Professional Documents
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REN21 - Renewables 2015 Global Status Report
REN21 - Renewables 2015 Global Status Report
KEY FINDINGS
2015
REN21
publications:
www.ren21.net/map
First GSR
published
2004
REN21
events:
Regional Reports
renewables
2004, Bonn
2005
BIREC,
Beijing
International
Renewable Energy
Conference
2006
2007
2008
WIREC,
Washington
International
Renewable Energy
Conference
REN21
Renewables Academy
Chinese
Renewable Energy
Status Report
Indian
Renewable Energy
Status Report
2009
2010
DIREC,
Delhi
International
Renewable Energy
Conference
REN21 facilitates the collection of comprehensive and timely information on renewable energy. This information reflects diverse
viewpoints from both private and public sector actors, serving to dispel myths about renewable energy and to catalyse policy change.
It does this through six product lines.
Renewables Academy
Regional Reports
2011
2012
MENA
Renewable Energy
Status Report
ECOWAS
Renewable Energy
and Energy Efficiency
Status Report
EAC Renewable
Energy and Energy
Efficiency Status
Report
2013
2014
2015
2016
ADIREC,
Abu Dhabi
International
Renewable Energy
Conference
First REN21
Renewables
Academy,
Bonn
SAIREC,
South Africa
International
Renewable Energy
Conference
Second REN21
Renewables
Academy
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
NGOS
Bindu Lohani
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Todd Foley
American Council on Renewable Energy
(ACORE)
Piotr Tulej
European Commission (EC)
Irene Giner-Reichl
Global Forum on Sustainable Energy
(GFSE)
Li Junfeng
Chinese Renewable Energy Industries
Association (CREIA)
Kane Thornton
Clean Energy Council (CEC)
Rainer Hinrichs-Rahlwes
European Renewable Energies Federation
(EREF)
Steve Sawyer
Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC)
Robert K. Dixon
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
Paolo Frankl
International Energy Agency (IEA)
Adnan Z. Amin
International Renewable Energy Agency
(IRENA)
Marcel Alers
United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP)
Marietta Sander
International Geothermal Association (IGA)
Mark Radka
United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP)
Richard Taylor
International Hydropower Association
(IHA)
Pradeep Monga
United Nations Industrial Development
Organisation (UNIDO)
Heinz Kopetz
World Bioenergy Association (WBA)
Stefan Gsnger
World Wind Energy Association (WWEA)
Sven Teske
Greenpeace International
Emani Kumar
ICLEI Local Governments for
Sustainability, South Asia
Tetsunari Iida
Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies
(ISEP)
Tomas Kaberger
Japan Renewable Energy Foundation
(JREF)
Ibrahim Togola
Mali Folkecenter / Citizens United for
Renewable Energy and Sustainability
(CURES)
Harry Lehmann
World Council for Renewable Energy
(WCRE)
Athena Ronquillo Ballesteros
World Resources Institute (WRI)
Rafael Senga
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
MEMBERS AT LARGE
NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
Michael Eckhart
Citigroup, Inc.
Mohamed El-Ashry
United Nations Foundation
Nebojsa Nakicenovic
International Institute for Applied Systems
Analysis (IIASA)
David Hales
Second Nature
Kirsty Hamilton
Chatham House
Tarun Kapoor
India
Kevin Nassiep
South African National Energy
Development Institute (SANEDI)
Peter Rae
REN Alliance
ivind Johansen
Norway
Rajendra Pachauri
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Arthouros Zervos
National Technical University of Athens
(NTUA)
Lorena Prado
Spain
Paul Mubiru
Uganda
Thani Ahmed Al Zeyoudi
United Arab Emirates
David Renn
International Solar Energy Society (ISES)
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
Christine Lins
REN21
Nick Clements
United Kingdom
First released in 2005, the annual Renewables Global Status Report provides a comprehensive and timely
overview of renewable energy markets, industries,investments, and policy developments worldwide. It enables
policymakers, industry, investors, and civil society to make informed decisions.
The report covers recent developments, current status, and key trends on all renewable technologies and end-use
sectors. By design, it does not provide analysis or forecast. The Renewables Global Status Report relies on up-to-date
renewable energy data, provided by an international network of more than 500 contributors, researchers, and authors.
