LCH S

1) Trnh by ng li ngoi giao un theo chiu gi m Siam thc

hin?

Trong bi cnh chung ca th gii vo cui th k XVIII, nn kinh t T

Bn Ch Ngha ang vo giai on pht trin cc thnh; giai cp t sn tr
thnh giai cp thng tr trn th gii. S pht trin mnh m ca nn kinh t
t bn ch ngha cc nc ln lm tng nhu cu v thuc a, cung cp
nguyn liu v tiu th hng ha. Bc vo u th k XIX vng ng Nam
rng ln tr thnh mc tiu ca cc nc quc. Nhim v lch s chung
ca cc nc ng Nam lc by gi l: bng mi cch phi bo v c
lp dn tc. Con ng thc hin iu ny tng nc li khc nhau. Trong
khi hu ht cc quc gia ng Nam u khng chng chi c vi ch
ngha thc dn Phng Ty th Xim (Thi Lan) l mt nc ng Nam
ngoi l, sm nhn thc c cc din chnh tr th gii v xy dng
c chng trnh hnh ng ph hp bo v ch quyn dn tc.
Trc s xm nhp ca thc dn phng Ty, Xim ch trng m ca
i vi tt c cc quan h vi h, Xim mt mt to th cn bng vi cc
nc phng Ty nhng mt khc li tng cng nh hng n cc nc
lng ging. Bng chnh sch ngoi giao mm do la chiu Xim duy
tr c lp sn sng ng u vi cc th lc t bn Phng Ty.
Xim hp tc vi Anh trong cuc chin chng li Min in. iu mang
li cho Xim mt v th mi trong quan h vi Anh. Nh ngy 20/6/1826
Xim k vi Anh mt hip c mi trong t th hon ton bnh ng vi
Anh. Ni dung ch yu ca hip c l hai bn tha thun phn chia nh
hng trn bn o M Lai.
km ch nhng tham vng ca Anh, Xim cng ng k hip c
tng t vi M v Php (1856), an Mch v B o Nha (1860), Thy
in, B, Italia (1868). Lc by gi Xim tr thnh vng ranh gii m khng
phi mt nc t bn phng Ty no cng c th d dng thu tm ring
ht c v mnh c. Nh vy trong 17 nm cm quyn Rama IV phi k
nhiu hip c khng bnh ng vi cc nc Phng Ty. Ngay khi t bt
k, ngi Xim cng nhn thc c iu v cng tnh ton phi xa b
n trong tng lai. Xong trc mt bo v c lp t nc, khng cn
cch no hn h buc phi lm nh vy. Vua Xim phi k cc hip c bt
bnh ng vi Phng Ty, hy vng s c mt ca cc nc t bn ln cc
nc nay chng t mu thun v km ch ln nhau. Nh vy, cc hip

c m Xim phi k vi Phng Ty l Xim mt i mt s quyn li kinh t

thm ch c chnh tr nhng ci c ln nht l gi c c lp v nn
kinh t c iu kin pht trin. Trn c s chnh ph thc hin dng li
ngoi giao mm do, gi c c lp cho t nc, trnh cho nc Xim
mt cuc chin tranh sc hao ngi, tn ca vi phng Ty m phn bt
li lc y ang pha Xim.
Hai nc thc dn Anh - Php u mun tin vo Xim: Xim ang ng
trc nguy c b xm lc. T pha Anh - Php, l hai nc i u Chu
u, Chu M, Bc Phi, n . V vy Anh v Php khng mun c s va
chm bn o ny. S mu thun ca hai nc Anh v Php v vn
Xim buc chnh ph Php i n mt ngh ha gii m bo
quyn li ca Anh v Php: Bin Xim thnh nc m gia hai quc gia
ny. Chnh ph Anh tn thnh ngh ca Php. Ngy 15/1/1896 Anh v
Php k mt hip c v phn chia nh hng Xim. Theo hip c
ny, pha ty sng Mnam thuc nh hng ca Php, khu vc trung tm
vi th Bng Cc c quyn t ch hon ton. Hip c cng quy nh:
Anh - Php khng c k nhng hip c cho php mt nc th ba can
thip vo khu vc ny. Nh vy, chnh v tr thun li cho php Xim tr
thnh khu m trong quan h vi cc nc phng Ty, ch yu l Anh v
Php. Chnh li th ny gip Xim li dng tt s km ton ca nhiu
nc t bn thng qua bo ton ch quyn thc s ca dn tc.
n nm 1873, sau khi tm hiu tnh hnh Singapore, Java, Min in, n
, Chulalongkorn ln ngi chnh thc ly hiu Rama V, trc tip thc hin
cng cuc u ha t nc ca cha mt cch trit . Nh nn kinh t
Xim c nhng bc chuyn bin quan trng. Nm 1894, cuc ci cch
hnh chnh lan xung cp tnh to nn s thay i quan trng trong h
thng cai tr Xim; Ta n, qun i, trng hc u c t chc li theo
kiu Chu u. Ngoi ra, Chulalongkorn cn tin hnh ci cch v cng
nghip, gio dc, lut php v lnh vc qun s. Nhng ci cch ca Rama V
l s tip tc v y cao hn, ton din hn, su sc hn, trn c s nhng
nn mng ca Moongkut, n n bin i su sc trong x hi Xim
cui th k XIX, u th k XX, iu quan trng hn l n to iu kin v
thc y ch ngha t bn Xim pht trin.
Tm gn: Chnh s xm nhp ca cc nc t bn phng Ty gp phn cc
nc t bn kim ch ln nhau Xim khng l thuc a ca ring mt
nc no. Ngoi ra, v tr a l thun li cho php Xim tr thnh khu
m trong quan h Anh v Php. Li th ny gip Xim li dng tt s km
ta ca nhiu nc t bn. Bn cnh chnh sch m ca to nn

