Professional Documents
Culture Documents
nghiên cứu atmega 32, điều khiển động cơ điện một chiều
nghiên cứu atmega 32, điều khiển động cơ điện một chiều
B CNG THNG
TRNG CAO NG CNG NGHIP HU
KHOA IN
LI NI U.
Trong mi thi i, c bit l thi i kinh t tri thc ngy nay, lao ng chn
tay ang dn c thay th bng cc thit b my mc tin tin, hin i. c c
cc thit b trn th i ngu tri thc chnh l lc lng nng ct, sng to v tr thnh
ngun lc c bit quan trng trong chin lc pht trin, to nn sc mnh ca mi
quc gia. V con ngi, vi tt c nhng nng lc sng to v phm cht tch cc ca
mnh s tr thnh ng lc pht trin cho cng cuc cng nghip ha hin i ha.
i vi mt quc gia ni cung v nc ta ni ring th nhng nghnh ng vai
tr then cht ca nn kinh t nc ta l: in, Than, Du Khv ngnh cng nghip
t ng ha khng nm ngoi chin lc pht trin kinh t. Cng nghip t ng ha
cc ngnh ngh, ng thi gp phn thc y qu trnh cng nghip ha, hin i ha
t nc, xy dng c s h tng phc v dn sinh.
nng cao cht lng sn phm, s lng sn phm cng nh h tr cho con
ngi nhng cng vic phc tp, ngnh cng nghip t ng ha ra i v mang li
nhng hiu qu rt cao p ng hon ton nhng yu cu ca con ngi.
T ng ha l mt lnh vc c hnh thnh v pht trin rng ln trn
phm vi ton th gii, n em li mt phn khng nh cho vic to ra cc sn phm c
cht lng v phc tp cao phc v nhu cu thit yu cho cuc sng. nc ta
lnh vc t ng ha c ng v nh nc quan tm v u t rt ln, cng vi
cc lnh vc cng nghip chuyn dch nn kinh t theo nh hng cng nghip ha
hin i ha t nc.
Ni ti t ng ha ngy nay khng th khng nhc ti cc thit b c iu
khin lp trnh, trong PLC, AVR, PIC, 8051 l mt trong nhng thit b c iu
khin lp trnh v c s dng rng ri. ng dng AVR lp trnh iu khin ng
c in mt chiu. Trong ti ny em s dng vi iu khin ATmega32 vi nhng
tnh nng u vit v c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip v nghin cu khoa hc.
Do da trn khung chng trnh ca B gio dc o to, khi xy dng
trng trnh o to Trng i hc Sao ch trng thi gian cho HSSV hc tp,
s dng thit b, dng dy hc, nghin cu thc nghim ti cc phng th nghim.
Nh vy trong qu trnh hc tp, HSSV c vn dng kin thc, k nng v kh nng
cng ngh m bo tnh logic khoa hc. Mt khc, vic nghin cu, thc nghim ti
cc phng th nghip gip cho HSSV c tm tr phn khi pht huy tnh sng to,
tm ti trong qu trnh hc tp gp phn nng cao cht lng o to.
Em vn lun tin tng rng vi lng kin thc hc c trong trng, cng
vi s hng dn nhit tnh tn ty v cng cng qu bu m khng th thiu c
ca thy gio hng dn: Nguyn Vn Trung cng cc thy c gio khc v cc bn
b, em s sm hon thnh n mt cc tt nht, ng vi tin v thi gian quy
nh. Trong qu trnh lm n tt nghip, bn n ca em khng trnh khi c
sai st, nn em rt mong c s ng gp kin ca cc thy c gio v cc bn
bn n ca em c hon thin hn.
- B so snh tng t.
- Su ch ng: Ch ri (Idle), tit kim in (Power save), ch Power Down,
ch ADC Noise Reduction, ch Standby v ch Extended Standby.
1.1.3.3. M t ngha cc chn (Pin descipsions).
- At mega32 gm c 4 port: Port A, port B, port C v port D.
- Port A gm 8 chn t PA0 n PA7: L cng vo tng t cho chuyn i tng t
sang s. N cng l cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bt trong trng hp khng s sng lm
cng chuyn i tng t, c in tr ni ln ngun dng bn trong. Port A cung cp
ng a ch d liu vao/ra theo kiu hp knh khi dng b nh bn ngoi.
- Port B gm 8 chn t PB0 n PB7: L cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bt, c in tr ni ln
ngun dng bn trong. Port B cung cp cc chc nng ng vi cc tnh nng c bit
ca Atmega32.
