UNIT II

LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
PART A
1. State the conditions for the existence of Laplace transform of a function
Solution:
If f t is a function which is piecewise continuous function on every finite interval in the
range t 0 and is of exponential order, then the Laplace transform of f t exists
1
at
2. Prove that L e
, provided s a 0
sa
Solution:
L e

at

e st e at dt
0

s a t

e s a t
dt

s a

e
e0

s a s a

1
sa

L e at

1
sa

3. Prove that L cosh at

s
s a2
2

Solution:
e at e at
2

L cosh at L

1
L e at L e at

1 1
1

2 s a s a

1 s a s a

2 s a s a

1 2s
. 2
2 s a2

s
s a2
2

4. Prove that L k

k
, s 0 where k is a constant
s

Solution:

st
By definition, L f t e f t dt
0

e st
e ke dt k

s
0

L k L ke

0t

L k

st

0t

k
s

k
,s 0
s

5. State any two properties of Laplace Transform

Solution:
(i)Linear Property:
The Laplace transformation is a linear transformation
i.e., L af 1 t bf 2 t aL f 1 t bL f 2 t where a & b are constants.
(ii) First Shifting Property:
at
If L f t F s then L e f t F s a
2
6. Find L sin 2t

Solution:

1 cos 4t
2

L sin 2 2t L

1
1
L 1 L cos 4t
2
2

1 1 s

2 s 2 s 2 16

3
7. Find L cos 3t

Solution:

cos9t 3cos3t

L cos3 3t L

1
L cos9t 3L cos3t
4

s
1
3

2
2
4 s 81 s 9

21

L
8. Prove that t
s

Solution:
We know that L t

1
2

21 1
s2
s2

1
1

2
1

s2

3 t
2
9. Find L e sin t

Solution:

L f t

1 cos 2t
2

L sin 2 t L

1
L 1 L cos 2t
2

1 1
s
L sin 2 t
2
2 s s 4
By first shifting theorem,

L e 3t sin 2 t

1 1
s3

2 s 3 s 3 2 4

2 2t
10. Find L t e

Solution:

f t t2
L f t

2
s3

By shifting theorem,

L t 2e 2 t

s 2

11. Find the Laplace transform of t 3e 2t

Solution:

dn

F s
We know that L t n f t 1

ds n
n

L t 3e2 t 1

d3
L e 2 t
ds 3

d3 1
ds 3 s 2

d2
1
2

ds s 2 2

d
2

ds s 2 3


6

4
s 2

s 2

t
12. Find L e 3sinh 2t 5cosh 2t

Solution:
L 3sinh 2t 5cosh 2t

6
5s
6 5s
2
2
s 4 s 4 s 4
2

6 5 s 1
6 5s

2
2
s 4 s s 1 s 1 4

L e t 3sinh 2t 5cosh 2t

5 s 1
s 2s 3
2

0, 0 t 2
t2

13. Find L f t where, f t

3,
Solution:

We know that, L f t
2

st

0
2

st

f t dt

f t dt e st f t dt
2

st

0dt e st 3dt

e st
3

3e 2 s
s

cos t , 0 t
14. Find L f t where f t
t
sin t ,
Solution:
We know that, L f t

st

f t dt

st
st
= e cos t dt e sin t dt

e st

2 s cos t sin t
s 1

e st
s 2 1 s sin t cos t

e s s
s
e s
2
2
2
s 1 s 1 s 1

1
s e s s 1
s 1
2

15. Find L t sin 2t

Solution:
d
We know that L tf t f t
ds
Here f t sin 2t
2
F s L f t L sin 2t 2
s 4
F s

2
s 4
2

d 2
0 2 2 s
4s

L t sin 2t

2 2
2
2
2

ds s 4
s 4
s 4
16. Find the Laplace transform of t cosh at
Solution:
d
We know that L tf t f t
ds
L t cosh at

d
s
2

ds s a 2
s 2 a 2 1 s 2 s

2
2 2

s a

s 2 a 2 2 s 2
a 2 s 2

s2 a2 2
s 2 a 2 2

s2 a2

a2

17. Does Laplace transform of

cos at
exist? Justify?
t

Solution:
We know that if L[ f t ] F s and

f t F s ds .
t

1
f t has a limit as t 0 then
t

cos at 1

t 0
t
0
Lt

cos at
does not exist
t

e 3t e 4t
t

18. Find L

Solution:

