Debbie talk about how she met her friend Kate. Where were they when they first met? Where were they when they met again? © & Listen again. Then answer the following questions. 1. Why were Debbie and Kate going to Los Angeles? 2. What did Debbie regret after she said goodbye to Kate? 3. How much time passed between their first and second meetings? 4. How did Samantha, the guest at the party, know Kate? [TIED RelationshipsV4 4 re- words A. Which word best completes these sentences? Write the correct letter vocabulary a. rebuild c. reconnect ¢. rehash —_g._ resurface b. recall d. redefine f. rekindle —h. reunion 1, You can _£_ old friendships by 5. Can you __ the first time you met sharing memories. your best friend? 2. Don’t__ old arguments over 6. With e-mail, people often __after being and over. ‘out of touch for years. 3. People often ___ themselves, but 7. Visit your hometown and ___ with they’re essentially the same person. your roots. 4, Try to attend a high school 8. Ittakes time to___a damaged or college. friendship. B Pair work What other re words do you know? How would you define them? Compare your list with a partner. Recapture, reconsider, Friendship maintenance A Look at these ideas for maintaining friendships. discussion "Choose three that you think are the most important (Advice for Maintaining FRIENDSHIPS © Send cards on holidays or birthdays, People © Send an occasional e-mail or photo to appreciate getting cards on special occasions. friends whom you haven't seen in a while © Never betray a trust ~it can cause real © Bea good listener, and try to empathize resentment. with your friends © Ty to be completely honest with your © Respect your friends’ point of view friends at all cimes even when you disagree. Don’t rehash old arguments © Attend school reunions and other similar social events. It may give you the chance to. (Be aware of “unhealthy” friendships. rebuild old friendships and reminisce about Tn some eases it's better to end a fiiendship good times. and move on with your lif. B Group work ‘Tell your group which three Se pieces of advice you chose, and explain why. ‘Then share any other ideas you have about maintaining friendships. ‘Agreeing on importance Well | think it's important... Yeah, thats true, but even more important is. And let's not forget. . You're right. .is also quite important. “Well | think it's important to always be completely honest with your friends. Ifyou aren't honest with ‘your trends, they might not be honest with you.” RelationshipsCCT ELM Rees Cotta Cie grammar ‘These verbs are normally followed by a gerund: appreciate, consider, enjoy, give up, keep, put off, suggest. ‘They'e considering starting @ company team! ‘These verbs are normally followed by an infinitive: ask, decide, expect, intend, need, refuse, seem, tend. | never expected to meet so many people! These verbs are followed by either a gerund or an infinitive: begin, bother, continue, ‘hate, prefer, start. Last month | started taking / to take a history class. Infinitives and gerunds can also occur in the passive voice. They follow the pattern ‘subject + verb + being / to be + past participle, | kept being invited by my co-workers to a lunchtime yoga class, She asked to be chosen for te job. Grammar Pus: See pape 107 Look at the starting point again on page 6. Can you find another verb that is followed by a gerund and another verb that is followed by an infinitive? Circle the correct form of the verbs. Sometimes both answers are possible. — I"ve never been a really popular guy. I'm the type of person who tends i to have / having one or two good friends rather than lots of acquaintances. Well, when | moved away from my hometown after getting a job in another city, really needed © to make / making some new friends. Because I'm shy, | considered © to change / changing my personality to become more outgoing. But that was very dificult for me. Just the same, | didn't give up ©) fo try / trying. | decided © to create / creating a new image for myself. bought myself some new shoes, new clothes, and | even got a new haircut and started / to wear / wearing Contact ienses. However, it didn’t seem ©) fo change / changing anything. | was beginning to regret © to leave /teaving my hometown when, all ofa sudden, | got a call from my old friend Jim. He was planning : to move / moving here pretty soon. He wanted some advice about finding an apartment here inthe city, and I suggested > to share / sharing an apartment with me. Well, he agreed! | really enjoy 11) to have /having someone to spend time with ~ together we've met some new friends. Posted by Oenverden (-] 2 COMMENTS Ee Pair work Complete these sentences with your own information, and add more details. Then compare with a partner 1, Tdon't like it when friends refuse to Ao small Favors Por me, ike lending we a \vock, IUs so rade, 2, It can be annoying when friends ask. 3. [couldn't say no ifa friend suggested 4, Even when they disagree, friends should continue ... EXMD make now inde, but keep tho old... 7reading Technology and friendship A. Read the arti CO a. How our relationships are changing mit CYBER SS FRIENDSHIP dynamic where people make friends from across the globe, but know litte about their next-door neighbors. The abandoning of the “village mentality” disturbs erties, but those who have been won over often find an Internet friendship more satisfying. Some new