DESIGN AID J.

1-1
Areas of Reinforcing Bars

Total Areas of Bars (in.2)

Bar
Size

1
0.11
0.20
0.31
0.44
0.60
0.79
1.00
1.27
1.56

No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
No. 10
No. 11

2
0.22
0.40
0.62
0.88
1.20
1.58
2.00
2.54
3.12

3
0.33
0.60
0.93
1.32
1.80
2.37
3.00
3.81
4.68

4
0.44
0.80
1.24
1.76
2.40
3.16
4.00
5.08
6.24

Number of Bars
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.55 0.66 0.77 0.88 0.99 1.10
1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
1.55 1.86 2.17 2.48 2.79 3.10
2.20 2.64 3.08 3.52 3.96 4.40
3.00 3.60 4.20 4.80 5.40 6.00
3.95 4.74 5.53 6.32 7.11 7.90
5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
6.35 7.62 8.89 10.16 11.43 12.70
7.80 9.36 10.92 12.48 14.04 15.60

Areas of Bars per Foot Width of Slab (in.2/ft)

Bar
Size

Bar Spacing (in.)

6

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

No. 3

0.22

0.19

0.17

0.15

0.13

0.12

0.11

0.10

0.09

0.09

0.08

0.08

0.07

No. 4

0.40

0.34

0.30

0.27

0.24

0.22

0.20

0.18

0.17

0.16

0.15

0.14

0.13

No. 5

0.62

0.53

0.46

0.41

0.37

0.34

0.31

0.29

0.27

0.25

0.23

0.22

0.21

No. 6

0.88

0.75

0.66

0.59

0.53

0.48

0.44

0.41

0.38

0.35

0.33

0.31

0.29

No. 7

1.20

1.03

0.90

0.80

0.72

0.65

0.60

0.55

0.51

0.48

0.45

0.42

0.40

No. 8

1.58

1.35

1.18

1.05

0.95

0.86

0.79

0.73

0.68

0.63

0.59

0.56

0.53

No. 9

2.00

1.71

1.50

1.33

1.20

1.09

1.00

0.92

0.86

0.80

0.75

0.71

0.67

No. 10

2.54

2.18

1.91

1.69

1.52

1.39

1.27

1.17

1.09

1.02

0.95

0.90

0.85

No. 11

3.12

2.67

2.34

2.08

1.87

1.70

1.56

1.44

1.34

1.25

1.17

1.10

1.04

DESIGN AID J.1-2

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Uniformly distributed load wu (L/D d3)

Two or more spans
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Column
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wu" n




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Shear

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DESIGN AID J.1-4

Simplified Calculation of As Assuming Tension-Controlled Section and
Grade 60 Reinforcement

f c (psi)

As (in.2)

3,000

Mu
3.84d

4,000

Mu
4.00d

5,000

Mu
4.10d

M u is in ft-kips and d is in inches

In all cases, As =

Mu
can be used.
4d

Notes:
Mu
0.5 f y

d
f y 1
0.85 f ' c

As =

For all values of < 0.0125, the simplified As equation is slightly conservative.
It is recommended to avoid > 0.0125 when using the simplified As equation.

DESIGN AID J.1-51

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Assumptions:
x *UDGHUHLQIRUFHPHQW f y  SVL
x &OHDUFRYHUWRWKHWHQVLRQUHLQIRUFHPHQW cc  LQ
x &DOFXODWHGVWUHVV f s LQUHLQIRUFHPHQWFORVHVWWRWKHWHQVLRQIDFHDW
VHUYLFHORDG SVL

Beam Width (in.)

Bar
Size



























1R





1R

1R

1R

1R

1R

1R

1R

Minimum number of bars, nmim:

bw  2(cc  0.5db )
1
s

nmin

GV

where
40,000
 2.5cc
s 15
fs
40,000

d 12
f
s

db

FF
sFOHDU

U 

sIRU1RVWLUUXSV
sIRU1RVWLUUXSV

s
&OHDUVSDFHt

FV
FF

EZ

GE
PD[DJJUHJDWHVL]H

Alsamsam, I.M. and Kamara, M. E. (2004). Simplified Design Reinforced Concrete Buildings of
Moderate Size and Heights, EB104, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.