mt c s kinh t, x hi, chnh tr i vi t nc Xim c ny sinh v

pht trin, c th l s hnh thnh v pht trin ca tng lp qu tc t sn
ha v t sn Xim. Trn c s , Chulalongkorn thc hin nhng ci
cch rt quan trng cho php Xim hi nhng iu kin i ph vi
nhng thch thc ca cc nc phng Ty, gi vng c c lp quc gia.
Chnh cc yu t trn tc ng qua lai vi nhau gp phn a nc Xim
ra khi s phn l thuc a ca t bn Phng Ty cui th k XIX, u th
k XX.
Kt lun: Khc vi cc quc gia ng Nam khc, trc s xm nhp ca
ch ngha thc dn phng Ty, Xim ch trng m ca i vi tt c
quan h vi h, to iu kin ha nhp vo th trng th gii. Chnh s xm
nhp ca cc nc t bn phng Ty gp phn cc nc t bn kim ch
ln nhau Xim khng l thuc a ca ring mt nc no. Hn th na
ng li ngoi giao uyn chuyn, la chiu, s khn kho ca cc triu
i Rama III, Rama IV a Xim i t thng li ny n thng li khc,
nhng quan trng hn ht l gi vng c lp ch quyn dn tc trc p
lc xu x ca cc nc t bn phng Ty.
Nh vy v nhng nguyn nhn gip Xim gi c nn c lp ca mnh
vo cui th k XIX, u th k XX c th c khi qut ha nh sau: Ban
u l thc hin chnh sch m ca ri li dung v tr a l v v tr chnh
tr k cc hip c nhm mc ch bin mnh thnh nc m v cui
cng l thc hin cng cuc ci cch nhm cng c thc lc quc gia v dn
xa b nhng hip c k vi cc nc Phng Ty trc . Trng hp
ca Xim cho thy s khn ngoan ca triu nh Bng Cc l: tin hnh
ci cch bt kp tin ca thi i, gia nhp c thc v c tnh ton vo
cuc hnh trnh ca ch ngha t bn. Trn c s cng cho thy mt kh
nng, mt gii php thot khi cnh b n dch thuc a m nhiu nc
k c triu nh phong kin Vit Nam b l thi c.
Ngun: http://tailieu.vn/doc/nguyen-nhan-xiem-thai-lan-giu-vung-duoc-nendoc-lap-vao-cuoi-the-ky-xix-dau-the-ky-xx--194036.html
2) Bn c suy ngh g khi Siam thc hin ng li ngoi giao ny
phn ng li xm lc cu Anh v Php?
Theo suy ngh ca ti, ng li ngoi giao un theo chiu gi ca
Siam rt khn kho, va m bo c ch quyn t nc v nn ha
bnh dn tc, li va to c hi Siam pht trin theo hng T bn
Ch ngha. Ngoi ra, nh c ng li ngoi giao ny, d un nhng
khng gy, Siam cng trnh c nhiu cuc chin tranh gy hao ph

sc ngi v tin ca m vn thot khi cnh b n dch thuc a ca

cc cng quc phng Ty, trnh khi hon cnh b n p d man ca
cc nc ng Nam bi cc nc thc dn m Vit Nam l mt in
hnh. C th thy, Siam chn cch ngoi giao rt kho lo v c tm
nhn xa tm cch thot khi cc Hip c k k vi cc nc phng
Ty gy mt s bt li cho Siam vo by gi.
3) Theo bn, Vit Nam c nn p dng ng li ngoi giao ny
trong vic gn gi nn c lp cho t nc hay khng?
Theo ti, mc d y l mt chnh sch ngoi giao kh thng minh,
nhng li khng ph hp vi hon cnh ca nc ta trong hin ti. Bi
lc Siam thc hin chnh sch un theo chiu gi kia, c nhiu nc
cng ang dm ng nn gia cc nc k Hip c kia t kim ch ln
nhau nn Siam mi khng b mt nc. Trong trng hp ca Vit Nam
ta vo lc ny, nc ta ch c Trung Quc ang dm ng, chng ta khng
th no thc hin chnh sch ngoi giao mm yu nh vy, bi nu lc
ny un ch c gy, nu qu mm mng ch c mt nc. Ngoi ra, nc
ta cn theo hng X hi Ch ngha, kh thch nghi c vi hon cnh
hin ti ca th gii, trong khi a s cc nc u ang theo ui T
bn Ch ngha, nn khi k cc bn Hip c vi cc nc khc d gy bt
ng.