research is also showing how e-mail and the Internet supplement, rather than replace, the ‘communication people have with others in their social network. ‘Take Bob for example. His neighbor doesn't know anything about gardening and lawn care, but his instant messa Gr33nThum does. Gr33nThum is more interesting and doesn't do that annoying clicking sound when he talks. ‘This newly evolved form of dnyper-connected human has long been criticized for his or her lack ‘of necessary social skils. His preference for textual relations ‘over face-to-face interaction has given the traditionalist its. In short, say ritis, people are unlearning how to naturally interact with their neighbors, creating a social network of strangers. “However, a report entitled “The Strength of Internet Ties” suggests a different scenario ee Sociologists are suggesting that the Conn HAS GIVEN WaY TO A NEW SOCIAL, then check (/) the best subtitle. Ob. How to make more friends online not distance. “The larger, the more far-flung, and the more diverse a person’s network, the more {important e-mail is,” angues Jeffrey Boase, who co-authored the report on the strength of Internet ties. “You can’t make phone calls or personal visits to all your friends very often, but you can ‘cc’ them regularly with a couple of keystrokes. That turns out to be very important.” In addition to expanding and strengthening the social ties people maintain in the offline world, Internet and e-mail provide a social and informational support group that helps people ‘make difficult decisions and face challenges. The survey found that Internet users are more likely than non-users to have been helped by those in their social networks as they faced important events in their life, “Internet use provides online [users] a path to resourees, such as access to people who may have the right information to help deal with family health erises or find a new job,” says John Horrigan, author ofthe report. “The Internet and the cell phone have transformed communication: Instead of being based on house-to-house interactions, they are built on person-to-person exchanges,” co-author Barry Wellman. “This ereates anew B Group work Discuss these questions. Then share your answers with the class. How do you use the Internet to communicate? Do you have e-mail? write a blog? use instant messaging? Do you spend more time communicating in person, by phone, or online? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? What predictions can you make about how technology will impact friendships? ‘Make new friends, but keep the old...? Clothes and appearance Lesson A - The way we dress Fashion sense starting ® Wats your approach o fashion? Compete this survey. point fs me to wear brand name clothing. B. Group work Discuss your answers to the survey. “I tend to think ot comfort first when | choose clothes. When I'm comfortable, | fee! good, and that’s more important to me than looking good.” | Ze by appearances A . Pair work Read these famous quotations. In your own words, explain to a discussion partner what they mean. ‘Three-tenths of good looks are due to nature; seven-tenths to dress, = Chinese proverb “think the first one means interesting people focus more on meaningful things.” B Group work Discuss these questions. 1. Do you think it’s fair for people to judge you by the way you dress? 2. Do you judge others by the way they dress? 3. Would you be friends with someone whose style was very different from your own? 4. Would you change the way you dress to please someone else? 10 WEB ciotnes ana appearanceReview of verb patterns grammar Study the following common verb patterns. a. verb + infinitive ‘When | choose clahes, | tend to think of comfort fist and appearance seoond. b. verb + object + infinitive Celebrities sometimes inspire me to change the way | lok. ©, verb + gerund I hate choosing my outfits inthe morning. 4. verb + object + preposition + gerund High prices rarely prevent me from buying quality clothing. (Grammar Pls: So page 108 A. Look at the starting point on page 10 again. Can you find another example of each pattern above? B Pair work Which patterns from the box do these sentences follow? Write a, 8, ¢, or d. enjoy making a statement with my clothes. like to wear unusual color combinations. I refuse to shop with my friends. __ 4, I can't help being critical of what others wear. __ 5. Parents should allow their children to wear whatever they want. __ 6. My friends usually advise me against spending too much on clothes. Be ___ 7. My parents have always discouraged me from wearing sloppy clothes. ___ 8. Advertising definitely convinces me to buy certain articles of clothing. © Pair work Which statements above are true for you? Explain and give examples. D Pair work Complete each sentence below with a verb and your own ideas. ‘Then add a follow-up comment, and compare with a partner. 1. Some schools still__veauie students to wear __school uniforms. They think that students will spend mere Hue studying ana less Hime thinking about clothes. 