DESIGN AID J.1-61

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Assumptions:
x *UDGHUHLQIRUFHPHQW f y  NVL
x &OHDUFRYHUWRWKHVWLUUXSV cs  LQ
x LQDJJUHJDWH
x 1RVWLUUXSVDUHXVHGIRU1RDQG1RORQJLWXGLQDOEDUVDQG1R
VWLUUXSVDUHXVHGIRU1RDQGODUJHUEDUV

Beam Width (in.)

Bar
Size



























1R























1R



















1R

















1R















1R















1R











1R









1R







Maximum number of bars, nmax:

nmax

bw  2(cs  d s  r )
1
(Clear space)  db

GV
db

FF
sFOHDU

sIRU1RVWLUUXSV
sIRU1RVWLUUXSV

s
&OHDUVSDFHt

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FF

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PD[DJJUHJDWHVL]H

Alsamsam, I.M. and Kamara, M. E. (2004). Simplified Design Reinforced Concrete Buildings of
Moderate Size and Heights, EB104, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.

DESIGN AID J.1-7

0LQLPXP7KLFNQHVVhIRU%HDPVDQG2QH:D\6ODEV8QOHVV'HIOHFWLRQVDUH
&DOFXODWHG


Beams or
Ribbed
One-way
Slabs

h t " 1 / 18.5

h t " 2 / 21

2QHHQG
FRQWLQXRXV

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FRQWLQXRXV

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Solid
One-way
Slabs

&DQWLOHYHU

"2

h t " 1 / 24

h t " 2 / 28

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h t "3 /8

"3

h t " 3 / 10
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x Applicable to one-way construction not supporting or attached to partitions or other construction likely to be
damaged by large deflections.

3
145 lbs/ft ) and Grade 60

x Values shown are applicable to members with normal weight concrete ( wc

reinforcement. For other conditions, modify the values as follows:

 For structural lightweight having wc in the range 90-120 lbs/ft3, multiply the values by
1.65  0.005wc  t 1.09.

 For f y other than 60,000 psi, multiply the values by 0.4  f y / 100,000 .
x For simply-supported members, minimum h

" / 20 for solid one - way slabs

" / 16 for beams or ribbed one - way slabs

DESIGN AID J.1-8

Reinforcement Ratio t for Tension-Controlled Sections Assuming Grade 60
Reinforcement

f c (psi)

t when t = 0.005

t when t = 0.004

3,000

0.01355

0.01548

4,000

0.01806

0.02064

5,000

0.02125

0.02429

Notes:
1. C = 0.85 f ' c (1c )b
T = As f y

C = T 0.85 f ' c (1c )b = As f y

a. When t = 0.005, c/dt = 3/8.

0.85 f ' c 1 3 d t b = As f y
8

t =

0.851 f c( 3 )
As
8
=
bd t
fy

b. When t = 0.004, c/dt = 3/7.

0.85 f ' c 1 3 d t b = As f y
7

0.851 f c( 3 )
As
7
=
t =
bd t
fy
2. 1 is determined according to 10.2.7.3.

DESIGN AID J.1-9

Simplified Calculation of bw Assuming Grade 60 Reinforcement and
= 0.5 max

f c (psi)
3,000
4,000
5,000

bw (in.)*

31.6 M u
d2

23.7 M u
d2

20.0 M u
d2

* M u is in ft-kips and d is in inches

In general:

bw =

36,600 M u

1 f c (1 0.2143 1 )d 2

where = / max , f c is in psi, d is in inches and M u is in ft-kips

and
max =

0.851 f c
0.003
(10.3.5)
fy
0.004 + 0.003

DESIGN AID J.1-10

T-beam Construction
8.12

be 2

be1

h = hf

bw1

bw3

bw2

s1

Span length

bw1 +
12

be1 bw1 + 6h
3b
b
s
w1 w2 + 1
4
2
4

s2

Span length

be 2 bw2 + 16h
b
b +b
s +s
w2 w1 w3 + 1 2
4
2
2

be 4bw
h = hf

bw
Isolated T-beam

bw
2

DESIGN AID J.1-11

Values of Vs = Vu Vc (kips) as a Function of the Spacing, s*

s
d/2

No. 3 U-stirrups
19.8

No. 4 U-stirrups
36.0

No. 5 U-stirrups
55.8

d/3

29.7

54.0

83.7

d/4

39.6

72.0

111.6

* Valid for Grade 60 ( f yt = 60 ksi) stirrups with 2 legs (double the tabulated values for
4 legs, etc.).