4
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
GLOBAL OVERVIEW
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
2013
2014
billion USD
45
232
270
GW
85
560
657
GW
800
1,578
1,712
GW
715
1,018
1,055
Bio-power capacity
GW
<36
88
93
Bio-power generation
TWh
227
396
433
GW
8.9
12.1
12.8
GW
2.6
138
177
GW
0.4
3.4
4.4
GW
48
319
370
GWth
86
373
406
billion litres
28.5
87.8
94
billion litres
2.4
26.3
29.7
48
144
164
States/provinces/countries with
feed-in policies
34
106
108
States/provinces/countries with
RPS/quota policies
11
99
98
Countries with
tendering/ public competitive bidding 5
n/a
55
60
n/a
19
21
States/provinces/countries with
biofuels mandates 6
10
63
64
INVESTMENT
New investment (annual)
in renewable power and fuels2
POWER
HEAT
Solar hot water capacity (total)4
TRANSPORT
Capacity data are as of the beginning of 2004; other data, such as investment and biofuels production, cover the full year. Numbers are estimates, based on best
available information.
Investment data are from Bloomberg New Energy Finance and include all biomass, geothermal, and wind generation projects of more than 1 MW; all hydro
projects of between 1 and 50 MW; all solar power projects, with those less than 1 MW estimated separately and referred to as small-scale projects or small
distributed capacity; all ocean energy projects; and all biofuel projects with an annual production capacity of 1 million litres or more.
The GSR 2014 reported a global total of 1,000 GW of hydropower capacity at the end of 2013; this figure has been revised upwards. Hydropower data do not
include pumped storage capacity.
Solar hot water capacity data include water collectors only. The number for 2014 is a preliminary estimate.
Data for tendering/public competitive bidding reflect the number of countries that had held tenders at any time up to the year in question, but not necessarily
during that year.
Biofuel policies include policies listed both under the biofuels obligation/mandate column in Table 3 (Renewable Energy Support Policies) and in
Reference Table R18 (National and State/Provincial Biofuel Blend Mandates).
Note: All values are rounded to whole numbers except for numbers <15, and biofuels, which are rounded to one decimal point. Policy data for 2014 include all
countries identified as of early 2015.
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
POLICIES
China
United States
Japan
United Kingdom
Germany
Burundi
Kenya
Honduras
Jordan
Uruguay
Kenya
Turkey
Indonesia
Philippines
Italy
Hydropower capacity
China
Brazil
Canada
Turkey
India
Solar PV capacity
China
Japan
United States
United Kingdom
Germany
CSP capacity
United States
India
China
Germany
United States
Brazil
India
China
Turkey
Brazil
India
Germany
Biodiesel production
United States
Brazil
Germany
Indonesia
Argentina
United States
Brazil
China
Canada
Thailand
China
United States
Brazil
Germany
Canada
China
United States
Germany
Spain / Italy
Japan / India
Denmark
Germany
Sweden
Spain
Portugal
United States
Germany
China
Brazil
Japan
United States
Philippines
Indonesia
Mexico
New Zealand
Hydropower capacity
China
Brazil
United States
Canada
Russia
China
Brazil
Canada
United States
Russia
Algeria
POWER
Biopower generation
4
Hydropower generation
Spain
United States
India
United Arab
Emirates
Solar PV capacity
Germany
China
Japan
Italy
United States
Germany
Italy
Belgium
Greece
Czech Republic
China
United States
Germany
Spain
India
Denmark
Sweden
Germany
Spain
Ireland
China
United States
Germany
Turkey
Brazil
Cyprus
Austria
Israel
Barbados
Greece
China
Turkey
Japan
Iceland
India
Iceland
New Zealand
Hungary
Turkey
Japan
HEAT
Solar water collector capacity2
Countries considered include only those covered by Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF); GDP (at purchasers' prices) and population data for 2013 and all from World
Bank. BNEF data include the following: all biomass, geothermal, and wind generation projects of more than 1 MW; all hydropower projects of between 1 and 50 MW; all solar
power projects, with those less than 1 MW estimated separately and referred to as small-scale projects or small distributed capacity; all ocean energy projects; and all biofuel
projects with an annual production capacity of 1 million litres or more.