- Port C gm cc chn t PC0 n PC7: L cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bit, c in tr ni
ln ngun dng bn trong, Port C cung cp cc a ch li ra khi s dng b nh bn
ngoi v ng thi cung cp ng vi cc tnh nng c bit ca Atmega32.
- Port D gm cc chn t PD0 n PD7: L cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bt, c in tr ni
ln ngun dng bn trong. Port D cung cp cc chc nng ng vi cc tnh nng c
bit ca Atmega32.
- Chn ngun Vcc (chn s 10 v chn s 30): in p ngun nui ca
Atmega32 t 4.5v n 5.5v.
- Chn Reset (chn s 9): Li vo t li.
- Chn GND (chn s 11 v chn 31): Chn ni mt.
- Chn XTAL1, XTAL2 l hai chn ni thch anh ngoi (chn s 12 v chn s 13).
Atmega32 s dng thch anh ngoi l 8MHz.
- Chn ICP (chn s 20): L chn vo cho chc nng bt tn hiu cho b nh thi/m
1.
- Chn OC1B (chn s 18): L chn ra cho chc nng so snh li ra b nh thi/m 1.
- Chn INT1(chn s 17): Chn ng vo ngt.
1.1.3.4. S khi.
7
I
R/W
0
6
T
R/W
0
5
H
R/W
0
4
S
R/W
0
3
V
R/W
0
2
N
R/W
0
1
Z
R/W
0
0
C
R/W
0
0 Addr
RO
R1
R13
R14
R15
R16
R17
R26
R27
R30
R31
S00 S01
S0
D
S0
E
S0
F
S1
0
S1
1
S1
A
S1
B
S1E
S1F
15
SP7
7
R/W
0
0
14
SP6
6
R/W
0
0
13
SP5
5
R/W
0
0
12
SP4
4
R/W
0
0
11
SP3
3
R/W
0
0
10
SP2
2
R/W
0
0
9
SP1
1
R/W
0
0
8
SP0
0
R/W
0
0
Khi chng trnh phc v ngt hoc chng trnh con th con ch PC c lu
vo ngn xp trong khi con tr ngn xp gim hai v tr. V con tr ngn xp s gim 1
khi thc hin lnh push. Ngc li khi thc hin l POP th con ch ngn xp s tng 1
v khi thc hin lnh RET hoc RETI th con ch ngn xp s tng 2. Nh vy con tr
ngn xp cn c chng trnh t trc gi tr khi to ngn xp trc khi mt
10
11
Ngt l mt c ch cho php thit b ngoi vi bo cho CPU bit v tnh trng
sn sng cho i d liu ca mnh. V d: Khi b truyn nhn UART nhn c mt
byte n s bo cho CPU bit thng ca c RXC, hoc khi n truyn c mt byte
th c TX c thit lp
Khi c tn hiu bo ngt CPU s tm dng cng vic ang thc hin li v lu
v tr v thc hin chng trnh (con ch PC) vo ngn xp sau ch ti vector phc
v ngt v thc hin chng trnh phc v ngt cho ti khi gp lnh RETI (return
from interrup) th CPU li ly PC t ngn xp ra v tip tc thc hin chng trnh m
trc khi c ngt n thc hin. Trong trng hp m c nhiu ngt yu cu cng
mt lc th CPU s lu cc c bo ngt li v thc hin ln lt cc ngt theo bc
u tin. Trong khi ang thc hin ngt m xut hin ngt mi th s xy ra hai trng
hp. Trng hp ngt ny c mc u tin cao hn th x c phc v. Cn nu c
mc u tin thp hn th s b b qua.
B nh ngn xp l vng bt k. Trong SRAM t a ch 0x60 tr ln. truy
nhp vo SRAM thng thng th dng con ch X, Y, Z v truy nhp vo SRAM
theo kiu ngn xp th dng con tr SP. Con ch ny l mt thanh ghi 16 bit v c
truy nhp nh hai thanh ghi 8 bit chung c a ch SPL: 0x3D/0x5D(IO/SRAM) v
SPH:0x3E/0x5E.
Khi chng trnh phc v ngt hoc chng trnh con th con tr PC c lu
vo ngn xp trong khi con tr ngn xp gim i hai v tr. V con ch ngn xp s
gim 1 khi thc hin lnh push. Ngc li khi thc hin lnh POP th con tr ngn xp
s tng 1 v thc hin lnh RET hoc RETI th con ch ngn xp s tng 2. Nh vy
con tr ngn xp cn c chng trnh t trc gi tr khi to ngn xp trc khi
mt chng trnh con c gi hoc cc ngt c cho php phc v. V gi tr ngn
xp t nht cng phi ln hn hoc bng 60H (0x60) v 5FH tr li l cc thanh ghi.
