`

B CNG THNG
TRNG CAO NG CNG NGHIP HU
KHOA IN

KHA LUN: TT NGHIP CAO NG

TN TI: NGHIN CU, THIT K M HNH H THNG T
NG TI
V TI U NH SNG CHO CY TRNG.

Kha hc: 2013 - 2016

LI NI U.
Trong mi thi i, c bit l thi i kinh t tri thc ngy nay, lao ng chn
tay ang dn c thay th bng cc thit b my mc tin tin, hin i. c c
cc thit b trn th i ngu tri thc chnh l lc lng nng ct, sng to v tr thnh
ngun lc c bit quan trng trong chin lc pht trin, to nn sc mnh ca mi
quc gia. V con ngi, vi tt c nhng nng lc sng to v phm cht tch cc ca
mnh s tr thnh ng lc pht trin cho cng cuc cng nghip ha hin i ha.
i vi mt quc gia ni cung v nc ta ni ring th nhng nghnh ng vai
tr then cht ca nn kinh t nc ta l: in, Than, Du Khv ngnh cng nghip
t ng ha khng nm ngoi chin lc pht trin kinh t. Cng nghip t ng ha
cc ngnh ngh, ng thi gp phn thc y qu trnh cng nghip ha, hin i ha
t nc, xy dng c s h tng phc v dn sinh.
nng cao cht lng sn phm, s lng sn phm cng nh h tr cho con
ngi nhng cng vic phc tp, ngnh cng nghip t ng ha ra i v mang li
nhng hiu qu rt cao p ng hon ton nhng yu cu ca con ngi.
T ng ha l mt lnh vc c hnh thnh v pht trin rng ln trn
phm vi ton th gii, n em li mt phn khng nh cho vic to ra cc sn phm c
cht lng v phc tp cao phc v nhu cu thit yu cho cuc sng. nc ta
lnh vc t ng ha c ng v nh nc quan tm v u t rt ln, cng vi
cc lnh vc cng nghip chuyn dch nn kinh t theo nh hng cng nghip ha
hin i ha t nc.
Ni ti t ng ha ngy nay khng th khng nhc ti cc thit b c iu
khin lp trnh, trong PLC, AVR, PIC, 8051 l mt trong nhng thit b c iu
khin lp trnh v c s dng rng ri. ng dng AVR lp trnh iu khin ng
c in mt chiu. Trong ti ny em s dng vi iu khin ATmega32 vi nhng
tnh nng u vit v c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip v nghin cu khoa hc.
Do da trn khung chng trnh ca B gio dc o to, khi xy dng
trng trnh o to Trng i hc Sao ch trng thi gian cho HSSV hc tp,
s dng thit b, dng dy hc, nghin cu thc nghim ti cc phng th nghim.
Nh vy trong qu trnh hc tp, HSSV c vn dng kin thc, k nng v kh nng
cng ngh m bo tnh logic khoa hc. Mt khc, vic nghin cu, thc nghim ti
cc phng th nghip gip cho HSSV c tm tr phn khi pht huy tnh sng to,
tm ti trong qu trnh hc tp gp phn nng cao cht lng o to.
Em vn lun tin tng rng vi lng kin thc hc c trong trng, cng
vi s hng dn nhit tnh tn ty v cng cng qu bu m khng th thiu c
ca thy gio hng dn: Nguyn Vn Trung cng cc thy c gio khc v cc bn
b, em s sm hon thnh n mt cc tt nht, ng vi tin v thi gian quy
nh. Trong qu trnh lm n tt nghip, bn n ca em khng trnh khi c
sai st, nn em rt mong c s ng gp kin ca cc thy c gio v cc bn
bn n ca em c hon thin hn.

Em xin chn thnh cm n s ch bo n cn ca cc thy c gio v ton th

cc bn ginh cho em, trong thi gian hc tp ti trng v c bit l trong qu trnh
lm n tt nghip. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n! V em xin c chc
cc thy c gio cng cc bn lun lun c sc khe, hon thnh tt mi nhim v
c giao, gp nhiu nim vui trong cuc sng.
Ch Linh, ngy 02 thng 11 nm 2012
Ngi thc hin
Phm Danh Bnh

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CC THIT B IU CHNH.

1.1. Vi iu khin AVR.
1.1.1. Gii thiu v AVR.
AVR l h Vi iu khin kh mi trn th trng cng nh i vi ngi s
dng. y l h vi iu khin c ch to theo kin trc RISC (Reduced Instruction
Set Computer) c cu trc kh phc tp. Ngoi cc tnh nng nh cc h vi iu khin
khc, n cn tch hp nhiu tnh nng mi rt tin li cho ngi thit k v lp trnh.
S ra i ca AVR bt ngun t yu cu thc t l hu ht khi cn lp trnh cho
vi iu khin, thng dng nhng ngn ng bc cao HLL (Hight Level Language)
lp trnh ngay c vi loi chip x l 8 bit. Tuy nhin khi bin dch th kch thc an
m s tng nhiu so vi dng ngn ng Assembly. Hng Atmel nhn thy rng cn
phi pht trin mt cu trc c bit gim thiu s chnh lch kch thc m ni
trn. V kt qu l h vi iu khin AVR ra i vi vic lm gim kch thc on m
khi bin dch v thm vo l thc hin lnh ng chu k my vi 32 thanh ghi tch
ly v t tc nhanh hn cc h vi iu khin khc t 4 n 12 ln. V th nghin
cu AVR l mt ti kh l th v gip cho sinh vin bit thm mt h vi iu khin
vo loi mnh nht hin nay.
Vi iu khin AVR do hng Atmel (Hoa K) sn xut c gi thiu ln u
nm 1996.
H vi iu khin AVR l mt h vi iu khin c cu trc hin i (so vi 805).
C ba loi trong h ny l :
- Tinyavr.
- AVR (loi AVR).
- MegaAVR.

Hnh 1.1. Cc dng AVR: tiny, AVR v AT mega.

Tt c cc thit b trong h AVR u c chung mt tp lnh, v t chc b nh
ging nhau. Nhng khi chuyn nghin cu t mt vi iu khin AVR ny sang loi
khc th tht l n gin. Cu to AVR bao gm: SRAM, EEPROM v giao tip
SRAM m rng, b chuyn i tng t s (ADC), cu trc nhiu tuyn, UART,
USART
1.1.2. Mt s chp AVR thng dng.
AT90S1200
AT90S2313
AT90S2323 and AT90S2343
AT90S2333 and AT90S4433

AT90S4414 and AT90S8515

AT90S4434 and AT90S8535
AT90C8534
ATtiny10, ATtiny11 and ATtiny12
ATtiny15
ATtiny22
ATtiny26
ATtiny28
ATmega8/8515/8535
ATmega16
ATmega161
ATmega162
ATmega163
ATmega169
ATmega32
ATmega323
ATmega103
ATmega64/128/2560/2561
ATmega86RF401.

1.1.3. Chp Atmega32.

Atmega32 l vi iu khin thuc h AVR ca hng Atmel, c 40 chn trong
c 32 chn I/O, c 4 knh iu xung PWM, s dng thch anh ngoi 8MHz.
Nhn AVR kt hp tp lnh y vi 32 thanh ghi a nng. Tt c cc thanh
ghi lin kt trc tip vi khi x l s hc v logic (ALU) cho php 2 thanh ghi c
lp c truy cp trong mt lnh n trong 1 chu k ng h. Kt qu l tc nhanh
gp 10 ln cc b vi iu khin CISC thng. Chnh v iu em chon Atmega32
lm ti nghin cu v ng dng.

Hnh 1.2. Hnh dng thc t ATMega32.

1.1.3.1. Cu hnh chn (pin configurations).

Hnh 1.3. Cu trc chn ca Atmega32.

1.1.3.2. c tnh ca ATmega32.
-

c ch to theo kin trc RISC.

- B lnh gm 118 lnh, hu ht u thc thi ch trong mt chu k xung nhp.

- 32x8 thanh ghi lm vic a dng.
- 32 KB Flash ROM lp trnh c ngay trn h thng.
- Giao din ni tip SPI cho php lp trnh ngay trn h thng.
- Cho php 1000 ln ghi / xo.
- B EEPROM 1024 byte.
- Cho php 100.000 ghi / xo.
- B nh SRAM 2 Kbyte.
- B bin i ADC 8 knh, 10 bit.
- 32 ng I/O lp trnh c.
- B truyn ni tip bt ng b vn nng UART.
- Vcc = 2.7V n 6V.
- Tc lm vic: 0 n 16 Mhz.
- Tc x l lnh 16 MIPS 16 MHz (16 triu lnh trn giy).
- B m thi gian thc (RTC) vi b dao ng v ch m tch bit.
- 2 b Timer 8 bit v 2 b Timer 16 bit vi ch so snh v chia tn s tch bit v ch
bt mu.
- Bn knh iu ch rng xung PWM.
- B nh thi Watchdog lp trnh c. T ng reset khi treo my.

- B so snh tng t.
- Su ch ng: Ch ri (Idle), tit kim in (Power save), ch Power Down,
ch ADC Noise Reduction, ch Standby v ch Extended Standby.
1.1.3.3. M t ngha cc chn (Pin descipsions).
- At mega32 gm c 4 port: Port A, port B, port C v port D.
- Port A gm 8 chn t PA0 n PA7: L cng vo tng t cho chuyn i tng t
sang s. N cng l cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bt trong trng hp khng s sng lm
cng chuyn i tng t, c in tr ni ln ngun dng bn trong. Port A cung cp
ng a ch d liu vao/ra theo kiu hp knh khi dng b nh bn ngoi.
- Port B gm 8 chn t PB0 n PB7: L cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bt, c in tr ni ln
ngun dng bn trong. Port B cung cp cc chc nng ng vi cc tnh nng c bit
ca Atmega32.
- Port C gm cc chn t PC0 n PC7: L cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bit, c in tr ni
ln ngun dng bn trong, Port C cung cp cc a ch li ra khi s dng b nh bn
ngoi v ng thi cung cp ng vi cc tnh nng c bit ca Atmega32.
- Port D gm cc chn t PD0 n PD7: L cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bt, c in tr ni
ln ngun dng bn trong. Port D cung cp cc chc nng ng vi cc tnh nng c
bit ca Atmega32.
- Chn ngun Vcc (chn s 10 v chn s 30): in p ngun nui ca
Atmega32 t 4.5v n 5.5v.
- Chn Reset (chn s 9): Li vo t li.
- Chn GND (chn s 11 v chn 31): Chn ni mt.
- Chn XTAL1, XTAL2 l hai chn ni thch anh ngoi (chn s 12 v chn s 13).
Atmega32 s dng thch anh ngoi l 8MHz.
- Chn ICP (chn s 20): L chn vo cho chc nng bt tn hiu cho b nh thi/m
1.
- Chn OC1B (chn s 18): L chn ra cho chc nng so snh li ra b nh thi/m 1.
- Chn INT1(chn s 17): Chn ng vo ngt.

1.1.3.4. S khi.

Hnh 1.4. S khi Atmega32.

1.1.3.5. Cu trc nhn AVR.
Phn ct li ca AVR kt hp tp lnh phong ph v s lng vi 32 thanh ghi
lm vic a nng. Ton b 32 thanh ghi u c kt ni trc tip vi ALU
(Arithmeetic Logic Unit), cho php truy cp hai thanh ghi c lp bng mt chu k
xung nhp. Kin trc t c c tc x l nhanh gp 10 ln vi iu khin kiu
dng CISC thng thng.

1.1.3.6. Cu trc tng qut.

Hnh 1.5. S cu trc CPU ca Atmega32.

AVR s dng cu trc Harvard, tch ring b nh v cc bus cho chng trnh
v d liu. Cc lnh c thc hin ch trong mt chu k xung clock. B nh chng
trnh c lu trong b nh Flash.
1.1.3.7. ALU.
ALU lm vic trc tip vi cc thanh ghi chc nng chung. Cc php ton c
thc hin trong mt chu k xung clock. Hot ng ca ALU c chia lm 3 loi: i
s, logic v theo bit.
1.1.3.8. Thanh ghi trng thi.
y l thanh ghi trng thi c 8 bit lu tr trng thi ca ALU sau cc php tnh
s hc v logic.
BIT
S3F(S5F)
Read/Write
Intial Value

7
I
R/W
0

6
T
R/W
0

5
H
R/W
0

4
S
R/W
0

3
V
R/W
0

2
N
R/W
0

1
Z
R/W
0

Hnh 1.6. Thanh ghi trng thi SREG.

- C: Carry Flag; C nh (Nu php ton c c nh s c thit lp).
- Z: Zero Flag; C zero (Nu kt qu php ton bng 0).
- N: Negative (Nu kt qu php ton l m).

0
C
R/W
0

- V: Twoscomplement overflow (C ny c thit lp khi trn s b 2) V, For signed

tests (S=N XOR V) S:N.
- H: Half Carry Flag (c s dng trong mt s ton hng s c ch ra sau).
- T: Transfer bit used by BLD and BST intruction (c s dng lm ni chung gian
trong cc lnh BLD, BST).
- I: Global Interrupt Enable/Disable Flag (y l bit cho php ton cc ngt.
Nu bit ny trng thi logic 0 th khng c mt ngt no c phc v).
1.1.3.9. Cc thanh ghi chc nng chung.
7

0 Addr
RO
R1

R13
R14
R15
R16
R17

R26
R27

R30
R31

S00 S01

S0
D
S0
E
S0
F
S1
0
S1
1
S1
A
S1
B
S1E
S1F

Hnh 1.7. Thanh ghi chc nng chung.

1.1.3.10. Con tr ngn xp (SP).
L mt thanh ghi 16 bit nhng cng c th c xem nh hai thanh ghi chc
nng c bit 8 bit. C a ch trong cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit l $3E (Trong b
nh RAM l $5E). C nhim v tr ti vng nh trong RAM cha ngn xp.
BIT
S3E(S5E)
S3D(S5D)
Read/Write
Intial Value

15
SP7
7
R/W
0
0

14
SP6
6
R/W
0
0

13
SP5
5
R/W
0
0

12
SP4
4
R/W
0
0

11
SP3
3
R/W
0
0

10
SP2
2
R/W
0
0

9
SP1
1
R/W
0
0

Hnh 1.8. Thanh ghi con ch ngn xp.

8
SP0
0
R/W
0
0

Khi chng trnh phc v ngt hoc chng trnh con th con ch PC c lu
vo ngn xp trong khi con tr ngn xp gim hai v tr. V con tr ngn xp s gim 1
khi thc hin lnh push. Ngc li khi thc hin l POP th con ch ngn xp s tng 1
v khi thc hin lnh RET hoc RETI th con ch ngn xp s tng 2. Nh vy con tr
ngn xp cn c chng trnh t trc gi tr khi to ngn xp trc khi mt
10

chng trnh con c gi hoc cc ngt c cho php phc v. V gi tr ngn xp

t nht cng phi ln hn hoc bng 60H (0x60) v 5FH tr li l cc thanh ghi.
1.1.4. Qun l ngt.

11

Ngt l mt c ch cho php thit b ngoi vi bo cho CPU bit v tnh trng
sn sng cho i d liu ca mnh. V d: Khi b truyn nhn UART nhn c mt
byte n s bo cho CPU bit thng ca c RXC, hoc khi n truyn c mt byte
th c TX c thit lp
Khi c tn hiu bo ngt CPU s tm dng cng vic ang thc hin li v lu
v tr v thc hin chng trnh (con ch PC) vo ngn xp sau ch ti vector phc
v ngt v thc hin chng trnh phc v ngt cho ti khi gp lnh RETI (return
from interrup) th CPU li ly PC t ngn xp ra v tip tc thc hin chng trnh m
trc khi c ngt n thc hin. Trong trng hp m c nhiu ngt yu cu cng
mt lc th CPU s lu cc c bo ngt li v thc hin ln lt cc ngt theo bc
u tin. Trong khi ang thc hin ngt m xut hin ngt mi th s xy ra hai trng
hp. Trng hp ngt ny c mc u tin cao hn th x c phc v. Cn nu c
mc u tin thp hn th s b b qua.
B nh ngn xp l vng bt k. Trong SRAM t a ch 0x60 tr ln. truy
nhp vo SRAM thng thng th dng con ch X, Y, Z v truy nhp vo SRAM
theo kiu ngn xp th dng con tr SP. Con ch ny l mt thanh ghi 16 bit v c
truy nhp nh hai thanh ghi 8 bit chung c a ch SPL: 0x3D/0x5D(IO/SRAM) v
SPH:0x3E/0x5E.
Khi chng trnh phc v ngt hoc chng trnh con th con tr PC c lu
vo ngn xp trong khi con tr ngn xp gim i hai v tr. V con ch ngn xp s
gim 1 khi thc hin lnh push. Ngc li khi thc hin lnh POP th con tr ngn xp
s tng 1 v thc hin lnh RET hoc RETI th con ch ngn xp s tng 2. Nh vy
con tr ngn xp cn c chng trnh t trc gi tr khi to ngn xp trc khi
mt chng trnh con c gi hoc cc ngt c cho php phc v. V gi tr ngn
xp t nht cng phi ln hn hoc bng 60H (0x60) v 5FH tr li l cc thanh ghi.
Bng 1.1. Vector ngt cho Atmega32
Vector
1

Program Address
$000

Source
RESET

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

$002
$004
$006
$008
$00A
$00C
$00E
$010
$012
$014
$016
$018
$01A
$01C
$01E
$020
$022

INT0
INT1
INT2
TIMER2 COMP
TIMER2 OVF
TIMER1 CAPT
TIMER1 CAP
TIMER1 CAPB
TIMER1 OVF
TIMER0 COMP
TIMER0 OVF
SPI, STC
USART, RXC
USART, UDRE
USART, TCX
ADC
EE_RDY

Interrupt Definition
External Pin, Power-on Reset, Brown-out
Reset, Watchdog Reset, and JTAG AVR Reset
External Interrupt Request 0
External Interrupt Request 1
External Interrupt Request 2
Timer/Counter2 Compare Match
Timer/Counter2 Overflow
Timer/Counter1 Capture Event
Timer/Counter1 Compare Match A
Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B
Timer/Counter1 Overflow
Timer/Counter0 Compare Match
Timer/Counter0 Overflow
Serial Transfer Complete
USART, Rx Complete
USART Data Rigister Empty
USART, Tx Complete
ADC Conversion Complete
EEPROM Ready

19
20
21

$024
$026
$028

ANA_COMP
TWI
SPM_RDY

Analog Comparator
Two-wire Serial Interface
Store Program Memory Ready

1.1.5. Cu trc b nh.

Cng nh mi vi iu khin khc AVR c cu trc Harvard tc l c b nh v
ng bus ring cho b nh chng trnh v b nh d liu.
1.1.5.1. B nh chng trnh.
B nh chng trnh ca AVR l b nh Flash c dung lng 32 Kbytes. B
nh chng trnh c rng bus l 16 bit. vi iu khin ATmega32 b nh chng
trnh cn c th c chia lm 2 phn: Phn boot loader (Boot loader program section)
v phn ng dng (Applicationprogram section).
-

Phn boot loader: Cha chng trnh boot loader.