2
Solar water collector (heating) rankings are for 2013 and are based on capacity of water (glazed and unglazed) collectors only; including air collectors would affect the order
of capacity added, placing the United States slightly ahead of Germany rather than in sixth place, and would not affect the order of top countries for total capacity or per
capita.
3
Per capita renewable power capacity ranking considers only those countries that place among the top 20 worldwide for total installed renewable power capacity, not
including hydropower. Several other countries, including Austria, Finland, Ireland, and New Zealand, also have high per capita levels of non-hydro renewable power capacity,
with Iceland likely the leader among all countries.
4
Country rankings for hydropower capacity and generation differ because some countries rely on hydropower for baseload supply whereas others use it more to follow the
electric load and to match peaks in demand.
5
Not including heat pumps.
Note: Most rankings are based on absolute amounts of investment, power generation capacity or output, or biofuels production; if done on a per capita, national GDP, or other
basis, the rankings would be quite different for many categories (as seen with per capita rankings for renewable power, solar PV, wind, and solar water collector capacity).
1
10
INVESTMENT FLOWS
GLOBAL INVESTMENT UP IN ALL REGIONS
Global new investment in renewable power and fuels (not
including hydropower >50 MW) was up 17% over 2013, to
USD 270.2 billion. Including the unreported investments in
hydropower projects larger than 50 MW, total new investment
in renewable power and fuels reached at least USD 301 billion.
Renewables outpaced fossil fuels for the fifth year running in
terms of net investment in power capacity additions.
This first increase in three years was due in part to a boom in
solar power installations in China and Japan, as well as to record
investments in offshore wind projects in Europe. All regions of
the world experienced an increase relative to 2013. Investment
in developing countries was up 36% from the previous year to
USD 131.3 billion. Developing country investment came the
closest ever to surpassing the investment total for developed
economies, which reached USD 138.9 billion in 2014, up only
3% from 2013.
The most significant dollar increase occurred in China,
which accounted for almost two-thirds of developing country
investment in renewable power and fuels. The Netherlands and
Brazil saw the largest percentage increases. Other top countries
included the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and
Germany. Investment continued to spread to new markets
throughout 2014, with Chile, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, South
Africa, and Turkey each investing more than USD 1 billion in
renewable energy.
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
11
ENERGY EFFICIENCY:
RENEWABLE ENERGYS TWIN PILLAR
12
Leading
the Reporting
on Renewables:
Ten years of
counting
10
YEARS
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
landscape.
13
POLICY MAPS
Countries with Renewable Energy Policies and Targets, Early 2015
Countries are
considered to
have policies
when at least
one national
or state /
provinciallevel policy
is in place.
164
COUNTRIES
HAD DEFINED
RENEWABLE
ENERGY TARGETS
BY EARLY 2015
14
POLICY TRENDS
Number
of countries
Number
Countries
with Renewable
Energy
Policies,
byEarly-2015
Type, 2011Early 2015
Figure 30.ofNumber
of Renwable
Energy Policies,
by Type,
2011
80
Number of countries
70
80
Power Policies
FIT
Power Policies
Tendering
FIT
Net metering
60
70
50
60
40
50
Tendering
Heating and
Cooling Policies
Net
Heatmetering
obligation/
mandate
Heating and
Cooling Policies
Transport
Policies
Heat obligation/
mandateobligation/
Biofuels
mandate
Transport
Policies
Biofuels obligation/
mandate
30
40
20
30
10
20
0
10
0
2011
2012
2013
Early 2015
2011
2012
2013
Early 2015
Figure 34.ofNumber
of Countries
with EnergyEnergy
Transport
Number
Countries
with Renewable
Policies, by Type,
2011 2011Early
Early-2015 2015
Transport Obligations,
by Type,
Countries are
considered to
have policies
when at least
one national or
state/provinciallevel policy
is in place.
Number of countries
70
Number of countries
25
60
50
20
40
15
30
10
20
5
i - Italy's
advanced
biofuel blend
mandate
is included
in "Other
transport
mandates".