2, Parents often their children from 3. Some restaurants don’t customers to 41 to wear clothes that ___ : 5. Experts people against wearing 6. My clothes always to make me look a1 buying expensive 8. Young people to be concerned about [) the way we dress "74 4 Your taste in clothes A. Look at the words below. Do some have similar meanings? Which ones would you use to describe your own style? vocabulary B Pair work What do you think of these styles? Describe the people in the picture. “Erica's outfit is pretty functional. She's clearly going to the gym.” “Really? | would say she’s trendy. Jogging suits are really in fashion now for all occasions.” Fashion developments A Pair work Was your style the same five years ago? In what ways has your style listening ~~ ranged? Yn what ways has it remained the same? B_ & Listen to Mark, Satoko, and Carlos describe how their tastes in fashion have changed. What was their style, and what is their style now? Then Now Mark 2 Satoko $. Carlos © @& Listen again. Write the items of clothing or accessories you hear for each of the looks below. grunge bohemian urban sporty goth preppy 12 WIE) ciotnes and appearanceig about personal beliefs writing na composition about a personal belief, clearly state that belief ina thesis | statement in the first paragraph. In the following paragraphs, give examples to support your thesis. A. Look at these fashion mottos. Which motto best reflects your opinion about fashion? Why? Share your ideas with a partner Don’t just get dressed. Make a statement. Why look like everyone else? Wear the very latest trends! B Use the motto you chose above as the basis for a thesis statement about your personal belief about fashion. Compare your ideas with a partner. Your clothes should make a statement about who you are. © Use your thesis statement to develop a composition of about 200 words in three paragraphs that describes your approach to clothes. I believe that clothes should be more than Functional. They should make a statement about who you are. (GeFore you get dressed or go shopping For clothing, its important to Chink about what kind of message your clothes will send to others. E think of wny clothes as a reflection of wiy personelity When people fook at me and my clothes, they can get an idea of the kind of person Lam, I'm interested in the arts, and Lm concerned about emironmental issues. Therefore, I not only weer colorful elothes that are « bit unusual, but I also wear naturel Fabries that are made locally. This is important E don't Follow trends beccuse IF don't like to look tke everyone else. I'm unique, and I want nny clothes to show it D Pair work Exchange compositions and answer these questions. 1. Does the idea in the first paragraph clearly state the writer’s point of view? 2, Do the examples given in the other paragraphs support the thesis statement and clarify the writer’s point of view? 3. What else do you want to know about your partner’s attitude toward clothes? The way we dress 13LESSON B - How we appear to others Forming an impression A. Look at the statements about how people form a first impression of someone. starting ~~ Check (V) the statements that are true for you. point WHAT PEOPLE NOTICE FIRST WHEN THEY MEET SOMEONE NEW 7 Hook at people's clothes fs. What | notice isthe other person's eyes. (L) What's really important to me is 2 person’s smile. What | always notice is @ person’s hands, 1 Lalways appreciate a nice par of shoes. (C) What | notice isa person's figure (or physique) [C1 What strikes me firsts the way people wear thet hair 1 Ihave no idea what I notice first. B Group work What other traits help you form an impression of a person? What are the three most important traits for the people in your group? Are they the same for men and women? |Z. Important traits @ Listen to Gabriela, Joon, and Alice talk about traits that are important for ‘3 A listening ~~ gyem to form an impression, and complete the chart. Traits that are important to them 1. Gabriela 2, Joon 3. Alice B_ @ Listen again. Which of the speakers mentions traits that are notimportant to them? Which traits do they mention? Complete the chart. Traits that are not important to them 1. Gabriela 2, Joon 3. Alice © Pair work Which person is the most like you? Share your reasons with a partner, 44 [EBD Clothes and appearanceCleft sentences with what grammar You can use what as the subject of the sentence when you want to emphasize information. This is called a cleft sentence. ‘person's smile fs really important to me, What's really important to me is a person's smile. Use cleft sentences with verbs other than be by inserting what at the beginning of the sentence and a form of be after the main verb. | always notice a person's hands. ‘What | always notice is @ person's hands. (Grammar Ps Seepage 102, A. Look at the starting point on page 14 again. Can you find more cleft sentences? Try to change them into declarative sentences. B Rewrite these sentences to add emphasis by beginning them with what, Which statements are true for you? Compare answers with a partner. 1. Lappreciate a person with a good sense of humor. What | appreciate is a person with a good sense of humor, Talways notice the way people look at me. ‘A person’s fashion sense is important to me. I pay attention to people’s manners. really dislike sarcasm. Tm interested in the subjects people talk about. A kind face is appealing to me. None ey V/A No second chances A. Read these tips on making a good first impression. Then add one of your own, and choose the tip that you think is the most useful. discussion the key 5S Humor canbe B Group work Share your choices and additional tips with the group. ‘Then, asa group, try to agree on the three most useful tips. “Wel if you want to make a good first impression, what matters most is your appearance.” “Maybe, but even f you look good, you stil need to have something interesting to say” How we appear to others 15Adjectives to describe outward appearance A. Which adjectives seem to have a positive meaning, a negative meaning, or a vocabulary “ reutral meaning? Write +,—, or a arrogant. _ d. innocent —___ g, sinister ___ i. sympathetic ___ b. dignified ___e. intense __h.smug —__j, trustworthy __c eccentric ___ f. intellectual B Now match the words with their definitions. Write the correct letter. 