- Phn ng dng (Application program section): L vng nh cha chng trnh ng

dng ca ngi dng. Kch thc ca phn boot loader v phn ng dng c th ty
chn.
Hnh 1.9 th hin cu trc b nh chng trnh c s dng v khng s dng
boot loader, khi s dng phn boot loader thy 4 word u tin thay v ch th cho CPU
chuyn ti chng trnh ng dng ca ngi dng (l chng trnh c nhn start) th
ch th CPU nhy ti phn chng trnh boot loader thc hin trc, ri mi quay
tr li thc hin chng trnh ng dng.

Hnh 1.9. B nh chng trnh c v khng c s dng boot

loader.
1.1.5.2. B nh d liu.
B nh d liu ca AVR chia lm 2 phn chnh l b nh SRAM v b nh
EEPROM. Tuy cng l b nh d liu nhng hai b nh ny li tch bit nhau v
c nh a ch ring.
- B nh SRAM: C dng lng 2 Kbytes.

Bng 1.2. a ch ca tt c cc port.

Tn PORT
PORTA
DDRA
PINA
PORTB
DDRB
PINB
PORTC
DDRC
PINC
PORTD
DDRD
PIND

a ch O/I
$1B
$1A
$19
$18
$17
$16
$15
$14
$13
$12
$11
$10

a ch SRAM
$3B
$3A
$39
$38
$37
$36
$35
$34
$33
$32
$31
$30

- B nh EEPROM: B nh EEPROM c kch thc l 1024 bytes. EEPROM

c xem nh l mt b nh vo ra c nh a ch c lp vi SRAM, iu ny c
ngha l cn s dng cc lnh in, out khi mun truy xut ti EEPROM.
ghi vo EEPROM cn thc hin cc bc sau:
- Ch cho bit EEWE v 0.
- Cm tt c cc ngt.
- Ghi a ch vo thanh ghi EEAR.
- Ghi d liu m cn ghi vo EEPROM vo thanh ghi EEDR.
- Set bit EEMWE thnh 1.
- Set bit EEWE thnh 1 .
- Cho php cc ngt tr li.
c d liu t EEPROM: Vic c d liu t EEPROM n gin hn ghi d
liu vo EEPROM, c d liu t EEPROM thc hin cc bc sau:
- Ch cho bit EEWE v 0.
- Ghi a ch vo thanh ghi EEAR.
- Set bit EERE ln 1.
1.1.6. Cng vo ra.
Cng vo ra l mt trong s cc phng tin vi iu khin giao tip vi cc
thit b ngoi vi. Atmega32 c 4 cng (port) vo ra 8 bit l: PortA, PortB, PortC, PortD
tng ng vi 32 ng vo ra. Cc cng vo ra ca AVR l cng vo ra hai chiu c
th nh hng, tc c th chn hng ca cng l hng vo (input) hay hng ra
(output). Tt cc cc cng vo ra ca AVR iu c tnh nng c Chnh sa Ghi
(Read Modify write) khi s dng chng nh l cc cng vo ra s thng thng.
iu ny c ngha l khi thay i hng ca mt chn no th n khng lm nh
hng ti hng ca cc chn khc. Tt c cc chn ca cc cng (port) u c in
tr ko ln (pull-up) ring, c th cho php hay khng cho php in tr ko ln ny
hot ng.
- Cch hot ng.

Khi kho st cc cng nh l cc cng vo ra s thng thng th tnh cht ca

cc cng (PortA, PortB, PortC, PortD) l tng t nhau, nn ch cn kho st mt cng
no trong s 4 cng ca vi iu khin l . Mi mt cng vo ra ca vi iu khin
c lin kt vi 3 thanh ghi: PORTx, DDRx, PINx. ( y x l thay th cho A, B,
C, D). Ba thanh ghi ny s c phi hp vi nhau iu khin hot ng ca cng,
chng hn thit lp cng thnh li vo c s dng in tr pull-up, ..v.v..

Hnh 1.10. Cu trc chn ca AVR.

Cu trc chn ca AVR c th phn bit r chc nng (vo ra) trng thi (0 1)
t c 4 kiu vo ra cho mt chn ca AVR. Khc vi AT89C51 l ch c 2 trng thi
duy nht (0 1).
iu khin cc chn ny c 2 thanh ghi.
- PORTx: Gi tr ti tng chn (0 1) c th truy cp ti tng bit PORTx.n.
- DDRx: Thanh ghi ch trng thi ca tng chn, vo hoc l ra.
Bng 1.3. Cu hnh cho cc chn cng.
DDxn
0
0
0
1
1

PORTxn
0
1
1
0
1

PUD(in SFIOR)
X
0
1
X
X

I/O
Input
Input
Output
Output
Output

Pull
No
Yes
No
No
No

DDRxn l bit th n ca thanh ghi DDRx.

PORTxn l bit th n ca thanh ghi PORTx.
Du x ct th 3 ch gi tr logic l ty .

Comment
Tri-state (Hi-Z)
Pxn will source current if ext.Pulled low
Tri-state (Hi-Z)
Output Low (Sink)
Output High (Source)

Hnh 1.11. S mt cng vo ra.

s trn ngoi 2 bit ca cc thanh ghi DDRx v PORTx tham gia iu
khin in tr treo (pull-up resistor), cn c mt tn hiu na iu khin in tr treo,
l tn hiu PUD, y l bit nm trong thanh ghi SFIOR, khi set bit ny thnh 1 th
in tr ko ln s khng c cho php bt k cc thit lp ca cc thanh ghi DDRx
v PORTx. Khi bit ny l 0 th in tr ko ln c cho php nu {DDRxn,
PORTxn} = {0, 1}.
1.1.7. B nh thi.
B nh thi (timer/counter0) l mt module nh thi/m 8 bit, c cc c
im sau:
- B m mt knh.
- Xa b nh thi khi trong mode so snh (t ng np).
- PWM.
- To tn s.
- B m s kin ngoi.
- Chia tn 10 bit.
- Ngun ngt trn b m v so snh.
S cu trc ca b nh thi:

Hnh 1.12. S cu trc b nh thi.

1.1.7.1. Cc thanh ghi.
TCNT0 v OCR0 l cc thanh ghi 8 bit. Cc tn hiu yu cu ngt u nm
trong thanh ghi TIFR. Cc ngt c th c che bi thanh ghi TIMSK.
B nh thi c th s dng xung clock ni thng qua b chia hoc xung clock
ngoi trn chn T0. Khi chn xung clock iu khin vic b nh thi/b m s
dng ngun xung no tng gi tr ca n. Ng ra ca khi chn xung clock c
xem l xung clock ca b nh thi (clkT0).
Thanh ghi OCR0 lun c so snh vi gi tr ca b nh thi/b m.Kt qu
so snh c th c s dng to ra PWM hoc bin i tn s ng ra ti chn OC0.
1.1.7.2. n v m.
Phn chnh ca b nh thi 8 bit l mt n v m song hng c th lp trnh
c. Cu trc ca n nh hnh di y:

Hnh 1.13. n v m.
- Count: Tng hay gim TCNT0 1.
- Direction: La chn gia m ln v m xung.
- Clear: Xa thanh ghi TCNT0.
- ClkT0: Xung clock ca b nh thi.
- TOP: Bo hiu b nh thi tng n gi tr ln nht.

- BOTTOM: Bo hiu b nh thi gim n gi tr nh nht .

1.1.7.3. n v so snh ng ra.

Hnh 1.14. n v so snh ng ra.

B so snh 8 bit lin tc so snh gi tr TCNT0 vi gi tr trong thanh ghi so snh ng
ra(OCR0).Khi gi tr TCNT0 bng vi OCR0,b so snh s to mt bo hiu.Bo hiu
ny s t gi tr c so snh ng ra(OCF0)ln 1 vo chu k xung lock tip theo.Nu
c kch hot(OCIE0=1),c OCF0 s to ra mt ngt so snh ng ra v s t ng
c xa khi ngt c thc thi.C OCF0 cng c th c xa bng phn mm.
1.1.8. M t cc thanh ghi.
1.1.8.1. Thanh ghi iu khin b nh thi/b m TCCR0.
Bit
Read/Write
Intial Value

7
FOC0
W
0

6
WGM00
R/W
0

5
COM01
R/W
0

4
COM00
R/W
0

3
WGM01
R/W
0

2
CS02
R/W
0

1
CS01
R/W
0

0
CS00
R/W
0

Hnh 1.15. Thanh ghi iu khin b nh thi.

- Bit 7 - FOC0: So snh ng ra bt buc: Bit ny ch tch cc khi bit WGM00 ch nh
ch lm vic khng c PWM. Khi t bit ny ln 1, mt bo hiu so snh bt buc
xut hin ti n v to dng sng.
- Bit 6, 3 - WGM01:0: Ch to dng sng: Cc bit ny iu khin m th t ca b
m, ngun cho gi tr ln nht ca b m (TOP) v kiu to dng sng s c s
dng.
- Bit 5:4 - COM01:0: Ch bo hiu so snh ng ra: Cc bit ny iu khin hot ng
ca chn OC0. Nu mt hoc c hai bit COM01:0 c t ln 1, ng ra OC0 s hot
ng.

- Bit 2:0: CS02:0: Chn xung ng h: Ba bit ny dng la chn ngun xung cho b
nh thi/b m.
Bng 1.4. Chn ngun xung cho b nh thi.
CS02
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

CS01
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1

CS00
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Description
No clock source (Timer/Counter stopped)
clkI/O/(No prescalin)
clkI/O/8(From prescalin)
clkI/O/64(From prescalin)
clkI/O/256(From prescalin)
clkI/O/1024(From prescalin)
External clock source on T0 pin. Clock on falling edge
External clock source on T0 pin. Clock on falling edge

1.1.8.2. Thanh ghi b nh thi/b m.

Bit
Read/Write
Intial Value

R/W
0

R/W
0

R/W
0

4
TCNT0(7-0)
R/W
0

R/W
0

R/W
0

R/W
0

R/W
0

Hnh 1.16. Thanh ghi b nh thi.

Thanh ghi b nh thi/b m cho php truy cp trc tip (c c v ghi) vo
b m 8 bit.
1.1.8.3. Thanh ghi so snh ng ra - OCR0.
Bit

Read/Wri
te Intial
Value

R/W
0

4
3
2
1
OCR0(7-0)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
Hnh 1.17. Thanh ghi so snh ng ra. 0

0
R/W
0

Thanh ghi ny cha mt gi tr 8 bit v lin tc c so snh vi gi tr ca b

m.
1.1.8.4. Thanh ghi mt n ngt.
Bit
Read/Write
Intial Value

7
OCIF2
R/W
0

6
TOIE1
R/W
0

5
TICIE1
R/W
0

4
OCIE1A
R/W
0

3
OCIE1B
R/W
0

2
TOIE1
R/W
0

1
OCIE0
R/W
0

0
TOIE0
R/W
0

Hnh 1.18. Thanh ghi mt n ngt TIMSK

- Bit 1-OCIE0: Cho php ngt bo hiu so snh.
- Bit 0-TOIE0: Cho php ngt trn b m.
1.1.8.5. Thanh ghi c ngt b nh thi.
Bit
Read/Write
Intial Value

7
OCF2
R/W
0

6
TOV2
R/W
0

5
ICF1
R/W
0

4
OCF1A
R/W
0

3
OCF1B
R/W
0

2
TOV1
R/W
0

1
OCF0
R/W
0

Hnh 1.19. Thanh ghi c ngt b nh thi.

0
TOV0
R/W
0

- Bit 1-OCF0: C so snh ng ra 0.

- Bit 0-TOV0: C trn b m.

Bit TOV0 c t ln 1 khi b m b trn v c xa bi phn cng khi

vector ngt tng ng c thc hin. Bit ny cng c th c xa bng phn mm.
1.1.9. Giao tip vi I2C
Bus ca I2C t DS1307 v 24Cxx c ni vi jumper c th kt ni vi bt k 2 bit
ca hai cng bt k cua AVR trn KIT bi mt dy ni.

Hnh 1.20. S cu trc giao tip I2C

1.1.9.1. Thanh ghi:
TWI trn AVR c vn hnh bi 5 thanh ghi bao gm thanh ghi tc gi
nhp TWBR, thanh ghi iu khin TWCR, thanh ghi trng thi TWSR, thanh ghi a
ch TWAR v thanh ghi d liu TWDR.
- TWBR (TWI Bit Rate Register): l 1 thanh ghi 8 bit quy nh tc pht xung
gi nhp trn ng SCL ca chip Master.
7
TWBR7
R/W

6
TWBR6
R/W

5
TWBR5
R/W

4
TWBR4
R/W

3
TWBR3
R/W

2
TWBR2
R/W

1
TWBR1
R/W

0
TWBR0
R/W

TWBR

Hnh 1.21. Thanh ghi quy nh tc pht xung.

Trong CPU Clock frequency l tn s hot ng chnh ca AVR, TWBR l

gi tr thanh thi TWBR v TWPS l gi tr ca 2 bits TWPS1 v TWPS0 nm trong
thanh thi trng thi TWSR. Hai bits ny c gi l bit prescaler, thng thng hay set
TWPS1: 0 =00 chn Prescaler l 1 (40=1). Bng 1 tm tt tc xung gi nhp to
ra trn SCL i vi cc gi tr ca tham s:
Bng 1.5. Tc xung gi nhp tham kho.
CPU clock frequency[MHZ}
16
16
14.4
14.4
12

TWBR
12
72
10
64
10

TWPS
0
0
0
0
0

SCL frequency[khz]
400
100
400
100
~333

12
8
8
4
3.6
2
1

52
10
32
12
10
10
10

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

100
~222
100
100
100
~55
~28

- TWCR (TWI Control Register): l thanh ghi 8 bit iu khin hot ng ca TWI.
7
TWIN7
R/W

6
TWEA
R/W

5
TWSTA
R/W

4
TWSTO
R/W

3
TWWC
R/W

2
TWEB
R/W

1
R/W

0
TWIE
R/W

TWCR

Hnh 1.22. Thanh ghi iu chnh TWI.

Mt iu cn ch l cc bit trong thanh ghi TWCR khng cn c set cng lc, ty

vo tng giai on trong qu trnh giao tip TWI cc bit c th c set ring l.
- TWSR (TWI Status Register): l 1 thanh ghi 8 bit trong c 5 bit cha code
trng thi ca TWI v 2 bit chn prescaler.
7
TWS7
R/W

6
TWS6
R/W

5
TWS5
R/W

4
TWS4
R/W

3
TWS3
R/W

2
TWS2
R/W

1
TWS1
R/W

0
TWS0
R/W

TWSR

Hnh 1.23. Thanh ghi trng thi TWI.

C rt nhiu bc, nhiu tnh hung xy ra khi giao tip bng TWI cho c Master v
Slave. ng vi mi trng hp TWI s to ra 1 code trong thanh ghi TWSR . Lp
trnh cho TWI cn xt code trong 5 bit cao ca thanh ghi TWSR v a ra cc ng x
hp l ng vi tng code.
- TWDR (TWI Data Register): l thanh ghi d liu chnh ca TWI. Trong qu trnh
nhn, d liu nhn v s c lu trong TWDR. Trong qu trnh gi, d liu cha
trong TWDR s c chuyn ra ng SDA.
- TWAR (TWI Address Register): l thanh ghi cha device address ca chip Slave. Cu
trc thanh ghi c trnh by trong hnh di.
7
TWA6
R/W

6
TWA5
R/W

5
TWA4
R/W

4
TWA3
R/W

3
TWA2
R/W

2
TWA1
R/W

1
TWA0
R/W

0
TWGECE
R/W

TWAR

Hnh 1.24. Thanh ghi cha device ca slave.

