The Anatomy of Melancholy

22/03/2015
TheAnatomyofMelancholy
ProjectGutenberg'sTheAnatomyofMelancholy,byDemocritusJunior
ThiseBookisfortheuseofanyoneanywhereatnocostandwith
almostnorestrictionswhatsoever.Youmaycopyit,giveitawayor
reuseitunderthetermsoftheProjectGutenbergLicenseincluded
withthiseBookoronlineatwww.gutenberg.net
Title:TheAnatomyofMelancholy
Author:DemocritusJunior
ReleaseDate:January13,2004[EBook#10800]
Language:English
Charactersetencoding:ISO88591
***STARTOFTHISPROJECTGUTENBERGEBOOKTHEANATOMYOFMELANCHOLY***
ProducedbyKarlHagen,D.MoynihanandDistributedProofreaders
Preface|Part1|Part2|Part3
IntroductiontotheProjectGutenbergEdition.
ThiseditionofTheAnatomyofMelancholyisbasedonanineteenthcenturyeditionthatmodernizedBurton'sspellingandtypographicconventions.Inpreparingthis
electronicversion,itbecameevidentthattheeditorhadmadeavarietyofmistakesinthismodernization:somewordswereleftintheiroriginalspelling(unusual
wordswereaparticularproblem),portionsofbooktitlesweremistakenforpropernames,propernamesweremistakenforbooktitlesorLatinwords,etc.Acertain
numberofmisprintswerealsointroducedintotheLatin.Asaresult,Ihavereeditedthetext,checkingitagainstimagesofthe1638edition,andcorrectingallerrors
notpresentintheearlieredition.Ihavecontinuedtofollowthegeneraleditorialpracticeofthebasetextforquotationmarks,italics,etc.Rarewordshavebeen
normalizedaccordingtotheirprimaryspellingintheOxfordEnglishDictionary.WhenBurtonspellsaperson'snameinseveralways,Ihavenormalizedthenames
tothemostcommonspelling,ortomodernpracticeifwellknown.Inafewcases,mistakespresentinboththe1683editionandthebasetexthavebeencorrected.
Thesearealwaysminorreferenceerrors(e.g.,anincorrectormissingsectionnumberinthesynopses,ormisnumberedfootnotes).Incorrectcitationstoothertexts
(Burtonseemstoquotebymemoryandsometimesgetsitwrong)havenotbeenchangediftheyarewronginbotheditions.Todisplaysomesymbols(astrological
signs,etc.)theHTMLversionrequiresabrowserwithunicodesupport.MostrecentbrowsersshouldbeOK.KTH
FRONTISPIECETOTHEORIGINALEDITION
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10800/10800h/10800h.htm
1/48
22/03/2015
1.DemocritusAbderites2.Zelotypia3.Solitudo4.Inamorato5.Hypocondriacus6.Superstitiosus7.Maniacus8.Borage9.Hellebor10.DemocritusJuniorTHE
ANATOMYOFMELANCHOLYWhatitis,withallthekinds,causes,symptoms,prognostics,andseveralcuresofit.InthreePartitions,withtheirseveral
Sections,numbers,andsubsections.Philosophically,medicinally,Historically,openedandcutup.ByDemocritusJuniorWithaSatyricalPrefaceconducingtothe
followingDiscourse.TheSixthEdition,correctedandaugmentedbytheAuthor.Omnetulitpunctum,quimiscitutiledulce.LondonPrinted&tobesoldbyHen.
Crips&LodoLloydattheirshopinPopesheadAlley.1652">
THE
ANATOMYOFMELANCHOLY,
WHATITIS,
WITH
ALLTHEKINDS,CAUSES,SYMPTOMS,PROGNOSTICS,ANDSEVERALCURESOFIT.
INTHREEPARTITIONS.
WITHTHEIRSEVERAL
SECTIONS,MEMBERS,ANDSUBSECTIONS,PHILOSOPHICALLY,MEDICALLY,
HISTORICALLYOPENEDANDCUTUP.
BYDEMOCRITUSJUNIOR.
WITH
ASATIRICALPREFACE,CONDUCINGTOTHEFOLLOWINGDISCOURSE.
2/48
22/03/2015
ANEWEDITION,
CORRECTED,ANDENRICHEDBYTRANSLATIONSOFTHENUMEROUSCLASSICALEXTRACTS.
BYDEMOCRITUSMINOR.
TOWHICHISPREFIXEDANACCOUNTOFTHEAUTHOR.
Omnetulitpunctum,quimiscuitutiledulci.
Hethatjoinsinstructionwithdelight,
Profitwithpleasure,carriesallthevotes.
HONORATISSIMODOMINO
NONMINVSVIRTUTESUA,QUAMGENERISSPLENDORE,
ILLVSTRISSIMO,
GEORGIOBEKKLEIO,
MILITIDEBALNEO,BARONIDEBERKLEY,MOUBREY,SEGRAVE,
D.DEBRUSE,
DOMINOSUOMULTISNOMINIBUSOBSERVANDO,
HANCSUAM
MELANCHOLIAEANATOMEN,
JAMSEXTOREVISAM,D.D.
DEMOCRITUSJUNIOR.
ADVERTISEMENTTOTHELASTLONDONEDITION.
Theworknowrestoredtopublicnoticehashadanextraordinaryfate.Atthetimeofitsoriginalpublicationitobtainedagreatcelebrity,whichcontinuedmorethan
halfacentury.Duringthatperiodfewbooksweremoreread,ormoredeservedlyapplauded.Itwasthedelightofthelearned,thesolaceoftheindolent,andthe
refugeoftheuninformed.Itpassedthroughatleasteighteditions,bywhichthebookseller,asWOODrecords,gotanestateand,notwithstandingtheobjection
sometimesopposedagainstit,ofaquaintstyle,andtoogreatanaccumulationofauthorities,thefascinationofitswit,fancy,andsterlingsense,havebornedownall
censures,andextortedpraisefromthefirstWritersintheEnglishlanguage.ThegraveJOHNSONhaspraiseditinthewarmestterms,andtheludicrousSTERNE
hasinterwovenmanypartsofitintohisownpopularperformance.MILTONdidnotdisdaintobuildtwoofhisfinestpoemsonitandahostofinferiorwritershave
embellishedtheirworkswithbeautiesnottheirown,culledfromaperformancewhichtheyhadnotthejusticeeventomention.Changeoftimes,andthefrivolityof
fashion,suspended,insomedegree,thatfamewhichhadlastednearacenturyandthesucceedinggenerationaffectedindifferencetowardsanauthor,whoatlength
wasonlylookedintobytheplunderersofliterature,thepoachersinobscurevolumes.TheplagiarismsofTristramShandy,sosuccessfullybroughttolightbyDR.
FERRIAR,atlengthdrewtheattentionofthepublictowardsawriter,who,thoughthenlittleknown,might,withoutimpeachmentofmodesty,layclaimtoevery
markofrespectandinquiryproved,beyondadoubt,thatthecallsofjusticehadbeenlittleattendedtobyothers,aswellasthefacetiousYORICK.WOOD
observed,morethanacenturyago,thatseveralauthorshadunmercifullystolenmatterfromBURTONwithoutanyacknowledgment.Thetime,however,atlength
arrived,whenthemeritsoftheAnatomyofMelancholyweretoreceivetheirduepraise.Thebookwasagainsoughtforandread,andagainitbecameanapplauded
performance.Itsexcellenciesoncemorestoodconfessed,intheincreasedpricewhicheverycopyofferedforsaleproducedandtheincreaseddemandpointedout
thenecessityofanewedition.Thisisnowpresentedtothepublicinamannernotdisgracefultothememoryoftheauthorandthepublisherrelieswithconfidence,
thatsovaluablearepositoryofamusementandinformationwillcontinuetoholdtheranktowhichithasbeenrestored,firmlysupportedbyitsownmerit,andsafe
fromtheinfluenceandblightofanyfuturecapricesoffashion.Toopenitsvaluablemysteriestothosewhohavenothadtheadvantageofaclassicaleducation,
translationsofthecountlessquotationsfromancientwriterswhichoccurinthework,arenowforthefirsttimegiven,andobsoleteorthographyisinallinstances
modernized.
ACCOUNTOFTHEAUTHOR.
RobertBurtonwasthesonofRalphBurton,ofanancientandgenteelfamilyatLindley,inLeicestershire,andwasbornthereonthe8thofFebruary1576.[1]He
receivedthefirstrudimentsoflearningatthefreeschoolofSuttonColdfield,inWarwickshire[2]fromwhencehewas,attheageofseventeen,inthelongvacation,
1593,senttoBrazenNoseCollege,intheconditionofacommoner,wherehemadeconsiderableprogressinlogicandphilosophy.In1599hewaselectedstudentof
ChristChurch,and,forform'ssake,wasputunderthetuitionofDr.JohnBancroft,afterwardsBishopofOxford.In1614hewasadmittedtothereadingofthe
Sentences,andonthe29thofNovember,1616,hadthevicarageofSt.Thomas,inthewestsuburbofOxford,conferredonhimbythedeanandcanonsofChrist
Church,which,withtherectoryofSegrave,inLeicestershire,giventohimintheyear1636,byGeorge,LordBerkeley,hekept,tousethewordsoftheOxford
antiquary,withmuchadotohisdyingday.HeseemstohavebeenfirstbeneficedatWalsby,inLincolnshire,throughthemunificenceofhisnoblepatroness,
Frances,CountessDowagerofExeter,butresignedthesame,ashetellsus,forsomespecialreasons.Athisvicarageheisremarkedtohavealwaysgiventhe
sacramentinwafers.Wood'scharacterofhimis,thathewasanexactmathematician,acuriouscalculatorofnativities,ageneralreadscholar,athoroughpaced
philologist,andonethatunderstoodthesurveyingoflandswell.Ashewasbymanyaccountedaseverestudent,adevourerofauthors,amelancholyandhumorous
personsobyothers,whoknewhimwell,apersonofgreathonesty,plaindealingandcharity.IhaveheardsomeoftheancientsofChristChurchoftensay,thathis
companywasverymerry,facete,andjuvenileandnomaninhistimedidsurpasshimforhisreadyanddexterousinterlardinghiscommondiscoursesamongthem
withversesfromthepoets,orsentencesfromclassicauthorswhichbeingthenallthefashionintheUniversity,madehiscompanythemoreacceptable.Heappears
tohavebeenauniversalreaderofallkindsofbooks,andavailedhimselfofhismultifariousstudiesinaveryextraordinarymanner.FromtheinformationofHearne,
welearnthatJohnRouse,theBodleianlibrarian,furnishedhimwithchoicebooksfortheprosecutionofhiswork.Thesubjectofhislabourandamusement,seems
tohavebeenadoptedfromtheinfirmitiesofhisownhabitandconstitution.Mr.Grangersays,Hecomposedthisbookwithaviewofrelievinghisownmelancholy,
butincreasedittosuchadegree,thatnothingcouldmakehimlaugh,butgoingtothebridgefootandhearingtheribaldryofthebargemen,whichrarelyfailedto
throwhimintoaviolentfitoflaughter.Beforehewasovercomewiththishorriddisorder,he,intheintervalsofhisvapours,wasesteemedoneofthemostfacetious
companionsintheUniversity.
HisresidencewaschieflyatOxfordwhere,inhischamberinChristChurchCollege,hedepartedthislife,atorverynearthetimewhichhehadsomeyearsbefore
foretold,fromthecalculationofhisownnativity,andwhich,saysWood,beingexact,severalofthestudentsdidnotforbeartowhisperamongthemselves,that
ratherthanthereshouldbeamistakeinthecalculation,hesentuphissoultoheaventhroughaslipabouthisneck.Whetherthissuggestionisfoundedintruth,we
3/48
22/03/2015
havenootherevidencethananobscurehintintheepitaphhereafterinserted,whichwaswrittenbytheauthorhimself,ashorttimebeforehisdeath.Hisbody,with
duesolemnity,wasburiednearthatofDr.RobertWeston,inthenorthaislewhichjoinsnexttothechoirofthecathedralofChristChurch,onthe27thofJanuary
163940.Overhisgravewassoonaftererectedacomelymonument,ontheupperpillarofthesaidaisle,withhisbust,paintedtothelife.Ontherighthandisthe
followingcalculationofhisnativity:
andunderthebust,thisinscriptionofhisowncomposition:Paucisnotus,paucioribusignotus,
HicjacetDemocritusjunior
Cuivitamdeditetmortem
Melancholia
Ob.8Id.Jan.A.C.MDCXXXIX.