Bng 1.1. Vector ngt cho Atmega32
Vector
1
Program Address
$000
Source
RESET
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
$002
$004
$006
$008
$00A
$00C
$00E
$010
$012
$014
$016
$018
$01A
$01C
$01E
$020
$022
INT0
INT1
INT2
TIMER2 COMP
TIMER2 OVF
TIMER1 CAPT
TIMER1 CAP
TIMER1 CAPB
TIMER1 OVF
TIMER0 COMP
TIMER0 OVF
SPI, STC
USART, RXC
USART, UDRE
USART, TCX
ADC
EE_RDY
Interrupt Definition
External Pin, Power-on Reset, Brown-out
Reset, Watchdog Reset, and JTAG AVR Reset
External Interrupt Request 0
External Interrupt Request 1
External Interrupt Request 2
Timer/Counter2 Compare Match
Timer/Counter2 Overflow
Timer/Counter1 Capture Event
Timer/Counter1 Compare Match A
Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B
Timer/Counter1 Overflow
Timer/Counter0 Compare Match
Timer/Counter0 Overflow
Serial Transfer Complete
USART, Rx Complete
USART Data Rigister Empty
USART, Tx Complete
ADC Conversion Complete
EEPROM Ready
19
20
21
$024
$026
$028
ANA_COMP
TWI
SPM_RDY
Analog Comparator
Two-wire Serial Interface
Store Program Memory Ready
Tn PORT
PORTA
DDRA
PINA
PORTB
DDRB
PINB
PORTC
DDRC
PINC
PORTD
DDRD
PIND
a ch O/I
$1B
$1A
$19
$18
$17
$16
$15
$14
$13
$12
$11
$10
a ch SRAM
$3B
$3A
$39
$38
$37
$36
$35
$34
$33
$32
$31
$30
PORTxn
0
1
1
0
1
PUD(in SFIOR)
X
0
1
X
X
I/O
Input
Input
Output
Output
Output
Pull
No
Yes
No
No
No
Comment
Tri-state (Hi-Z)
Pxn will source current if ext.Pulled low
Tri-state (Hi-Z)
Output Low (Sink)
Output High (Source)
Hnh 1.13. n v m.
- Count: Tng hay gim TCNT0 1.
- Direction: La chn gia m ln v m xung.
- Clear: Xa thanh ghi TCNT0.
- ClkT0: Xung clock ca b nh thi.
- TOP: Bo hiu b nh thi tng n gi tr ln nht.
7
FOC0
W
0
6
WGM00
R/W
0
5
COM01
R/W
0
4
COM00
R/W
0
3
WGM01
R/W
0
2
CS02
R/W
0
1
CS01
R/W
0
0
CS00
R/W
0
- Bit 2:0: CS02:0: Chn xung ng h: Ba bit ny dng la chn ngun xung cho b
nh thi/b m.
Bng 1.4. Chn ngun xung cho b nh thi.
CS02
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
CS01
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
CS00
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Description
No clock source (Timer/Counter stopped)
clkI/O/(No prescalin)
clkI/O/8(From prescalin)
clkI/O/64(From prescalin)
clkI/O/256(From prescalin)
clkI/O/1024(From prescalin)
External clock source on T0 pin. Clock on falling edge
External clock source on T0 pin. Clock on falling edge
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
4
TCNT0(7-0)
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
R/W
0
Read/Wri
te Intial
Value
R/W
0
4
3
2
1
OCR0(7-0)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
Hnh 1.17. Thanh ghi so snh ng ra. 0
0
R/W
0
7
OCIF2
R/W
0
6
TOIE1
R/W
0
5
TICIE1
R/W
0
4
OCIE1A
R/W
0
3
OCIE1B
R/W
0
2
TOIE1
R/W
0
1
OCIE0
R/W
0
0
TOIE0
R/W
0
7
OCF2
R/W
0
6
TOV2
R/W
0
5
ICF1
R/W
0
4
OCF1A
R/W
0
3
OCF1B
R/W
0
2
TOV1
R/W
0
1
OCF0
R/W
0
0
TOV0
R/W
0
6
TWBR6
R/W
5
TWBR5
R/W
4
TWBR4
R/W
3
TWBR3
R/W
2
TWBR2
R/W
1
TWBR1
R/W
0
TWBR0
R/W
TWBR
TWBR
12
72
10
64
10
TWPS
0
0
0
0
0
SCL frequency[khz]
400
100
400
100
~333
12
8
8
4
3.6
2
1
52
10
32
12
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
~222
100
100
100
~55
~28
- TWCR (TWI Control Register): l thanh ghi 8 bit iu khin hot ng ca TWI.