In general:
Vs =

Av f yt d
s

(11.4.7.2)

where f yt used in design is limited to 60,000 psi, except for welded deformed wire
reinforcement, which is limited to 80,000 psi (11.4.2).

DESIGN AID J.1-12

Minimum Shear Reinforcement Av,min / s *

f c (psi)

Av,min in.2

in.
s

4,500

0.00083bw

5,000

0.00088bw

* Valid for Grade 60 ( f yt = 60 ksi) shear reinforcement.

In general:

Av,min
s

= 0.75 f c

bw 50bw

f yt
f yt

Eq. (11-13)

where f yt used in design is limited to 60,000 psi, except for welded deformed wire
reinforcement, which is limited to 80,000 psi (11.4.2).

DESIGN AID J.1-13

Torsional Section Properties

Section*
Edge

bw

Acp

pcp

Aoh

ph

bwh + behf

2(h + bw + be)

x1y1

2(x1 + y1)

bw(h - hf) + behf

2(h + be)

x1y1

2(x1 + y1)

b1h1 + b2h2

2(h1 + h2 + b2)

x1y1 + x2y2

2(x1 + x2 + y1)

b1h1 + b2h2

2(h1 + h2 + b2) x1y1 + 2x2y2 2(x1 + 2x2 + y1)

be = h - hf 4hf
h
hff
yyo

hh

x1 = bw - 2c - ds
y1 = h - 2c - ds
x1
Interior

be = bw + 2(h - hf) bw + 8hf

xxo1
hhf

yyo

x1 = bw - 2c - ds
y1 = h - 2c - ds
bw
L-shaped

bb11
x1
x2

h1

yy11
y2 h2

x1 = b1 - 2c - ds
y1 = h1 + h2 - 2c - ds
x2 = b2 - b1
y2 = h2 - 2c - ds

b2
Inverted tee
b1
x1
x2

h1

y1
y2

h2

x1 = b1 - 2c - ds
y1 = h1 + h2 - 2c - ds
x2 = (b2 - b1)/2
y2 = h2 - 2c - ds

b2
* Notation: xi, yi = center-to-center dimension of closed rectangular stirrup
c = clear cover to closed rectangular stirrup(s)
ds = diameter of closed rectangular stirrup(s)

2
Note: Neglect overhanging flanges in cases where Acp
/ pcp calculated for a beam with
flanges is less than that computed for the same beam ignoring the flanges (11.5.1.1).

DESIGN AID J.1-14

Moment of Inertia of Cracked Section Transformed to Concrete, I cr

Gross Section

Cracked Transformed
Section

Cracked Moment of Inertia, I cr

I cr =
kd

As

nAs

where

n.a.

kd =

I cr =

d
kd

As

n.a.

h
As

(n 1)As

b(kd )3
+ nAs (d kd ) 2
3
2dB + 1 1
B

b(kd ) 3
+ nAs (d kd ) 2
3

+ (n 1) As (kd d ) 2
d

where

nAs

kd =

rd
2
2dB + 1 +
+ (1 + r ) (1 + r )
d

---continued next page--I g = bh 3 / 12

n = E s / Ec
B = b /(nAs )
r = (n 1) As /(nAs )

DESIGN AID J.1-14

Moment of Inertia of Cracked Section Transformed to Concrete, I cr
(continued)

Cracked
Transformed
Section

Gross Section
b

Cracked Moment of Inertia, I cr

b
hf

I cr =
kd

h
nAs

As

12

b (kd ) 3
+ w
3

hf

+ (b bw )h f kd
2

n.a.

(b bw )h 3f

+ nAs (d kd ) 2

bw

where

kd =
b

b
hf
As

yt

I cr =
kd

As

(n 1)As
nAs

bw

n.a.