1, deep in thought; contemplative __ 6. proud in an unpleasant way __ 2. kind and understanding __ 7. self-satisfied; pleased with oneself __ 3. worthy of respect or honor __ 8. without blame; childlike and pure __ 4. reliable __ 9. strange or unusual in an amusing way __ forceful, with strong opinions ____10. evil or ominous __ Pair work What famous people do the adjectives describe? “To me, Johnny Depp looks intellectual.” “Oh, I don’t know. He just looks eccentric, in my opinion.” i Faces matter discussion ychologist | hat people are usuall She ga ied people to phot eopl equired people Leonardo DiCoprio Pair work Answer these questions. 1. Which of the people above do you think have “baby faces”? What makes a baby face different from a mature face? 2. Name three well-known public figures who have tough jobs. Are they baby-faced, or do they have mature faces? 3. In some countries, job applications sometimes require a recent photo of the candidate. Do you agree with this practice? Why or why not? 16 Clothes and appearance‘Appearance and personal reading Every time people make a new acquaintance, be it at ajob interview, in primary school, parents’ night, or at dinner witha friend’ family, first impressions determine whether people consider each other likeable. “More than half of a first impression is affected by appearance ~ clothes, makeup, body Janguage, gestures, and facial expressions,” said -Mahena Stif, a business psychologist. But, it often makes a difference who the other person is. “I'm certain that ‘when men judge women, appearance playsa greater role than when ‘women judge other women,” said Lydia Maier, chairwoman ‘of an association of color and. siyle advisers With the help of a mirror, 4 good female friend and a good male friend, one's own sppearance can be thoroughly evaluated. Some important ‘questions are: What effect do I have on you? Why is that so? Do want to have that effect or something, ‘completely different? ‘The frst place to look i in the loset. “Good clothes are not contingent upon how much was spent on them, What’s important is thatthe clothes are neat, fit well, and match the personality ofthe person wearing them,” said Maier. Depending on the occasion, choose a timeless, disereet, or stylish outfit for an introduction, A Pair work When meeting someone, what affects your impression of that person? Discuss with a partner. Then read the article. First Impressions [coun| “Overall, the importance of fashion has increased in recent years,” said professor Gerhard ‘Amendt, director ofan institute that conducts gender and generation research at the University of Bremen. He sees a danger, however, thatthe personality of person could be lost behind a fashionable facade. Well-being and inner stability are reflected in bodl language such as good posture, open expression, and smooth movements, and contribute toa positive appearance. People who are comfortable with themselves appear balanced and stable to others. "You can do alot for your own well-being,” said Stef “tbegins with clearing away major dlisstisfactory things in your life” Relaxation exercises, yoga, or ‘weight traning promote balance. Exercising also helps people look healthy and energetic. Expressive body language and gestures, appealing facial expressions, and communication skills can be learned by attending ‘management seminars or adult education courses. Noone becomes a perfect tall master through these ‘means, but they help people recognize how others interpret their demeanor. “A considerable factor in appearance is self-confidence,” said Amendt. “Only those people who are sure of themselves, who know their own strengths, and are convinced of them ‘come across as self-confident and convineing.” Sneak ne Ck ema mi pray ome B Complete the sentences with information from the reading, 1. According to Mahena Stief, men put more emphasis on 2. Good clothes should match the wearer’s 3. Good posture and smooth movements are a sign of 4, Communication skills can be improved by attending seminars. Group work Discuss these questions. Then share your answers with the class. 1, What are some situations in which appearance is extremely important? Why? 2, Do you think your appearance generally matches your personality? Explain. 