7
TWIN7
R/W
6
TWEA
R/W
5
TWSTA
R/W
4
TWSTO
R/W
3
TWWC
R/W
2
TWEB
R/W
1
R/W
0
TWIE
R/W
TWCR
6
TWS6
R/W
5
TWS5
R/W
4
TWS4
R/W
3
TWS3
R/W
2
TWS2
R/W
1
TWS1
R/W
0
TWS0
R/W
TWSR
C rt nhiu bc, nhiu tnh hung xy ra khi giao tip bng TWI cho c Master v
Slave. ng vi mi trng hp TWI s to ra 1 code trong thanh ghi TWSR . Lp
trnh cho TWI cn xt code trong 5 bit cao ca thanh ghi TWSR v a ra cc ng x
hp l ng vi tng code.
- TWDR (TWI Data Register): l thanh ghi d liu chnh ca TWI. Trong qu trnh
nhn, d liu nhn v s c lu trong TWDR. Trong qu trnh gi, d liu cha
trong TWDR s c chuyn ra ng SDA.
- TWAR (TWI Address Register): l thanh ghi cha device address ca chip Slave. Cu
trc thanh ghi c trnh by trong hnh di.
7
TWA6
R/W
6
TWA5
R/W
5
TWA4
R/W
4
TWA3
R/W
3
TWA2
R/W
2
TWA1
R/W
1
TWA0
R/W
0
TWGECE
R/W
TWAR
Chn
Tn
Logic
Ground
Vss
Ngun
Vdd
+5V
Tng phn
Vee
0 Vdd
iu khin
RS
D0 - D7 : Lnh
D0 - D7 : D liu
c : t LCD vo AVR
V hiu ho LCD
LCD hot ng
5
6
R/W
E
T 1 xung 0
D liu / Lnh
M t
Bt u ghi/c LCD
D0
0/1
Bit 0 LSB
D1
0/1
Bit 1
D2
0/1
Bit 2
10
D3
0/1
Bit 3
11
D4
0/1
Bit 4
12
D5
0/1
Bit 5
13
D6
0/1
Bit 6
14
D7
0/1
Bit 7 MSB
Led A
15
Vss
Led K
16
Vdd
+5V
RS
RW
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
T.Gian
Xo mn hnh
1.64ms
Con tr v u dng
1.64ms
t ch
I/D
40us
Bt/Tt hin th
40us
S/C
R/L
40us
t chc nng
DL
40us
t a ch CGRAM
t a ch DDRAM
a ch DDRAM
40us
c c "BN" BF
BF
a ch DDRAM
Ghi vo CGRAM/DDRAM
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
40us
c t CGRAM/DDRAM
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
40us
a ch CGRAM
40us
Hin th B bn phi A ti v tr s 6.
.M lnh c dng ph bin cho lnh t chc nng l 0x38 (00111000giao tip 8
bit,2 dng vi font 5x8) hoc 0x28 (00101000 giao tip 4 bit,2 dng vi font 5x8).
1.2.7.3. Giao tip 8 bit v 4 bit.
Text LCD c 2 mode ghi v c d liu mode 8 bit v mode 4 bit:
Mode 8 bit: Nu bit DL trong lnh function set bng 1 th mode 8 bit c
dng. s dng mode 8 bit, tt c cc lines d liu ca LCD t D0 n D7 (t chn
7 n chn 14) phi c ni vi 1 PORT ca chip iu khin bn ngoi. u im ca
phng php giao tip ny l d liu c ghi v c rt nhanh v n gin v chip
iu khin ch cn xut hoc nhn d liu trn 1 PORT. Tuy nhin, phng php ny
c nhc im l tng s chn dnh cho giao tip LCD qu nhiu, nu tnh lun c 3
chn iu khin th cn n 11 ng cho giao tip LCD.
Mode 4 bit: LCD cho php giao tip vi b iu khin ngoi theo ch 4 bit.