Nh li a ch Slave c to thnh t 7 bits, trn thanh ghi TWAR 7 bits a

ch ny nm 7 v tr cao. Trc khi s dng TWI nh Slave, phi gn a ch cho
chip, vic vit a ch thng c thc hin bng lnh TWAR =
(Device_address<<1)+TWGCE. Trong TWGCE (TWI General Call Enable) l bit
cho php cuc gi chung. cp bn trn, Slave co quyn cho php Master thc hin
cuc gi chung vi n hay khng. Nu TWGCE=1, Slave s p ng li cuc gi
chung nu c, nu TWGCE=0 th Slave s b qua cuc gi chung.
1.1.9.1. Hot ng ca TWI:

TWI trn AVR c gi l byte-oriented (tm dch l hng byte) v

interrupt-based (da trn ngt). Bt k mt s kin no trong qu
trnh
20

truyn/nhn TWI cng c th gy ra 1 ngt TWI. TWI trn AVR v

th hot ng tng i c lp vi chip. Tuy nhin, cn khai
thc ngt trn AVR mt cch hp l. V d, i vi Master, khng
cn s dng ngt v chip ny hon ton ch ng trong vic
truyn v nhn. Ring vi Slave, s dng ngt trnh b l
cc cuc gi l cn thit.
Tt c cc AVR trn mng TWI u c th l Master hay
Slave, c Master v Slave u c th truyn v nhn d liu. V
th, c tt c 4 mode trong hot ng ca TWI trn AVR. S ln
lt kho st cc mode ny nh sau: Master Transmitter (chip
ch truyn), Master Receiver (Chip ch nhn), Slave Reicever
(chip t
nhn)
v
Slave
Transmitter
(Chip
t
truyn).
Trc khi kho st cc ch hot ng ca TWI qui
c mt s k hiu thng dng (y cng l cc k hiu dng
trong datasheet ca cc chip AVR).
S:
START condition iu kin
bt u Rs: REPEAT START bt u lp
li
R:
READ Bit, bit ny bng 1 c gi km vi
gi a ch W:
WRITE Bit, bit ny mang gi tr 0, gi
km gi a ch
ACK:
Ackowledge, bit xc nhn, chn SDA c ko
xung 0 xung th 9
NACK:
Not Acknowledge, khng xc nhn, SDA mc
cao bit th 9 Data: 8 bits d liu
P:
STOP condition iu kin kt thc.
SLA:
1.1.10.

Slave address, a ch ca Slave cn giao tip.

Mch np cho AVR.

y l mch np thng dng nht (STK200/300) s dng cng LPT, c th np

trc tip chng trnh CodeVisionAVR. Mt trong nhng u im ln nht ca cc
chip AVR l tnh n gin khi s dng trong c vic np chng trnh cho chp.
AVR h tr kh nng np chng trnh ngay trong h thng ISP (In System
Programming), c th np trc tip chng trnh vo chip m khng cn tho chip ra
khi mch ng dng. Mch np cho AVR rt phong ph nhng hu ht u rt n
gin. Di y l loi mch np STK200, cc k n gin ch vi mt cng DB25
male, v 4 in tr vi trm ohm l c.

Hnh 1.25. Mch np STK200 s dng DB25 v 4 in tr.

1.2. Mn hnh LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
C rt nhiu loi mn hnh LCD c th hin th cc s lng k t khc nhau,
nhng tt c u c chung cch thit lp v s dng. C hai loi LCD thng dng:
Loi hin th k t gi l Text LCD v loi hin th im nh gi l Graphic LCD.
Trong ti ny, em chn loi Text LCD c kh nng hin th 2 dng, mi
dng 16 k t theo bng m ASCII.
1.2.1. Tnh nng.
- nh dng hin th: 16 k t x 2 dng.
- K t trng trn nn xanh dng.
- Hot ng nhit -10oC ~ +60oC.
- in p vn hnh 4.5V ~ 5.5V.
- Dng cung cp 1.3mA.
- Dng cung cp nu dng n nn 18mA.
1.2.2 .M t chung.
Text LCD l cc loi mn hnh tinh th lng nh dng hin th cc dng ch
hoc s trong bng m ASCII. Khng ging cc loi LCD ln, Text LCD c chia
sn thnh tng v ng vi mi ch c th hin th mt k t ASCII. Mi ca Text
LCD bao gm cc chm tinh th lng, vic kt hp n v hin cc chm ny s
to thnh mt k t cn hin th. Trong cc Text LCD, cc mu k t c nh ngha
sn v th vic iu khin Text LCD s tng i d dng hn cc graphic LCD. Kch
thc ca Text LCD c nh ngha bng s k t c th hin th trn 1 dng v tng
s dng m LCD c. V d LCD 16x2 l loi c 2 dng v mi dng c th hin th ti
a 16 k t. Mt s kch thc Text LCD thng thng gm 16x1, 16x2, 16x4, 20x2,
20x4

Hnh 1.26. Text LCD

16x2.
Text LCD c 2 cch giao tip c bn l ni tip (nh I2C) v song song, c
iu khin bi chip HD44780U ca hng Hitachi. HD44780U thng c coi l
chun chung cho cc loi Text LCD, v th khi giao tip cc LCD c kch thc hin
th khc, ch cn quan tm n to theo dng v ct theo datasheet cung cp bi nh
sn xut.
HD44780U l b iu khin cho cc Text LCD dng ma trn im (dot-matrix),
chip ny c th c dng cho cc LCD c 1, 2 hoc 4 dng hin th. HD44780U c 2
ch giao tip l 4 bit v 8 bit. N cha sn 208 k t mu kch thc font 5x8 v 32
k t mu font 5x10 (tng cng l 240 k t mu khc nhau). Tuy nhin, mt s k t
theo bng ch ci ting Nht.
1.2.3. S chn.
Cc Text LCD theo chun HD44780U thng c 16 chn trong 14 chn kt
ni vi b iu khin v 2 chn ngun cho LED nn. Th t cc chn thng c sp
xp nh sau:
Bng 1.6. S chn:
Chc nng

Chn

Tn

Logic

Ground

Vss

Ngun

Vdd

+5V

Tng phn

Vee

0 Vdd

iu khin

RS

D0 - D7 : Lnh

D0 - D7 : D liu

Ghi : t AVR vo LCD

c : t LCD vo AVR

V hiu ho LCD

LCD hot ng

5
6

R/W
E

T 1 xung 0
D liu / Lnh

M t

Bt u ghi/c LCD

D0

0/1

Bit 0 LSB

D1

0/1

Bit 1

D2

0/1

Bit 2

10

D3

0/1

Bit 3

11

D4

0/1

Bit 4

12

D5

0/1

Bit 5

13

D6

0/1

Bit 6

14

D7

0/1

Bit 7 MSB

Led A

15

Vss

Led K

16

Vdd

+5V

Trong mt s LCD 2 chn LED nn c nh s 15 v 16 nhng trong mt s

trng hp 2 chn ny c ghi l A (Anode) v K (Cathode). Hnh 1.26 m t cch
kt ni LCD vi ngun v mch iu khin.
1.2.4. S kt ni.

Hnh 1.27. Kt ni LCD vi AVR v ngun.

Chn 1 v chn 2 l cc chn ngun, c ni vi GND v ngun 5V. Chn 3
l chn chnh tng phn (contrast), chn ny cn c ni vi 1 bin tr chia p
nh trong hnh 1.27. Trong khi hot ng, chnh thay i gi tr bin tr t
c tng phn cn thit, sau gi mc bin tr ny. Cc chn iu khin RS,
R/W, EN v cc ng d liu c ni trc tip vi vi iu khin. Ty theo ch
hot ng 4 bit hay 8 bit m cc chn t D0 n D3 c th b qua hoc ni vi vi iu
khin.
1.2.5. Thanh ghi.
HD44780U c 2 thanh ghi 8 bits l INSTRUCTION REGISTER (IR) v DATA
REGISTER (DR). Thanh ghi IR cha m lnh iu khin LCD v l thanh ghi ch
ghi (ch c th ghi vo thanh ghi ny m khng c c n). Thanh ghi DR cha cc
cc loi d liu nh k t cn hin th hoc d liu c ra t b nh LCD. C 2 thanh
ghi u c ni vi cc ng d liu D0:D7 ca Text LCD v c la chn ty
theo cc chn iu khin RS, RW. Thc t iu khin Text LCD khng cn quan
tm n cch thc hot ng ca 2 thanh ghi ny.
1.2.6. T chc b nh.

HD44780U c 3 loi b nh, l b nh RAM d liu cn hin th DDRAM

(Didplay Data RAM), b nh cha ROM cha b font to ra k t CGROM
(Character Generator ROM) v b nh RAM cha b font to ra cc symbol ty chn
CGRAM (Character Generator RAM).
1.2.6.1. DDRAM.
DDRAM l b nh tm cha cc k t cn hin th ln LCD, b nh ny gm
c 80 c chia thnh 2 hng, mi c rng 8 bit v c nh s t 0 n 39
cho dng 1, t 64 n 103 cho dng 2. Mi nh tng ng vi 1 trn mn hnh
LCD. i vi LCD loi 16x2 c th hin th ti a 32 k t (c 32 hin th), v th
c mt s nh ca DDRAM khng c s dng lm cc hin th.
Bng 1.7. Th hin v tr DDRAM trn mn hnh.

Bng 1.7. Cho thy LCD 16x2 ch c 16 nh c a ch t 0 n 15 v 16

nh c a ch t 64 n 79 l c hin th trn LCD. V th mun hin th mt k t
no trn LCD cn phi vit k t vo DDRAM 1 trong 32 a ch trn. Cc k
t nm ngoi 32 nh trn s khng c hin th, tuy nhin vn khng b mt i,
chng c th c dng cho cc mc ch khc nu cn thit.
1.2.6.2. CGROM.
CGROM l vng nh c nh cha nh ngha font cho cc k t. Khng th
trc tip truy xut vng nh ny m chip HD44780U s t thc hin khi c yu cu
c font hin th. Mt iu ng lu l a ch font ca mi k t vng nh
CGROM chnh l m ASCII ca k t . V d k t a c m ASCII l 97, tham
kho t chc ca vng nh CGROM trong hnh 4, s nhn thy a ch font ca a c
4 bit thp l 0001 v 4 bit cao l 0110, a ch tng hp l 01100001 = 97.

Hnh 1.28. Vng nh CGROM.

1.2.6.3. Hot ng ca CGROM v DDRAM.
CGROM v DDRAM c t ng phi hp trong qu trnh hin th ca LCD.
Gi s mun hin th k t a ti v tr u tin, dng th 2 ca LCD th cc bc thc
hin s nh sau:
- V tr u tin ca dng 2 c a ch l 64 trong b nh DDRAM (bng 1.9), v th
cn ghi vo nh c a ch 64 mt gi tr l 97 (m ASCII ca k t a).
- Chip HD44780U c gi tr 97 ny v coi nh l a ch ca vng nh CGROM, n s
tm n vng nh CGROM c a ch 97 v c bng font c nh ngha sn
y.
- Xut font ny ra cc chm trn mn hnh LCD ti v tr u tin ca dng 2 trn
LCD.
y chnh l cch m 2 b nh DDRAM v CGROM phi hp vi nhau
hin th cc k t. Nh vy, vic lp trnh iu khin LCD tng i n gin, l

vit m ASCII vo b nh DDRAM ti ng v tr c yu cu, bc tip theo s do

HD44780U m nhim.
1.2.6.4. CGRAM.
CGRAM l vng nh cha cc symbol do ngi dng t nh ngha, mi
symbol c c kch thc 5x8 v c dnh cho 8 nh 8 bit. Cc symbol thng
c nh ngha trc v c gi hin th khi cn thit. Vng ny c tt c 64 nh
nn c ti a 8 symbol c th c nh ngha.
1.2.7. iu khin hin th Text LCD.
1.2.7.1. Cc chn iu khin LCD.
Cc chn iu khin vic c v ghi LCD bao gm RS, R/W v EN.
RS (chn s 3): Chn la chn thanh ghi (Select Register), chn ny cho php
la chn 1 trong 2 thanh ghi IR hoc DR lm vic. V c 2 thanh ghi ny u c
kt ni vi cc chn Data ca LCD nn cn 1 bit la chn gia chng. Nu RS=0,
thanh ghi IR c chn v nu RS=1 thanh ghi DR c chn. Thanh ghi IR l thanh
ghi cha m lnh cho LCD, v th nu mun gi 1 m lnh n LCD th chn RS phi
c reset v 0. Ngc li, khi mun ghi m ASCII ca k t cn hin th ln LCD th
set RS=1 chn thanh ghi DR. Hot ng ca chn RS c m t trong hnh 1.28.

Hnh 1.29. Hot ng ca chan RS.

R/W(chn s 4): Chn la chn gia vic c v ghi.Nu R/W=0 th d liu s
c ghi t b iu khin ngoi (vi iu khin AVR chng hn) vo LCD. Nu
R/W=1 th d liu s c c t LCD ra ngoi. Tuy nhin, ch c duy nht 1 trng
hp m d liu c th c t LCD ra, l c trng thi LCD bit LCD c ang
bn hay khng (c Busy Flag - BF). Do LCD l mt thit b hot ng tng i chm
(so vi vi iu khin), v th mt c BF c dng bo LCD ang bn, nu BF=1
th cho LCD x l xong nhim v hin ti,n khi no BF=0 mt thao tc mi s c
gn cho LCD. V th, khi lm vic vi Text LCD cn phi c mt chng trnh con
ch cho n khi LCD rnh. C 2 cch vit chng trnh ch cho LCD rnh. Cch 1
l c bit BF v kim tra v ch BF=0, cch ny i hi lnh c t LCD v b iu
khin ngoi, do chn R/W cn c ni vi b iu khin ngoi. Cch 2 l vit mt
hm delay mt khong thi gian c nh no (tt nht l trn 1ms). u im ca
cch 2 l s n gin v khng cn c LCD, do chn R/W khng cn s dng v
lun c ni vi GND. Tuy nhin, nhc im ca cch 2 l khong thi gian delay

c nh nu qu ln s lm chm qu trnh thao tc LCD, nu qu nh s gy ra li

hin th.
EN (chn s 5): Chn cho php LCD hot ng (Enable), chn ny cn c
kt ni vi b iu khin cho php thao tc LCD. c v ghi data t LCD cn
to mt xung cnh xung trn chn EN, ni theo cch khc, mun ghi d liu vo
LCD trc ht cn m bo rng chn EN=0, tip n xut d liu n cc chn D0:7,
sau set chn EN ln 1 v cui cng l xa EN v 0 to 1 xung cnh xung.
1.2.7.2. Tp lnh ca LCD.
Bng 1.8. Cc tp lnh ca LCD.
Lnh

RS

RW

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

T.Gian

Xo mn hnh

1.64ms

Con tr v u dng

1.64ms

t ch

I/D

40us

Bt/Tt hin th

40us

Con tr/Hin th/Dch

S/C

R/L

40us

t chc nng

DL

40us

t a ch CGRAM

t a ch DDRAM

a ch DDRAM

40us

c c "BN" BF

BF

a ch DDRAM

Ghi vo CGRAM/DDRAM

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

40us

c t CGRAM/DDRAM

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

40us

a ch CGRAM

40us

Xo mn hnh: Lnh ny xa ton b ni dung DDRAM v v th xa ton b

hin th trn LCD. V y l 1 lnh ghi Instruction nn chn RS phi c reset v 0
trc khi ghi lnh ny ln LCD. M lnh xa LCD l 0x01 (ghi vo D0:D7).
a con tr v v tr u, dng 1 ca LCD: Lnh ny thc hin vic a con tr
v v tr u tin ca b nh DDRAM, v th nu sau lnh ny mt bin c ghi vo
DDRAM th bin ny s nm v tr u tin (1;1). RS cng phi bng 0 trc khi ghi
lnh. M lnh l 0x02 hoc 0x03 (chn 1 trong 2 m lnh, ty ).
t a ch DDRAM nh v tr con tr cho DDRAM: Di chuyn con tr n
mt v tr ty trong DDRAM v v th c th c dng chn v tr cn hin th
trn LCD. thc hin lnh ny cn reset RS=0. Bit MSB ca m lnh (D7) phi
bng 1, 7 bit cn li ca m lnh chnh l a ch DDRAM mun di chuyn n. V d:
Mun di chuyn con tr n v tr th 3 trn dng 2 ca LCD (a ch 42), cn ghi m
lnh 0xAA v 0xAA=10101010 (binary) trong bit MSB bng 1, by bit cn li l
0101010=42, a ch ca nh mun n.
Ghi d liu vo CGRAM hoc DDRAM: V y khng phi l lnh ghi
instruction m l 1 lnh ghi d liu nn chn RS cn c set ln 1 trc khi ghi lnh
vo LCD. Lnh ny cho php ghi m ASCII ca mt k t cn hin th vo thanh ghi
DDRAM.

t cc chc nng hin th: Lnh ny ch ra cch hin th mt k t tip theo 1

k t trc .
V d: Nu mun hin th 2 k t lin tip AB, trc ht vit A ti v tr 5, dng
1. Sau ghi B vo LCD, lc ny c 4 cch m LCD c th hin th B nh sau:
-

Hin th B bn phi A ti v tr s 6.