10
2011
2012
Solar Obligation
2013
Early 2015
2011
2012
2013
Technology-Neutral Obligation
Early 2015 i
Uppermiddle
income
Lowermiddle
income
80
Low
income
82%
80%
High
Figure 31. Share of Countries with Renewable
Policies by IncomeUpperGroup, 2004EarlyLow
20
income
middle
income
in %
UpperLower80 High
Figure 31. Share of Countries with Renewable
Policies by Incomemiddle
Group, 2004Earlymiddle
2015
income
income
income
in %
67%
70
80 High
70 Upper-
Lower-
income
income
Low
income
62%
Figure 31. Share of Countries with Renewableincome
Policies by Incomemiddle
Group, 2004Early middle
2015
60
in %
50
in %
40
30
20
10
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
80 High
income
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
2008
30
2009
2010
20
20
10
10
70
60
2011
Uppermiddle
income
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
2012
2013
Lowermiddle
income
0
Early 2015
2004
Low
income
82%
80%
2006
2007
67%
62%
2008
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
High
income
mid
inc
Lo
in
2009
2011
15
2004
2005
2013
Early
MAINSTREAMING RENEWABLES:
KEY FINDINGS FOR POLICYMAKERS
Government
support
policies
and
increased
costcompetitiveness, particularly for electricity generated from
wind and solar photovoltaics (PV), have driven recent renewable
energy development, resulting in changing market conditions
for deployment. Future policies need to respond to emerging
opportunities and challenges by addressing new developments,
including: the spread of renewable energy deployment to new
countries, particularly in the developing world; the need to improve
existing energy infrastructure and markets in order to integrate
high shares of renewable power; and the increasing electrification
of non-power sectors (i.e., heating, cooling, and transport).
As the Renewables Global Status Report documents, renewables
play an increasingly central role in the provision of energy services
to people globally. The challenge now is to develop the necessary
policy frameworks to drive the renewable energy transition to
achieve sustainable and universal energy access for all.
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
17
78.3%
Biomass/
geothermal/
solar heat
Modern renewables
10.1%
Hydropower
3.9%
4.1%
All renewables
19.1%
1.3% 0.8%
Traditional biomass
9%
Wind/solar/ Biofuels
biomass/
geothermal
power
2.6%
Nuclear power
Estimated
Renewable
Energy
Global
Electricity
Production,
Figure
3. Estimated
Renewable
Energy Share
Share ofof
Global
Electricity
Production,
End2014End-2014
Fossil fuels and nuclear
77.2%
Hydropower
16.6%
Renewable
electricity
22.8%
Wind
3.1%
Bio-power
1.8%
Solar PV
0.9%
Geothermal,
CSP, and
ocean
0.4%
Based on renewable
generating capacity
in operation at
year-end 2014.
Renewable Power
Capacities* in World,
EU-28, BRICS, and
Top Seven Countries,
2014
Gigawatts
700
657
Gigawatts
150
600
153
Geothermal power
Bio-power
Solar PV
125
500
Wind power
105
100
400
86
300
75
255
206
200
32
31
31
Italy
Spain
Japan
India
0
World
Total
*not including hydropower
18
32
25
100
50
EU-28
BRICS
China
United
States
Germany
BIOMASS ENERGY
Figure 8. in
Shares
of Biomass
Sources
in GlobalGeneration,
Heat and Electricity
Shares of Biomass Sources
Global
Heat and
Electricity
2014 Generation, 2014
Biomass Sources in Heat Generation
Solid biomass
Solid biomass
80%
75%
MSW
15%
Biogas
Biogas
MSW
17%
4%
7%
Biofuels
Biofuels
1%
1%
Solid biomass shares include both traditional and modern bioenergy from fuelwood, bagasse, black liquor, animal waste, and others.