e 3t e4t
1
1
L

ds

s
t
s 3 s 4

log s 3 log s 4

s 3

s 4

log

19. If L t sin t

2 s
2

,evaluate L t cos t sin t

Solution:
Here f t t sin t
f t t cos t t sin t
We know that L f t s L f t f 0 , where L f t F s
L t cos t sin t

s 2 s

s2 2

Q f 0 0

2 s 2
2

e t sin t
dt

t
0

20. Find L

Solution:

e t sin t
1 e t sin t
L
dt L
t
s
t
0

e t sin t
L e t sin t ds
Now, L

ds

s 1

tan 1 s 1

tan 1 tan 1 s 1

 0 cot 1 s 1

e t sin t
L
dt cot 1 s 1
t
0

PART B

1. (i) Prove that L sinh at

a
s a2
2

Solution:
e at e at
2

L sinh at L

1
L e at L e at

1 1
1

2 s a s a

1 sasa

2 s a s a

1 2a
. 2
2 s a2

L sinh at

a
s a2
2

a
s a2
2

(ii) Find L sin 3t cos t

Solution:
sin 4t +sin 2t

L sin 3t cos t =L

1
L sin 2t L sin 4t
2

1
4
2
2
2
2

2 s 4 s 22

1
4
2
2
2

2 s 16 s 4

2. (i) Find L cosh t sin 2t

Solution:
By First shifting theorem,

et e t

L cosh t.sin 2t L
sin 2t
2

1
1
L et sin 2t L e t sin 2t
2
2

1
2
1
2

2
2 s 1 4 2 s 1 2 4

s 1

s 1

3
3
(ii) Find L sin 3t cosh 3t

Solution:
3
1
3
1
3
3
We know that sin sin sin 3 and cosh cosh cosh 3
4
4
4
4
3
1
3
Hence sin 3t sin 3t sin 9t
4
4
3
1
cosh 3 3t cosh 3t cosh 9t
4
4
1
1
3

L sin 3 3t +cosh 3 3t L sin 3t sin 9t L cosh 3t cosh 9t

4
4
4

3 3
9
1 s
1
3 s
2 2 2

4 s 9
4 s 2 81
4 s 81 4 s 9
1 s
3. (i) If L f t F s , prove that L f at F
a a
Solution:

st
By definition, L f t e f t dt
0

L f at e st f at dt
0

Put at x

adt dx

When t 0 , x 0
When t , x

L f at e

x
s
a

f x

s
x
a

1
e
a0

s
t
a

1
F
a

1
e
a0

dx
a

f x dx

f t dt

[Since x is a dummy variable]

1
L f at F
a

sin t , 0 t
t
0,

(ii) Find the Laplace transform of f t

Solution:

st
We know that L f t e f t dt
0

L f t e

st

sin t dt e st 0 dt

e st

2 s sin t cos t
s 1

at
Q e sin bt dt

eat
2
2 [a sin bt b cos bt ]
a b

e s
1
s sin t cos 2
2
s 1
s 1

e s
1
2
2
s 1 s 1

1 e s
s2 1

Q sin 0 ; cos 1

n!
n 1
4. (i) If L t n n 1 (or) L t n n 1 , where n is a positive integer
s
s
Solution:

L t n e st t n dt
0

Put st x
sdt dx
When t 0 , x 0
When t , x

1
x 1
L t n e x dx n 1 x n e x dx
s 0
s s
0
L t

n!
n 1
s

n x
Q x e dx n !
0

Here n is a positive integer

3t
(ii) Find the Laplace transform of e t cos 2t

Solution:

L e3t t cos 2t L t cos 2t s s 3

d
L cos 2t s s 3
ds

L e3t t cos 2t

d
s
2
ds s 4

s s 3

s 2 4 1 s 2 s

2
2

s 4

s 2 4 2 s 2

2
2

s s 3

4 s2
s 2 4 2

s s 3

s2 4
s 2 4 2

s s 3

s s 3

s 3 4
2
2
s 3 4
2

s 2 6s 9 4
s 2 6 s 9 4

L e3t t cos 2t

s 2 6s 5
s 2 6 s 13

5. (i) If L f t F s then prove that L f t s L f t f 0

Solution:
L f t

st
st
e f t dt e d f t

e st f t

f t d e st
0

0 e 0 f 0 f t e st s dt
0

f 0 s e st f t dt
0

sL f t f 0

(ii) Find the Laplace transform of

sin at
t

Solution:

f t L f t ds
t

We know that L

sin at
L
L sin at ds
t
s

a
ds
s a2
2

a
s

1
ds
s a2
2

a tan 1

a
s

tan 1
a

tan 1
2

s
cot 1
a
sin at
a
tan 1

t
s

1 et

6. (i) Find L
Solution:

