‘Mech 204 Thermodynamics Spring 2013 HW9 1. Problem 9.35 in the book) The compression ratio of an air-standard Otto eyele is 9.5. Prior to the isentropic compression process. the air is 100 kPa. 35°C. and 600 em* ‘The temperature at the end of the isentropic expansion process is 800 K. Using the specific heat values at room temperature, determine a. The highest temperature and pressure in the cycle; b. The amount of heat transferred. in kT ©. The thermal efficiency: 4, The mean effective pressure (MEP). 9-35 An ideal On evele with ar asthe working id has a comptession ratio of 9.5. The highest pressure and temperature ‘nthe eycle, the amount of heat transferred, the thermal efficiency. and the mean effective pressure ae to be determined. _Assumprions The ai-standard assumptions axe applicable. 2 Kinetic and potential neray changes are neehible 3 Aix is ‘am ideal gas with constant specific heat Properties The properties of ai at room temperanrea¢6 ¢, = 1.005 KUkaK, K=14 (Table A2), “Analysis (a) Process 1-2: entropic compression. TS elke K, R= 0.287 kikeK, and ae = (308 K)9 5)" =7579K 1319% 63|22* roo) a23:81% 1969 K, 579. ® (ooureloott6m!) 6 rss.10-te 387 Kaan” ea KJ308 K) us Uy ‘me, (Ts ~T3)= (6.78810 ke)0.718 keke- K\1969 ~757.9)K = 0.890 kd (© Process 4-1: v= constant het ejection -(6.78810~kg 0.718 kFkg-K \800-308)K = 0.240 ko Waa =O ~ Que = 0590 -0.240=0 350 KF Qooe = meg ~ 4) = meg (Ty —T Fano _ 03504 a= @ 035053 [0.0006 =" jt-19.5)2. (Problem 9.149 im the book) An Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 7 begins its operation at 90 kPa and 15°C. The maximum cycle temperature is 100°C. Utilizing the air-standard assumptions, determine the thermal efficiency using a, Constant specific heats at room temperature b. Variable specific heats 9-149 An Ono cycle with compression ato of Tis considered The thermal efficiency isto be determined using constant ‘nd variable specific heats Assumptions 1 The sic-standar assumptions ae aplicable. 2 Kinetic and potential energy chanzes are negligible Properties The properties of scat oom tempecatre axe R= 0287 KPa ke K. cp = LOS KIRK. c, =O.718 kkk, ‘sad = 14 Cable A23), Analysis (a) Consaot specific heats: (b) Variable specific heats: (using air properties from Table A-17) Process 1.2: isentropic compression. Process 2-3: v= constant heat addition. 1; =998 SLieikg =1273K—> 32 > uy = 475.541 Process 41: v= constaat heat rejection. 1g my =475.54—205 48 =270 06 BIIke oe Mont 1 270.06KUIKE _ 9 so9g 51.0% a) 35089Kirkg Ne 3. (Problem 9.52 in the book) An ideal Diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and ‘uses air as the working fluid, The state of air at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 20°C. If the maximum temperature in the eyele is not to exeeed 2200 K, determine a. The thermal efficiency b, The mean effective pressure Assume constant specific heats for air at room temperature. (Answers: (a) 63.5% (b) 933 kPa)9-52 Am ideal diesel ensine with ar asthe working fuid has a compression ratio of 20. The thermal efficiency and the ‘mean effective pressure are fo be determined. Assumptions 1 The at-sandard assumptions are applicable. ? Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. 3 Ai is ‘an ideal cas with constant specific heats. Properties The properties of ai at room temperature are 6 = 1O0DIIkeK, ¢, = 0718 Ke, R= 0.287 KUkeK, and Ha 14 Cable A2), Analysis (0) Process 1-2: isentropic compression. (4) = (23 Ko) <9711K Process 2-3: P = constant heat addition 235 kIke TIS kitkg. KY920 6~293)K = 450.6 Ke ia ong =1235- 450.6 = 784.4 EI Meee _ 7844 Qa WSS klke BT, (0287 E o BT, _(0287iPa 293K) 95KPa 635% 1s 885 me. 784.4 eieg (1 933 KPa “ney Hr) Passa 'ght-100) 4. (Problem 9.60 in the book) A six-cylinder, four-stroke, 3.2-L compression ignition engine operates on the ideal Diesel cycle with a compression ratio of 19, The air is at 95 kPa and 67°C at the beginning of the compression process and the engine speed is 1750 rpm, The engine uses light Diesel fuel with a heating value of 42,500 ky’ke, an air-fuel ratio of 28, and a combustion efficiency of 98%. Using constant specific heats at $50 K, determine a. The maximum temperature in the cycle and the cut-off ratio b, The net work output per cycle and the thermal efficiency ‘The mean effective pressure (MEP) d. The net power output, and e. The specific fuel consumption, in g/kWh, defined as the ratio of the mass of the fel consumed to the net work output produced. (Answers: (a) 2244 K. 2.36, (b) 2.71 kI. 37.4%, (¢) 847 kPa, (d) 39.5 kW. (@) 151 2kWh)9-60 A six-cylinder compression janition engine operates on the ideal Diesel cycle. The main tesaperarre inthe cycle ‘the cutoff ratio, the net wark output per cycle, the thermal efficiency. the meen effechive pressure, the act power cup and the specific fuel consumption ae tobe determined, Assumprions 1 The sir-stndoed assumptions are applicable. 2 Kinetic and potential eneray chanzes are noaligible. 3 Airis ‘an ideal pos with constant specific heats, 1349 Properties The propeties of air at 850 K are cy = LIIOKTIEEK. c, 287 kikeK, and (Table A.26) Analysis () Process 1-2: Isentropic compression 823 bike KR ‘The clearance volume and the total volume of the engine ot the Deginning of compression process (state 1) are ¥, +0.0045 (95 P30 003378 m*) aa tke -K]340 K) “The mass of fuel burned during one cycle is (0.003288k=) ~m, 2g = OEE) sy mp y my 003288 ke mommy =0.0001134kg Process 2-3: constant pressure heat addition Qu, = mp ase = (0.0001 134 kg 42,500 I kg 98) = 4.72310 ®ons ‘The net work output andthe thermal efficiency are 73-2013-2.710ks 05737 =87.4% Paco 270K =H, ~ (0.003378 -0.0001778)m" (6) The power for engine speedo 1750 mis re Crews) [Note share ar to evita in oe ele fonrsoke cain (©) Finally, the specific fuel consumption 1s 2 sate ne W270 | tke Towsieyeey 608