Trong ch ny, cc chn D0, D1, D2 v D3 ca LCD khng c s dng (
trng), ch c 4 chn t D4 n D7 c kt ni vi chip b iu khin ngoi. Cc
instruction v data 8 bit s c ghi v c bng cch chia thnh 2 phn, gi l cc
Nibbles, mi nibble gm 4 bit v c giao tip thng qua 4 chn D7: 4, nibble cao
c x l trc v nibble thp sau. u im ln nht ca phng php ny ti thiu
s ng kt ni dng cho giao tip LCD.
1.3. ng c in mt chiu.
Hin nay, trn thc t my in mt chiu c s dng rt rng ri, c bit l
ng c in mt chiu. Trong cng nghip, ng c in mt chiu c s dng
nhng ni yu cu mmen m my ln hoc yu cu iu chnh tc bng phng,
m du v phm vi rng. V vy ng c in mt chiu c c tnh lm vic rt tt
nn c lm truyn ng chn cho cc bng ti, my bo ging, khp tay Rooboot,
di chuyn rooboot...Chnh v s u im vt tri ca ng c in mt chiu nn em
la chn ng c in mt chiu lm ti nghin cu v ng dng.
30
Ckt
Ikt
I
Rktf
R
f
Ikt
kt
kt
Ukt
(1-1)
Trong :
- U:in p phn ng (V).
- E: Sut in ng phn ng (V).
- Rf: in tr ph trong mch phn ng ().
- R: in tr ca phn ng ().
Vi R = r + rcf + rcb
+ rtx Trong :
- r: in tr dy phn ng ().
- rcf: in tr cc t ph ().
- rcb: in tr cun b ().
-rtx: in tr tip xc ca chi in ().
Sc in ng E ca phn ng ng c c xc nh theo biu thc:
P.N
E =
Trong :
.. = K.
(1-2)
2..a
- P: S i in cc chnh.
- N: S thanh dn tc dng ca cun dy phn ng.
- a: S mch nhnh song song ca cun dy phn ng.
- : Tc gc (rad/s).
- : T thng kch t chnh mt cc t (Wb).
t K =
P.N
2..
a
: H s kt cu ca ng c.
V vy: E =
. .n = Kc..n
60.a
Trong : Kc: H s sc in ng ca ng c.
T cc phng trnh trn ta c:
Uu ,
K.
R, Rf
. I
(1-3)
K.
(1-4)
Suy ra I =
U
K.
R
dt
, thay I vo (1-3) ta c
(1-5)
R f .M
(K. )
dt
K.
Suy ra: =
Ru
K.
Rf
(K.)
.M
(1-6)
(1-7)
U u,
R R .M = R
u
.M: Gi l st tc.
= u 2
2
,
(K.)
(K.)
dm
U u,
K.
, lc ny ng c t tc
Cn khi = 0 th ta c:
U u,
I = R R = Inm
f
(1-8)
M = K..Inm =Mnm
(1-9)
Md
Mnm
M
2
K.
(K.)
= tc c th thay i , Rf , U.
-Trng hp Rf thay i (U= Um= const; = m= const):
cng c tnh c:
(Kdm )2
=
gim. Nu Rf cng ln th tc
Rf
Ru
ng c cng gim ng thi dng ngn mch v mmen ngn mch cng gim. Cho
nn thng s dng phng php ny hn ch dng v iu chnh tc ng c
pha di tc c bn.
-Trng hp thay i U< Um
U
Tc khng ti 0
(K)
R
dm
(K)
R
u
gim.
U
K
n=
Ru R f
K E .
K E .K M .
.M
cng ca ng c tnh
KE KM
Ru
const
Rf
n
U
m
1
0
U
KE .
nmax 3
ncb
K E .
Ru Rf
KE .KM
.
.M
Khi Rf cng ln, cang nh, ngha l c tnh c cng dc. Nh vy khi thay i
Rf c mt h c tnh bin tr c dng.
ncb
nmin
(2 3)
1
m my Mmm phi ln ng c t c tc
40
23
Imm = R R
u
mm
4
+
U
-
CKT
Uu Eu
Ru Rmm
gim theo v tc n tng chm hn. Khi I gim n tr s (1,1 1,3) Im gt tay gt
Ur = tm.Uv/ T
Khung
menu
Thanh tc
nhn bn v
Thanh cng c
v
Danh mc cc linh kin s dng trong mch
vng lm vic
chnh
Cc nt m
phng
Phng to mn hnh.
Thu nh mn hnh.
Quan st ton b bn thit k.
Quan st tng vng ca bn thit k.
Undo/redu.
Ct/ dn.
Copy khi i tng chn
Di chuyn khi i tng chn.
Xoay khi i tng chn.