- B cng c th c hin th bn tri A, ti v tr s 4.

- LCD c th t dch chuyn A v bn tri n v tr 4 sau hin th B bn phi A, ti
v tr 5.
- LCD dch chuyn A v bn phi n v tr 6 sau hin th B bn tri A, ti v
tr 5.
C th chn 1 trong 4 cch hin th trn thng qua lnh t cc chc nng. y
l lnh ghi Instruction nn RS=0, 5 bit cao D7:3=00000, bit D2=1, hai bit cn li D1:0
cha m lnh la chn 1 trong 4 cch hin th. Xem li bng 3, bit D1 cha gi tr
I/D v D0 cha S. Trong I/D ngha l tng hoc gim (Increment or Decrement).
I/D= 1 l hin th tng tc k t sau s hin th bn phi k t trc, nu I/D=0 th hin
th gim, tc k t sau hin th bn tri k t trc. S l gi tr Dch, nu S=1 th cc
k t trc s c y i, k t sau chim ch k t trc, ngc li nu S=0
th v tr hin th ca cc k t trc khng thay i. C th tm tt 4 mode hin th
ng vi 4 m lnh nh sau:
D7:0 = 0x04 (00000100): Hin th gim v khng dch.
D7:0 = 0x05 (00000101): Hin th gim v dch.
D7:0 = 0x06 (00000110):Hin th tng v khng dch (thng thng s dng).
D7:0 = 0x07 (00000111): Hin th tng v dch.
Bt/Tt hin th xc lp cch hin th cho LCD: Lnh ny bao gm cc thng
s cho php LCD hin th, cho php hin th cursor v m/tt nhp nhy. y cng l
mt lnh ghi Instrcution nn RS phi bng 0. M lnh cho lnh ny c dng
00001DCB trong D (Display) cho php hin th LCD nu mang gi tr 1, C
(Cursor) bng 1 th cursor s c hin th v B l nhp nhy cho con tr ti v tr hin
th (nhp nhy l dng 1 en ti v tr k t ang hin th). M lnh c dng ph
bin cho lnh ny l 0x0E (00001110 - hin th con tr nhng khng nhp nhy).
t chc nngxc lp chc nng cho LCD:y l lnh thit lp phng thc
giao tip vi LCD, kch thc font ch v s lng line ca LCD.RS cng phi bng 0
khi s dng lnh ny.M lnh t chc nng c dng 001DLNFxx.Trong nu
DL=1(DL:Data Length)th mode giao tip 8 bit s c dng,lc ny tt c cc chn
t D0 n D7 phi c kt ni vi b iu khin ngoi.Nu DL=0 th mode 4 bit
c dng,trong trng hp ny ch c 4 chn D4:7 c dng truyn nhn d liu
v kt ni vi b iu khin ngoi,cc chn D0:3 c trng.N quy nh s dng
ca LCD.F l kch thc font ch hin th, do LCD c 2 b font ch c sn trong
CGROM nn cn la chn thng qua bit F,nu F=1 b font 5x10 c s dng v nu
F=0 th font 5x8 c hin th.2 bit thp trong m lnh ny c th c gn gi tr ty

.M lnh c dng ph bin cho lnh t chc nng l 0x38 (00111000giao tip 8
bit,2 dng vi font 5x8) hoc 0x28 (00101000 giao tip 4 bit,2 dng vi font 5x8).
1.2.7.3. Giao tip 8 bit v 4 bit.
Text LCD c 2 mode ghi v c d liu mode 8 bit v mode 4 bit:
Mode 8 bit: Nu bit DL trong lnh function set bng 1 th mode 8 bit c
dng. s dng mode 8 bit, tt c cc lines d liu ca LCD t D0 n D7 (t chn
7 n chn 14) phi c ni vi 1 PORT ca chip iu khin bn ngoi. u im ca
phng php giao tip ny l d liu c ghi v c rt nhanh v n gin v chip
iu khin ch cn xut hoc nhn d liu trn 1 PORT. Tuy nhin, phng php ny
c nhc im l tng s chn dnh cho giao tip LCD qu nhiu, nu tnh lun c 3
chn iu khin th cn n 11 ng cho giao tip LCD.
Mode 4 bit: LCD cho php giao tip vi b iu khin ngoi theo ch 4 bit.
Trong ch ny, cc chn D0, D1, D2 v D3 ca LCD khng c s dng (
trng), ch c 4 chn t D4 n D7 c kt ni vi chip b iu khin ngoi. Cc
instruction v data 8 bit s c ghi v c bng cch chia thnh 2 phn, gi l cc
Nibbles, mi nibble gm 4 bit v c giao tip thng qua 4 chn D7: 4, nibble cao
c x l trc v nibble thp sau. u im ln nht ca phng php ny ti thiu
s ng kt ni dng cho giao tip LCD.
1.3. ng c in mt chiu.
Hin nay, trn thc t my in mt chiu c s dng rt rng ri, c bit l
ng c in mt chiu. Trong cng nghip, ng c in mt chiu c s dng
nhng ni yu cu mmen m my ln hoc yu cu iu chnh tc bng phng,
m du v phm vi rng. V vy ng c in mt chiu c c tnh lm vic rt tt
nn c lm truyn ng chn cho cc bng ti, my bo ging, khp tay Rooboot,
di chuyn rooboot...Chnh v s u im vt tri ca ng c in mt chiu nn em
la chn ng c in mt chiu lm ti nghin cu v ng dng.

Hnh 1.30. ng c in mt chiu.

1.3.1. Cu to.
ng c in mt chiu gm c 2 phn: Phn cm (stator) v phn ng (rtor).

30

1.3.1.1. Phn cm (Stato).

Hnh 1.31. Phn cm (Stato) ng c in mt chiu.

- Cc t chnh: L nam chm in. C nhim v to ra t trng chnh trong my, cc
t chnh gm c.
+ Li thp cc t chnh: Lm bng l thp dy 0,5-1,0 mm p li v tn cht.
+ Dy qun kch t: Lm bng dy in t li ng, cc cun dy c t ln
cc t chnh ni ni tip vi nhau.
- Cc t ph: Gm c:
+ Li thp cc t ph: Lm bng thp khi.
+ Dy qun ph: Lm bng dy in t li ng v t ln cc cc t ph.
- Gng t (V my): Lm mch t ni lin cc cc t, ng thi lm v my, ngoi ra
cn c np my, gi bi.
1.3.1.2. Phn ng (Roto).
Gm c:

Hnh 1.32. Phn ng (Rto) ng c in mt chiu.

- Li thp phn ng: Dng dn t, lm bng cc l thp k thut in ghp li vi
nhau. Trn l thp c dp rnh t dy qun.
- Dy qun phn ng: L phn sinh ra sc in ng v c dng in chy qua.
Thng lm bng dy ng c bc chch in.

- Trc rto:L phn li st phn ng,cnh qut v bi,c lm bng thp

cng.
1.3.1.3. Phn i in.

Hnh 1.33. Chi than.

Hnh 1.34. C gp.

Gm c chi than v c gp.
- Chi than: a dng in mt chiu t phn ngoi vo trong dy qun phn ng.
C cu chi than gm c chi than t trong hp chi than v nh mt l xo t cht ln
c gp. Hp chi than c c nh trn gi chi than v cch in vi gi. Gi chi
than c th di chuyn c iu chnh v tr chi than cho ng ch, sau khi iu
chnh xong th dng vt c nh li.
- C gp: Gm nhiu phin ng cch in vi nhau bng lp mica dy 0,4 n 1,2 mm
v hp thnh hnh tr trn.
1.3.2. Nguyn l lm vic.

Hnh 1.35. S nguyn l ng c in mt chiu.

Khi cho in p mt chiu U vo hai chi in (+) vi chi than A cc (-)
ca ngun in mt chiu vi chi than B, trong dy qun phn ng c dng in.
Dng in ny kt hp vi t trng phn cm( NS ) sinh ra lc in t Ft.
Fab = BlabIsin
Fcd = BlcdIsin
sin = 1 ( = 900 )
V ab = cd nn
Fab = Fcd = F = BlI
Phng chiu ca Ft xc nh theo qui tc bn tay tri (Fab song song ngc
chiu vi Fcd).
Khi phn ng quay c na vng, v tr thanh dn ab v cd i ch cho
nhau. Nh c c gp, chi than dng in 1 chiu c bin thnh dng in xoay
chiu a vo dy qun phn ng, gi cho chiu lc tc dng khng i, do lc
tc dng ln rto cng theo 1 chiu nht nh, m bo cho ng c c chiu quay
khng i.
1.3.3. S u dy.

Ckt

Ikt

I
Rktf

R
f

Ikt

kt

kt

Ukt

Hnh 1.36. S ni dy ca ng c kch t c lp v song

song.
Khi ngun in 1 chiu c cng sut ln v in p khng i th mch kch t
thng mc song song vi mch phn ng.

Khi ngun in mt chiu c cng sut khng ln th mch in phn ng

v mch kch t mc vo 2 ngun mt chiu c lp.
1.3.4. Phng trnh c tnh c.
Theo s ni dy ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp hnh 1.36 vit
c phng trnh cn bng in p ca mch phn ng ch xc lp nh sau.
U = E + (R + Rf).I

(1-1)

Trong :
- U:in p phn ng (V).
- E: Sut in ng phn ng (V).
- Rf: in tr ph trong mch phn ng ().
- R: in tr ca phn ng ().
Vi R = r + rcf + rcb
+ rtx Trong :
- r: in tr dy phn ng ().
- rcf: in tr cc t ph ().
- rcb: in tr cun b ().
-rtx: in tr tip xc ca chi in ().
Sc in ng E ca phn ng ng c c xc nh theo biu thc:
P.N

E =
Trong :

.. = K.

(1-2)

2..a

- P: S i in cc chnh.
- N: S thanh dn tc dng ca cun dy phn ng.
- a: S mch nhnh song song ca cun dy phn ng.
- : Tc gc (rad/s).
- : T thng kch t chnh mt cc t (Wb).
t K =

P.N
2..
a

: H s kt cu ca ng c.

Nu biu din sc in ng theo tc quay n (vng/pht) th E = Kc..n v

2..n
=
60
P.N

V vy: E =

. .n = Kc..n

60.a

Trong : Kc: H s sc in ng ca ng c.
T cc phng trnh trn ta c:

Uu ,
K.

R, Rf
. I

(1-3)

K.

y l phng trnh c tnh c in ca ng c in mt chiu .kch t c lp.

Mt khc c mmen in t ca ng c ch xc lp c xc nh theo
biu thc:
Mdt = K..I

(1-4)

Suy ra I =
U

K.
R

dt

, thay I vo (1-3) ta c

(1-5)

R f .M

(K. )

dt

K.

Nu b qua tn tht c v tn tht ma st trong trc th c th coi mmen c

trn trc ng c bng mmen in t v k hiu l M:
Mdt = Mco = M
Uu

Suy ra: =

Ru

K.

Rf

(K.)

.M

(1-6)

y l phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp.

- C th biu din phng trnh c c di dng khc.
= 0 -

(1-7)

U u,

Trong : 0 = K . : Gi l tc khng ti l tng.

R R .M = R
u
.M: Gi l st tc.
= u 2
2
,

(K.)

(K.)

Gi thit phn ng c b t thng ca ng c = const, th cc phng

trnh c tnh c in (1-3) v phng trnh c tnh c (1-6) l tuyn tnh. th ca
chng c biu din trn th l nhng ng thng.
Nu xt n tt c cc tn tht th: M co = Mdt M.

dm

Hnh 1.37. c tnh c in ca ng c mt chiu kch t

c lp.
m

Theo th trn khi I = 0 hoc M = 0 th c: = 0 =

khng ti l tng.

U u,
K.

, lc ny ng c t tc

Cn khi = 0 th ta c:
U u,

I = R R = Inm
f

(1-8)

M = K..Inm =Mnm

(1-9)

Vi Inm, Mnm: Gi l dng in ngn mch v mmen ngn mch.

Md

Mnm

Hnh 1.38. c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t

c lp.
m

1.3.5. nh hng ca cc thng s ti tc ng c.

T phng trnh c tnh c:

nhn thy mun thay i

Ru Rf
Uu

M
2
K.
(K.)

= tc c th thay i , Rf , U.
-Trng hp Rf thay i (U= Um= const; = m= const):
cng c tnh c:

(Kdm )2

=
gim. Nu Rf cng ln th tc
Rf

Ru

ng c cng gim ng thi dng ngn mch v mmen ngn mch cng gim. Cho
nn thng s dng phng php ny hn ch dng v iu chnh tc ng c
pha di tc c bn.
-Trng hp thay i U< Um
U

Tc khng ti 0

gim trong khi cng c tnh c

(K)
R

const. Khi thay i in p thu c 1 h cc ng c tnh song song. Phng php

ny c s dng iu chnh tc ng c v hn ch dng khi ng.
-nh hng ca t thng:
M

un thay i thay i dng kch t Ikt khi tc khng ti

dm

tng. cng c tnh c:

=

(K)
R
u

gim.

U
K

1.3.6. Cc phng php iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp.

1.3.6.1. iu chnh tc bng cch thay i in p phn ng.
i vi cc my in mt chiu, khi gi t thng khng i v iu chnh in
p trn mch phn ng th dng in, moment s khng thay i. trnh nhng bin
ng ln v gia tc v lc ng trong h iu chnh nn phng php iu chnh tc
bng cch thay i in p trn mch phn ng thng c p dng cho ng c
mt chiu kch t c lp.
iu chnh in p t vo phn ng ng c, dng cc b ngun iu p
nh my pht in mt chiu, cc b bin i van hoc khuch i t...Cc b bin i
trn dung bin dng xoay chiu ca li thnh dng mt chiu iu chnh gi tr
sc in ng theo yu cu.
Phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp:
U

n=

Ru R f

K E .

K E .K M .

.M

Ta c tc khng ti l tng: n0 = Um/KEm .

cng ca ng c tnh

KE KM
Ru

const

Rf
n

Khi thay i in p t ln phn ng ca ng c th tc khng ti l tng

s thay i nhng cng ca ng c tnh c th khng thay i.
Nh vy: Khi thay i in p th cng ca ng c tnh c khng thay
i. H c tnh c l nhng ng thng song song vi ng c tnh c t nhin.

Hnh 1.39. ng c tnh c khi thay i in p t vo mch

phn ng.
Phng php iu chnh tc bng cch thay i in p phn ng thc cht
l gim p v cho ra nhng tc nh hn tc c bn n cb. ng thi iu chnh

nhy cp hay lin tc ty thuc vo b ngun c in p thay i mt cch lin tc v

ngc li.

Theo l thuyt th phm vi iu chnh D = . Nhng trong thc t ng c in

mt chiu kch t c lp nu khng c bin php c bit ch lm vic phm vi cho
php:
Umincp =

U
m

ngha l phm vi iu chnh.

1
0

D = ncb/nmin = 10/1. Nu in p phn ng U < Umincp th do phn ng phn ng s lm

cho tc ng c khng n nh.
1.3.6.2. iu chnh tc bng cc thay i t thng.

Hnh 1.40. S nguyn l iu chnh tc bng cch thay i

t thng.
iu chnh t thng kch thch ca ng c in mt chiu l iu chnh
moment in t ca ng c M = KMI v sc in ng quay ca ng c .
E = KEn. Thng thng, khi thay i t thng th in p phn ng c gi nguyn
gi tr nh mc.
i vi cc my in nh v i khi c cc my in cng sut trung bnh,
thng s dng cc bin tr t trong mch kch t thay i t thng do tn hao
cng sut nh. i vi cc my in cng sut ln th dng cc b bin i c bit
nh: my pht, khuch i my in, khuch i t, b bin i van
Thc cht ca phng php ny l gim t thng. Nu tng t thng th dng
in kch t Ikt s tng dn n khi h cun dy kch t. Do , iu chnh tc
ch c th gim dng kch t tc l gim nh t thng so vi nh mc. Thy lc ny
tc tng ln khi t thng gim. n =

U
KE .

Mt khc ta c: Moment ngn mch Mn = KM In nn khi gim s lm cho

Mn gim theo.
cng ca ng c tnh c.

Khi gim th cng cng gim, c tnh c s dc hn. Nn c h

ng c tnh c khi thay i t thng nh sau.

Hnh 1.41. H ng c tnh c khi thay i t thng.

Phng php iu chnh tc bng cch thay i t thng c th iu chnh
c tc v cp v cho ra nhng tc ln hn tc c bn.
Theo l thuyt th t thng c th gim gn bng 0, ngha l tc tng n v
cng. Nhng trn thc t ng c ch lm vic vi tc ln nht:
nmax = 3.ncb tc phm vi iu
chnh: D =

nmax 3

ncb

Bi v ng vi mi ng c c mt tc ln nht cho php. Khi iu chnh

tc ty thuc vo iu kin c kh, iu kin c gp ng c khng th i chiu
dng in v chu c h quang in. Do , ng c khng c lm vic qu tc
cho php.
1.3.6.3. iu chnh tc bng cch thay i in tr ph trn mch phn ng.

