Chuyn ho hc 8

Chng I: Cht Nguyn t - Phn t

CHNG I: CHT NGUYN T - PHN T

DNG I: CU TO NGUYN T
Cu 1. Tng s ht p, n, e trong nguyn t l 28, trong s ht khng mang in chim xp x 35%.
Tnh s ht mi loi v k hiu ha hc ca nguyn t .
Cu 2. Nguyn t X c tng cc ht l 52 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l
16 ht. Hy xc nh s p, n, e v k hiu ha hc ca nguyn t X.
Cu 3. Mt nguyn t X c tng s ht p, e, n l 46. S ht mang khng mang in bng 8/15 s ht
mang in. Hy xc nh s p, n, e v k hiu ha hc ca nguyn t X.
Cu 4 (VN): Lu hunh c nguyn t khi bng 32. Trong nguyn t lu hunh s ht mang in gp
i s ht khng mang in. Hy cho bit s ht p, n, e trong nguyn t.
Cu 5 (VN): Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht p, n , e l 115 ht. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 25 ht. Xc nh tn v k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t R.
DNG II: K HIU HO HC NGUYN T KHI
Cu 1: Hy vit k hiu ho hc v cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t ho hc sau:
a. Hiro, cacbon, nit, photpho, oxi, lu hunh, brom, clo.
b. Natri, magie, nhm, kali, canxi, st, ng, km, bc, bari.
Cu 2: Bit khi lng tnh bng gam ca 1 nguyn t cacbon l 19,926.10-24 (g)
a. 1 vC tng ng vi bao nhiu gam?
b. Tnh khi lng bng gam ca nguyn t hiro, oxi, st, natri, nhm, lu hunh.
Cu 3: Nguyn t X nng gp hai ln nguyn t O. Hy tnh t khi ca X v cho bit X thuc nguyn t
ho hc no?
Cu 4 (VN): Hy tnh khi lng bng vC ca:
a. 3Ca

b. 5Cl

c. 7Ba

d. 12Fe

Cu 5 (VN): Nguyn t X nng bng nguyn t Y v nguyn t Y nng bng 1,5 nguyn t Z. Hy
tnh nguyn t khi ca X bit Z l nguyn t O.

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Chuyn ho hc 8

Chng I: Cht Nguyn t - Phn t

DNG III: N CHT HP CHT PHN T KHI

Cu 1.
- Axit nitric c to nn t H, N, v 3 O
- Kh ozon c to nn t 3O
- vi (canxi cacbonat) c to nn t 1 Ca, 1 C v 3 O
- Kh hiro c to nn t 2H.
- Thuc tm c to nn t 1 K, 1 Mn v 4 O.
- Nc c to nn t 2 H v 1 O
- Mui n c to nn t 1 Na v1 Cl
- Kh nit c to nn t 2 N
- Kh clo c to nn t 2 Cl
- Kh axetylen c to nn t 2 C, 2 H.
- Axit sunfuric c to nn t 2 H, S v 4 O.
a. Hy ch ra cht no l n cht? hp cht?
b. Tnh phn t khi ca cc cht trn.
Cu 2: Hy so snh phn t kh oxi nng hay nh hn bao nhiu ln so vi phn t:
a. Phn t kh hiro
b. Phn t kh cacbonic CO2
Cu 3 (VN): Xc nh phn t khi ca cc cht sau:
a, Fe, NaCl, Fe3O4, Al4C3, CaC2, P2O5, NaNO3, Fe(OH)2, CuSO4, H3PO4, NaAlO2, Fe2(SO4)3
b, O2, HCl, PbCl2, Cu3(PO4)2, Na2HPO4, CuSO4.5H2O, C12H22O11, NH4NO3.
CNG THC HO HC
Cu 1: Vit cng thc ho hc (CTHH) v tnh PTK ca cc cht sau:
a. Nc oxi gi c to bi 2 H v 2O lin kt vi nhau.
b. Vi sng c to bi 1 Ca v 1 O lin kt vi nhau.
c. Kh amoniac c to bi 1 N v 3 H lin kt vi nhau.
d. Glucoz c to bi 6 C, 12 H v 6 O lin kt vi nhau.
e. ng sunfat c to bi 1 Cu, 1 S v 4 O lin kt vi nhau.
f. Nhm hiroxit c to bi 1 Al, 3O v 3 H lin kt vi nhau.
Cu 2: Mt hp cht c phn t gm 2 nguyn t ca nguyn t X lin kt vi 1 nguyn t O v nng
hn phn t hiro 47 ln.
a. Tnh phn t khi ca hp cht.
b. Tnh nguyn t khi, cho bit tn v k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t X.
Cu 3: Tnh phn trm cc nguyn t trong hp cht Na2SO4.
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Chuyn ho hc 8