Arms:AzureonabendO.betweenthreedogs'headsO.acrescentG.
Afewmonthsbeforehisdeath,hemadehiswill,ofwhichthefollowingisacopy:
EXTRACTEDFROMTHEREGISTRYOFTHEPREROGATIVECOURTOFCANTERBURY.
InnomineDeiAmen.August15thOnethousandsixhundredthirtyninebecausetherebesomanycasualtiestowhichourlifeissubjectbesidesquarrellingand
contentionwhichhappentoourSuccessorsafterourDeathbyreasonofunsettledEstatesIRobertBurtonStudentofChristchurchOxon.thoughmymeansbebut
smallhavethoughtgoodbythismylastWillandTestamenttodisposeofthatlittlewhichIhaveandbeingatthispresentIthankGodinperfecthealthofBodieand
MindandifthisTestamentbenotsoformalaccordingtotheniceandstricttermsofLawandotherCircumstancesperadventurerequiredofwhichIamignorantI
desirehowsoeverthismyWillmaybeacceptedandstandgoodaccordingtomytrueIntentandmeaningFirstIbequeathAnimamDeoCorpusTerraewhensoeverit
shallpleaseGodtocallmeIgivemyLandinHighamwhichmygoodFatherRalpheBurtonofLindlyintheCountyofLeicesterEsquiregavemebyDeedofGift
andthatwhichIhaveannexedtothatFarmbypurchasesince,nowleasedforthirtyeightpoundsperAnn.tomineElderBrotherWilliamBurtonofLindlyEsquire
duringhislifeandafterhimtohisHeirsImakemysaidBrotherWilliamlikewisemineExecutoraswellaspayingsuchAnnuitiesandLegaciesoutofmyLands
andGoodsasarehereafterspecifiedIgivetomynephewCassibilanBurtontwentypoundsAnnuityperAnn.outofmyLandinHighamduringhislifetobepaidat
twoequalpaymentsatourLadyDayinLentandMichaelmasorifhebenotpaidwithinfourteenDaysafterthesaidFeaststodistrainonanypartoftheGroundor
onanyofmyLandsofInheritanceItemIgivetomySisterKatherineJacksonduringherlifeeightpoundsperAnn.AnnuitytobepaidatthetwoFeastsequallyas
abovesaidorelsetodistrainontheGroundifshebenotpaidafterfourteendaysatLindlyastheothersomeisoutofthesaidLandItemIgivetomyServantJohn
UptontheAnnuityofFortyShillingsoutofmysaidFarmeduringhislife(iftillthenmyServant)tobepaidonMichaelmasdayinLindleyeachyearorelseafter
fourteendaystodistrainNowformygoodsIthusdisposethemFirstIgiveanC'thpoundstoChristChurchinOxfordwhereIhavesolonglivedtobuyfivepounds
LandsperAnn.tobeYearlybestowedonBooksfortheLibraryItemIgiveanhundredthpoundtotheUniversityLibraryofOxfordtobebestowedtopurchasefive
poundLandperAnn.tobepaidoutYearlyonBooksasMrs.BrooksformerlygaveanhundredpoundstobuyLandtothesamepurposeandtheRenttothesame
useIgivetomyBrotherGeorgeBurtontwentypoundsandmywatchIgivetomyBrotherRalphBurtonfivepoundsItemIgivetotheParishofSeagravein
LeicestershirewhereIamnowRectortenpoundstobegiventoacertainFeoffeestotheperpetualgoodofthesaidParishOxon[3]ItemIgivetomyNieceEugenia
BurtonOnehundredthpoundsItemIgivetomyNephewRichardBurtonnowPrisonerinLondonanhundredthpoundtoredeemhimItemIgivetothePoorof
HighamFortyShillingswheremyLandistothepoorofNuneatonwhereIwasonceaGrammarScholarthreepoundtomyCousinPurfeyofWadlake[Wadley]my
CousinPurfeyofCalcottmyCousinHalesofCoventrymyNephewBradshawofOrtontwentyshillingsapieceforasmallremembrancetoMr.WhitehallRectorof
CherkbymyneownChamberFellowtwentyshillingsIdesiremyBrotherGeorgeandmyCosenPurfeyofCalcotttobetheOverseersofthispartofmyWillIgive
moreoverfivepoundstomakeasmallMonumentformyMotherwheresheisburiedinLondontomyBrotherJacksonfortyshillingstomyServantJohnUpton
fortyshillingsbesideshisformerAnnuityifhebemyServanttillIdieifhebetillthenmyServant[4]ROBERTBURTONCharlesRussellWitnessJohn
PepperWitness.
AnAppendixtothismyWillifIdieinOxfordorwhilstIamofChristChurchandwithgoodMr.PaynesAugusttheFifteenth1639.
IgivetoMr.DoctorFellDeanofChristChurchFortyShillingstotheEightCanonstwentyShillingsapieceasasmallremembrancetothepoorofSt.Thomas
ParishTwentyShillingstoBrasenoseLibraryfivepoundstoMr.RowseofOriellColledgetwentyShillingstoMr.Heywoodxxs.toDr.Metcalfexxs.toMr.Sherley
xxs.IfIhaveanyBookstheUniversityLibraryhathnot,letthemtakethemIfIhaveanyBooksourownLibraryhathnot,letthemtakethemIgivetoMrs.Fellall
myEnglishBooksofHusbandryoneexceptedtoherDaughterMrs.KatherineFellmySixPiecesofSilverPlateandsixSilverspoonstoMrs.IlesmyGerards
HerballToMrs.MorrismyCountryFarmeTranslatedoutofFrench4.andallmyEnglishPhysickBookstoMr.WhistlertheRecorderofOxfordIgivetwenty
shillingstoallmyfellowStudentsMrsofArtsaBookinfol.ortwoapieceasMasterMorrisTreasurerorMr.DeanshallappointwhomIrequesttobetheOverseer
ofthisAppendixandgivehimforhispainsAtlasGeograferandOrteliusTheatrumMond'IgivetoJohnFelltheDean'sSonStudentmyMathematicalInstruments
exceptmytwoCrosseStaveswhichIgivetomyLordofDonnolifhebethenoftheHouseToThomasIlesDoctorIleshisSonStudentSaluntchonPaurrheliaand
Lucian'sWorksin4TomesIfanybooksbeleftletmyExecutorsdisposeofthemwithallsuchBooksasarewrittenwithmyownhandsandhalfmyMelancholy
CopyforCripshaththeotherhalfToMr.JonesChaplinandChantermySurveyingBooksandInstrumentsTotheServantsoftheHouseFortyShillingsROB.
BURTONCharlesRussellWitnessJohnPepperWitnessThisWillwasshewedtomebytheTestatorandacknowledgedbyhimsomefewdaysbeforehis
deathtobehislastWillItaTestorJohnMorrisSThD.Prebendari'EcclChri'OxonFeb.3,1639.
ProbatumfuitTestamentumsuprascriptum,&c.111640JuramentoWillmiBurtonFris'etExecutoriscui&c.debeneetfideliteradministrand.&c.coramMag'ris
4/48
22/03/2015
NathanaeleStephensRectoreEccl.deDrayton,etEdwardoFarmer,Clericis,vigorecommissionis,&c.
Theonlyworkourauthorexecutedwasthatnowreprinted,whichprobablywastheprincipalemploymentofhislife.Dr.Ferriarsays,itwasoriginallypublishedin
theyear1617butthisisevidentlyamistake[5]thefirsteditionwasthatprintedin4to,1621,acopyofwhichisatpresentinthecollectionofJohnNichols,Esq.,
theindefatigableillustratoroftheHistoryofLeicestershiretowhom,andtoIsaacReed,Esq.,ofStapleInn,thisaccountisgreatlyindebtedforitsaccuracy.The
otherimpressionsofitwerein1624,1628,1632,1638,16512,1660,and1676,whichlast,inthetitlepage,iscalledtheeighthedition.
Thecopyfromwhichthepresentisreprinted,isthatof16512attheconclusionofwhichisthefollowingaddress:
"TOTHEREADER.
Bepleasedtoknow(CourteousReader)thatsincethelastImpressionofthisBook,theingenuousAuthorofitisdeceased,leavingaCopyofitexactlycorrected,
withseveralconsiderableAdditionsbyhisownhandthisCopyhecommittedtomycareandcustody,withdirectionstohavethoseAdditionsinsertedinthenext
Editionwhichinordertohiscommand,andthePublickeGood,isfaithfullyperformedinthislastImpression.
H.C.(i.e.HEN.CRIPPS.)
Thefollowingtestimoniesofvariousauthorswillservetoshowtheestimationinwhichthisworkhasbeenheld:
TheANATOMYOFMELANCHOLY,whereintheauthorhathpiledupvarietyofmuchexcellentlearning.Scarceanybookofphilologyinourlandhath,inso
shortatime,passedsomanyeditions.Fuller'sWorthies,fol.16.
'Tisabooksofullofvarietyofreading,thatgentlemenwhohavelosttheirtime,andareputtoapushforinvention,mayfurnishthemselveswithmatterfor
commonorscholasticaldiscourseandwriting.Wood'sAthenaeOxoniensis,vol.i.p.628.2dedit.
IfyouneversawBURTONUPONMELANCHOLY,printed1676,Ipraylookintoit,andreadtheninthpageofhisPreface,'DemocritustotheReader.'Thereis
somethingtherewhichtouchesthepointweareuponbutImentiontheauthortoyou,asthepleasantest,themostlearned,andthemostfullofsterlingsense.The
witsofQueenAnne'sreign,andthebeginningofGeorgetheFirst,werenotalittlebeholdentohim.ArchbishopHerring'sLetters,12mo.1777.p.149.
BURTON'SANATOMYOFMELANCHOLY,he(Dr.Johnson)said,wastheonlybookthatevertookhimoutofbedtwohourssoonerthanhewishedto
rise.Boswell'sLifeofJohnson,vol.i.p.580.8vo.edit.
BURTON'SANATOMYOFMELANCHOLYisavaluablebook,saidDr.Johnson.Itis,perhaps,overloadedwithquotation.Butthereisgreatspiritandgreat
powerinwhatBurtonsayswhenhewritesfromhisownmind.Ibid,vol.ii.p.325.
ItwillbenodetractionfromthepowersofMilton'soriginalgeniusandinvention,toremark,thatheseemstohaveborrowedthesubjectofL'AllegroandIl
Penseroso,togetherwithsomeparticularthoughts,expressions,andrhymes,moreespeciallytheideaofacontrastbetweenthesetwodispositions,fromaforgotten
poemprefixedtothefirsteditionofBURTON'SANATOMYOFMELANCHOLY,entitled,'TheAuthor'sAbstractofMelancholyor,ADialoguebetween
PleasureandPain.'Herepainismelancholy.Itwaswritten,asIconjecture,abouttheyear1600.Iwillmakenoapologyforabstractingandcitingasmuchofthis
poemaswillbesufficienttoprove,toadiscerningreader,howfarithadtakenpossessionofMilton'smind.Themeasurewillappeartobethesameandthatour
authorwasatleastanattentivereaderofBurton'sbook,maybealreadyconcludedfromthetracesofresemblancewhichIhaveincidentallynoticedinpassing
throughtheL'AllegroandIlPenseroso.Afterextractingthelines,Mr.Wartonadds,astotheveryelaborateworktowhichthesevisionaryversesareno
unsuitableintroduction,thewriter'svarietyoflearning,hisquotationsfromscarceandcuriousbooks,hispedantrysparklingwithrudewitandshapelesselegance,
miscellaneousmatter,intermixtureofagreeabletalesandillustrations,and,perhaps,aboveall,thesingularitiesofhisfeelings,clothedinanuncommonquaintness
ofstyle,havecontributedtorenderit,eventomodernreaders,avaluablerepositoryofamusementandinformation.Warton'sMilton,2dedit.p.94.