Xo khi i tng.
Ly linh kin t th vin.
To linh kin mi.
To trang v mi.
Hin th cc thng tin v in v km tra li ca bn v.
Hin th danh sch cc linh kin s dng.
Chuyn t mch nguyn l sang v mch in.
2.1.4.3. Thanh cng c.
Dch chuyn khung nhn bn v.
Hin th linh kin ang chn trn khung nhn bn v.
t tn ng dy.
To im ni.
Thm text cho bn v
V ng Bus.
To mch ph.
Ly ngun, t
Ly chn ca linh kin
th m phng.
My pht tn hiu.
u r in p.
u r dng in
Cc thit b o.
Cc cng c v 2D
Xoay tri linh kin.
Xoay phi linh kin.
o linh kin theo chiu ngang
o linh kin theo chiu dc.
50
2.1.4.4. Cc nt m phng.
M phng lin tc.
M phng tng bc.
Tm dng m phng.
Dng m phng.
2.1.4.5. Khung nhn bn v.
T y c th quan st ton b hnh nh ca bn v ang thc hin trn vng
lm vic chnh.
Manufactures
: Nh sn xut.
Device
: Tn linh kin
Library
: Th vin
Description
: M t
xut hin.
Hnh 2.31. Logo chng trnh CodeVisionAVR.
Xut hin ca s chnh ca chng trnh CodeVisionAVR nh sau:
60
EXE).
Hnh 2.39. Ca s bin dch code chng trnh.
Np vo chip: trc khi np vo chip cn thit lp mt s thng s nh:
-
- Chn Port giao tip: Tu theo my tnh nhn din b STK200+/300 port no th chn
ng port giao tip.
Cc kiu ton t C.
Cc kiu d liu.
+ Cc cu trc lp
Vng lp while
Vng lp do while
Vng lp for
-
2.3.2.1.
Cc ch th trc khi s l.
Gi th vin.
#include <tn th vin>
V d #include <delay.h>
Lnh gn
#define bin_thay_th bin
V d #define start PINA.0
2.3.2.2. Cc ton t.
-
Ton t gn (=).
V d:
b = 5;
a = 2 + b;
a = 2 + (b = 5);
a = b = c = 5;
Cc ton t gn phc hp (+=, -=, *=, /=, >>=, <<=, &=, ^=, |=)
V d:
value += increase; Tng ng vi value = value + increase;
a -= 5; Tng ng vi a = a - 5;
a /= b; Tng ng vi a = a / b;
price *= units + 1; Tng ng vi price = price * (units + 1);
- Tng v gim ++ , - a++; <=> a+=1; <=> a=a+1;
== Bng
!= Khc
> Ln hn
< Nh hn
> = Ln hn hoc bng
< = Nh hn hoc bng
-
Bits
8
8
16
16
16
16
16
32
32
Bytes
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
Range
-128 to +127
0 to 255
-32,768 to +32,767
-32,768 to +32,767
0 to 65,535
-32,768 to +32,767
0 to 65,535
-2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647
0 to 4,294,697,295
if (iu kin) Biu thc //Nu iu kin ng th thc hin biu thc sai th
thc hin lnh tip theo//.
if (x == 100) x++; //Nu x=100 th tng x thm 1//.
if (condition) statement1 else statement2
if (x == 100) x++;
else x- -;
- Cc cu trc
lp.
Vng
lp
while.
Dng thc:
while (iu kin)
{
Biu thc
}
//Nu iu kin cn ng th cn thc hin biu thc nu sai th thot//.
While(1) {}; //To vng lp mi mi, rt hay ng trong lp trnh vi x l
chng trnh chnh s c vit trong du ngoc//.
Vng lp do-while.
Dng thc:
do
{ Biu thc}
while (iu kin);
//Thc hin biu thc sau kim tra nu iu kin cn ng th cn thc hin biu
thc nu sai th thot//.
V d:
do
{
x++; //S dng vit cu lnh//.
}
while(x>10)
Vng lp for.
Dng thc:
for (ga tr u; ga tr cui; ga tr tng/gim) { biu thc;}
V d:
for ( n=0; n=100 ; n++)
{
Cu lnh;
}
//Mi ln thc hin xong lnh th n++ tng n 100 th thi//.
break;
.
.