Hnh 1.42. S u dy.

U

Phng trnh c tnh c:u

n=

K E .

Ru Rf
KE .KM
.

.M

Gi thit U= Um = const, const

d

Khi tc khng ti ly tng v cng c tnh c

Khi Rf cng ln, cang nh, ngha l c tnh c cng dc. Nh vy khi thay i
Rf c mt h c tnh bin tr c dng.

Hnh 1.43. H c tnh c.

Nguyn l iu chnh tc bng cch thay i in tr ph trn mch phn
ng c gii thch nh sau:
Gi s ng c ang lm vic xc lp vi tc n 1 ng thm Rf vo mch
phn ng. Khi dng in phn ng I t ngt gim xung, cn tc ng c do
qun tnh nn cha kp bin i. Dng I gim lm cho moment ng c gim theo v
tc gim xung, sau lm vic xc lp ti tc n2 vi n2 > n1.
Phng php iu chnh tc ny ch c th iu chnh tc n < n cb. Trn
thc t khng th dng bin tr iu chnh nn phng php ny s cho nhng tc
nhy cp tc bng phng xa 1 tc n1 cch xa n2, n2 cch xa n3
Khi gi tr nmin cng tin gn n 0 th phm vi iu chnh:
D=

ncb

nmin

Trong thc t, Rf cng ln th tn tht nng lng ph tng. Khi ng c lm

vic tc n = ncb/2 th tn tht ny chim t 40% n 50%. Cho nn, m bo
tnh kinh t cho h thng ch iu chnh sao cho phm vi iu chnh:
D=

(2 3)
1

Khi gi tr Rf cng ln th tc ng c cng gim. ng thi dng in ngn

mch In v moment ngn mch Mn cng gim. Do , phng php ny c dng
hn ch dng in v iu chnh tc di tc c bn. V tuyt i khng c
dng cho cc ng c ca my ct kim loi.
- Kt lun: Sau khi phn tch ba phng php iu khin nu trn th phng php
iu khin bng cch thay i in p phn ng iu khin tc ng c in mt
chiu l tt hn c. Cho nn em chn phng php ny lm ti nghin cu v ng
dng.
1.3.7. M my ng c in mt chiu.
m my ng c mt chiu c tt, phi thc hin c nhng yu cu sau
y:
- M men
quay quy nh
trong thi gian ngn nht.

m my Mmm phi ln ng c t c tc

40

- Dng in m my Imm phi c hn ch n mc thp nht trnh cho dy qun

khi b chy hoc nh hng xu n qu trnh i chiu.
-

Thi gian m my cn nh my c th lm vic c ngay

- Thit b m my n gin, r tin, tin cy v t tn nng lng.

Trong khun kh nhng yu cu trn khi m my thng p dng 3 phng
php m my sau:
- M my trc tip.
- M my nh bin tr.
- M my bng in p thp.
1.3.7.1. M my trc tip.
Phng php ny c thc hin bng cch ng thng ng c in vo
ngun. Nh vy lc rto cha quay sc in ng E = 0 v dng in phn ng
U
. V trong thc t R rt nh nn vi in p nh mc, dng in
U
Eu =R =
I=
Imm
Ru

I s rt ln nn phng php m my ny ch p dng c cho nhng ng c in

c cng sut vi trm oat. Trong nhng trng hp c bit mi cho php m my
trc tip vi nhng ng c c cng sut vi kiloat.
1.3.7.2. M my nh bin tr.
trnh nguy him cho ng c v dng in m my qu ln, dng bin tr
m my Rmm gm mt s bin tr ni tip khc nhau v t trn mch phn ng (Hnh
1.43). Bin tr m my c tnh sao cho dng m my I mm= (1,4 1,7)Im i vi cc
ng c ln v Imm= (2 2,5)Im i vi cc ng c nh. Trc lc m my tay gt
nm ti v tr 1 v con trt ca bin tr mch kch t v tr min(R c=0). Khi cp
ngun phn ng cho ng c, in p t vo ng c l: U=ULURmm<Um.
Uu

dng in m my lc rto cha quay:

23

Imm = R R
u
mm
4

+
U
-

CKT

Hnh 1.44. M my CMC nh

bin tr.

Khi rto quay, sc in ng s tng t l vi tc quay, Imm =

Uu Eu

Ru Rmm

gim theo v tc n tng chm hn. Khi I gim n tr s (1,1 1,3) Im gt tay gt

n v tr 2. V mt bc in t b loi tr, I Lp tc tng n gii hn trn ca n ko

theo M, n, E tng, sau I, M li gim theo quy lut trn. Ln lt chuyn tay gt n
cc v tr 3, 4, 5. Qu trnh c lp li cho n khi my t n tc n nm th Rmm
cng c loi tr. S bc ca R mm v in tr ca mi bc c thit k sao cho dng
in m my cc i v cc tiu mi bc u nhau m bo cho qu trnh m
my c tt nht.
1.3.7.3. M my bng in p thp.
Phng php ny i hi phi dng mt ngun in c lp c th iu chnh
c in p cung cp cho phn ng ca ng c, trong khi mch kch t phi
c t di in p nh mc ca mt ngun khc.
y l phng php thng dng hn c trong vic m my cc ng c in
cng sut ln ngoi ra cn kt hp vi vic iu chnh tc bng cch thay i
in p.
1.3.8. Cc phng php o chiu quay ng c in mt chiu.
i vi ng c in mt chiu c hai nguyn tc o chiu quay l: Gi
nguyn dng in phn ng, o chiu dng kch t, nguyn tc ny p dng cho
nhng ng c c cng sut ln. Nguyn tc th hai l gi nguyn chiu dng kch t,
o chiu dng in phn ng, nguyn tc ny thng dng cho nhng ng c c
cng sut nh.
y do l ng c cng sut nh nn dng phng php th hai s dng cc
Thyristor bm xung in p v o chiu ng c.
S nguyn l mch o chiu quay ng c.

Hnh 1.45. S bm xung in p mt chiu c o

chiu.
Theo s trn, mun o chiu ng c ch cn ng/ngt cc van theo mt
quy tc nh sau:
Khi ng c lm vic theo chiu thun th T3 m hon ton, T2 v T4 kha, T1
c ng ngt theo chu k xung vo. Chiu dng in t dng ngun qua T1 qua
ng c qua T3 v m ngun.
Khi ng c lm vic theo chiu ngc th T4 lun m, T2 ng ngt theo chu
k xung, T1 v T3 kha. Chiu dng in: Dng ngun qua T2 qua ng c qua T4
v m ngun. Trong c hai chiu quay, tr s in p ra c tnh theo cng thc:

Ur = tm.Uv/ T

Cc iode c nhim v bo v cc van khi ngt dng ng c ra khi ngun.

CHNG 2: GII THIU PHN MM PROTEUS, ALTIUM DESIGNER,

CODEVISIONAVR V LP TRNH C TRN CODEVISIONAVR.
2.1. Tng quan v phn mm Proteus.
Phn mm Proteus c sn xut bi Labcenter Electronics - mt cng ty sn
xut phn mm ca Anh. Proteus cho php m phng hu ht cc mch in t, thit
k hon chnh mt h thng vi iu khin bao gm ton b mch phn cng, sau
m phng s tng tc gia chng. Proteus c kh nng thit k mch in vi vic
chuyn trc tip t mch nguyn l sang mch in hoc v mch in.
Proteus l phn mm tin ch v hu dng i vi hc sinh sinh vin ngnh
in v in t. Proteus c y cng c mnh m, th vin cc linh kin a dng.
2.1.2. Ci t chng trnh.
Qu trnh ci t phn mm proteus cng tng t nh cc phn mm khc.
Vic ci t rt n gin nu lm quen vi vic ci t cc phn mm nh
Microsoft Office, Photoshop, Cad
Trong th mc gc ca Proteus bao gm file setup72.exe v folder patch.
ci t chng trnh nhp i chut vo file setup72.exe vic ci t c kch hot.

Hnh 2.1. Th mc gc cha file setup.

Trn mn hnh xut hin hp thoi cho mng vic ci t phn mm.

Hnh 2.2. Hp thoi cho mng ci t.

tip tc qu trnh ci t chn Next. Sau c bn tha thun bn quyn.
thc hin ci t chn Yes. Nu chn No vic ci t kt thc.

Hnh 2.3. Hp tha bn quyn ca sn phm.

Trn mn hnh xut hin hp thoi Setup Type chn Use locally installed
Licence Ky (s dng m ci t trong b ci t ca my) sau chn Next.

Hnh 2.4. Hp thoi la chn la hnh ci t.

Hp thoi Product Licence Ky xut hin ch ra thng tin v thi gian s dng
phn mm chn Next.

Hnh 2.5. Hp thoi m ca sn phm.

Hp thoi Choose Destination Location xut hin ch ra foder ci t mc nh

l:C:\...\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus7 Professional. Nu mc nh th nhn Next
tip tc. Nu mun thay i nhn Browse.

Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t.

Trong ca s Select Features yu cu chn cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t,
tt nht nn mc nh sau chn Next.

Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t

Ca s Select Program Folder ch ra tn Foder ci t ra. Mc nh l Proteus 7
professional. C th thay i tn foder nu mun, chn Next.

Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t.

Chng trnh t ng thc hin qu trnh ci t.

Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t.

Ca s InstallShield Wizard Complete ch qu trnh ci t kt thc. C th c
file Help nu click vo View the README help file, nhn Finish kt thc.

Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc.

T Start - Programs-Proteus 7 Professional-Licence manager xut hin hp thoi
Labcenter Licence Manager 1.5 chn Remove - yes.

Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t.

Nhn Browse For Key File chn th mc patch - Licence.lxk. Nhn Open.

Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t

Chn None (None) sau nhn Install - Tip theo nhn Close.

Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m

Vo th mc gc Patch. Copy file Proteus 7.x Professional - patch.exe vo th
mc va ci t.
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t
Nhp i chut tri vo file Proteus 7.x Professional - patch.exe chn Patch

Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm.

Tm file ARES.EXE v ISIS. EXE nhn OK. Kt thc qu trnh ci t.

Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack.

2.1.3. Khi ng chng trnh.
khi ng chng trnh click
chut vo Start/program/Proteus 7
Professional/ ISIS 7 Professional chng trnh c khi ng vi giao din nh sau:

Khung
menu
Thanh tc
nhn bn v
Thanh cng c
v
Danh mc cc linh kin s dng trong mch

vng lm vic
chnh
Cc nt m
phng

Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm.

2.1.4. Giao din chng trnh.
2.1.4.1. Menu: Bao gm cc menu nh.
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm.
2.1.4.2. Thanh tc v.
M bn thit k
mi. M bn thit
k c.
Lu bn thit k.
Cho php hin hay n li im.
Chn gc to .
Bt im ti chnh gia mn hnh.

Phng to mn hnh.

Thu nh mn hnh.
Quan st ton b bn thit k.
Quan st tng vng ca bn thit k.
Undo/redu.
Ct/ dn.
Copy khi i tng chn
Di chuyn khi i tng chn.
Xoay khi i tng chn.
Xo khi i tng.
Ly linh kin t th vin.
To linh kin mi.
To trang v mi.
Hin th cc thng tin v in v km tra li ca bn v.
Hin th danh sch cc linh kin s dng.
Chuyn t mch nguyn l sang v mch in.
2.1.4.3. Thanh cng c.
Dch chuyn khung nhn bn v.
Hin th linh kin ang chn trn khung nhn bn v.
t tn ng dy.
To im ni.
Thm text cho bn v
V ng Bus.
To mch ph.
Ly ngun, t
Ly chn ca linh kin
th m phng.
My pht tn hiu.
u r in p.
u r dng in
Cc thit b o.
Cc cng c v 2D
Xoay tri linh kin.
Xoay phi linh kin.
o linh kin theo chiu ngang
o linh kin theo chiu dc.
50

2.1.4.4. Cc nt m phng.
M phng lin tc.
M phng tng bc.
Tm dng m phng.
Dng m phng.
2.1.4.5. Khung nhn bn v.
T y c th quan st ton b hnh nh ca bn v ang thc hin trn vng
lm vic chnh.

Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v.

2.1.4.6. Vng lm vic chnh.
Thc hin cc thao tc v bn v.
2.1.5. Cc thao tc c bn.
Chn i tng: Nhp chut phi ln i tng.
B chn i tng: Nhp chut phi ln vng trng.
Xo i tng: Nhp i chut phi ln vng trng. Di
chuyn: Chn, ko r bng chut tri n v tr mi.
Dng bnh xe ca chut phng to hoc thu nh n tng i tng.
Dng bn phm:
F6: phng to.
F7: thu nh.
F8: Xem ton mch.
S dng th vin:
tm linh kin m phng s dng th vin bng cch chn Library/Pick
Device/ SymbolP hoc nhn phm P hoc click chut tri vo nt P khi th vin
c m.

Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin.

Ca s linh kin nh hnh v.

Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh

kin. Keywords : Tm linh kin bng cc t
kho. Category : Th vin cc linh kin.
Sub-Category

: Th vin cc linh kin con.

Manufactures

: Nh sn xut.

Schematic Preview : Hnh nh linh kin.

PCB preview

: S chn linh kin

Device

: Tn linh kin

Library

: Th vin

Description

: M t

Ly linh kin bng cch nhp i vo cc linh kin cn s dng, khi ly cc

linh kin nhp OK. Trn danh mc cc linh kin s dng chut tri vo linh kin sau
trn vng lm vic chnh nhp chut tri t linh kin.
tm chp ATMega32.

Vng Keyword g ATMega32.

Vng Category l ATMega32.

Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32.

tm LCD16x2 .
Vng Keyword g LM016L.
Vng Category l LM016L.

Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2.

Vng Keyword g LM016L.
Vng Category l LM016L.
tm ng c in mt chiu.
Vng Keyword g motor DC.
Vng Category l motor DC.

Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu.

Ni dy: Dch chuyn con tr chut n v tr cn ni dy, trn con tr chut
xut hin mu , di chuyn chut v ko dy n v tr cn ni th nhn chut tri
kt thc vic ni dy.

Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin.

2.2. Phn mm Altium Designer.
2.2.1. Gii thiu v tnh nng Altium.
Altium Designer, l mt trong nhng cng c v mch in t mnh nht hin
nay. c pht trin bi hng Altium Limited, Altium Designer (Altium) mang li cho
ngi dng mt mi trng lm vic ht sc chuyn nghip, n l mt h thng thit
k in t hp nht hng u th gii, n cho php ngi pht trin to ra mt thit k
tng cho khi hon thnh ch vi mt cng c thit k duy nht.
Cc tnh nng chnh ca Altium bao gm:
Mi trng thit k hp nht: Cho php to ra s thng minh ca cc sn phm
s dng phn mm, phn cng v phn cng kh trnh, trin khai thit k tng cho
ti bc ch to board mch v sn xut ch trong mt mi trng thit k duy nht.
Lin kt ng, thi gian thc ECAD_MCAD: Cung cp lin kt ng, thi gian
thc gia cc mi trng thit k ECAD v MCAD s dng cng ngh 3D mnh m,
cho php nh thit k thc hin vic khp cc thnh phn c kh mt cch chnh xc.
Chc nng lp trnh sn phm: Cung cp mt phng php mi cho php cc
sn phm in t thng minh c thit k nhanh chng vi s tp trung vo cc chc
nng c lp trnh trong sn phm thay v c to ra c nh trong .

Khai thc kh nng ca cc IC kh trnh: Cho php khai thc kh nng c

a ra bi cc IC kh trnh dung lng ln hin nay nh mt nn tng trin khai v
thit k h thng nhanh gn.
Thng nht vic pht trin phn mm vi thit k FPGA: Thng nht vic pht
trin phn mm vi thit k FPGA cho php phn vng ng cc chc nng ang chy
trn vi x l v phn cng kh trnh.
S linh hot mc thit k: Cung cp s linh hot mc thit k gia cc
nn tng thc thi phn mm v cc IC logic kh trnh khc nhau.
To v qun l d liu thit k: Cho php tt c cc d liu thit k c to ra
v qun l trong mi trng thit k duy nht.
Thit k c lp vi nh cung cp IC: Cung cp mi trng thit k ton din
h tr vic thit k vi cc kin trc vi x l, cc li vi x l v cc logic kh trnh
khc nhau c lp vi nh cung cp IC.
Kh nng qun l d n v version control: Ci thin vic qun l d n v tng
tc thit k nh tch hp tnh nng qun l d liu mnh m nh vic h tr h
thng version control v kh nng so snh s sai khc gia cc file thit k nh mt
phn ca mi trng thit k.
D dng kt ni ti h thng sn phm rng hn: D dng thm cc kt ni vo
thit k cho php pht trin mt h thng sn phm rng ln, kt ni ngi thit k vi
khch hng thng qua cc sn phm.
2.2.2. Giao din ca chng trnh Alitium.
Khi ng chng trnh t shortcut trn destop mn hnh nn hoc t Menu
Start
>> All programs >>Altium Designer 10 >> Altium Designer
10. Khi logo chng trnh xut hin.