THEANATOMYOFMELANCHOLYisabookwhichhasbeenuniversallyreadandadmired.Thisworkis,forthemostpart,whattheauthorhimselfstylesit,'a
cento'butitisaveryingeniousone.Hisquotations,whichaboundineverypage,arepertinentbutifhehadmademoreuseofhisinventionandlessofhis
commonplacebook,hisworkwouldperhapshavebeenmorevaluablethanitis.Heisgenerallyfreefromtheaffectedlanguageandridiculousmetaphorswhich
disgracemostofthebooksofhistime.Granger'sBiographicalHistory.
BURTON'SANATOMYOFMELANCHOLY,abookoncethefavouriteofthelearnedandthewitty,andasourceofsurreptitiouslearning,thoughwrittenona
regularplan,consistschieflyofquotations:theauthorhashonestlytermeditacento.Hecollects,undereverydivision,theopinionsofamultitudeofwriters,
withoutregardtochronologicalorder,andhastoooftenthemodestytodeclinetheinterpositionofhisownsentiments.Indeedthebulkofhismaterialsgenerally
overwhelmshim.Inthecourseofhisfoliohehascontrivedtotreatagreatvarietyoftopics,thatseemverylooselyconnectedwiththegeneralsubjectand,like
Bayle,whenhestartsafavouritetrainofquotations,hedoesnotscrupletoletthedigressionoutruntheprincipalquestion.Thus,fromthedoctrinesofreligionto
militarydiscipline,frominlandnavigationtothemoralityofdancingschools,everythingisdiscussedanddetermined.Ferriar'sIllustrationsofSterne,p.58.
ThearchnesswhichBURTONdisplaysoccasionally,andhisindulgenceofplayfuldigressionsfromthemostseriousdiscussions,oftengivehisstyleanairof
familiarconversation,notwithstandingthelaboriouscollectionswhichsupplyhistext.Hewascapableofwritingexcellentpoetry,butheseemstohavecultivated
thistalenttoolittle.TheEnglishversesprefixedtohisbook,whichpossessbeautifulimagery,andgreatsweetnessofversification,havebeenfrequentlypublished.
HisLatinelegiacversesaddressedtohisbook,shewaveryagreeableturnforraillery.Ibid.p.58.
Whentheforceofthesubjectopenshisownveinofprose,wediscovervaluablesenseandbrilliantexpression.Suchishisaccountofthefirstfeelingsof
melancholypersons,written,probably,fromhisownexperience.[Seep.154,ofthepresentedition.]Ibid.p.60.
Duringapedanticage,likethatinwhichBURTON'Sproductionappeared,itmusthavebeeneminentlyserviceabletowritersofmanydescriptions.Hencethe
unlearnedmightfurnishthemselveswithappropriatescrapsofGreekandLatin,whilstmenofletterswouldfindtheirenquiriesshortened,byknowingwherethey
mightlookforwhatbothancientsandmodernshadadvancedonthesubjectofhumanpassions.IconfessmyinabilitytopointoutanyotherEnglishauthorwhohas
solargelydealtinaptandoriginalquotation.ManuscriptnoteofthelateGeorgeSteevens,Esq.,inhiscopyofTHEANATOMYOFMELANCHOLY.
DEMOCRITUSJUNIORADLIBRUMSUUM.
Vadeliber,qualis,nonausumdicere,felix,
TenisifelicemfeceritAlmadies.
Vadetamenquocunquelubet,quascunqueperoras,
EtGeniumDominifacimiteretui.
IblandasinterCharites,mystamquesaluta
Musarumquemvis,sitibilectorerit.
Ruracolas,urbem,subeasvepalatiaregum,
Submisse,placide,tesinedentegeras.
Nobilis,autsiquisteforteinspexeritheros,
Datemorigerum,perlegatusquelubet.
EstquodNobilitas,estquoddesideretheros,
Gratiorhaecforsanchartaplacerepotest.
SiquismorosusCato,tetricusqueSenator,
Huncetiamlibrumforteviderevelit,
Sivemagistratus,tumtereverenterhabeto
5/48
22/03/2015
SednullusmuscasnoncapiuntAquilae.
Nonvacathistempusfugitivumimpenderenugis,
Nectalescupioparmihilectorerit.
Simatronagraviscasudiverteritistuc,
Illustrisdomina,autteComitissalegat:
Estquoddispliceat,placeatquodforsitanillis,
Ingererehisnolitemodo,pandetamen.
Atsivirgotuasdignabiturinclytachartas
Tangere,siveschedishaereatillatuis:
Damodotefacilem,etquaedamfoliaessememento
Conveniantoculisquaemagisaptasuis.
Sigenerosaancillatuosautalmapuella
Visuraestludos,annue,pandelubens.
Dicutinamnuncipsemeus[6](namdiligitistas)
Inpraesensessetconspiciendusherus.
Ignotusnotusvemihidegentetogata
Siveagetinludis,pulpitasivecolet,
SiveinLycaeo,etnugasevolveritistas,
Siquasdammendasvideritinspiciens,
DaveniamAuthori,dicesnamplurimavellet
Expungi,quaejamdisplicuissesciat.
SiveMelancholicusquisquam,seublandusAmator,
AulicusautCivis,seubenecomptuseques
Hucappellat,ageettutotecredelegenti,
Multaisticforsannonmalenataleget.
Quodfugiat,caveat,quodqueamplexabitur,ista
Paginafortassispromeremultapotest.
AtsiquisMedicuscoramtesistet,amice
Faccircumspecte,ettesinelabegeras:
Invenietnamqueipsemeisquoqueplurimascriptis,
Nonlevesubsidiumquaesibiforsanerunt.
SiquisCausidicuschartasimpingatinistas,
Nilmihivobiscum,pessimaturbavale
Sitnisivirbonus,etjurissinefraudeperitus,
Tumlegat,etforsandoctiorindesiet.
Siquiscordatus,facilis,lectorquebenignus
Hucoculosvertat,quaevelitipselegat
Candidusignoscet,metuasnil,pandelibenter,
Offensusmendisnoneritilletuis,
Laudabitnonnulla.VenitsiRhetorineptus,
Limataettersa,etquibenecoctapetit,
Claudecituslibrumnullahicnisiferreaverba,
Offendentstomachumquaeminusaptasuum.
Atsiquisnoneximiusdeplebepoeta,
Annuenamqueisticplurimafictaleget.
Nossumusenumero,nullusmihispiratApollo,
GrandiloquusVatesquilibetessenequit.
SiCriticusLector,tumidusCensorquemolestus,
ZoilusetMomus,sirabiosacohors:
Ringe,freme,etnolitumpandere,turbamalignis
Sioccurratsannisinvidiosasuis:
Facfugiassinullatibisitcopiaeundi,
Contemnes,tacitescommataquaequeferes.
Frendeat,allatret,vacuasgannitibusauras
Impleat,haudcureshisplacuissenefas.
Verumagesiforsandivertatpuriorhospes,
Cuiquesales,ludi,displiceantquejoci,
Objiciatquetibisordes,lascivaque:dices,
LascivaestDominoetMusajocosatuo,
Neclascivatamen,sipensitetomnesedesto
Sitlascivalicetpagina,vitaprobaest.
Barbarus,indoctusquerudisspectatorinistam
Simessemintrudat,fustefugabiseum,
Fungumpelleprocul(jubeo)namquidmihifungo?
Conveniuntstomachononminusistasuo.
Sednecpelletamenlaetoomnesaccipevultu,
Quos,quas,velquales,indevelundeviros.
Gratuseritquicunquevenit,gratissimushospes
Quisquiserit,facilisdifficilisquemihi.
Namsiculparit,quaedamculpassejuvabit,
Culpandofacietmemeliorasequi.
Sedsilaudarit,nequelaudibusefferarullis,
Sitsatishiscemalisopposuissebonum.
Haecsuntquaenostroplacuitmandarelibello,
EtquaedimittensdicerejussitHerus.
DEMOCRITUSJUNIORTOHISBOOK
PARAPHRASTICMETRICALTRANSLATION.
Goforthmybookintotheopenday
Happy,ifmadesobyitsgarisheye.
O'erearth'swidesurfacetakethyvagrantway,
Toimitatethymaster'sgeniustry.
TheGracesthree,theMusesninesalute,
Shouldthosewholovethemtrytoconthylore.
6/48
22/03/2015
Thecountry,cityseek,grandthronestoboot,
Withgentlecourtesyhumblybowbefore.
Shouldnoblesgallant,soldiersfrankandbrave
Seekthyacquaintance,hailtheirfirstadvance:
Fromtwitchofcarethypleasantveinmaysave,
Maylaughtercauseorwisdomgiveperchance.
SomesurlyCato,Senatoraustere,
Haplymaywishtopeepintothybook:
Seemverynothingtrembleandrevere:
Noforcefuleagles,butterfliese'erlook.
Theylovenotthee:ofthemthenlittleseek,
Andwishforreaderstriflerslikethyself.
Ofludefulmatronwatchfulcatchthebeck,
Orgorgeouscountessfullofprideandpelf.
Theymaysaypish!andfrown,andyetreadon:
Cryodd,andsilly,coarse,andyetamusing.
Shoulddaintydamselsseekthypagetocon,
Spreadthybeststores:tothembene'errefusing:
Say,fairone,masterlovestheedearaslife
Wouldhewereheretogazeonthysweetlook.
Shouldknownorunknownstudent,freedfromstrife
Oflogicandtheschools,exploremybook:
Crymercycritic,andthybookwithhold:
Besomefewerrorspardon'dthoughobserv'd:
Anhumbleauthortoimploremakesbold.
Thykindindulgence,evenundeserv'd,
Shouldmelancholywightorpensivelover,
Courtier,snugcit,orcarpetknightsotrim
Ourblossomscull,he'llfindhimselfinclover,
Gainsensefromprecept,laughterfromourwhim.
Shouldlearnedleechwithsolemnairunfold
Thyleaves,beware,becivil,andbewise:
Thyvolumemanypreceptssagemayhold,
Hiswellfraughtheadmayfindnotriflingprize.
Shouldcraftylawyertrespassonourground,
Caitiffsavaunt!disturbingtribeaway!
Unless(whitecrow)anhonestonebefound
He'llbetter,wisergoforwhatwesay.
Shouldsomeripescholar,gentleandbenign,
Withcandour,care,andjudgmenttheeperuse:
Thyfaultstokindoblivionhe'llconsign
Nortothymeritwillhispraiserefuse.
Thoumay'stbesearchedforpolish'dwordsandverse
Byflippantspouter,emptiestofpraters:
Tellhimtoseektheminsomemawkishverse:
Myperiodsallareroughasnutmeggraters.
Thedoggerelpoet,wishingtheetoread,
Rejectnotlethimgleanthyjestsandstories.
HisbrotherI,oflowlysemblingbreed:
ApollograntstofewParnassianglories.
Menac'dbycriticwithsourfurrowedbrow,
MomusorTroilusorScotchreviewer:
Ruffleyourheckle,grinandgrowlandvow:
Illnaturedfoesyouthuswillfindthefewer,
Whenfoulmouth'dsenselessrailerscrytheedown,
Replynot:fly,andshowtheroguesthystern
Theyarenotworthyevenofafrown:
Goodtasteorbreedingtheycanneverlearn
Orletthemclamour,turnacallousear,
Asthoughindreadofsomeharshdonkey'sbray.
Ifchidbycensor,friendlythoughsevere,
Tosuchexplainandturntheenotaway.
Thyvein,saysheperchance,isalltoofree
Thysmuttylanguagesuitsnotlearnedpen:
Reply,GoodSir,throughout,thecontextsee
Thoughtchastensthoughtsopritheejudgeagain.
Besides,althoughmymaster'spenmaywander
Throughdeviouspaths,bywhichitoughtnotstray,
Hislifeispure,beyondthebreathofslander:
Sopardongrant'tismerelybuthisway.
Someruggedruffianmakesahideousrout
Brandishthycudgel,threatenhimtobaste
Thefilthyfungusfarfromtheecastout
Suchnoxiousbanquetsneversuitmytaste.