.
default:
Biu thc n
}
70
#include <mega32.h>
#include <delay.h>
// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions
#include <alcd.h>
// Declare your global variables here
void lcd_putnum(unsigned char so,unsigned char x,unsigned char y)
{
unsigned char a,b,c;
a=so/100; // lay fan tram
b=(so-100*a)/10; // lay fan chuc
c=(so-100*a-10*b); // lay hang don vi
lcd_gotoxy(x,y); // ve vi tri x,y
lcd_putchar(a+48); // day ra hang tram, ma ascii
lcd_putchar(b+48); // day ra hang chuc, ma ascii
lcd_putchar(c+48); // day ra hang don vi, ma ascii
}
void dc_speed_nguoc(unsigned char n)
{
lcd_putnum(n,4,1);
OCR1AL=n;
OCR1BL=0;
}
void dc_speed_thuan(unsigned char n)
{
lcd_putnum(n,4,1);
OCR1AL=0;
OCR1BL=n;
}
void dc_speed_dung()
{
lcd_putnum(0,4,1);
OCR1AL=0;
OCR1BL=0;
}
void main(void)
{ PORTA=0x0
0;
DDRA=0x00;
PORTB=0xFF;
DDRB=0x00;
PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0x00;
PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0xFF;
TCCR0=0x00;
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x00;
TCCR1A=0xF2;
TCCR1B=0x02;
TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;
ASSR=0x00;
TCCR2=0x00;
TCNT2=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;
MCUCR=0x00;
MCUCSR=0x00;
TIMSK=0x00;
UCSRB=0x00;
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;
ADCSRA=0x00;
SPCR=0x00;
TWCR=0x00;
lcd_init(16);
while (1)
{ if(PINB.0==
0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay nguoc
PWM= ,n=-1440");
dc_speed_nguoc(255);
//delay_ms(1000);
//lcd_clear();
}
if(PINB.1==0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay thuan
dc_speed_thuan(255);
//delay_ms(1000);
//lcd_clear();
}
if(PINB.2==0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay nguoc max PWM= ,n=-1440");
dc_speed_nguoc(250);
delay_ms(1000);
lcd_clear();
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay nguoc cham PWM= ,n=-1020");
dc_speed_nguoc(180);
delay_ms(1000);
lcd_clear();
if(PINB.4==1)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Dung
PWM= ,n=0");
dc_speed_dung();
}
}
}
if(PINB.3==0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay thuan cham PWM= ,n=1020");
dc_speed_thuan(180);
delay_ms(1000);
lcd_clear();
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Quay thuan max PWM= ,n=1440");
dc_speed_thuan(250);
delay_ms(1000);
lcd_clear();
if(PINB.4==1)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Dung
PWM= ,n=0");
dc_speed_dung();
}
}
}
if(PINB.4==0)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Dung
PWM= ,n=0");
dc_speed_dung();
}
}
}
3.3. M phng trn phn mm Proteus
thc hin qu trnh m phng cn thc hin cc bc sau:
- Thit k mch nguyn l iu khin ng c in mt chiu trn phn mm Proteus.
80
ng c ng c in mt chiu
in mt chiu.
KT LUN.
Vi mi sinh vin kha lun tt nghip l mt yu cu khng th thiu khi sp
ra trng, l s tng hp tt c nhng kin thc tch ly c trong sut qu
trnh hc tp ti nh trng. Cng ging nh cc bn trong lp 01dhlt in - in t
thi gian em hc tp ti nh trng cng n thi k hon thnh. V lm c
iu bn thn em v cc bn trong lp s phi p ng c yu cu ra ca nh
trng l lm kha lun tt nghip.
Sau hn mt thng tch cc tm hiu v lm kha lun tt nghip ca bn thn
v c bit l di s hng dn ch bo tn tnh ca thy Nguyn Vn Trung, l
ngi trc tip hng dn v gip em trong qu trnh lm kha lun cng cc
thy c gio trong khoa in, ton th cc bn sinh vin trong lp tn tnh ch bo,
to iu kin v thi gian gip em trong thi gian thc hin lm kha lun. V
trong khong thi gian vi trnh c hn em cha th p ng c mt bi kha
lun nh mong mun, nhng v c bn th em cng lm c nhng yu cu ni
dung c bn ti t ra nh:
-
-www.atmel.com/images/doc2486.pdf
-http://www.datasheetcatalog.com
MC LC
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t............................................................ 46
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t..................................... 46
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t.................................................. 46
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t........................................................... 47
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc................................................ 47
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t................................................ 47
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t........................................................................ 48
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m................................................................................. 48
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t.................................................................................. 48
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm......................................................................... 48
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack............................................................................... 49
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm........................................................... 49
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm........................................................................ 49
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v..................................................................................... 51
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin.................................................................... 52
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin.................................................................................. 52
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32.................................................................................. 53
..................................................................................................................................... 53
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2........................................................................................... 53
..................................................................................................................................... 54
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu.............................................................................. 54
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin............................................................................... 54
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l.............................................................................................. 68
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin............................................................................................. 68
.................................................................................................................................. 68
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin........................................................... 82
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46...................................................... 95
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46................................. 95
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46............................................ 95
DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t................................... 46
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t.............46
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t.........................46
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t................................. 47
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc......................47
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t......................47
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t............................................... 48
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m........................................................ 48
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t......................................................... 48
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm................................................48
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack...................................................... 49
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm..................................49
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm.............................................. 49
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v........................................................... 51
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin........................................... 52
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin......................................................... 52
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32.......................................................... 53
...............................................................................................................