C (2d + h f f ) + (1 + f ) 2 (1 + f )
C
(b bw )h 3f
12

b (kd ) 3
+ w
3

hf

+ (b bw )h f kd
2

+ nAs (d kd ) 2 + (n 1) As (kd d ) 2
where

kd =

C (2d + h f f + 2rd ) + (1 + r + f ) 2 (1 + r + f )
C

yt = h {0.5[(b bw )h 2f + bw h 2 ] /[(b bw )h f + bw h]}

I g = (b bw )h 3f / 12 + bw h 3 / 12 + (b bw )h f (h 0.5h f yt ) 2 + bw h( yt 0.5h) 2

n = E s / Ec
C = bw /(nAs )

f = h f (b bw ) /(nAs )
r = (n 1) As /(nAs )

DESIGN AID J.1-15

Approximate Equation to Determine Immediate Deflection, i , for Members
Subjected to Uniformly Distributed Loads

i =

5 KM a 2
48 Ec I e

where

M a = net midspan moment or cantilever moment

= span length (8.9)

Ec = modulus of elasticity of concrete (8.5.1)
= w1c.5 33 f c for values of wc between 90 and 155 pcf
wc = unit weight of concrete
I e = effective moment of inertia (see Flowchart A.1-5.1)
K = constant that depends on the span condition

Span Condition
Cantilever*

2.0

Simple

1.0

Continuous
*

1.2 0.2( M o / M a )**

Deflection due to rotation at supports not included

** M o = w 2 / 8 (simple span moment at midspan)



DESIGN AID J.2-1

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Page 1 of 11











DESIGN AID J.2-2

'HILQLWLRQVRI&ROXPQ6WULSDQG0LGGOH6WULS


(""2)B
Minimum of "1/4 or ("2)B/4

(""2)A

-Middle strip
Column strip
-Middle strip

"1

Minimum of "1/4 or ("2)A/4




















Page 2 of 11















































DESIGN AID J.2-3

'HILQLWLRQRI&OHDU6SDQ " n 


K
K
K
K

K
K

" n t "  

"

Page 3 of 11









DESIGN AID J.2-4

'HVLJQ0RPHQW&RHIILFLHQWVXVHGZLWKWKH'LUHFW'HVLJQ0HWKRG


Flat Plate or Flat Slab



Flat Plate or Flat Slab with Spandrel Beams



6HH 'HVLJQ $LG -  IRU GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI E t

Page 4 of 11







DESIGN AID J.2-4

'HVLJQ0RPHQW&RHIILFLHQWVXVHGZLWKWKH'LUHFW'HVLJQ0HWKRG

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Flat Plate or Flat Slab with End Span Integral with Wall

Flat Plate or Flat Slab with End Span Simply Supported on Wall

Page 5 of 11











DESIGN AID J.2-4

'HVLJQ0RPHQW&RHIILFLHQWVXVHGZLWKWKH'LUHFW'HVLJQ0HWKRG

FRQWLQXHG

Two-Way Beam-Supported Slab

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1RWHV
x 0RLVGHILQHGSHU

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DESIGN AID J.2-5

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Interior Beam


C















"2

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CL

Slab, Is

Slab, Is
h

a
Beam, Ib

Beam, Ib

b
beff = b + 2(a h) d b + 8h

beff = b + (a h) d b + 4h

Ecb I b
(T
Ecs I s

Df

Ec

Edge Beam

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beff h  ba  h

Page 7 of 11

DESIGN AID J.2-6



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Interior Beam
C
C
"2




h

a




b


beff = b + 2(a h) d b + 8h


Case A


y2

y2
x2C A

x1

x x y
     
y 

x x y 
   
y 

y1

Case B


y2

x2C B
x1

x x y
  
y 

x x y 

   
y 

y1

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Et
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ZKHUH I s


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Page 8 of 11

DESIGN AID J.2-6


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CL
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Edge Beam



h

a




b


beff = b + (a h) d b + 4h


Case A


y2
x2

x1

CA

x x y
     
y 

x x y
      
y 

y1

Case B
y2

x2

x1

CB

x x y
     
y 

x x y 
   
y 

y1

PD[LPXPRI C A DQG C B 
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Page 9 of 11

DESIGN AID J.2-7


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DESIGN AID J.2-8

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Page 11 of 11