Yet,calmandcautiousmoderatethyire,
Beevercourteousshouldthecaseallow
Sweetmaltisevermadebygentlefire:
Warmtothyfriends,giveallacivilbow.
Evencensuresometimesteachestoimprove,
Slightfrostshaveoftencuredtoorankacrop,
So,candidblamemyspleenshallnevermove,
Forskilfulgard'nerswaywardbrancheslop.
Gothen,mybook,andbearmywordsinmind
Guidessafeatonce,andpleasantthemyou'llfind.
THEARGUMENTOFTHEFRONTISPIECE.
7/48
22/03/2015
TendistinctSquareshereseenapart,
ArejoinedinonebyCutter'sart.
I.
OldDemocritusunderatree,
Sitsonastonewithbookonknee
Abouthimhangtheremanyfeatures,
OfCats,Dogsandsuchlikecreatures,
Ofwhichhemakesanatomy,
Theseatofblackcholertosee.
Overhisheadappearsthesky,
AndSaturnLordofmelancholy.
II.
TotheleftalandscapeofJealousy,
Presentsitselfuntothineeye.
AKingfisher,aSwan,anHern,
Twofightingcocksyoumaydiscern,
TworoaringBullseachotherhie,
Toassaultconcerningvenery.
SymbolsaretheseIsaynomore,
Conceivetherestbythat'safore.
III.
Thenextofsolitariness,
Aportraituredothwellexpress,
Bysleepingdog,cat:BuckandDoe,
Hares,Coniesinthedesertgo:
Bats,Owlstheshadybowersover,
Inmelancholydarknesshover.
Markwell:If'tbenotas'tshouldbe,
BlamethebadCutter,andnotme.
IV.
I'th'undercolumntheredothstand
Inamoratowithfoldedhand
Downhangshishead,terseandpolite,
Somedittysurehedothindite.
Hisluteandbooksabouthimlie,
Assymptomsofhisvanity.
Ifthisdonotenoughdisclose,
Topainthim,takethyselfbyth'nose.
V.
Hypocondriacusleansonhisarm,
Windinhissidedothhimmuchharm,
Andtroubleshimfullsore,Godknows,
Muchpainhehathandmanywoes.
Abouthimpotsandglasseslie,
Newlybroughtfrom'sApothecary.
ThisSaturn'saspectssignify,
Youseethemportray'dinthesky.
VI.
Beneaththemkneelingonhisknee,
Asuperstitiousmanyousee:
Hefasts,prays,onhisIdolfixt,
Tormentedhopeandfearbetwixt:
ForHellperhapshetakesmorepain,
ThanthoudostHeavenitselftogain.
Alaspoorsoul,Ipitythee,
Whatstarsinclinetheesotobe?
VII.
Butseethemadmanragedownright
Withfuriouslooks,aghastlysight.
Nakedinchainsbounddothhelie,
Androarsamainheknowsnotwhy!
Observehimforasinaglass,
Thineangryportraitureitwas.
Hispicturekeepsstillinthypresence
'Twixthimandthee,there'snodifference.
VIII,IX.
BorageandHelleborfilltwoscenes,
Sovereignplantstopurgetheveins
Ofmelancholy,andcheertheheart,
Ofthoseblackfumeswhichmakeitsmart
Toclearthebrainofmistyfogs,
Whichdulloursenses,andSoulclogs.
8/48
22/03/2015
Thebestmedicinethate'erGodmade
Forthismalady,ifwellassay'd.
X.
Nowlastofalltofillaplace,
PresentedistheAuthor'sface
Andinthathabitwhichhewears,
Hisimagetotheworldappears.
Hismindnoartcanwellexpress,
Thatbyhiswritingsyoumayguess.
Itwasnotpride,noryetvainglory,
(Thoughothersdoitcommonly)
Madehimdothis:ifyoumustknow,
ThePrinterwouldneedshaveitso.
Thendonotfrownorscoffatit,
Deridenot,ordetractawhit.
Forsurelyasthoudostbyhim,
Hewilldothesameagain.
Thenlookupon't,beholdandsee,
Asthoulik'stit,soitlikesthee.
AndIforitwillstandinview,
Thinetocommand,Reader,adieu.
THEAUTHOR'SABSTRACTOFMELANCHOLY,
WhenIgomusingallalone
Thinkingofdiversthingsforeknown.
WhenIbuildcastlesintheair,
Voidofsorrowandvoidoffear,
Pleasingmyselfwithphantasmssweet,
Methinksthetimerunsveryfleet.
Allmyjoystothisarefolly,
Naughtsosweetasmelancholy.
WhenIliewakingallalone,
RecountingwhatIhaveilldone,
Mythoughtsonmethentyrannise,
Fearandsorrowmesurprise,
WhetherItarrystillorgo,
Methinksthetimemovesveryslow.
Allmygriefstothisarejolly,
Naughtsomadasmelancholy.
WhentomyselfIactandsmile,
Withpleasingthoughtsthetimebeguile,
Byabrooksideorwoodsogreen,
Unheard,unsoughtfor,orunseen,
Athousandpleasuresdomebless,
Andcrownmysoulwithhappiness.
Allmyjoysbesidesarefolly,
Nonesosweetasmelancholy.
WhenIlie,sit,orwalkalone,
Isigh,Igrieve,makinggreatmoan,
Inadarkgrove,orirksomeden,
WithdiscontentsandFuriesthen,
Athousandmiseriesatonce
Mineheavyheartandsoulensconce,
Nonesosourasmelancholy.
MethinksIhear,methinksIsee,
Sweetmusic,wondrousmelody,
Towns,palaces,andcitiesfine
Herenow,thentheretheworldismine,
Rarebeauties,gallantladiesshine,
Whate'erislovelyordivine.
Allotherjoystothisarefolly,
Nonesosweetasmelancholy.
MethinksIhear,methinksIsee
Ghosts,goblins,fiendsmyphantasy
Presentsathousanduglyshapes,
Headlessbears,blackmen,andapes,
Dolefuloutcries,andfearfulsights,
Mysadanddismalsoulaffrights.
Nonesodamn'dasmelancholy.
MethinksIcourt,methinksIkiss,
MethinksInowembracemymistress.
Oblesseddays,Osweetcontent,
InParadisemytimeisspent.
Suchthoughtsmaystillmyfancymove,
SomayIeverbeinlove.
WhenIrecountlove'smanyfrights,
Mysighsandtears,mywakingnights,
MyjealousfitsOminehardfate
Inowrepent,but'tistoolate.
9/48
22/03/2015
Notormentissobadaslove,
Sobittertomysoulcanprove.
Naughtsoharshasmelancholy.
Friendsandcompanionsgetyougone,
'Tismydesiretobealone
Ne'erwellbutwhenmythoughtsandI
Dodomineerinprivacy.
NoGem,notreasureliketothis,
'Tismydelight,mycrown,mybliss.
'Tismysoleplaguetobealone,
Iamabeast,amonstergrown,
Iwillnolightnorcompany,
Ifinditnowmymisery.
Thesceneisturn'd,myjoysaregone,
Fear,discontent,andsorrowscome.
Naughtsofierceasmelancholy.
I'llnotchangelifewithanyking,
Iravishtam:cantheworldbring
Morejoy,thanstilltolaughandsmile,
Inpleasanttoystimetobeguile?
Donot,Odonottroubleme,
SosweetcontentIfeelandsee.
Nonesodivineasmelancholy.
I'llchangemystatewithanywretch,
Thoucanstfromgaolordunghillfetch
Mypain'spastcure,anotherhell,
Imaynotinthistormentdwell!
NowdesperateIhatemylife,
Lendmeahalteroraknife
Naughtsodamn'dasmelancholy.
DEMOCRITUSJUNIORTOTHEREADER.
Gentlereader,Ipresumethouwiltbeveryinquisitivetoknowwhatanticorpersonateactorthisis,thatsoinsolentlyintrudesuponthiscommontheatre,tothe
world'sview,arrogatinganotherman'snamewhenceheis,whyhedothit,andwhathehathtosayalthough,as[7]hesaid,Primumsinoluero,nonrespondebo,
quiscoacturusest?Iamafreemanborn,andmaychoosewhetherIwilltellwhocancompelme?IfIbeurged,IwillasreadilyreplyasthatEgyptianin
[8]Plutarch,whenacuriousfellowwouldneedsknowwhathehadinhisbasket,Quumvidesvelatam,quidinquirisinremabsconditam?Itwasthereforecovered,
becauseheshouldnotknowwhatwasinit.Seeknotafterthatwhichishidifthecontentspleasethee,[9]andbeforthyuse,supposetheManintheMoon,or
whomthouwilttobetheauthorIwouldnotwillinglybeknown.Yetinsomesorttogivetheesatisfaction,whichismorethanIneed,Iwillshowareason,bothof
thisusurpedname,title,andsubject.AndfirstofthenameofDemocrituslestanyman,byreasonofit,shouldbedeceived,expectingapasquil,asatire,some
ridiculoustreatise(asImyselfshouldhavedone),someprodigioustenet,orparadoxoftheearth'smotion,ofinfiniteworlds,ininfinitovacuo,exfortuitaatomorum
collisione,inaninfinitewaste,socausedbyanaccidentalcollisionofmotesinthesun,allwhichDemocritusheld,EpicurusandtheirmasterLucippusofold
maintained,andarelatelyrevivedbyCopernicus,Brunus,andsomeothers.Besides,ithathbeenalwaysanordinarycustom,as[10]Gelliusobserves,forlater
writersandimpostors,tobroachmanyabsurdandinsolentfictions,underthenameofsonobleaphilosopherasDemocritus,togetthemselvescredit,andbythat
meansthemoretoberespected,asartificersusuallydo,NovoquimarmoriascribuntPraxatilemsuo.'Tisnotsowithme.
[11]NonhicCentaurus,nonGorgonas,Harpyasque
Invenies,hominempaginanostrasapit.
NoCentaurshere,orGorgonslooktofind,
Mysubjectisofmanandhumankind.
Thouthyselfartthesubjectofmydiscourse.
[12]Quicquidagunthomines,votum,timor,ira,voluptas,
Gaudia,discursus,nostrifarragolibelli.
Whate'ermendo,vows,fears,inire,insport,
Joys,wand'rings,arethesumofmyreport.
Myintentisnootherwisetousehisname,thanMercuriusGallobelgicus,MercuriusBritannicus,usethenameofMercury,[13]DemocritusChristianus,&c.
althoughtherebesomeothercircumstancesforwhichIhavemaskedmyselfunderthisvizard,andsomepeculiarrespectwhichIcannotsowellexpress,untilIhave
setdownabriefcharacterofthisourDemocritus,whathewas,withanepitomeofhislife.
Democritus,asheisdescribedby[14]Hippocratesand[15]Laertius,wasalittlewearisholdman,verymelancholybynature,aversefromcompanyinhislatterdays,
[16]andmuchgiventosolitariness,afamousphilosopherinhisage,[17]coaevuswithSocrates,whollyaddictedtohisstudiesatthelast,andtoaprivatelife:wrote
manyexcellentworks,agreatdivine,accordingtothedivinityofthosetimes,anexpertphysician,apolitician,anexcellentmathematician,as[18]Diacosmusand
therestofhisworksdowitness.Hewasmuchdelightedwiththestudiesofhusbandry,saith[19]Columella,andoftenIfindhimcitedby[20]Constantinusand
otherstreatingofthatsubject.Heknewthenatures,differencesofallbeasts,plants,fishes,birdsand,assomesay,could[21]understandthetunesandvoicesof
them.Inaword,hewasomnifariamdoctus,ageneralscholar,agreatstudentandtotheintenthemightbettercontemplate,[22]Ifinditrelatedbysome,thatheput
outhiseyes,andwasinhisoldagevoluntarilyblind,yetsawmorethanallGreecebesides,and[23]writofeverysubject,Nihilintotoopificionaturae,dequonon
scripsit.[24]Amanofanexcellentwit,profoundconceitandtoattainknowledgethebetterinhisyoungeryears,hetravelledtoEgyptand[25]Athens,toconfer
withlearnedmen,[26]admiredofsome,despisedofothers.Afterawanderinglife,hesettledatAbdera,atowninThrace,andwassentforthithertobetheir
lawmaker,recorder,ortownclerk,assomewillorasothers,hewastherebredandborn.Howsoeveritwas,therehelivedatlastinagardeninthesuburbs,wholly
betakinghimselftohisstudiesandaprivatelife,[27]savingthatsometimeshewouldwalkdowntothehaven,[28]andlaughheartilyatsuchvarietyofridiculous
objects,whichtherehesaw.SuchaonewasDemocritus.