Chng I: Cht Nguyn t - Phn t

Cu 4 (VN): Vit CTHH v tnh PTK ca cc cht sau:

a. Bari sunfat bit trong phn t c Ba, S v 4 O lin kt vi nhau.
b. Axit cacbonic bit trong phn t c 2 H, C v 3 O lin kt vi nhau.
c. Kali hiroxit bit trong phn t c K, O v H lin kt vi nhau.
d. Natri nitrat bit trong phn t c Na, N v 3 O lin kt vi nhau.
e. Magie clorua bit trong phn t c Mg v 2 Cl lin kt vi nhau.
f. Axit phosphoric bit trong phn t c 3 H, P v 4 O lin kt vi nhau.
g. Nhm sunfat bit trong phn t c 2 Al v 3 nhm SO4 lin kt vi nhau.
h. Mangan ddioxxit bit trong phn t c 1 Mn v 2 O
i. St (III) oxit bit trong phn t c 2 Fe v 3 O.
Cu 5 (VN): Mt hp cht A c phn t gm mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X lin kt vi 2 nguyn t O
v nng bng khi lng ca 1 nguyn t ng.
a. Tnh nguyn t khi ca X.
b. Cho bit tn v k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t X.
c. Vit cng thc ho hc hp cht A.
Cu 6 (VN): Mt hp cht gm 2 nguyn t ca nguyn t X lin kt vi 3 nguyn t O v c khi lng
gp 5 ln phn t oxi.
a. Tnh phn t khi ca hp cht.
b. Cho bit tn nguyn t X, k hiu v CTHH ca hp cht.
HO TR
Cu 1: Tnh ho tr ca mi nguyn t trong cc hp cht sau:
a. N trong NH3, N2O, NO, NO2, N2O3, N2O5.
b. Cl trong HCl, Cl2O, Cl2O3, Cl2O5, Cl2O7.
c. S trong H2S, SO2, SO3.
d. Fe trong FeO, Fe2O3, FeCl2, FeCl3.

Cu 2: Lp CTHH ca cc hp cht vi oxi ca cc nguyn t sau:

a. Na (I)

b. Ca (II)

c. Al (III)

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d. Pb (IV)

e. S (VI)

Chuyn ho hc 8

Chng I: Cht Nguyn t - Phn t

Cu 3: Lp CTHH ca cc hp cht vi lu hunh (ho tr II) ca cc nguyn t sau:

a. Na (I)

b. Fe (II)

c. Al (III)

d. C (IV)

e. H (I)

Cu 4: Lp CTHH v tnh PTK ca cc hp cht c phn t gm:

a. Na (I) v O

b. P (V) v O

c. K (I) v NO3 (I)

d. Ca (II) v PO4 (III)

e. Fe (III) v SO4 (II)

f. Na (I) v CO3 (II)

Cu 5 (VN): Tnh ho tr ca mi nguyn t trong cc hp cht sau. Cho bit lu hunh c ho tr II

trong mi hp cht .
a. K2S

b. MgS

c. CS2

d. Cr2S3

Cu 6 (VN): Tnh ho tr ca mi nguyn t trong cc hp cht sau. Bit nhm NO3 c ho tr I v nhm
CO3 c ho tr II.
a. Ba(NO3)2

b. CuCO3

c. Fe(NO3)2

d. Na2CO3

Cu 7 (VN): Lp CTHH v tnh PTK ca nhng hp cht to bi:

a. Ba (II) v OH (I)

b. Al (III) v NO3 (I)

c. Mg (II) v CO3 (II)

d. Fe (II) v PO4 (III)

e. Ba (II) v SO4 (II)

f. H (I) v SO4 (II)

g. Ca (II) v CO3 (II)

h. Fe (III) v OH (I)

i. Al (III) v SO4 (II)

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