...................... 53
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2................................................................... 53
...............................................................................................................
...................... 54
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu..................................................... 54
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin...................................................... 54
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l................................................................................. 68
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin................................................................................ 68
............................................................................................................
...................... 68
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin..................................82
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46............................. 89
95
96
53 89
96.........................................................................................................
............. 91
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 96................................................... 91
54 89
96.........................................................................................................
............. 91
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 96.....................................91
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 96...................................... 91
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 96................................................................. 91
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 96.............................................................. 91
68 89
96..........................................................................................................
......... 91
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 96.................91
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 97........................91
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 97. . .91
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 97..............91
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 97......................91
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 97...........91
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 97...........91
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 97..................................... 91
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 97............................................. 91
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 97...............................................91
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 97.................................... 91
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 97........................................... 91
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 97......................91
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 97...................................91
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 97................................................ 91
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 97................................91
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 97.............................................. 92
101
...............................................................................................................
...................... 54
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu..................................................... 54
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin...................................................... 54
68..........................................................................................................
................... 89
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82..........................89
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 95.......................89
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 95. .89
110
54 90
99.........................................................................................................
............. 93
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 90 99................................... 93
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 90 99..................................... 93
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 90 99................................................................. 93
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 90 99.............................................................. 93
68 90
99..........................................................................................................
......... 93
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 90 99................93
111
53 89 96
91.........................................................................................................
........ 98
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 89 96 91.............................................98
54 89 96
91.........................................................................................................
........ 98
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 89 96 91.............................. 98
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 89 96 91................................ 98
3.1. Thit k mch nguyn l. 68 89 96 91............................................................ 98
3.1.1. Thit k mch iu khin. 68 89 96 91......................................................... 98
68 89 96
91..........................................................................................................
.... 98
Hnh 3.14. Np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. 82 89 96 91............98
Hnh 2.6. Hp thoi la chn th mc ci t. 46 97 91...................98
Hnh 2.7. Hp thoi la cc c trng ca qu trnh ci t 46 97 91
........................................................................................................... 98
Hnh 2.8. Hp thoi gii thiu th mc c ci t. 46 97 91.........98
Hnh 2.9. Hp thoi th hin trng thi ci t. 47 97 91.................98
Hnh 2.10. Hp thoi th hin ci t Wizard kt thc. 47 97 91......98
Hnh 2.11. Hp thoi th hin vic qun l m ci t. 47 97 91......98
Hnh 2.12. Hp thoi chn m ci t 48 97 91................................ 98
Hnh 2.13. Hp thoi ci t m 48 97 91........................................ 98
Hnh 2.14. Th mc va ci t 48 97 91..........................................98
Hnh 2.15. Hp thoi crack sn phm. 48 97 91............................... 98
Hnh 2.16. La chn file crack. 49 97 91...................................... 98
Hnh 2.17. Giao din khi khi ng phn mm. 49 97 91.................98
Hnh 2.18. Menu chnh ca phn mm. 49 97 91..............................98
Hnh 2.19. Khung nhn bn v. 51 97 91........................................... 98
Hnh 2.20. Cch ly linh kin t th vin. 52 97 91...........................98
Hnh 2.21. Ca s cc linh kin. 52 97 92........................................ 98
Hnh 2.22. Tm chp ATMega32. 53 97 92.......................................... 98
53 97
92.........................................................................................................
............. 98
Hnh 2.23. Tm LCD 16x2. 53 97 92................................................... 98
54 97
92.........................................................................................................
............. 98
Hnh 2.24. Tm ng c mt chiu. 54 97 92.....................................98
Hnh 2.25. Cch ni cc linh kin. 54 97 92...................................... 98
12
1