Butinthemeantime,howdoththisconcernme,oruponwhatreferencedoIusurphishabit?Iconfess,indeed,thattocomparemyselfuntohimforaughtIhaveyet
said,werebothimpudencyandarrogancy.Idonotpresumetomakeanyparallel,Antistatmihimillibustrecentis,[29]parvussum,nullussum,altumnecspiro,nec
spero.YetthusmuchIwillsayofmyself,andthatIhopewithoutallsuspicionofpride,orselfconceit,Ihavelivedasilent,sedentary,solitary,privatelife,mihiet
musisintheUniversity,aslongalmostasXenocratesinAthens,adsenectamferetolearnwisdomashedid,pennedupmostpartinmystudy.ForIhavebeen
broughtupastudentinthemostflourishingcollegeofEurope,[30]augustissimocollegio,andcanbragwith[31]Jovius,almost,inealucedomiciliiVacicani,totius
10/48
22/03/2015
orbisceleberrimi,per37annosmultaopportunaquedidiciforthirtyyearsIhavecontinued(havingtheuseofasgood[32]librariesaseverhehad)ascholar,and
wouldbethereforeloath,eitherbylivingasadrone,tobeanunprofitableorunworthymemberofsolearnedandnobleasociety,ortowritethatwhichshouldbe
anywaydishonourabletosucharoyalandamplefoundation.SomethingIhavedone,thoughbymyprofessionadivine,yetturbineraptusingenii,as[33]hesaid,
outofarunningwit,anunconstant,unsettledmind,Ihadagreatdesire(notabletoattaintoasuperficialskillinany)tohavesomesmatteringinall,tobealiquisin
omnibus,nullusinsingulis,[34]which[35]Platocommends,outofhim[36]Lipsiusapprovesandfurthers,asfittobeimprintedinallcuriouswits,nottobea
slaveofonescience,ordwellaltogetherinonesubject,asmostdo,buttoroveabroad,centumpuerartium,tohaveanoarineveryman'sboat,to[37]tasteofevery
dish,andsipofeverycup,which,saith[38]Montaigne,waswellperformedbyAristotle,andhislearnedcountrymanAdrianTurnebus.Thisrovinghumour(though
notwithlikesuccess)Ihaveeverhad,andlikearangingspaniel,thatbarksateverybirdhesees,leavinghisgame,Ihavefollowedall,savingthatwhichIshould,
andmayjustlycomplain,andtruly,quiubiqueest,nusquamest,[39]which[40]Gesnerdidinmodesty,thatIhavereadmanybooks,buttolittlepurpose,forwantof
goodmethodIhaveconfusedlytumbledoverdiversauthorsinourlibraries,withsmallprofit,forwantofart,order,memory,judgment.Inevertravelledbutinmap
orcard,inwhichmineunconfinedthoughtshavefreelyexpatiated,ashavingeverbeenespeciallydelightedwiththestudyofCosmography.[41]Saturnwaslordof
mygeniture,culminating,&c.,andMarsprincipalsignificatorofmanners,inpartileconjunctionwithmyascendantbothfortunateintheirhouses,&c.Iamnot
poor,Iamnotrichnihilest,nihildeest,Ihavelittle,Iwantnothing:allmytreasureisinMinerva'stower.GreaterprefermentasIcouldneverget,soamInotin
debtforit,Ihaveacompetence(lausDeo)frommynobleandmunificentpatrons,thoughIlivestillacollegiatestudent,asDemocritusinhisgarden,andleada
monasticlife,ipsemihitheatrum,sequesteredfromthosetumultsandtroublesoftheworld,Ettanquaminspeculapositus,([42]ashesaid)insomehighplaceabove
youall,likeStoicusSapiens,omniasaecula,praeteritapresentiaquevidens,unovelutintuitu,Ihearandseewhatisdoneabroad,howothers[43]run,ride,turmoil,
andmaceratethemselvesincourtandcountry,farfromthosewranglinglawsuits,auliavanitatem,foriambitionem,rideremecumsoleo:Ilaughatall,[44]only
secure,lestmysuitgoamiss,myshipsperish,cornandcattlemiscarry,tradedecay,Ihavenowifenorchildrengoodorbadtoprovidefor.Amerespectatorof
othermen'sfortunesandadventures,andhowtheyacttheirparts,whichmethinksarediverselypresenteduntome,asfromacommontheatreorscene.Ihearnew
newseveryday,andthoseordinaryrumoursofwar,plagues,fires,inundations,thefts,murders,massacres,meteors,comets,spectrums,prodigies,apparitions,of
townstaken,citiesbesiegedinFrance,Germany,Turkey,Persia,Poland,&c.,dailymustersandpreparations,andsuchlike,whichthesetempestuoustimesafford,
battlesfought,somanymenslain,monomachies,shipwrecks,piraciesandseafightspeace,leagues,stratagems,andfreshalarms.Avastconfusionofvows,
wishes,actions,edicts,petitions,lawsuits,pleas,laws,proclamations,complaints,grievancesaredailybroughttoourears.Newbookseveryday,pamphlets,
corantoes,stories,wholecataloguesofvolumesofallsorts,newparadoxes,opinions,schisms,heresies,controversiesinphilosophy,religion,&c.Nowcometidings
ofweddings,maskings,mummeries,entertainments,jubilees,embassies,tiltsandtournaments,trophies,triumphs,revels,sports,plays:thenagain,asinanew
shiftedscene,treasons,cheatingtricks,robberies,enormousvillainiesinallkinds,funerals,burials,deathsofprinces,newdiscoveries,expeditions,nowcomical,
thentragicalmatters.Todaywehearofnewlordsandofficerscreated,tomorrowofsomegreatmendeposed,andthenagainoffreshhonoursconferredoneislet
loose,anotherimprisonedonepurchaseth,anotherbreaketh:hethrives,hisneighbourturnsbankruptnowplenty,thenagaindearthandfamineoneruns,another
rides,wrangles,laughs,weeps,&c.ThisIdailyhear,andsuchlike,bothprivateandpublicnews,amidstthegallantryandmiseryoftheworldjollity,pride,
perplexitiesandcares,simplicityandvillainysubtlety,knavery,candourandintegrity,mutuallymixedandofferingthemselvesIrubonprivusprivatusasIhave
stilllived,soInowcontinue,statuquoprius,lefttoasolitarylife,andmineowndomesticdiscontents:savingthatsometimes,nequidmentiar,asDiogeneswent
intothecity,andDemocritustothehaventoseefashions,Ididformyrecreationnowandthenwalkabroad,lookintotheworld,andcouldnotchoosebutmake
somelittleobservation,nontamsagaxobservatoracsimplexrecitator,[45]notastheydid,toscofforlaughatall,butwithamixedpassion.
[46]Bilemsaepe,jocumvestrimoveretumultus.
Yewretchedmimics,whosefondheatshavebeen,
Howoft!theobjectsofmymirthandspleen.
IdidsometimelaughandscoffwithLucian,andsatiricallytaxwithMenippus,lamentwithHeraclitus,sometimesagainIwas[47]petulantisplenechachinno,and
thenagain,[48]urerebilisjecur,IwasmuchmovedtoseethatabusewhichIcouldnotmend.InwhichpassionhowsoeverImaysympathisewithhimorthem,'tis
fornosuchrespectIshroudmyselfunderhisnamebuteitherinanunknownhabittoassumealittlemorelibertyandfreedomofspeech,orifyouwillneedsknow,
forthatreasonandonlyrespectwhichHippocratesrelatesatlargeinhisEpistletoDamegetus,whereinhedothexpress,howcomingtovisithimoneday,hefound
DemocritusinhisgardenatAbdera,inthesuburbs,[49]underashadybower,[50]withabookonhisknees,busyathisstudy,sometimeswriting,sometimes
walking.Thesubjectofhisbookwasmelancholyandmadnessabouthimlaythecarcasesofmanyseveralbeasts,newlybyhimcutupandanatomisednotthathe
didcontemnGod'screatures,ashetoldHippocrates,buttofindouttheseatofthisatrabilis,ormelancholy,whenceitproceeds,andhowitwasengenderedinmen's
bodies,totheintenthemightbettercureitinhimself,andbyhiswritingsandobservation[51]teachothershowtopreventandavoidit.Whichgoodintentofhis,
Hippocrateshighlycommended:DemocritusJunioristhereforeboldtoimitate,andbecauseheleftitimperfect,anditisnowlost,quasisuccenturiatorDemocriti,to
reviveagain,prosecute,andfinishinthistreatise.
Youhavehadareasonofthename.Ifthetitleandinscriptionoffendyourgravity,wereitasufficientjustificationtoaccuseothers,Icouldproducemanysober
treatises,evensermonsthemselves,whichintheirfrontscarrymorefantasticalnames.Howsoever,itisakindofpolicyinthesedays,toprefixafantasticaltitletoa
bookwhichistobesoldfor,aslarkscomedowntoadaynet,manyvainreaderswilltarryandstandgazinglikesillypassengersatananticpictureinapainter's
shop,thatwillnotlookatajudiciouspiece.And,indeed,as[52]Scaligerobserves,nothingmoreinvitesareaderthananargumentunlookedfor,unthoughtof,and
sellsbetterthanascurrilepamphlet,tummaximecumnovitasexcitat[53]palatum.Manymen,saithGellius,areveryconceitedintheirinscriptions,andable
(as[54]PlinyquotesoutofSeneca)tomakehimloiterbythewaythatwentinhastetofetchamidwifeforhisdaughter,nowreadytoliedown.Formypart,I
havehonourable[55]precedentsforthiswhichIhavedone:Iwillciteoneforall,AnthonyZara,Pap.Epis.,hisAnatomyofWit,infoursections,members,
subsections,&c.,tobereadinourlibraries.
Ifanymanexceptagainstthematterormanneroftreatingofthismysubject,andwilldemandareasonofit,IcanallegemorethanoneIwriteofmelancholy,by
beingbusytoavoidmelancholy.Thereisnogreatercauseofmelancholythanidleness,nobettercurethanbusiness,as[56]Rhasisholds:andhowbeit,stultus
laborestineptiarum,tobebusyintoysistosmallpurpose,yethearthatdivineSeneca,aliudagerequamnihil,betterdotonoend,thannothing.Iwrotetherefore,
andbusiedmyselfinthisplayinglabour,oliosaquediligentiautvitaremtorporumferiandiwithVectiusinMacrobius,atqueotiuminutileverteremnegatium.
[57]Simuletjucundaetidoneadicerevita,
Lectoremdelectandosimulatquemonendo.
Poetswouldprofitordelightmankind,
Andwiththepleasinghaveth'instructivejoined.
Profitandpleasure,then,tomixwithart,
T'informthejudgment,noroffendtheheart,
Shallgainallvotes.