1 et
Here lim L
1 = Finite value
t 0
t

1 et

L 1 e t ds

t
s

L 1 L e t
s

ds

1
1

ds
s s s 1

log s log s 1 s

s
log
s 1

1
1
1
s

log

1
1
1
s

log1 log

s
s 1

0 log

s
log
s 1

1 et
s 1
L
log

s
t
sin 3t cos t

(ii) Find L
Solution:

sin 3t cos t
sin 4t sin 2t

2t
t

1
L sin 4t sin 2t ds
2 s

1
4
2
2 ds
2

2 s s 16 s 4

1 1

4. tan 1
2 4

1
s
s
tan 1 tan 1
2
4
2

tan 1 () tan 1 () tan 1

tan 1

2 2 2

s
1 s

tan
4
2

s
1 s
tan
4
2

1
sin 3t cos t

tan 1

2
t

s
1
1 s
2. tan
4
2
2

s
1 s
tan
4
2

7. (i) Find the Laplace transform of e

t cos t dt
0

Solution:

L e

1
t
cos
t
dt

L t cos t

0
s

1 d

L cos t
s ds

1 d s
2
s ds s 1
2

1 s 1 s.2 s

2
2

s
s

1 s2 1

s s 2 1 2

1
s

L e t cos t dt
2
2

s
0

s 1

s s 1

s 1 1

L e t t cos t dt
2
s 1 s 1 1
0

s 2 2s

s 1 s 2 2s 2

2
u
(ii) Find the Laplace transform of u u e du
0

Solution:
2
u
3

u u e du u3 u2 e1

0
t

u3 u2

e u
3 2

t3 t2

e t 0 0 1
3 2

t3 t2
et 1
3 2

t3 t2
1
1
L 1 e t L 1 L t 3 L t 2 L e t
3 2
3
2

1 1 3!
1
4
s 3 s
2

1
2!

3
s
s 1

1 6 1
1
1
4 3
s 3 s
s s 1

1 2 1
1
u e u du 4 3
s s
s s 1

a
2

1,

0t

1,

a
t a
2

8. Find the Laplace transform of f t

with f t a f t

Solution:
Given function is a periodic function with period a .
L f t

1 e as
1

1 e as

a
2
0

1e st dt a 1 e st dt
2

a
a
e st 2 e st

s
s a

e sa / 2 1 e sa e sa / 2

s
s
s
s

1
1 e as

1 1 e as 2e as / 2

1 e as
s

1 e

s 1 e

as / 2 2
as

1 e

s 1 e

as / 2

as / 2 2

1 e

as / 2

1 1 e

s 1 e as / 2
as / 2

as / 4 as / 4
e

1 1 e

s 1 e as / 4 e as / 4
as / 4
as / 4

1 e e

as / 4
as / 4
s e e

1
as
tanh
s
4
t,
0t a
with f t 2a f t
2a t , a t 2a

9. Find the Laplace transform of f t

Solution:
Here the period is 2a
2a

1
L f t
1 e 2 as
1

1 e 2 as

st

f t dt

st
e
tdt

e
2
a

t
dt

0
a

2a

st

e st
1 e st

1 e 2 as s
s

1 e 2 as

1
1 e 2 as

1
1 e 2 as

e st e st
2
t
s
s

e st
e st
2 a t
1 2

s
s
0

e st e st

2
a

s
s

2a

2a

2 as
e as e as
ae as e as
1 e
2 2

2
a
2
s
s
s
s s

s

e as e as 1 e 2 as ae as e as

a
2 2 2
2

s
s
s
s
s
s

1 1 e 2 as 2e as

1 e 2 as
s2

1 e as

s 2 1 e as 1 e as
1 e as
s 2 1 e as

as / 2
as / 2

1 e e
2
as / 2
as
s e e

1
as
tanh
2
s
2

1
as
L f t 2 tanh
s
2

sin t ,

10. Find the Laplace transform of f t

Solution:

sin t ,

Given f t

0,

0t

0,

with f t f t

0t

This is a periodic function with period

1

1 e 2 as

We know that L f t

L f t

1 e

1 e

1 e

2 s

1 e

1 e

st

f t dt

st

f t dt

st

f t dt

st

st

sin tdt

st

2 s

2 s

s2 2

1 e

2 s

e 1


s2 2

e
1

s
s
s2 2

1 e 1 e

2
2
1 e s

f t dt

0 dt

e st s sin t cos t

s2 2

2 s

2 s

2a

2
in the interval

0,