Billion Litres
120
100
Ethanol
Heat Production
Electricity Production
80
Solid biomass
80%
Solid biomass
75%
60
40
20
0
2004
15%
2005
2006
Biogas
Biogas
4%
2007
MSW
17%
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
7%
2013
2014
Biofuels
Biofuels
1%
Wood Pellet
Global Production,
by Country or Region,
20042014
World Total
Million Tonnes
1%
25
Rest of World
Rest of Asia
20
China
Russia
United States, Canada, and Mexico
European Union (EU-28)
15
10
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
MSW
19
GEOTHERMAL POWER
Figure ??. Geothermal
Power
Capacity
Additions,Share
Share by
of Additions
Country, 2014
Geothermal
Power Global
Capacity
Additions,
Country, by
2014
Turkey
Kenya
17%
56%
Indonesia
10%
Philippines
8%
Italy 6%
Germany
Japan
United States
3%
0.5%
0.5%
Other countries
GLOBAL OUTPUT
POWER
74 TWh
73 TWh
THERMAL
Geothermal
CapacityPower
and Capacity
Additions,
10 Countries
and Rest
World,
2014
FigurePower
13. Geothermal
and Top
Additions,
Top 10 Countries
and of
Rest
of World,
2014
Megawatts
4,000
3,500
+ 3.5
Added in 2014
2013 total
3,000
2,500
+ 49
2,000
+ 62
1,500
+0
1,000
+0
+ 40
+0
+ 358
500
+ 18
+ 3.5
+ 107
0
United
States
20
New
Zealand
Italy
Iceland
Kenya
Japan
Turkey
Rest of
World
HYDROPOWER
Hydropower Global Capacity,
Shares of Top Six Countries and Rest of World, 2014
Figure 14. Hydropower Global Capacity, Shares of Top Six Countries, 2014
Brazil
China
8.5%
27%
United States
7.5%
Canada
7.3%
Russia
4.5%
Rest of World
41%
India
4.3%
1,055 GW
Hydropower Capacity and Additions, Top Six Countries for Capacity Added, 2014
Figure ??. Hydropower Capacity and Additions, Top Six Countries for Capacity Added, 2014
Gigawatts
+ 22
Added in 2014
2013 total
Gigawatts
250
100
+ 3.3
200
80
150
60
+ 1.7
+ 1.2
100
+ 1.1
40
+ 1.4
50
20
0
China
Brazil
Canada
Turkey
India
Russia
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
300
21
SOLAR PV
SolarFigure
PV Global
Capacity,
??. Solar
PV Total 20042014
Global Capacity, 20042014
Gigawatts
World Total
200
177 Gigawatts
150
138
100
100
70
50
40
3.7
5.1
2004
2005
2006
2007
23
16
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
40
GW
added in 2014
+ 1.9
Added in 2014
30
+ 10.6
2013 total
+ 9.7
+ 0.4
20
+ 6.2
10
+ 0.9
+ 2.4
+ 0.9
+ 0.7
0
Germany
22
China
Japan
Italy
United
States
France
2014
Spain
United
Kingdom
Australia
India
World Total
4.4 Gigawatts
4
Rest of World
Spain
United States
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Figure 19. Solar Water Heating Collectors Global Capacity, Shares of Top 10 Countries, 2013
China
70%
United States
Germany
Turkey
Brazil
Australia
India
Austria
Greece
Japan
Next 9 countries
18%
Rest of World
12%
4.5%
3.3%
2.9%
1.8%
1.5%
1.2%
1.0%
0.8%
0.8%
406 Gigawatts-thermal
Data are for solar
water collectors only
(not including air
collectors).
Glazed collectors
Unglazed collectors
300
200
100
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
World Total
Gigawatts-thermal
23
WIND POWER
Figure 22. Wind Power Total World Capacity, 20042014
World Total
370 Gigawatts
400
350
319
283
300
238
250
159
150
121
100
50
48
59
2004
2005
94
74
Wind
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
20%
of electricity in
Denmark,
Nicaragua,
Portugal, and Spain
Gigawatts
120
+ 23.2
Additions
are net of
repowering.