TothisendIwrite,likethem,saithLucian,thatrecitetotrees,anddeclaimtopillarsforwantofauditors:as[58]PaulusAeginetaingenuouslyconfesseth,not
thatanythingwasunknownoromitted,buttoexercisemyself,whichcourseifsometook,Ithinkitwouldbegoodfortheirbodies,andmuchbetterfortheirsouls
orperadventureasothersdo,forfame,toshowmyself(Sciretuumnihilest,nisitescirehocsciatalter).ImightbeofThucydides'opinion,[59]toknowathingand
nottoexpressit,isalloneasifheknewitnot.WhenIfirsttookthistaskinhand,etquodait[60]ille,impellentsgenionegotiumsuscepi,thisIaimedat[61]velut
leniremanimumscribendo,toeasemymindbywritingforIhadgravidumcor,foetumcaput,akindofimposthumeinmyhead,whichIwasverydesiroustobe
unladenof,andcouldimaginenofitterevacuationthanthis.Besides,Imightnotwellrefrain,forubidolor,ibidigitus,onemustneedsscratchwhereititches.Iwas
notalittleoffendedwiththismalady,shallIsaymymistressMelancholy,myAegeria,ormymalusgenius?andforthatcause,ashethatisstungwithascorpion,I
wouldexpelclavumclavo,[62]comfortonesorrowwithanother,idlenesswithidleness,utexviperaTheriacum,makeanantidoteoutofthatwhichwastheprime
causeofmydisease.Orashedid,ofwhom[63]FelixPlaterspeaks,thatthoughthehadsomeofAristophanes'frogsinhisbelly,stillcryingBreec,okex,coax,coax,
oop,oop,andforthatcausestudiedphysicsevenyears,andtravelledovermostpartofEuropetoeasehimself.TodomyselfgoodIturnedoversuchphysiciansas
ourlibrarieswouldafford,ormy[64]privatefriendsimpart,andhavetakenthispains.Andwhynot?Cardanprofessethhewrotehisbook,DeConsolationeafterhis
son'sdeath,tocomforthimselfsodidTullywriteofthesamesubjectwithlikeintentafterhisdaughter'sdeparture,ifitbehisatleast,orsomeimpostor'sputoutin
hisname,whichLipsiusprobablysuspects.Concerningmyself,IcanperadventureaffirmwithMariusinSallust,[65]thatwhichothershearorreadof,Ifeltand
practisedmyselftheygettheirknowledgebybooks,Iminebymelancholising.ExpertocredeRoberto.SomethingIcanspeakoutofexperience,aerumnabilis
experientiamedocuitandwithherinthepoet,[66]HaudignaramalimiserissuccurrerediscoIwouldhelpothersoutofafellowfeelingand,asthatvirtuouslady
didofold,[67]beingaleperherself,bestowallherportiontobuildanhospitalforlepers,Iwillspendmytimeandknowledge,whicharemygreatestfortunes,for
thecommongoodofall.
11/48
22/03/2015
Yea,butyouwillinferthatthisis[68]actumagere,anunnecessarywork,crambenbiscoctamapponnere,thesameagainandagaininotherwords.Towhat
purpose?[69]Nothingisomittedthatmaywellbesaid,sothoughtLucianintheliketheme.Howmanyexcellentphysicianshavewrittenjustvolumesand
elaboratetractsofthissubject?NonewsherethatwhichIhaveisstolen,fromothers,[70]Dicitquemihimeapaginafures.Ifthatseveredoomof[71]Synesiusbe
true,itisagreateroffencetostealdeadmen'slabours,thantheirclothes,whatshallbecomeofmostwriters?Iholdupmyhandatthebaramongothers,andam
guiltyoffelonyinthiskind,habesconfitentemreum,Iamcontenttobepressedwiththerest.'Tismosttrue,tenetinsanabilemultosscribendicacoethes,and
[72]thereisnoendofwritingofbooks,asthewisemanfoundofold,inthis[73]scribblingage,especiallywherein[74]thenumberofbooksiswithoutnumber,
(asaworthymansaith,)pressesbeoppressed,andoutofanitchinghumourthateverymanhathtoshowhimself,[75]desirousoffameandhonour(scribimus
indoctidoctique)hewillwritenomatterwhat,andscrapetogetheritbootsnotwhence.[76]Bewitchedwiththisdesireoffame,etiammediisinmorbis,tothe
disparagementoftheirhealth,andscarceabletoholdapen,theymustsaysomething,[77]andgetthemselvesaname,saithScaliger,thoughitbetothedownfall
andruinofmanyothers.Tobecountedwriters,scriptoresutsalutentur,tobethoughtandheldpolymathsandpolyhistors,apudimperitumvulgusobventosae
nomenartis,togetapaperkingdom:nullaspequaestussedamplafamae,inthisprecipitate,ambitiousage,nuncutestsaeculum,interimmaturameruditionem,
ambitiosumetpraeceps('tis[78]Scaliger'scensure)andtheythatarescarceauditors,vixauditores,mustbemastersandteachers,beforetheybecapableandfit
hearers.Theywillrushintoalllearning,togatamarmatam,divine,humanauthors,rakeoverallindexesandpamphletsfornotes,asourmerchantsdostrangehavens
fortraffic,writegreattomes,Cumnonsintreveradoctiores,sedloquaciores,whereastheyarenottherebybetterscholars,butgreaterpraters.Theycommonly
pretendpublicgood,butas[79]Gesnerobserves,'tisprideandvanitythateggsthemonnonewsoraughtworthyofnote,butthesameinotherterms.Neferiarentur
fortassetypographivelideoscribendumestaliquidutsevixissetestentur.Asapothecarieswemakenewmixtureseveryday,pouroutofonevesselintoanotherand
asthoseoldRomansrobbedallthecitiesoftheworld,tosetouttheirbadsitedRome,weskimoffthecreamofothermen'swits,pickthechoiceflowersoftheir
tilledgardenstosetoutourownsterileplots.Castrantaliosutlibrossuospersegracilesalienoadipesuffarciant(so[80]Joviusinveighs.)Theylardtheirleanbooks
withthefatofothers'works.Ineruditifures,&c.Afaultthateverywriterfinds,asIdonow,andyetfaultythemselves,[81]Triumliterarumhomines,allthieves
theypilferoutofoldwriterstostuffuptheirnewcomments,scrapeEnnius'dunghills,andoutof[82]Democritus'pit,asIhavedone.Bywhichmeansitcomesto
pass,[83]thatnotonlylibrariesandshopsarefullofourputridpapers,buteveryclosestoolandjakes,Scribuntcarminaquaeleguntcacantestheyservetoput
underpies,to[84]lapspicein,andkeeproastmeatfromburning.WithusinFrance,saith[85]Scaliger,everymanhathlibertytowrite,butfewability.
[86]Heretoforelearningwasgracedbyjudiciousscholars,butnownoblesciencesarevilifiedbybaseandilliteratescribblers,thateitherwriteforvainglory,need,
togetmoney,orasParasitestoflatterandcolloguewithsomegreatmen,theyputcut[87]burras,quisquiliasqueineptiasque.[88]Amongstsomanythousand
authorsyoushallscarcefindone,byreadingofwhomyoushallbeanywhitbetter,butrathermuchworse,quibusinficiturpotius,quamperficitur,bywhichheis
ratherinfectedthananywayperfected.
[89]Quitalialegit,
Quiddidicittandem,quidscitnisisomnia,nugas?
Sothatoftentimesitfallsout(whichCallimachustaxedofold)agreatbookisagreatmischief.[90]CardanfindsfaultwithFrenchmenandGermans,fortheir
scribblingtonopurpose,noninquitabedendodeterreo,modonovumaliquidinveniant,hedothnotbarthemtowrite,sothatitbesomenewinventionoftheirown
butweweavethesamewebstill,twistthesameropeagainandagainorifitbeanewinvention,'tisbutsomebaubleortoywhichidlefellowswrite,forasidle
fellowstoread,andwhosocannotinvent?[91]Hemusthaveabarrenwit,thatinthisscribblingagecanforgenothing.[92]Princesshowtheirarmies,richmen
vaunttheirbuildings,soldierstheirmanhood,andscholarsventtheirtoystheymustread,theymusthearwhethertheywillorno.
[93]Etquodcunquesemelchartisilleverit,omnes
Gestietafurnoredeuntesscirelacuque,
Etpuerosetanus
Whatonceissaidandwrit,allmenmustknow,
Oldwivesandchildrenastheycomeandgo.
Whatacompanyofpoetshaththisyearbroughtout,asPlinycomplainstoSossiusSinesius.[94]ThisAprileverydaysomeorotherhaverecited.Whata
catalogueofnewbooksallthisyear,allthisage(Isay),haveourFrankfortMarts,ourdomesticMartsbroughtout?Twiceayear,[95]Proferuntsenovaingeniaet
ostentant,westretchourwitsout,andsetthemtosale,magnoconatunihilagimus.Sothatwhich[96]Gesnermuchdesires,ifaspeedyreformationbenothad,by
someprince'sedictsandgravesupervisors,torestrainthisliberty,itwillrunonininfinitum.Quistamaviduslibrorumhelluo,whocanreadthem?Asalready,we
shallhaveavastchaosandconfusionofbooks,weare[97]oppressedwiththem,[98]oureyesachewithreading,ourfingerswithturning.FormypartIamoneof
thenumber,nosnumerussumus,(wearemereciphers):Idonotdenyit,IhaveonlythisofMacrobiustosayformyself,Omnemeum,nihilmeum,'tisallmine,and
nonemine.Asagoodhousewifeoutofdiversfleecesweavesonepieceofcloth,abeegatherswaxandhoneyoutofmanyflowers,andmakesanewbundleofall,
Floriferisutapesinsaltibusomnialibant,Ihavelaboriously[99]collectedthiscentooutofdiverswriters,andthatsineinjuria,Ihavewrongednoauthors,butgiven
everymanhisownwhich[100]HieromsomuchcommendsinNepotianhestolenotwholeverses,pages,tracts,assomedonowadays,concealingtheirauthors'
names,butstillsaidthiswasCyprian's,thatLactantius,thatHilarius,sosaidMinutiusFelix,soVictorinus,thusfarArnobius:Iciteandquotemineauthors(which,
howsoeversomeilliteratescribblersaccountpedantical,asacloakofignorance,andoppositetotheiraffectedfinestyle,Imustandwilluse)sumpsi,nonsuripui
andwhatVarro,lib.6.dererust.speaksofbees,minimemaleficaenulliusopusvellicantesfaciuntdelerius,Icansayofmyself,WhomhaveIinjured?Thematteris
theirsmostpart,andyetmine,apparetundesumptumsit(whichSenecaapproves),aliudtamenquamundesumptumsitapparet,whichnaturedothwiththealiment
ofourbodiesincorporate,digest,assimilate,Idoconcoquerequodhausi,disposeofwhatItake.Imakethempaytribute,tosetoutthismyMaceronicon,themethod
onlyismineown,Imustusurpthatof[101]WeckereTer.nihildictumquodnondictumprius,methodussolaartificemostendit,wecansaynothingbutwhathath
beensaid,thecompositionandmethodisoursonly,andshowsascholar.Oribasius,Aesius,Avicenna,havealloutofGalen,buttotheirownmethod,diversostilo,
nondiversafide.OurpoetsstealfromHomerhespews,saithAelian,theylickitup.DivinesuseAustin'swordsverbatimstill,andourstorydressersdoasmuchhe
thatcomeslastiscommonlybest,
donecquidgrandiusaetas
Posterasorsqueferatmelior.[102]
Thoughthereweremanygiantsofoldinphysicandphilosophy,yetIsaywith[103]DidacusStella,Adwarfstandingontheshouldersofagiantmayseefarther
thanagianthimselfImaylikelyadd,alter,andseefartherthanmypredecessorsanditisnogreaterprejudiceformetoinditeafterothers,thanforAelianus
Montaltus,thatfamousphysician,towritedemorbiscapitisafterJasonPratensis,Heurnius,Hildesheim,&c.,manyhorsestoruninarace,onelogician,one
rhetorician,afteranother.Opposethenwhatthouwilt,
Allatreslicetusquenosetusque
Etgannitibusimprobislacessas.
Isolveitthus.Andforthoseotherfaultsofbarbarism,[104]Doricdialect,extemporaneanstyle,tautologies,apishimitation,arhapsodyofragsgatheredtogether
fromseveraldunghills,excrementsofauthors,toysandfopperiesconfusedlytumbledout,withoutart,invention,judgment,wit,learning,harsh,raw,rude,
fantastical,absurd,insolent,indiscreet,illcomposed,indigested,vain,scurrile,idle,dull,anddryIconfessall('tispartlyaffected),thoucanstnotthinkworseofme
thanIdoofmyself.'Tisnotworththereading,Iyieldit,Idesiretheenottolosetimeinperusingsovainasubject,Ishouldbeperadventureloathmyselftoreadhim
ortheesowriting'tisnotoperae,pretium.AllIsayisthis,thatIhave[105]precedentsforit,whichIsocratescallsperfugiumiisquipeccant,othersasabsurd,vain,
idle,illiterate,&c.Nonnullialiiidemfeceruntothershavedoneasmuch,itmaybemore,andperhapsthouthyself,Novimusetquite,&c.Wehaveallourfaults
scimus,ethanc,veniaim,&c.[106]thoucensurestme,sohaveIdoneothers,andmaydothee,Cedimusinquevicem,&c.,'tislextalionis,quidproquo.Gonow,
censure,criticise,scoff,andrail.