Hnh 2.26. Logo chng trnh Altium10.

Ca s lm vic ca Altium.

Hnh 2.27. Ca s lm vic chng trnh.

to s nguyn l trc ht cn to 1 project (D n) mi. T menu File
>> New >> Project >> PCB Project.

Hnh 2.28. C s to mt project.

t tn v save tn d n tn (mc nh PCB_Project) khi mi trng lm
vic ca Altium s t ng chuyn sang mi trng v mch nguyn l.

Hnh 2.29. Ca s v mch nguyn l.

ly linh kin in t s dng th vin Libraries, theo mc nh th vin
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib t ng xut hin. Th vin ny cha hu ht cc linh
kin dn gin nh: in tr, t in, transistor, .

Hnh 2.30. Ca s ly linh kin.

2.3. Phn mm CodeVisionAVR.
Phn mm CodeVisionAVR l mt phn mm h tr lp trnh cho vi iu khin
AVR bng ngn ng C, n h tr nhiu th vin lp trnh, thun li cho vic pht trin
cc ng dng ln trn AVR, phn mm c vit chuyn nghip hng ti ngi s
dng bi s n gin, s h tr cao cc th vin c sn.
2.3.1. Giao din ca chng trnh CodeVisionAVR.
Khi ng chng trnh t shortcut trn destop mn hnh nn hoc t Menu
Start

>> All programs >> CodeVisionAVR Evaluation >>

CodeVisionAVR C Compiler Evaluation. Khi logo chng trnh

xut hin.
Hnh 2.31. Logo chng trnh CodeVisionAVR.
Xut hin ca s chnh ca chng trnh CodeVisionAVR nh sau:

Hnh 2.32. Ca s chnh ca chng trnh CodeVisionAVR.

To Project (d n) mi chn File >> New s xut hin ca s
Create New File sau chn Project ri nhn vo OK.

Hnh 2.33. Ca s to mt Project.

Chng trnh s yu cu xc nhn vic to project mi s dng

CodeWizardAVR.
Nhn vo Yes xc nhn.

Hnh 2.34. Ca s xc nahaanhj vic to Project mi.

Tip theo s xut hin ca s CodeWizardAVR (Hnh 2.30), cho php khi to
cu hnh cho chip vi iu khin v mt s thit b ngoi vi nh: Ports, LCD, USART,
Timers, I2C, ADC, SPI, . . .

Hnh 2.35. Khi to cu hnh cho chp v thit b ngoi vi.

Sau khi khi to xong cho chip v thit b ngoi vi cn lu li
cu hnh bng cch chn Program >> Generate, Save and Exit.

Hnh 2.36. Lu li cu hnh.

Xut hin ca s Save C Compiler Source File yu cu lu file source ca
project, gm 3 file c tn m rng nh sau: *.c, *.prj, *.cwp.

Hnh 2.37. Lu file source cu project.

Sau khi lu cc file source ca project s xut hin ca s qun l project.

60

Hnh 2.38. Ca s qun l Project.

Chng trnh CodeVisionAVR s to code mu, trong c y code cn
thit m khi to trc . T ca s ny tin hnh vit code (bng ngn ng C),
bin dch v np vo vi iu khin.
bin dch code chng trnh chn Project >> Compile
(hoc nhn F9).
Chn Build All (Ctrl+F9) s to ra file *.HEX (nm trong th mc

EXE).
Hnh 2.39. Ca s bin dch code chng trnh.
Np vo chip: trc khi np vo chip cn thit lp mt s thng s nh:
-

Chn loi mch np: Atmel STK200+/300.

- Chn Port giao tip: Tu theo my tnh nhn din b STK200+/300 port no th chn
ng port giao tip.

Hnh 2.40. Cu hnh thng s np vo chip vi iu khin.

np vo chip chn Tools >> Chip Programmer s xut
hin ca s nh hnh bn di. Sau chn Program >> FLASH.

Hnh 2.41. Ca s np vo chip vi iu khin.

2.3.2. Lp trnh C trn CodeVisionAVR.
C l mt ngn ng kh mnh v rt nhiu ngi dng. Nu ni s lnh c bn
ca C th khng nhiu. Nhng i vi lp trnh cho vi x l ngi lp trnh ch cn
bit s lng lnh khng nhiu.
u tin bn phi lm quen vi:
-

Cc kiu ton t C.

Cc kiu d liu.

Cu trc c bn ca mt chng trnh.

Cc cu trc iu khin (chnh cc tp lnh).

+ Cu trc iu kin if ... else

+ Cc cu trc lp
Vng lp while
Vng lp do while
Vng lp for
-

Cu trc la chn: switch ... case ... break.

Bit s dng cc hm v chng trnh con.

2.3.2.1.

Cc ch th trc khi s l.

Ch thch c t sau du // hoc /*...*/ .

Gi th vin.
#include <tn th vin>
V d #include <delay.h>

Lnh gn
#define bin_thay_th bin
V d #define start PINA.0

2.3.2.2. Cc ton t.
-

Ton t gn (=).
V d:

b = 5;
a = 2 + b;
a = 2 + (b = 5);
a = b = c = 5;

- Cc ton t s hc ( +, -, *, /, % ) (cng), - (tr) , * (nhn) , / (chia)

-

Cc ton t gn phc hp (+=, -=, *=, /=, >>=, <<=, &=, ^=, |=)
V d:
value += increase; Tng ng vi value = value + increase;
a -= 5; Tng ng vi a = a - 5;
a /= b; Tng ng vi a = a / b;
price *= units + 1; Tng ng vi price = price * (units + 1);
- Tng v gim ++ , - a++; <=> a+=1; <=> a=a+1;

Tnh cht tin t hoc hu t (++a) # (a++) Ex

B=3;
B=3;A=++B; // A is 4, B is 4
B=3;
A=B++; // A is 3, B is 4

- Cc ton t quan h ( ==, !=, >, <, >=, <= ).

== Bng
!= Khc
> Ln hn
< Nh hn
> = Ln hn hoc bng
< = Nh hn hoc bng
-

Cc ton t logic ( !, &&, || ).

! NOT , && AND, || OR

- Cc ton t thao tc bit (&, |, ^, ~, <<,

>>). & AND Logical AND, | OR Logical
OR.
^ XOR Logical exclusive OR.
~ NOT o ngc bit.
<< SHL Dch bit sang tri.
>> SHR Dch bit sang phi.
2.3.2.3. Cc kiu d liu. Bng
2.1. Bng d liu.
Type
Char
unsigned char
Enum
Short
unsigned short
Int
unsigned char
Long
unsigned long

Bits
8
8
16
16
16
16
16
32
32

Bytes
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
4
4

Range
-128 to +127
0 to 255
-32,768 to +32,767
-32,768 to +32,767
0 to 65,535
-32,768 to +32,767
0 to 65,535
-2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647
0 to 4,294,697,295

-Cch khai bao bin.

Kiu_bin tn_bin;
V d: char so;
2.3.2.4. Cu trc c bn ca mt chng trnh C.
#include <lcd.h> //Gi th vin c sn cch vit khc "*.h"//
#define led1 PORTA.0 // Dng nh ngha cc bin//
char bien1,bien2; //Cac bin cn dng//
int a,b;
void chuongtrinhcon(unsigned int b) //chng trnh con//
{

int ham(void) //chng trnh con bng hm //

{
.
Return(a);
}
void main(void) //chng trnh chnh//
{
int a; //Khai bo bin bng s nguyn//
chuongtrinhcon();
a = ham();
...
}
2.3.2.5. Cc lnh c bn ca C.
-

Cu trc iu kin: if v else

if (iu kin) Biu thc //Nu iu kin ng th thc hin biu thc sai th
thc hin lnh tip theo//.
if (x == 100) x++; //Nu x=100 th tng x thm 1//.
if (condition) statement1 else statement2
if (x == 100) x++;
else x- -;

- Cc cu trc
lp.

Vng

lp

while.

Dng thc:
while (iu kin)
{
Biu thc
}
//Nu iu kin cn ng th cn thc hin biu thc nu sai th thot//.
While(1) {}; //To vng lp mi mi, rt hay ng trong lp trnh vi x l
chng trnh chnh s c vit trong du ngoc//.
Vng lp do-while.
Dng thc:
do
{ Biu thc}
while (iu kin);

//Thc hin biu thc sau kim tra nu iu kin cn ng th cn thc hin biu
thc nu sai th thot//.
V d:
do
{
x++; //S dng vit cu lnh//.
}
while(x>10)
Vng lp for.
Dng thc:
for (ga tr u; ga tr cui; ga tr tng/gim) { biu thc;}
V d:
for ( n=0; n=100 ; n++)
{
Cu lnh;
}
//Mi ln thc hin xong lnh th n++ tng n 100 th thi//.

- Cc lnh r nhnh v lnh nhy.

Lnh break.
S dng break c th thot khi vng lp ngay c khi iu kin n kt thc
cha c tho mn. Lnh ny c th c dng kt thc mt vng lp khng xc
nh hay buc n phi kt thc gia chng thay v kt thc mt cch bnh thng.
Lnh continue.
Lnh continue lm cho chng trnh b qua phn cn li ca vng lp v nhy
sang ln lp tip theo.
Lnh goto.
Lnh ny cho php nhy v iu kin ti bt k im no trong chng trnh.

- Cu trc la chn: Switch...case...break .

C php:
Switch (bin)
{
case constant1:
Biu thc 1
break;
case constant2:
Biu thc 2

break;
.
.
.
default:
Biu thc n
}

CHNG 3: THIT K MCH, LP TRNH IU KHIN NG C IN

MT CHIU V M PHNG TRN PHN MM PROTUS.
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l.
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin.

Hnh 3.1. S mch iu khin.

Mt s thnh phn c bn trong mch:
- Mch to ngun: Chip 7805 v cc t in c dng to ngun 5V n nh cho
mch ng dng.

Hnh 3.2.S chn ca IC 7805 v chc nng cc chn.

- Cc chn ngun cho chip: Cn cp ngun v mass cho chip, ni chn VCC (chn 10
cho chip ATmega32), v AVCC (chn 30) vi ngun VCC, ni cc chn GND v
AGND vi mass.
- Cc ng np chip: Dnh sn cc ng ny c th kt ni vi cc mch np m
khng cn tho chip khi mch ng dng. Nn b tr cc ng ny theo th t m
mch np c b tr (v d GND, VCC, RESET, SCK, MISO, MOSI).
- B to dao ng - Thch anh (Crystal): y l ngun xung gi nhp "nui" chip,
khng c xung gi nhp chip s khng hot ng. Tuy nhin, a s cc chip AVR u
h tr ngun xung gi nhp bn trong vi tn s ti a 8MHz. Nu khng cn thit n
tn s hot ng cao bn c th dng ngun xung gi nhp trong chip, khi c th
b qua b to xung (gm thch anh v 2 t in nh trong hnh). Vic chn ngun
xung "nui" chip c xc lp bi cc Fuse bits.
- Chn AREF l chn in p tham chiu cho cc b ADC, nu ch tham chiu ni
c dng, c th ni AREF vi mt t in.
3.1.1. Thit k mch lc.

Hnh 3.3. S mch lc.

Mt s thnh phn c bn trong mch:
- in tr l phn t c trng cho tnh cht cn tr dng in.

70

Hnh 3.4. K hiu mu in tr.

- T in l linh kin c chc nng tch t nng lng in
+ T ho (t phn cc)

Hnh 3.5. K hiu t ho v hnh dng t ho.

+ T giy (t khng phn cc)

Hnh 3.6. K hiu t ho v hnh dng t giy.

- Diode bn dn l cc linh kin in t cho php dng in i qua n theo mt chiu

m khng theo chiu ngc li.

Hnh 3.7. Cu to v hnh dng thc t ca diode bn dn.

- Transistor l mt linh kin bn dn thng c s dng nh mt thit b khuych i
hoc mt kha in t.

Hnh 3.8. NPN tranzito v k hiu.

Hnh 3.9. PNP tranzito v k hiu

- MOSFET l vit tt ca cm Meta Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor tc
Transisor hiu ng trng c dng kim loi v oxit bn dn. Hnh 3.10 m t cu to
ca MOSFET knh n v k hiu ca 2 loi MOSFET knh n v knh p.

Hnh 3.10. MOSFET.

MOSFET c 3 chn gi l Gate (G), Drain (D) v Source (S) tng ng vi B,
E v C ca BJT. C bn, i vi MOSFET knh N, nu in p chn G ln hn chn S
khong t 3V th MOSFET bo ha hay dn. Khi in tr gia 2 chn D v S rt
nh (gi l in tr dn DS), MOSFET tng ng vi mt kha ng. Ngc li,
vi MOSFET knh P, khi in p chn G nh hn in p chn S khong 3V th
MOSFET dn, in tr dn cng rt nh. V tnh dn ca MOSFET ph thuc vo
in p chn G (khc vi BJT, tnh dn ph thuc vo dng IB), MOSFET c gi l
linh kin iu khin bng in p, rt l tng cho cc mch s ni m in p c
dng lm mc logic.
MOSFET thng c dng thay cc BJT trong cc mch cu H v dng m
linh kin bn dn ny c th dn rt cao, thch hp cho cc mch cng sut ln. Do
cch thc hot ng, c th hnh dung MOSFET knh N tng ng mt BJT loi
npn v MOSFET knh P tng ng BJT loi pnp. Thng thng cc nh sn xut
MOSFET thng to ra 1 cp MOSFET gm 1 linh kin knh N v 1 linh kin knh P,
2 MOSFET ny c thng s tng ng nhau v thng c dng cng nhau. Mt v
d dng 2 MOSFET tng ng l cc mch s CMOS (Complemetary MOS). Cng
ging nh BJT, khi dng MOSFET cho mch cu H, mi loi MOSFET ch thch hp
vi 1 v tr nht nh, MOSFET knh N c dng cho cc kha pha di v
MOSFET knh P dng cho cc kha pha trn.
Trong n dng 2 MOSFET knh N IRF540 v 2 knh P IRF9540 ca hng
International Rectifier lm cc kha cho mch cu H. Cc MOSFET loi ny chu
dng kh cao (c th n 30A, danh ngha) v in p cao nhng c nhc im l
in tr dn tng i ln.
3.2. Lp trnh c bng CodeVisionAVR cho ATMega32 iu khin ng c in mt
chiu.
3.2.1. Lut iu khin.
Hot ng ca mch in t nh sau: 1 chip ATMega32 c s dng nh mt
counter, c th dng iu khin ng c in mt chiu quay theo chiu thun,
ngc v iu khin ng c in mt chiu quay nhanh, chm, dng ng c theo
thi gian hoc REST, nhn button 1 iu khin ng c quay ngc, button 2 iu
khin ng c quay theo chiu thun, button 3 iu khin tng tc ng c n tc
max theo chiu ngc, sau 1s th gim tc ng c v 1s tip theo dng ng c,
button 4 iu khin ng c quay chm theo chiu thun, sau 1s th tng tc
ng c n max v 1s tip theo dng ng c, button 5 dng ng c v button 6
REST. Gi tr iu khin ng c theo PWM c hin th trn LCD.
3.2.2. Lp trnh iu khin ng c in mt chiu.

#include <mega32.h>
#include <delay.h>
// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions
#include <alcd.h>
// Declare your global variables here
void lcd_putnum(unsigned char so,unsigned char x,unsigned char y)
{
unsigned char a,b,c;
a=so/100; // lay fan tram
b=(so-100*a)/10; // lay fan chuc
c=(so-100*a-10*b); // lay hang don vi
lcd_gotoxy(x,y); // ve vi tri x,y
lcd_putchar(a+48); // day ra hang tram, ma ascii
lcd_putchar(b+48); // day ra hang chuc, ma ascii
lcd_putchar(c+48); // day ra hang don vi, ma ascii
}
void dc_speed_nguoc(unsigned char n)
{
lcd_putnum(n,4,1);
OCR1AL=n;
OCR1BL=0;
}
void dc_speed_thuan(unsigned char n)
{
lcd_putnum(n,4,1);
OCR1AL=0;
OCR1BL=n;

}
void dc_speed_dung()
{
lcd_putnum(0,4,1);
OCR1AL=0;
OCR1BL=0;
}
void main(void)
{ PORTA=0x0
0;
DDRA=0x00;

PORTB=0xFF;
DDRB=0x00;

PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0x00;

PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0xFF;

TCCR0=0x00;
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x00;

TCCR1A=0xF2;
TCCR1B=0x02;

TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;

ASSR=0x00;
TCCR2=0x00;
TCNT2=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;

MCUCR=0x00;
MCUCSR=0x00;

TIMSK=0x00;

UCSRB=0x00;

ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;

ADCSRA=0x00;

SPCR=0x00;

TWCR=0x00;

lcd_init(16);
while (1)
{ if(PINB.0==
0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay nguoc

PWM= ,n=-1440");

dc_speed_nguoc(255);
//delay_ms(1000);
//lcd_clear();
}
if(PINB.1==0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay thuan

PWM= ,n=1440 ");

dc_speed_thuan(255);
//delay_ms(1000);
//lcd_clear();
}
if(PINB.2==0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay nguoc max PWM= ,n=-1440");
dc_speed_nguoc(250);

delay_ms(1000);
lcd_clear();
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay nguoc cham PWM= ,n=-1020");
dc_speed_nguoc(180);
delay_ms(1000);
lcd_clear();
if(PINB.4==1)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Dung

PWM= ,n=0");

dc_speed_dung();
}
}
}
if(PINB.3==0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay thuan cham PWM= ,n=1020");
dc_speed_thuan(180);
delay_ms(1000);
lcd_clear();
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay thuan max PWM= ,n=1440");
dc_speed_thuan(250);

delay_ms(1000);
lcd_clear();
if(PINB.4==1)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Dung

PWM= ,n=0");

dc_speed_dung();
}
}
}
if(PINB.4==0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Dung

PWM= ,n=0");

dc_speed_dung();
}
}
}
3.3. M phng trn phn mm Proteus
thc hin qu trnh m phng cn thc hin cc bc sau:
- Thit k mch nguyn l iu khin ng c in mt chiu trn phn mm Proteus.