3. Do people of the opposite sex judge each other the same as those of their own sex? How we appear to others 17i 3 Science and technology LESSON A + Good science, bad science What's new A Read about these advances in science. What are the possible benefits and dangers? starting point B Pair work Read the information below about the scientific advances in Exercise A. Do you think each statement is a good idea (G) or a bad idea (B)? Discuss each statement with a partner. __ 1. DNA profiles are taken from inmates ___ 4. Governmental decision making in certain prisons in order to catch could someday be turned over them if they commit future crimes. to computers. — 2. Companies are developing robots _—_ 5. A company offers cloning of that can serve tea and take care of deceased pets for wealthy owners. the elderly. _— 6. Scientists are considering creating a 8. Advocates have proposed creating a clone from the frozen remains of an database of the DNA profiles of extinct mammoth. newborn infants, The effects of technology A. @ Listen tw an interview about genetically modified food. What are some advantages of this technology? Write them in the chart. ‘Advantages: Disadvantages listening & speaking B @© Listen again. What are some of the disadvantages? Complete the chart. © Pair work Give an example of a new technology that has reshaped your daily life. What are the positive effects? What are the negative consequences? 18 [UD science and technologygrammar [ry Review these rules for the indefinite articles a and an andthe definite article the. Countable nouns: Use an indefinite article (a or an) when you mention a singular countable noun {or the first time, or no article for plural countable nouns. When you refer to the same item again, use the. Animal cloning begins with one cel from an animal ~ jing, dead, or even extinct. From that, an exact copy of the animal can be created, you use a plural noun to make a general statement, do not use an article. you make the same statement using a singular noun, however, use the, DNA profiles offer police a new way to fight crime. The DNA profile offers poice a new way to fight rime. Uncountable nouns: When making a general statement, do not use an article with uncountable ‘nouns (technology, education, shopping, love, etc). {nthe future, artical intelligence could nave a huge impact on our daly ves Superlative adjectives and sequence markers: Use the with superlatives and with sequence ‘markers such as first, last, next, eto., but don't use the with time expressions such as lastnight or next month. The best computer programs can drive cas, pay chess, and even recognize emotions Svarmar Pus: seo page 110 Look at the starting point on page 18 again. Can you find another example of article usage for each rule in the grammar box? ‘Complete these sentences with the correct article. Write X where none is needed. 1. X_ Tracking technologies enable 5. I, Robotis the story of a battle between —_ websites to trace what online humans and robots ~ and _ humans shoppers buy. win! ___ DNA profiling of newborns was 6. P'm sure that a new computer will be rejected in the United Kingdom in 2005. even less expensive __ next year 3. ___ robot at Stanford University 7, ___ wireless technology makes the can use tools to successfully assemble Internet available on a much wider __ bookcase. scale. 4, __ first microbes able to consume oil 8. For me, __ blog is __ most interesting ‘were created to help clean up oil spills. innovation in news technology. Pair work Write statements about the items below. ‘Then discuss your ideas with a partner. 1. the most interesting new product currently in stores 2. the most exciting new computer product on the market 3. the greatest advance in medicine 4, the most amazing invention of the twentieth century “For me, the most interesting new product is the GPS navigation system.” “Oh, yea. I have one in my car, and now I never get lost anymore.” Good science, bad science 1920 V4 4 A brave new world A. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right. vocabulary 1. audacious___ a, silly and wasteful; carelessly self-indulgent 2. confidential___b. avoiding unnecessary risks 3. frivolous_____. old and courageous when facing opposition 4. hazardous____. private or secret. 5. problematic____e. against accepted beliefs about good behavior 6. prudent __ £ dangerous 7 unethical ____—_g, full of difficulties that are hard to solve B_ Complete the sentences with the words above. Then compare your answers with a partner. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 1. Sadly, much of our 4. Many people feelitis__ for personal information is now on companies to spy on employees’ e-mail. Delnbeies 5, The space shuttle disasters of 1986 and 2. Though intelligent robots appear 2003 show how ______space in many movies, creating a real travel is. one is extremely _________, _, The doctor needed to be _ and probably impossible with to speak out against DNA profiling when tacay'#tachnalegy- most of his audience was for it. 3. Some cautious people don’t think 7 itis to use a credit card to shop online. ER} Pros and cons ; Group work Look at these newspaper headlines. Discuss the positive effects discussion and negative consequences of the events in the headlines. With thousands of dogs and cats looking for homes, cloning additional ones for pets seems Plastic Surgery | Internet peaks as most Better and Cheaper Than ae important information sour ree Astine tarhnoloey has s _ Mans mon.and,women-tedayare-comsisios Farmers Plant | ~ Microchip Implant Allows Genetically Engineered | Criminals to Be Followed Crops to Save Money 24 Hours a Day \ ‘There ie 9 rahate mar whether nena. | RES esses | | Expressing caution and confidence leet | tmabit leery of... ma te lery ot blast sotgen You shoul tink twice abot. It seems like everyone's doing it these days." emir “Wel, mal for it iit makes people happy.” "have every confidence that Science and technology