[107]Nasutuscisusquelicet,sisdeniquenasus:
Nonpotesinnugasdicereplurameas,
Ipseegoquamdixi,&c.
Wertthouallscoffsandflouts,averyMomus,
Thanweourselves,thoucanstnotsayworseofus.
Thus,aswhenwomenscold,haveIcriedwhorefirst,andinsomemen'scensuresIamafraidIhaveovershotmyself,Laudaresevani,vituperarestulti,asIdonot
arrogate,Iwillnotderogate.Primusvestrumnonsum,necimus,Iamnoneofthebest,Iamnoneofthemeanestofyou.AsIamaninch,orsomanyfeet,somany
parasangs,afterhimorhim,Imaybeperadventureanacebeforethee.Beitthereforeasitis,wellorill,Ihaveessayed,putmyselfuponthestageImustabidethe
censure,Imaynotescapeit.Itismosttrue,stylusvirumarguit,ourstylebewraysus,andas[108]huntersfindtheirgamebythetrace,soisaman'sgeniusdescried
byhisworks,Multomeliusexsermonequamlineamentis,demoribushominumjudicamusitwasoldCato'srule.Ihavelaidmyselfopen(Iknowit)inthistreatise,
turnedmineinsideoutward:Ishallbecensured,Idoubtnotfor,tosaytruthwithErasmus,nihilmorosiushominumjudiciis,thereisnoughtsopeevishasmen's
judgmentsyetthisissomecomfort,utpalata,sicjudicia,ourcensuresareasvariousasourpalates.
12/48
22/03/2015
[109]Tresmihiconvivaepropedissentirevidentur,
Poscentesvariomultumdiversapalato,&c.
ThreeguestsIhave,dissentingatmyfeast,
Requiringeachtogratifyhistaste
Withdifferentfood.
Ourwritingsareassomanydishes,ourreadersguests,ourbookslikebeauty,thatwhichoneadmiresanotherrejectssoareweapprovedasmen'sfanciesare
inclined.Procaptulectorishabentsuafatalibelli..Thatwhichismostpleasingtooneisamaracumsui,mostharshtoanother.Quothomines,totsententiae,somany
men,somanyminds:thatwhichthoucondemnesthecommends.[110]Quodpetis,idsaneestinvisumacidumqueduobus.Herespectsmatter,thouartwhollyfor
wordshelovesalooseandfreestyle,thouartallforneatcomposition,stronglines,hyperboles,allegorieshedesiresafinefrontispiece,enticingpictures,suchas
[111]Hieron.NatalitheJesuithathcuttotheDominicals,todrawonthereader'sattention,whichthourejectestthatwhichoneadmires,anotherexplodesasmost
absurdandridiculous.Ifitbenotpointblanktohishumour,hismethod,hisconceit,[112]siquid,forsanomissum,quodisanimoconceperit,siquaedictio,&c.If
aughtbeomitted,oradded,whichhelikes,ordislikes,thouartmancipiumpaucaelectionis,anidiot,anass,nulluses,orplagiarius,atrifler,atrivant,thouartan
idlefelloworelseitisathingofmereindustry,acollectionwithoutwitorinvention,averytoy.[113]Faciliasicputantomnesquaejamfacta,necdesalebris
cogitant,ubiviastratasomenarevalued,theirlaboursvilifiedbyfellowsofnoworththemselves,asthingsofnought,whocouldnothavedoneasmuch.
Unusquisqueabundatsensusuo,everymanaboundsinhisownsenseandwhilsteachparticularpartyissoaffected,howshouldonepleaseall?
[114]Quiddem?quidnondem?Renuistuquodjubetille.
WhatcoursesmustIchoose?
Whatnot?Whatbothwouldorderyourefuse.
HowshallIhopetoexpressmyselftoeachman'shumourand[115]conceit,ortogivesatisfactiontoall?Someunderstandtoolittle,sometoomuch,quisimiliterin
legendoslibros,atqueinsalutandoshominesirruunt,noncogitantesquales,sedquibusvestibusindutisint,as[116]Austinobserves,notregardingwhat,butwho
write,[117]orexinhabetauctorescelebritas,notvaluingthemetal,butstampthatisuponit,Cantharumaspiciunt,nonquidineo.Ifhebenotrich,ingreatplace,
politeandbrave,agreatdoctor,orfullfraughtwithgrandtitles,thoughneversowellqualified,heisaduncebut,as[118]BaroniushathitofCardinalCaraffa's
works,heisamerehogthatrejectsanymanforhispoverty.Somearetoopartial,asfriendstooverween,otherscomewithaprejudicetocarp,vilify,detract,and
scoff(quidemeforsan,quicquidest,omnicontemptucontemptiusjudicant)someasbeesforhoney,someasspiderstogatherpoison.WhatshallIdointhiscase?
AsaDutchhost,ifyoucometoaninnin.Germany,anddislikeyourfare,diet,lodging,&c.,repliesinasurlytone,[119]aliudtibiquaerasdiversorium,ifyoulike
notthis,getyoutoanotherinn:Iresolve,ifyoulikenotmywriting,goreadsomethingelse.Idonotmuchesteemthycensure,takethycourse,itisnotasthouwilt,
norasIwill,butwhenwehavebothdone,thatof[120]PliniusSecundustoTrajanwillprovetrue,Everyman'swittylabourtakesnot,exceptthematter,subject,
occasion,andsomecommendingfavouritehappentoit.IfIbetaxed,explodedbytheeandsomesuch,Ishallhaplybeapprovedandcommendedbyothers,andso
havebeen(Expertusloquor),andmaytrulysaywith[121]Joviusinlikecase,(absitverbojactantia)heroumquorundam,pontificum,etvirorumnobilium
familiaritatemetamicitiam,gratasquegratias,etmultorum[122]benelaudatorumlaudessumindepromeritus,asIhavebeenhonouredbysomeworthymen,so
haveIbeenvilifiedbyothers,andshallbe.Atthefirstpublishingofthisbook,(which[123]ProbusofPersiussatires),editumlibrumcontinuomirarihomines,atque
avidederiperecaeperunt,Imayinsomesortapplytothismywork.Thefirst,second,andthirdeditionweresuddenlygone,eagerlyread,and,asIhavesaid,notso
muchapprovedbysome,asscornfullyrejectedbyothers.ButitwasDemocritushisfortune,Idemadmirationiet[124]irrisionihabitus.'TwasSeneca'sfate,that
superintendentofwit,learning,judgment,[125]adstuporemdoctus,thebestofGreekandLatinwriters,inPlutarch'sopinionthatrenownedcorrectorofvice,as,
[126]Fabiustermshim,andpainfulomnisciousphilosopher,thatwritsoexcellentlyandadmirablywell,couldnotpleaseallparties,orescapecensure.Howishe
vilifiedby[127]Caligula,Agellius,Fabius,andLipsiushimself,hischiefpropugner?Ineopleraquepernitiosa,saiththesameFabius,manychildishtractsand
sentenceshehath,sermoillaboratus,toonegligentoftenandremiss,asAgelliusobserves,oratiovulgarisetprotrita,dicacesetineptae,sententiae,eruditioplebeia,
anhomelyshallowwriterasheis.Inpartibusspinasetfastidiahabet,saith[128]Lipsiusand,asinallhisotherworks,soespeciallyinhisepistles,aliaeinargutiiset
ineptiisoccupantur,intricatusalicubi,etparumcompositus,sinecopiarerumhocfecit,hejumblesupmanythingstogetherimmethodically,aftertheStoics'fashion,
parumordinavit,multaaccumulavit,&c.IfSenecabethuslashed,andmanyfamousmenthatIcouldname,whatshallIexpect?HowshallIthatamvixumbratanti
philosophihopetoplease?Nomansoabsolute([129]Erasmusholds)tosatisfyall,exceptantiquity,prescription,&c.,setabar.ButasIhaveprovedinSeneca,
thiswillnotalwaystakeplace,howshallIevade?'Tisthecommondoomofallwriters,Imust(Isay)abideitIseeknotapplause[130]Nonegoventosavenor
suffragiaplebisagain,nonsumadeoinformis,Iwouldnotbe[131]vilified:
[132]laudatusabunde,
Nonfastiditussitibi,lector,ero.
Ifeargoodmen'scensures,andtotheirfavourableacceptanceIsubmitmylabours,
[133]etlinguasmancipiorum
Contemno.
Asthebarkingofadog,Isecurelycontemnthosemaliciousandscurrileobloquies,flouts,calumniesofrailersanddetractorsIscorntherest.WhatthereforeIhave
said,protenuitatemea,Ihavesaid.
OneortwothingsyetIwasdesiroustohaveamendedifIcould,concerningthemannerofhandlingthismysubject,forwhichImustapologise,deprecari,andupon
betteradvicegivethefriendlyreadernotice:itwasnotmineintenttoprostitutemymuseinEnglish,ortodivulgesecretaMinervae,buttohaveexposedthismore
contractinLatin,ifIcouldhavegotitprinted.AnyscurrilepamphletiswelcometoourmercenarystationersinEnglishtheyprintall
cuduntquelibellos
Inquorumfoliisvixsimianudacacaret
ButinLatintheywillnotdealwhichisoneofthereasons[134]NicholasCar,inhisorationofthepaucityofEnglishwriters,gives,thatsomanyflourishingwits
aresmotheredinoblivion,liedeadandburiedinthisournation.Anothermainfaultis,thatIhavenotrevisedthecopy,andamendedthestyle,whichnowflows
remissly,asitwasfirstconceivedbutmyleisurewouldnotpermitFecinecquodpotui,necquodvolui,IconfessitisneitherasIwould,norasitshouldbe.
[135]Cumrelegoscripsissepudet,quiaplurimacerno
Mequoquequaefuerantjudicedignalini.
WhenIperusethistractwhichIhavewrit,
Iamabash'd,andmuchIholdunfit.
Etquodgravissimum,inthematteritself,manythingsIdisallowatthispresent,whichwhenIwrit,[136]Noneademestaetas,nonmensIwouldwillinglyretract
much,&c.,but'tistoolate,Icanonlycravepardonnowforwhatisamiss.