Added in 2014
100
2013 total
80
+ 4.9
60
+ 5.3
40
+ 2.3
20
+ 1.7
Siemens
(Germany)
9.5%
China
United
States
Germany
Spain
India
United
Kingdom
Goldwind (China)
9.0%
GE Wind (USA)
8.7%
31.7%
Enercon (Germany)
7.3%
Next 5
manufacturers
Gamesa (Spain)
4.5%
Mingyang (China)
3.9%
Envision (China)
3.7%
24
+ 1.9
+ 1.0
+ 0.1
Canada
France
Italy
+ 2.5
Market
Shares
of Top
1010Wind
Manufacturers,
2014
Figure
24. Market
Shares
of Top
Wind Turbine
Turbine Manufacturers,
2014
Others
in 2014
11.6%
2014
Figure 23. Wind Power Capacity and Additions, Top 10 Countries, 2014
Vestas
(Denmark)
51
ADDED
GW
198
200
Brazil
85%
Sub-Saharan Africa
55%
With access
85%
Sub-Saharan Africa
55%
South Asia
Others
South Asia
Others
34%
Without
access
34%
12%
12%
Rural
87%
Rural
87%
15%
Without
access
Urban 13%
15%
Urban 13%
With Access
58%
South
Asia
East
Asia
Asia
Asia
38%
South
With Access
58%
38%
Without
Access
Sub-Saharan
Africa
42%
Without
26%
Sub-Saharan
42%
26%
Access
Africa
21%
East
21%
Others
Rural
16%
83%
Others
Rural
16%
83%
Urban 17%
Urban 17%
1,095,000,000
PEOPLE
HAVE NO ACCESS
TO ELECTRICITY
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
An estimated
25
INVESTMENT FLOWS
Figure 25. Global New Investment in Renewable Power and Fuels, Developed and Developing Countries, 20042014
Billion USD
300
billion USD
256
Developed Countries
178
89
108
113
66
2009
139
131
135
2012
2013
75
61
2008
20
2004
2005
29
36
46
53
45
83
73
50
121
112
149
162
154
150
97
182
100
232
237
Developing Countries
107
250
200
270
279
World Total
190
2006
2007
2010
2011
2014
FigureNew
24. Global
New Investment
in Renewable
Power
andby
Fuels,
by Region,
20042013
Global
Investment
in Renewable
Power and
Fuels,
Region,
20042014
United States
2005
2006
2007
2008
38.3
36.0
38.2
35.1
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Americas
5.8
5.8
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2012
2013
14.8
2011
12.2
5.0
2005
10.2
3.9
2004
9.2
3.3
Billion USD
1.7
2014
Brazil
2011
2012
2013
7.6
2010
3.9
2009
7.2
2008
10.1
2007
7.7
2014
Data source: UNEP FS / BNEF Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2014
26
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
7.4
2004
6.4
2014
12.7
2013
12.6
2012
7.4
2011
9.0
2010
4.3
2009
Billion USD
5.6
1.7
2008
20
6.3
2.3
2007
8.7
2.4
2006
10.4
1.1
2005
2.9
0.8
2004
4.2
0.6
20
India
Billion USD
4.9
5.2
2006
7.9
2005
12.1
2004
3.1
0.8
Billion USD
11.8
Brazil
20
3.1
20
12.2
2.7
2004
United States
11.6
5.4
20
24.3
29.1
40
35.1
50.0
Billion USD
33.0
60
2012
2013
2014
Figure ??. Global New Investement in Renewable Energy by Technology, Developed and Developing Countries, 2014
Global New Investment in Renewable Energy by Technology, Developed and Developing Countries, 2014
Billion USD
87.0
Solar Power
63.0
41.0
Wind
+ 25%
+ 11%
58.0
Biomass &
Waste-toEnergy
6.0
3.0
10%
Biofuels
3.0
2.0
8%
0.4
0.04
+ 23%
+ 110%
20
40
60
80
Europe
Europe
120
Billion USD
2009
89.6
81.2
2008
66.4
81.6
100
80
Data include
government and
corporate R&D
(excl. China
& India)
33.6
20
2004
India
2007
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2004
2005
83.3
2006
2007
2012
2013
49.1
62.6
2012
2009
2010
25.7
38.7
2011
39.5
2010
16.6
20
11.1
40
30.5
24.1
60
8.2
2009
Billion USD
3.0
2008
48.7
44.7
2007
19.3
13.7
10.0
2006
13.6
9.2
7.2
2005
12.5
40
2004
2006
62.8
80
Billion USD
20
2005
China
2014
23.6
40
Asia &
Oceania
2013
46.7
60
China
2008
2011
2014
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
Ocean
Energy
Developing Countries
57.5
0.3
2.0
57.3
Geothermal
Power
17%
Developed Countries
120.7
1.0
4.0
111.1
Small Hydro
< 50 MW
27
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Global Energy Intensity, 19902013
28
Energy Intensity in Transportation by Country and Region, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013