Hnh 3.11. Mch nguyn l iu khin ng c in mt chiu trn

Proteus.
- Lp trnh bng ngn ng C vo ca s trn phn mm CodeVisionAVR.

Hnh 3.12. Ca s lp trnh C cho AVR.

- Nhn Shift + F9 bin dch chng trnh:

80

Hnh 3.13. Kt qu sau khi bin dch.

Nu chng trnh dch khng c li chng trnh dch s dch sang file Hex.
- Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. np chng trnh cho vi iu khin nhp i
chut tri vo vi iu khin ca s Edit Component hin ra. Trong ca s Edit
Component ch : Program File: Chn ng dn n chng trnh cn np

Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin.

Sau khi np chng trnh s dng cc nt m phng quan st s lm vic
ca mch. M phng s lm vic ca mch vi iu khin c th quan st s lm vic
ca mch, c th iu chnh hot ng ca mch sao cho ph hp vi yu cu trc
khi thi cng mch. M phng vi iu khin cn gip cho vic vit phn mm tt hn.

Hnh 3.15. M phng iu khin ng c in mt chiu

trn Proteus.

3.4. Mch in v mch m phng trn phn mm atium.

Hnh 3.16. Mch in mch iu khin.

lc.

Hnh 3.17. Mch in mch

Hnh 3.18. Mt trc mch iu khin.

mch lc.

Hnh 3.19. Mt trc

Hnh 3.20. Mt sau mch iu khin.

lc.

Hnh 3.21. Mt sau mch

Hnh 3.22. Mch iu khin m phng 3D Hnh 3.23. Mch lc m

phng 3D

3.5. Mch thc t iu khin ng c in mt chiu.

Hnh 3.24. Mch iu khin thc t

Hnh 3.25. Mch lc thc t

ng c ng c in mt chiu

in mt chiu.

KT LUN.
Vi mi sinh vin kha lun tt nghip l mt yu cu khng th thiu khi sp
ra trng, l s tng hp tt c nhng kin thc tch ly c trong sut qu
trnh hc tp ti nh trng. Cng ging nh cc bn trong lp 01dhlt in - in t
thi gian em hc tp ti nh trng cng n thi k hon thnh. V lm c
iu bn thn em v cc bn trong lp s phi p ng c yu cu ra ca nh
trng l lm kha lun tt nghip.
Sau hn mt thng tch cc tm hiu v lm kha lun tt nghip ca bn thn
v c bit l di s hng dn ch bo tn tnh ca thy Nguyn Vn Trung, l
ngi trc tip hng dn v gip em trong qu trnh lm kha lun cng cc
thy c gio trong khoa in, ton th cc bn sinh vin trong lp tn tnh ch bo,
to iu kin v thi gian gip em trong thi gian thc hin lm kha lun. V
trong khong thi gian vi trnh c hn em cha th p ng c mt bi kha
lun nh mong mun, nhng v c bn th em cng lm c nhng yu cu ni
dung c bn ti t ra nh:
-

Tng quan v cc thit b iu chnh:

Trong chng ny em nghin cu tm hiu c cc thit b iu chnh nh:

Chp Atmega32, cu trc cc thanh ghi, cu hnh cc chn iu khin iu khin
ng c in mt chiu, LCD hin th cc qu trnh lm vic ca ng c, ngoi ra
em cn gii thiu v ng c in mt chiu l i tng iu khin chnh.
- Gii thiu v phn mm Proteus v lp trnh C cho AVR trn phn mm
CodeVisionAVR.
Proteus v Altium l hai phn mm ca chuyn ngnh k thut in - in t,
n gip cho cc bn sinh vin trong ngnh c th t thit k c cc mch ng dng
m phng mt cch khoa hc v hiu qu, c th chuyn t mch nguyn l qua mch
in v mch m phng trn 3D ngoi ra phn mm CodeVisionAVR l mt phn mm
h tr lp trnh cho vi iu khin AVR bng ngn ng C, n h tr nhiu th vin lp
trnh c sn .Trong chng ny em cng gii thiu c cc phn mm trn v ng
dng cho ti nghin cu ca em, tuy nhin do kh nng cn hn ch nn phn m
phng ca em chua c hon thin cho bi bi nghin cu
- Thit k mch, lp trnh iu khin ng c in mt chiu v m phng trn phn
mm Proteus.
C s t hai chng 1 v 2 em a ra c mch nguyn l v mch iu
khin ng c in mt chiu, mch m phng da trn phn mm Proteus v Altium
v mch thc t.

Trong qu trnh lm kha lun em tng kt, tp hp li ton b kin thc m

mnh c hc trong sut 4 nm ri hc ti trng. Lm kha lun tt nghip l
c hi tt em tip thu, hc hi nhng kin thc mi st vi tnh hnh thc t.
V trong qu trnh lm n em nhn thy l mnh ang lm mt ti mang
tnh cp thit n c th c ng dng trong cc phng nghin cu ng dng ca khoa
in in t v cng c th lm c s m rng cho cc ng dng trong iu khin
cng nghip nh: iu khin robot, iu khin trong truyn ng cnh tay robot, trong
cc yu cu v truyn ng c chnh xc cao c v di iu chnh rng
T em rt ra c nhiu kinh nghim trong cng vic ca mnh, v em cng
nhn ra c nhng hn ch, thiu st ca bn thn.
Cng chnh v nhng hn ch cho nn bn kha lun ny ca em khng th
trnh khi sai st. Do vy em knh mong c s quan tm ch bo nhiu hn na ca
cc thy c gio trong khoa in v ton th cc bn sinh vin trong lp, bn n
ny hon thin hn v c p dng trong thc tin.
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n s gip tn tnh qu bu ca thy
gio hng dn Nguyn Vn Trung v cc thy c gio trong khoa in cng ton th
cc bn sinh vin trong lp nhit tnh gip em trong sut qu trnh lm kha
lun va qua cng nh trong c kha hc va ri.
Em xin chn thnh knh chc cc thy c lun mnh khe hon thnh tt mi
nhim v c giao, chc cc bn sinh vin bo v kha lun t kt qu cao v thnh
cng rc r.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
Ch Linh, ngy 02 thng 11
nm 2012
Sinh vin
Phm Danh Bnh

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Vi iu khin AVR: Ng Din Tp. Nh xut bn Khoa hc & K thut - H

ni 2006.
2. Lp trnh ghp ni my tnh trong Windows. Ng Din Tp. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc & K thut - H ni 2000.
3. Lp trnh C trong k thut in t: Wiffiam buchnan. Nh xut bn Khoa hc &
K thut - H ni 1999.
4. in t cng sut: Nguyn Bnh. Nh xut bn Khoa hc & K thut - H ni
1999.
5. Ddatasheet Atmega8

-www.atmel.com/images/doc2486.pdf
-http://www.datasheetcatalog.com

MC LC
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t............................................................ 46
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t..................................... 46
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t.................................................. 46
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t........................................................... 47
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc................................................ 47
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t................................................ 47
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t........................................................................ 48
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m................................................................................. 48
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t.................................................................................. 48
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm......................................................................... 48
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack............................................................................... 49
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm........................................................... 49
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm........................................................................ 49
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v..................................................................................... 51
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin.................................................................... 52
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin.................................................................................. 52
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32.................................................................................. 53
..................................................................................................................................... 53
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2........................................................................................... 53
..................................................................................................................................... 54
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu.............................................................................. 54
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin............................................................................... 54
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l.............................................................................................. 68
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin............................................................................................. 68
.................................................................................................................................. 68
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin........................................................... 82
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46...................................................... 95
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46................................. 95
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46............................................ 95

Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47..................................................... 95

Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47.......................................... 95
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47.......................................... 95
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48................................................................... 95
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48........................................................................... 95
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48............................................................................. 95
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48................................................................... 95
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49......................................................................... 95
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49..................................................... 95
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49.................................................................. 95
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51............................................................................... 95
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52.............................................................. 95
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52........................................................................... 95
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53............................................................................ 95
53................................................................................................................................ 95
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53..................................................................................... 95
54................................................................................................................................ 95
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54........................................................................ 95
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54......................................................................... 95
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68........................................................................................ 95
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68..................................................................................... 95
68............................................................................................................................. 95
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82..................................................... 95
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89................................................. 95
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89............................ 95
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89....................................... 95
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89................................................ 95
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89..................................... 95
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89..................................... 96
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89.............................................................. 96
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89...................................................................... 96
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89........................................................................ 96

Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89.............................................................. 96

Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89.................................................................... 96
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89................................................ 96
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89............................................................. 96
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89.......................................................................... 96
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89......................................................... 96
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89...................................................................... 96
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89....................................................................... 96
53 89........................................................................................................................... 96
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89................................................................................ 96
54 89........................................................................................................................... 96
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89................................................................... 96
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89.................................................................... 96
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89................................................................................... 96
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89................................................................................ 96
68 89........................................................................................................................ 96
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89................................................ 96
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46...................................................... 97
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46................................. 97
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46............................................ 97
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47..................................................... 97
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47.......................................... 97
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47.......................................... 97
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48................................................................... 97
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48........................................................................... 97
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48............................................................................. 97
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48................................................................... 97
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49......................................................................... 97
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49..................................................... 97
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49.................................................................. 97
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51............................................................................... 97
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52.............................................................. 97

Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52........................................................................... 97

Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53............................................................................ 97
53................................................................................................................................ 97
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53..................................................................................... 97
54................................................................................................................................ 97
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54........................................................................ 97
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54......................................................................... 97
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68........................................................................................ 97
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68..................................................................................... 97
68............................................................................................................................. 97
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82..................................................... 97
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89................................................. 97
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89............................ 98
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89....................................... 98
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89................................................ 98
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89..................................... 98
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89..................................... 98
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89.............................................................. 98
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89...................................................................... 98
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89........................................................................ 98
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89.............................................................. 98
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89.................................................................... 98
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89................................................ 98
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89............................................................. 98
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89.......................................................................... 98
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89......................................................... 98
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89...................................................................... 98
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89....................................................................... 98
53 89........................................................................................................................... 98
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89................................................................................ 98
54 89........................................................................................................................... 98
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89................................................................... 98

Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89.................................................................... 98

3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89................................................................................... 98
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89................................................................................ 98
68 89........................................................................................................................ 98
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89................................................ 98
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 90................................................. 98
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 90............................ 98
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 90....................................... 98
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 90................................................ 98
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 90..................................... 98
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 90..................................... 98
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 90.............................................................. 98
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 90...................................................................... 99
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 90........................................................................ 99
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 90.............................................................. 99
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 90.................................................................... 99
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 90................................................ 99
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 90............................................................. 99
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 90.......................................................................... 99
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 90......................................................... 99
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 90...................................................................... 99
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 90....................................................................... 99
53 90........................................................................................................................... 99
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 90................................................................................ 99
54 90........................................................................................................................... 99
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 90................................................................... 99
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 90.................................................................... 99
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 90................................................................................... 99
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 90................................................................................ 99
68 90........................................................................................................................ 99
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 90................................................ 99
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 90............................................ 99

Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 91.......................99

Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 91.................................. 99
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 91........................................... 99
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 91................................ 99
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 91................................ 99
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 91.......................................................... 99
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 91................................................................. 99
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 91................................................................... 99
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 91......................................................... 99
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 91............................................................... 99
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 91........................................... 99
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 91........................................................ 99
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 91................................................................... 100
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 91.................................................. 100
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 91............................................................... 100
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 91................................................................. 100
53 89 91.................................................................................................................... 100
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 91......................................................................... 100
54 89 91.................................................................................................................... 100
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 91............................................................ 100
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 91............................................................. 100
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 91............................................................................ 100
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 91......................................................................... 100
68 89 91................................................................................................................. 100
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 91......................................... 100

DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t................................... 46
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t.............46
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t.........................46
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t................................. 47
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc......................47
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t......................47
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t............................................... 48
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m........................................................ 48
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t......................................................... 48
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm................................................48
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack...................................................... 49
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm..................................49
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm.............................................. 49
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v........................................................... 51
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin........................................... 52
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin......................................................... 52
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32.......................................................... 53
...............................................................................................................
...................... 53
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2................................................................... 53
...............................................................................................................
...................... 54
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu..................................................... 54
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin...................................................... 54
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l................................................................................. 68
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin................................................................................ 68
............................................................................................................
...................... 68
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin..................................82
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46............................. 89
95

Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46........89

Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46...................89
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47........................... 89
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47................89

96

Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47..............89

Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48......................................... 89
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48................................................. 89
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48...................................................89
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48........................................ 89
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49............................................... 89
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49..........................89
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49.......................................89
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51.................................................... 89
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52....................................89
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52................................................. 89
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53................................................... 89
53.........................................................................................................
....................... 89
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53............................................................ 89
54.........................................................................................................
....................... 89
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54............................................. 89
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54............................................... 89
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68........................................................................... 89
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68........................................................................ 89
68..........................................................................................................
................... 89
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82..........................89
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 95.......................89
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 95. .89
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 95.............89
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 95.....................90
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 95..........90
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 95.........90

Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 95.................................... 90

Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 95............................................ 90
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 95............................................. 90
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 95................................... 90
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 95.......................................... 90

Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 95.....................90

Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 95..................................90
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 95............................................... 90
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 95...............................90
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 95............................................ 90
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 95.............................................. 90
53
95.........................................................................................................
.................. 90
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 95....................................................... 90
54
95.........................................................................................................
.................. 90
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 95........................................ 90
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 95.......................................... 90
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 95...................................................................... 90
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 95................................................................... 90
68
95..........................................................................................................
.............. 90
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 95.....................90
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 95..................90
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 95
......................................................................................................... 90
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 95........90
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 95................90
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 95.....90
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 96....90
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 96............................... 90
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 96.......................................90
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 96........................................ 90
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 96.............................. 91

Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 96..................................... 91

Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 96................91
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 96.............................91
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 96.......................................... 91
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 96.........................91
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 96....................................... 91
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 96.........................................91

53 89
96.........................................................................................................
............. 91
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 96................................................... 91
54 89
96.........................................................................................................
............. 91
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 96.....................................91
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 96...................................... 91
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 96................................................................. 91
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 96.............................................................. 91
68 89
96..........................................................................................................
......... 91
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 96.................91
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 97........................91
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 97. . .91
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 97..............91
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 97......................91
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 97...........91
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 97...........91
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 97..................................... 91
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 97............................................. 91
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 97...............................................91
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 97.................................... 91
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 97........................................... 91
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 97......................91
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 97...................................91
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 97................................................ 91
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 97................................91
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 97.............................................. 92

Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 97............................................... 92

53
97.........................................................................................................
.................. 92
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 97........................................................ 92
54
97.........................................................................................................
.................. 92
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 97..........................................92
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 97........................................... 92
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 97...................................................................... 92

3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 97................................................................... 92

68
97..........................................................................................................
.............. 92
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 97.....................92
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 97..................92
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 98
......................................................................................................... 92
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 98........92
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 98................92
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 98.....92
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 98....92
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 98............................... 92
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 98.......................................92
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 98........................................ 92
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 98.............................. 92
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 98..................................... 92
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 98................92
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 98.............................92
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 98.......................................... 92
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 98.........................92
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 98....................................... 92
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 98.........................................92
53 89
98.........................................................................................................
............. 92
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 98..................................................92
54 89
98.........................................................................................................
............. 92
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 98................................... 92
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 98..................................... 93

3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 98................................................................. 93

3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 98.............................................................. 93
68 89
98..........................................................................................................
......... 93
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 98................93
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 90 98..................93
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 90 98
......................................................................................................... 93
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 90 98........93

Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 90 98................93

Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 90 98.....93
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 90 98....93
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 90 98............................... 93
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 90 99.......................................93
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 90 99........................................ 93
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 90 99.............................. 93
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 90 99..................................... 93
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 90 99................93
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 90 99.............................93
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 90 99.......................................... 93
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 90 99.........................93
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 90 99....................................... 93
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 90 99.........................................93
53 90
99.........................................................................................................
............. 93
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 90 99..................................................93
54 90
99.........................................................................................................
............. 93
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 90 99................................... 93
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 90 99..................................... 93
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 90 99................................................................. 93
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 90 99.............................................................. 93
68 90
99..........................................................................................................
......... 93
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 90 99................93
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 90 99.............93
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 91
99..................................................................................................... 94
100

Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 91 99...94

Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 91 99...........94
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 91 99 94
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 91 9994
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 91 99..........................94
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 91 99..................................94
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 91 99................................... 94

101

Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 91 99......................... 94

Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 91 99................................ 94
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 91 99...........94
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 91 99........................94
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 91 100................................... 94
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 91 100..................94
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 91 100................................ 94
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 91 100..................................94
53 89 91
100.......................................................................................................
........ 94
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 91 100...........................................94
54 89 91
100.......................................................................................................
........ 94
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 91 100............................ 94
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 91 100.............................. 94
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 91 100.......................................................... 94
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 91 100....................................................... 94
68 89 91
100........................................................................................................
.... 94
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 91 100.........94
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46.......................... 105
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46.....105
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46................105
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47........................ 105
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47.............105
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47............105
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48....................................... 105
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48............................................... 105

Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48................................................ 105

Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48...................................... 105
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49............................................. 105
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49........................105
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49.....................................105
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51.................................................. 105
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52..................................105

Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52............................................... 105

Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53................................................. 105
53.........................................................................................................
..................... 105
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53.......................................................... 105
54.........................................................................................................
..................... 105
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54........................................... 105
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54............................................. 105
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68......................................................................... 106
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68...................................................................... 106
68..........................................................................................................
................. 106
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82........................106
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89.....................106
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 106
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89...........106
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89...................106
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89........106
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89.......106
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89.................................. 106
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89.......................................... 106
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89........................................... 106
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89................................. 106
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89........................................ 106
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89...................106
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89................................106
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89............................................. 106
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89.............................106
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89.......................................... 106

Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89............................................106

53
89.........................................................................................................
................ 106
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89.....................................................106
54
89.........................................................................................................
................ 106
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89...................................... 106

Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89........................................ 106

3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89.................................................................... 106
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89................................................................. 106
68
89..........................................................................................................
............ 106
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89...................106
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 90.....................106
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 90 106
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 90...........107
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 90...................107
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 90........107
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 90.......107
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 90.................................. 107
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 90.......................................... 107
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 90........................................... 107
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 90................................. 107
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 90........................................ 107
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 90...................107
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 90................................107
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 90............................................. 107
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 90.............................107
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 90.......................................... 107
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 90............................................107
53
90.........................................................................................................
................ 107
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 90.....................................................107
54
90.........................................................................................................
................ 107

Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 90...................................... 107

Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 90........................................ 107
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 90.................................................................... 107
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 90................................................................. 107
68
90..........................................................................................................
............ 107
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 90...................107
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 90................107

Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 91

....................................................................................................... 107
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 91......107
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 91..............107
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 91...107
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 91. .107
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 91.............................107
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 91.....................................107
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 91...................................... 108
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 91............................ 108
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 91................................... 108
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 91..............108
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 91...........................108
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 91........................................ 108
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 91.......................108
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 91..................................... 108
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 91.......................................108
53 89
91.........................................................................................................
........... 108
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 91................................................108
54 89
91.........................................................................................................
........... 108
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 91................................. 108
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 91................................... 108
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 91............................................................... 108
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 91............................................................ 108
68 89
91..........................................................................................................
....... 108
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 91..............108

DANH MC BNG BIU

Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t................................... 46
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t.............46
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t.........................46
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t................................. 47
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc......................47
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t......................47
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t............................................... 48
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m........................................................ 48
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t......................................................... 48
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm................................................48
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack...................................................... 49
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm..................................49
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm.............................................. 49
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v........................................................... 51
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin........................................... 52
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin......................................................... 52
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32.......................................................... 53
...............................................................................................................
...................... 53
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2................................................................... 53

...............................................................................................................
...................... 54
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu..................................................... 54
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin...................................................... 54

3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l................................................................................. 68

3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin................................................................................ 68
...........................................................................................................
....................... 68
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin................................ 82
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46............................ 89
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46.......89
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46..................89
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47.......................... 89
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47...............89
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47..............89
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48......................................... 89
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48................................................. 89
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48...................................................89
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48........................................ 89
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49............................................... 89
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49..........................89
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49.......................................89
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51.................................................... 89
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52....................................89
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52................................................. 89
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53................................................... 89
53.........................................................................................................
....................... 89
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53............................................................ 89
54.........................................................................................................
....................... 89
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54............................................. 89
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54............................................... 89
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68........................................................................... 89
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68........................................................................ 89

68..........................................................................................................
................... 89
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82..........................89
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 95.......................89
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 95. .89

Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 95.............89

Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 95.....................90
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 95..........90
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 95.........90
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 95.................................... 90
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 95............................................ 90
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 95............................................. 90
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 95................................... 90
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 95.......................................... 90
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 95.....................90
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 95..................................90
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 95............................................... 90
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 95...............................90
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 95............................................ 90
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 95.............................................. 90
53
95.........................................................................................................
.................. 90
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 95....................................................... 90
54
95.........................................................................................................
.................. 90
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 95........................................ 90
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 95.......................................... 90
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 95...................................................................... 90
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 95................................................................... 90
68
95..........................................................................................................
.............. 90
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 95.....................90
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 95..................90

Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 95

......................................................................................................... 90
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 95........90
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 95................90
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 95.....90
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 96....90
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 96............................... 90
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 96.......................................90

Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 96........................................ 90

Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 96.............................. 91
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 96..................................... 91
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 96................91
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 96.............................91
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 96.......................................... 91
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 96.........................91
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 96....................................... 91
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 96.........................................91
53 89
96.........................................................................................................
............. 91
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 96..................................................91
54 89
96.........................................................................................................
............. 91
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 96................................... 91
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 96..................................... 91
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 96................................................................. 91
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 96.............................................................. 91
68 89
96..........................................................................................................
......... 91
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 96................91
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 97.......................91
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 97. .91
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 97.............91
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 97.....................91
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 97..........91
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 97.........91
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 97.................................... 91

Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 97............................................ 91

Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 97............................................. 91
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 97................................... 91
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 97.......................................... 91
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 97.....................91
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 97..................................91
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 97............................................... 91

Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 97...............................91

Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 97............................................ 92
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 97.............................................. 92
53
97.........................................................................................................
.................. 92
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 97....................................................... 92
54
97.........................................................................................................
.................. 92
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 97........................................ 92
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 97.......................................... 92
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 97...................................................................... 92
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 97................................................................... 92
68
97..........................................................................................................
.............. 92
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 97.....................92
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 97..................92
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 98
......................................................................................................... 92
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 98........92
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 98................92
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 98.....92
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 98....92
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 98............................... 92
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 98.......................................92
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 98........................................ 92
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 98.............................. 92
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 98..................................... 92
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 98................92
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 98.............................92

Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 98.......................................... 92

Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 98.........................92
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 98....................................... 92
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 98.........................................92
53 89
98.........................................................................................................
............. 92
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 98..................................................92
54 89
98.........................................................................................................
............. 92

Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 98................................... 92

Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 98..................................... 93
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 98................................................................. 93
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 98.............................................................. 93
68 89
98..........................................................................................................
......... 93
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 98................93
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 90 98..................93
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 90 98
......................................................................................................... 93
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 90 98........93
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 90 98................93
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 90 98.....93
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 90 98....93
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 90 98............................... 93
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 90 99.......................................93
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 90 99........................................ 93
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 90 99.............................. 93
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 90 99..................................... 93
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 90 99................93
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 90 99.............................93
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 90 99.......................................... 93
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 90 99.........................93
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 90 99....................................... 93
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 90 99.........................................93
53 90
99.........................................................................................................
............. 93
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 90 99..................................................93

110

54 90
99.........................................................................................................
............. 93
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 90 99................................... 93
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 90 99..................................... 93
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 90 99................................................................. 93
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 90 99.............................................................. 93
68 90
99..........................................................................................................
......... 93
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 90 99................93

111

Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 90 99.............93

Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 91
99..................................................................................................... 94
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 91 99...94
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 91 99...........94
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 91 99 94
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 91 9994
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 91 99..........................94
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 91 99..................................94
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 91 99................................... 94
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 91 99......................... 94
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 91 99................................ 94
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 91 99...........94
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 91 99........................94
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 91 100................................... 94
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 91 100..................94
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 91 100................................ 94
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 91 100..................................94
53 89 91
100.......................................................................................................
........ 94
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 91 100...........................................94
54 89 91
100.......................................................................................................
........ 94
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 91 100............................ 94
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 91 100.............................. 94
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 91 100.......................................................... 94
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 91 100....................................................... 94
68 89 91
100........................................................................................................
.... 94

Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 91 100.........94

Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46............................ 95
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46.......95
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46..................95
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47.......................... 95
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47...............95
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47..............95

Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48......................................... 95

Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48................................................. 95
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48...................................................95
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48........................................ 95
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49............................................... 95
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49..........................95
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49.......................................95
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51.................................................... 95
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52....................................95
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52................................................. 95
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53................................................... 95
53.........................................................................................................
....................... 95
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53............................................................ 95
54.........................................................................................................
....................... 95
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54............................................. 95
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54............................................... 95
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68........................................................................... 95
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68........................................................................ 95
68..........................................................................................................
................... 95
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82..........................95
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89.......................95
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89. .95
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89.............95
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89.....................95
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89..........95
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89.........96
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89.................................... 96

Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89............................................ 96

Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89............................................. 96
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89................................... 96
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89.......................................... 96
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89.....................96

Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89..................................96

Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89............................................... 96
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89...............................96
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89............................................ 96
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89.............................................. 96
53
89.........................................................................................................
.................. 96
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89....................................................... 96
54
89.........................................................................................................
.................. 96
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89........................................ 96
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89.......................................... 96
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89...................................................................... 96
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89................................................................... 96
68
89..........................................................................................................
.............. 96
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89.....................96
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 95 89..................96
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 95 89
......................................................................................................... 96
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 95 89........96
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 95 90................96
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 95 90.....96
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 95 90....96
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 95 90............................... 96
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 95 90.......................................96
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 95 90........................................ 96
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 95 90.............................. 96
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 95 90..................................... 96

Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 95 90................97

Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 95 90.............................97
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 95 90.......................................... 97
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 95 90.........................97
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 95 90....................................... 97
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 95 90.........................................97
53 95
90.........................................................................................................
............. 97

Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 95 90..................................................97

54 95
90.........................................................................................................
............. 97
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 95 90................................... 97
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 95 90..................................... 97
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 95 90................................................................. 97
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 95 90.............................................................. 97
68 95
90..........................................................................................................
......... 97
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 95 90................97
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 95 90.............97
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 95
90..................................................................................................... 97
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 95 90...97
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 95 90...........97
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 95 90 97
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 96 9097
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 96 90..........................97
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 96 90..................................97
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 96 90................................... 97
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 96 91......................... 97
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 96 91................................ 97
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 96 91...........97
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 96 91........................97
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 96 91..................................... 97
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 96 91....................97
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 96 91.................................. 97
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 96 91....................................97

53 89 96
91.........................................................................................................
........ 98
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 96 91.............................................98
54 89 96
91.........................................................................................................
........ 98
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 96 91.............................. 98
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 96 91................................ 98
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 96 91............................................................ 98
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 96 91......................................................... 98

68 89 96
91..........................................................................................................
.... 98
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 96 91............98
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 97 91...................98
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 97 91
........................................................................................................... 98
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 97 91.........98
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 97 91.................98
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 97 91......98
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 97 91......98
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 97 91................................ 98
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 97 91........................................ 98
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 97 91..........................................98
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 97 91............................... 98
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 97 91...................................... 98
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 97 91.................98
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 97 91..............................98
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 97 91........................................... 98
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 97 91...........................98
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 97 92........................................ 98
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 97 92.......................................... 98
53 97
92.........................................................................................................
............. 98
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 97 92................................................... 98
54 97
92.........................................................................................................
............. 98
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 97 92.....................................98
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 97 92...................................... 98

3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 97 92................................................................. 98

3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 97 92.............................................................. 99
68 97
92..........................................................................................................
......... 99
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 97 92.................99
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 97 92..............99
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 98
92....................................................................................................... 99
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 98 92....99
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 98 92............99

Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 98 92 99

Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 98 9299
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 98 92..........................99
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 98 92..................................99
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 98 92................................... 99
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 98 92......................... 99
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 98 92................................ 99
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 98 92...........99
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 98 92........................99
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 98 92..................................... 99
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 98 92....................99
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 98 92.................................. 99
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 98 92....................................99
53 89 98
92.........................................................................................................
........ 99
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 98 92.............................................99
54 89 98
92.........................................................................................................
........ 99
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 98 92.............................. 99
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 98 93................................ 99
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 98 93............................................................ 99
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 98 93......................................................... 99
68 89 98
93..........................................................................................................
.... 99
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 98 93...........99
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 90 98 93.............99
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 90 98
93..................................................................................................... 99
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 90 98 93...99

Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 90 98 93.........100

Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 90 98 93
....................................................................................................... 100
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 90 98 93
....................................................................................................... 100
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 90 98 93........................100
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 90 99 93................................100
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 90 99 93................................. 100
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 90 99 93.......................100

Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 90 99 93..............................100

Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 90 99 93.........100
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 90 99 93......................100
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 90 99 93................................... 100
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 90 99 93..................100
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 90 99 93................................ 100
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 90 99 93..................................100
53 90 99
93.........................................................................................................
...... 100
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 90 99 93...........................................100
54 90 99
93.........................................................................................................
...... 100
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 90 99 93............................ 100
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 90 99 93.............................. 100
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 90 99 93.......................................................... 100
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 90 99 93....................................................... 100
68 90 99
93..........................................................................................................
.. 100
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 90 99 93.........100
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 90 99 93......100
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 91
99 94.............................................................................................. 100
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 91 99 94
....................................................................................................... 100
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 91 99 94....100
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 91 99 94
....................................................................................................... 100
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 91 99 94
....................................................................................................... 100
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 91 99 94...................100

Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 91 99 94...........................100

Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 91 99 94............................ 100
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 91 99 94..................101
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 91 99 94.........................101
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 91 99 94....101
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 91 99 94.................101
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 91 100 94............................101
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 91 100 94...........101
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 91 100 94.........................101

Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 91 100 94...........................101

53 89 91 100
94........................................................................................................
101
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 91 100 94................................... 101
54 89 91 100
94........................................................................................................
101
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 91 100 94.....................101
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 91 100 94.......................101
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 91 100 94................................................... 101
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 91 100 94................................................ 101
68 89 91 100
94.....................................................................................................
101
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 91 100 94. .101
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 105...................101
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 105101
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 105.........101
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 105.................101
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 105......101
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 105.....101
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 105................................ 101
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 105........................................ 101
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 105......................................... 101
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 105............................... 101
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 105...................................... 101
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 105.................101
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 105..............................101
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 105........................................... 101
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 105..........................101

Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 105........................................ 102

Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 105..........................................102
53
105.......................................................................................................
................ 102
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 105...................................................102
54
105.......................................................................................................
................ 102
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 105.................................... 102
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 105...................................... 102

3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 106.................................................................. 102

3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 106............................................................... 102
68
106........................................................................................................
............ 102
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 106.................102
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 106..............102
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 106
....................................................................................................... 102
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 106....102
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 106............102
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 106.102
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 106 102
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 106...........................102
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 106...................................102
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 106.................................... 102
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 106.......................... 102
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 106................................. 102
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 106............102
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 106.........................102
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 106...................................... 102
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 106.....................102
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 106................................... 102
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 106.....................................102
53 89
106.......................................................................................................
........... 102
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 106..............................................102
54 89
106.......................................................................................................
........... 102
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 106............................... 102

Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 106................................. 103

3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 106............................................................. 103
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 106.......................................................... 103
68 89
106........................................................................................................
....... 103
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 106............103
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 90 106..............103
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 90 106
....................................................................................................... 103

Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 90 107....103

Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 90 107............103
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 90 107.103
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 90 107 103
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 90 107...........................103
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 90 107...................................103
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 90 107.................................... 103
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 90 107.......................... 103
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 90 107................................. 103
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 90 107............103
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 90 107.........................103
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 90 107...................................... 103
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 90 107.....................103
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 90 107................................... 103
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 90 107.....................................103
53 90
107.......................................................................................................
........... 103
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 90 107..............................................103
54 90
107.......................................................................................................
........... 103
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 90 107............................... 103
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 90 107................................. 103
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 90 107............................................................. 103
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 90 107.......................................................... 103
68 90
107........................................................................................................
....... 103
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 90 107............103
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 89 90 107.........103
12
0

Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 89 91

107................................................................................................. 104
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 89 91 107104
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 89 91 107.......104
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 89 91 107
....................................................................................................... 104
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 89 91 107
....................................................................................................... 104
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 89 91 107......................104
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 89 91 107..............................104

12
1

Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 89 91 108............................... 104

Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 89 91 108.....................104
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 89 91 108............................104
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 89 91 108.......104
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 89 91 108....................104
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 89 91 108................................. 104
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 89 91 108................104
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 89 91 108.............................. 104
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 89 91 108................................104
53 89 91
108.......................................................................................................
...... 104
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 91 108........................................ 104
54 89 91
108.......................................................................................................
...... 104
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 91 108.......................... 104
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 91 108............................ 104
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 91 108........................................................ 104
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 91 108..................................................... 104
68 89 91
108........................................................................................................
.. 104
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 91 108.......104