R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
Energy Intensity in Industry by Country and Region, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013
29
China
Brazil
United
States
India
Bangladesh
Japan
European Unionj
Germany
France
Rest of EU
52
53
238
26
30
42
49
14
17
33
54
13
24
115
56
26
82
THOUSAND JOBS
822
241
Biofuels
1,788
71
Biogas
381
209
Geothermala
154
Hydropower
(Small)c
209
126
Solar PV
2,495
1,641
Biomass a,b
845d
58
282g
35
85
35
12
9
2
12
125
22
CSP
152f
210
174h
75
Solar heating /
cooling
764
600
41e
Wind power
1,027
502
36
73
48
7,674i
3,390
934
724
437
218
Total
14
11
19
0.1
138
20
162
129
371k
176
653
Note: Figures provided in the table are the result of a comprehensive review of primary (national entities such as ministries, statistical agencies, etc.) and
secondary (regional and global studies) data sources and represent an ongoing effort to update and refine available knowledge. Totals may not add up due to
rounding.
a) Power and heat applications (including heat pumps in the case of the European Union). b) Traditional biomass is not included. c) Although 10 MW is often
used as a threshold, definitions are inconsistent across countries. d) About 304,400 jobs in sugarcane and 199,600 in ethanol processing in 2013; also
includes 200,000 indirect jobs in equipment manufacturing, and 141,200 jobs in biodiesel in 2014. e) Equipment manufacturing and installation jobs.
f) Biomass power direct jobs run only to 15,500. g) Includes 232,633 jobs for ethanol and 49,525 jobs for biodiesel in 2014. h) All solar technologies combined.
i) The total for World is calculated by adding the individual totals of the technologies, with 3,600 jobs in ocean energy and 8,300 jobs in publicly funded R&D
and administration in Germany. j) All EU data are from 2013 and the two major EU countries are represented individually. k) Includes 8,300 jobs in publicly
funded R&D and administration; not broken down by technology.
Bioenergy
(Biomass, Biofuels,
Biogas)
Geothermal
Hydropower
(Small-scale)i
Solar Energy
Wind Power
= 50,000 jobs
i - Employment information for large-scale hydropower not included.
i - Employment information for large-scale hydropower is incomplete and not included
30
World Total:
SECTION AUTHORS
Christine Lins (REN21 Secretariat)
Evan Musolino (Worldwatch Institute)
Ksenia Petrichenko
(Copenhagen Center on Energy
Efficiency, C2E2)
Wilson Rickerson
(Meister Consultants Group)
Janet L. Sawin (Sunna Research)
Kristin Seyboth
(KMS Research and Consulting)
Jonathan Skeen
Benjamin Sovacool
(Danish Center for Energy Technology)
Freyr Sverrisson (Sunna Research)
Laura E. Williamson
(REN21 Secretariat)
SPECIAL ADVISOR
Frank Wouters (Wouters Ltd.)
DISCLAIMER:
PHOTO CREDITS
Page 5
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R E N E WA B L E S 2 01 5 G L O B A L S TAT U S R E P O R T K E Y F I N D I N G S
REN21 releases issue papers and reports to emphasise the importance of renewable energy and to generate discussion on issues central
to the promotion of renewable energy. While REN21 papers and reports have benefitted from the considerations and input from the REN21
community, they do not necessarily represent a consensus among network participants on any given point. Although the information given in
this report is the best available to the authors at the time, REN21 and its participants cannot be held liable for its accuracy and correctness.
31
KEY FINDINGS
RENEWABLES 2015
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
2015
For further details and access to the full report
and references, visit www.ren21.net/gsr
REN21
c /o UNEP
15, Rue de Milan
F-75441 Paris CEDEX 09
France
www.ren21.net
ISBN 978-3-9815934-7-1
RENEWABLES 2015
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
KEY FINDINGS
2015