Imightindeed,(hadIwiselydone)observedthatpreceptofthepoet,nonumqueprematurinannum,andhavetakenmorecare:or,asAlexanderthe
physicianwouldhavedonebylapislazuli,fiftytimeswashedbeforeitbeused,Ishouldhaverevised,correctedandamendedthistractbutIhadnot(asIsaid)that
happyleisure,noamanuensesorassistants.Pancratesin[137]Lucian,wantingaservantashewentfromMemphistoCoptusinEgypt,tookadoorbar,andafter
somesuperstitiouswordspronounced(Eucratestherelatorwasthenpresent)madeitstanduplikeaservingman,fetchhimwater,turnthespit,serveinsupper,and
whatworkhewouldbesidesandwhenhehaddonethatservicehedesired,turnedhismantoastickagain.Ihavenosuchskilltomakenewmenatmypleasure,or
meanstohirethemnowhistletocalllikethemasterofaship,andbidthemrun,&c.Ihavenosuchauthority,nosuchbenefactors,asthatnoble[138]Ambrosius
wastoOrigen,allowinghimsixorsevenamanuensestowriteouthisdictatesImustforthatcausedomybusinessmyself,andwasthereforeenforced,asabear
dothherwhelps,tobringforththisconfusedlumpIhadnottimetolickitintoform,asshedothheryoungones,butevensotopublishit,asitwasfirstwritten
quicquidinbuccamvenit,inanextemporeanstyle,as[139]Idocommonlyallotherexercises,effudiquicquiddictavitgeniusmeus,outofaconfusedcompanyof
notes,andwritwithassmalldeliberationasIdoordinarilyspeak,withoutallaffectationofbigwords,fustianphrases,jinglingterms,tropes,stronglines,thatlike
[140]Acesta'sarrowscaughtfireastheyflew,strainsofwit,braveheats,elegies,hyperbolicalexornations,elegancies,&c.,whichmanysomuchaffect.Iam
[141]aquaepotor,drinknowineatall,whichsomuchimprovesourmodernwits,aloose,plain,rudewriter,ficum,vocoficumetligonemligonemandasfree,as
loose,idemcalamoquodinmente,[142]Icallaspadeaspade,animishaecscribo,nonauribus,IrespectmatternotwordsrememberingthatofCardan,verba
propterres,nonrespropterverba:andseekingwithSeneca,quidscribam,nonquemadmodum,ratherwhatthanhowtowrite:forasPhilothinks,[143]Hethatis
conversantaboutmatter,neglectswords,andthosethatexcelinthisartofspeaking,havenoprofoundlearning,
[144]Verbanitentphaleris,atnullusverbamedullas
Intushabent
13/48
22/03/2015
Besides,itwastheobservationofthatwiseSeneca,[145]whenyouseeafellowcarefulabouthiswords,andneatinhisspeech,knowthisforacertainty,thatman's
mindisbusiedabouttoys,there'snosolidityinhim.Nonestornamentumvirileconcinnitas:ashesaidofanightingale,voxes,praetereanihil,&c.Iam
thereforeinthispointaprofesseddiscipleof[146]ApolloniusascholarofSocrates,Ineglectphrases,andlabourwhollytoinformmyreader'sunderstanding,notto
pleasehisear'tisnotmystudyorintenttocomposeneatly,whichanoratorrequires,buttoexpressmyselfreadilyandplainlyasithappens.Sothatasariverruns
sometimesprecipitateandswift,thendullandslownowdirect,thenperambages,nowdeep,thenshallownowmuddy,thenclearnowbroad,thennarrowdoth
mystyleflow:nowserious,thenlightnowcomical,thensatiricalnowmoreelaborate,thenremiss,asthepresentsubjectrequired,orasatthattimeIwasaffected.
Andifthouvouchsafetoreadthistreatise,itshallseemnootherwisetothee,thanthewaytoanordinarytraveller,sometimesfair,sometimesfoulherechampaign,
thereenclosedbarren,inoneplace,bettersoilinanother:bywoods,groves,hills,dales,plains,&c.Ishallleadtheeperarduamontium,etlubricavalllum,et
roscidacespitum,et[147]glebosacamporum,throughvarietyofobjects,thatwhichthoushaltlikeandsurelydislike.
Forthematteritselformethod,ifitbefaulty,considerIprayyouthatofColumella,Nihilperfectum,autasingulariconsummatumindustria,nomancanobserve
all,muchisdefectivenodoubt,maybejustlytaxed,altered,andavoidedinGalen,Aristotle,thosegreatmasters.Bonivenatoris([148]oneholds)pluresferas
capere,nonomnesheisagoodhuntsmancancatchsome,notall:Ihavedonemyendeavour.Besides,Idwellnotinthisstudy,Nonhicsulcosducimus,nonhoc
pulveredesudamus,Iambutasmatterer,Iconfess,astranger,[149]hereandthereIpullaflowerIdoeasilygrant,ifarigidcensurershouldcriticiseonthiswhichI
havewrit,heshouldnotfindthreesolefaults,asScaligerinTerence,butthreehundred.SomanyashehathdoneinCardan'ssubtleties,asmanynotableerrorsas
[150]GulLaurembergius,alateprofessorofRostock,discoversinthatanatomyofLaurentius,orBarociustheVenetianinSacroboscus.Andalthoughthisbea
sixthedition,inwhichIshouldhavebeenmoreaccurate,correctedallthoseformerescapes,yetitwasmagnilaborisopus,sodifficultandtedious,thatascarpenters
dofindoutofexperience,'tismuchbetterbuildanewsometimes,thanrepairanoldhouseIcouldassoonwriteasmuchmore,asalterthatwhichiswritten.If
aughtthereforebeamiss(asIgrantthereis),Irequireafriendlyadmonition,nobitterinvective,[151]SintmusissociiCharites,Furiaomnisabesto,otherwise,asin
ordinarycontroversies,funemcontentionisnectamus,sedcuibono?Wemaycontend,andlikelymisuseeachother,buttowhatpurpose?Wearebothscholars,say,
[152]Arcadesambo
EtCantarepares,etrespondereparati.
BothyoungArcadians,bothalikeinspir'd
Tosingandanswerasthesongrequir'd.
Ifwedowrangle,whatshallwegetbyit?Troubleandwrongourselves,makesporttoothers.IfIbeconvictofanerror,Iwillyield,Iwillamend.Siquidbonis
moribus,siquidveritatidissentaneum,insacrisvelhumanisliterisamedictumsit,idnecdictumesto.InthemeantimeIrequireafavourablecensureofallfaults
omitted,harshcompositions,pleonasmsofwords,tautologicalrepetitions(thoughSenecabearmeout,nunquamnimisdicitur,quodnunquamsatisdicitur)
perturbationsoftenses,numbers,printers'faults,&c.Mytranslationsaresometimesratherparaphrasesthaninterpretations,nonadverbum,butasanauthor,Iuse
moreliberty,andthat'sonlytakenwhichwastomypurpose.Quotationsareofteninsertedinthetext,whichmakesthestylemoreharsh,orinthemargin,asit
happened.Greekauthors,Plato,Plutarch,Athenaeus,&c.,Ihavecitedoutoftheirinterpreters,becausetheoriginalwasnotsoready.Ihavemingledsacra
prophanis,butIhopenotprofaned,andinrepetitionofauthors'names,rankedthemperaccidens,notaccordingtochronologysometimesneotericsbeforeancients,
asmymemorysuggested.Somethingsareherealtered,expungedinthissixthedition,othersamended,muchadded,becausemanygood[153]authorsinallkinds
arecometomyhandssince,and'tisnoprejudice,nosuchindecorum,oroversight.
[154]Nunquamitaquicquambenesubductarationeadvitamfuit,
Quinres,aetas,usus,semperaliquidapportentnovi,
Aliquidmoneant,utillaquaesciretecredas,nescias,
Etquaetibiputarisprima,inexercendoutrepudias.
Ne'erwasoughtyetatfirstcontriv'dsofit,
Butuse,age,orsomethingwouldalterit
Advisetheebetter,and,uponperuse,
Maketheenotsay,andwhatthoutak'strefuse.
ButIamnowresolvednevertoputthistreatiseoutagain,Nequidnimis,Iwillnothereafteradd,alter,orretractIhavedone.Thelastandgreatestexceptionis,that
I,beingadivine,havemeddledwithphysic,
[155]Tantumneestabretuaotiitibi,
Alienautcures,eaquenihilquaeadteattinent.
WhichMenedemusobjectedtoChremeshaveIsomuchleisure,orlittlebusinessofmineown,astolookafterothermen'smatterswhichconcernmenot?What
haveItodowithphysic?Quodmedicorumestpromittantmedici.The[156]Lacedaemonianswereonceincounselaboutstatematters,adebauchedfellowspake
excellentwell,andtothepurpose,hisspeechwasgenerallyapproved:agravesenatorstepsup,andbyallmeanswouldhaveitrepealed,thoughgood,because
dehonestabaturpessimoauctore,ithadnobetteranauthorletsomegoodmanrelatethesame,andthenitshouldpass.Thiscounselwasembraced,factumest,andit
wasregisteredforthwith,Etsicbonasententiamansit,malusauctormutatusest.Thousayestasmuchofme,stomachosusasthouart,andgrantest,peradventure,
thiswhichIhavewritteninphysic,nottobeamiss,hadanotherdoneit,aprofessedphysician,orso,butwhyshouldImeddlewiththistract?Hearmespeak.There
bemanyothersubjects,Idoeasilygrant,bothinhumanityanddivinity,fittobetreatedof,ofwhichhadIwrittenadostentationemonly,toshowmyself,Ishould
haveratherchosen,andinwhichIhavebeenmoreconversant,Icouldhavemorewillinglyluxuriated,andbettersatisfiedmyselfandothersbutthatatthistimeI
wasfatallydrivenuponthisrockofmelancholy,andcarriedawaybythisbystream,which,asarillet,isdeductedfromthemainchannelofmystudies,inwhichI
havepleasedandbusiedmyselfatidlehours,asasubjectmostnecessaryandcommodious.NotthatIpreferitbeforedivinity,whichIdoacknowledgetobethe
queenofprofessions,andtowhichalltherestareashandmaids,butthatindivinityIsawnosuchgreatneed.ForhadIwrittenpositively,therebesomanybooksin
thatkind,somanycommentators,treatises,pamphlets,expositions,sermons,thatwholeteamsofoxencannotdrawthemandhadIbeenasforwardandambitious
assomeothers,ImighthavehaplyprintedasermonatPaul'sCross,asermoninSt.Marie'sOxon,asermoninChristChurch,orasermonbeforetheright
honourable,rightreverend,asermonbeforetherightworshipful,asermoninLatin,inEnglish,asermonwithaname,asermonwithout,asermon,asermon,&c.
ButIhavebeeneverasdesiroustosuppressmylaboursinthiskind,asothershavebeentopressandpublishtheirs.Tohavewrittenincontroversyhadbeentocut
offanhydra'shead,[157]Lislitemgenerat,onebegetsanother,somanyduplications,triplications,andswarmsofquestions.Insacrobellohocquodstilimucrone
agitur,thathavingoncebegun,Ishouldnevermakeanend.Onehadmuchbetter,as[158]Alexander,thesixthpope,longsinceobserved,provokeagreatprince
thanabeggingfriar,aJesuit,oraseminarypriest,Iwilladd,forinexpugnabilegenushochominum,theyareanirrefragablesociety,theymustandwillhavethelast
wordandthatwithsucheagerness,impudence,abominablelying,falsifying,andbitternessintheirquestionstheyproceed,thatashe[159]said,furornecaecus,an
rapitvisacrior,anculpa,responsumdate?Blindfury,orerror,orrashness,orwhatitisthateggsthem,Iknownot,Iamsuremanytimes,which[160]Austin
perceivedlongsince,tempestatecontentionis,serenitascharitatisobnubilatur,withthistempestofcontention,theserenityofcharityisoverclouded,andtherebetoo
manyspiritsconjuredupalreadyinthiskindinallsciences,andmorethanwecantellhowtolay,whichdosofuriouslyrage,andkeepsucharacket,thatas
[161]Fabiussaid,Ithadbeenmuchbetterforsomeofthemtohavebeenborndumb,andaltogetherilliterate,thansofartodotetotheirowndestruction.
Atmeliusfueratnonscribere,namquetacere
Tutumsempererit,[162]
'Tisageneralfault,soSeverinustheDanecomplains[163]inphysic,unhappymenasweare,wespendourdaysinunprofitablequestionsanddisputations,
intricatesubtleties,delanacaprinaaboutmoonshineinthewater,leavinginthemeantimethosechiefesttreasuresofnatureuntouched,whereinthebestmedicines
forallmannerofdiseasesaretobefound,anddonotonlyneglectthemourselves,buthinder,condemn,forbid,andscoffatothers,thatarewillingtoinquireafter
them.Thesemotivesatthispresenthaveinducedmetomakechoiceofthismedicinalsubject.
Ifanyphysicianinthemeantimeshallinfer,Nesutorultracrepidam,andfindhimselfgrievedthatIhaveintrudedintohisprofession,Iwilltellhiminbrief,Ido
nototherwisebythem,thantheydobyus.Ifitbefortheiradvantage,Iknowmanyoftheirsectwhichhavetakenorders,inhopeofabenefice,'tisacommon
transition,andwhymaynotamelancholydivine,thatcangetnothingbutbysimony,professphysic?DrusianusanItalian(Crusianus,butcorruptly,Trithemiuscalls
him)[164]becausehewasnotfortunateinhispractice,forsookhisprofession,andwritafterwardsindivinity.MarciliusFicinuswassemeletsimulapriestanda
physicianatonce,and[165]T.Linacerinhisoldagetookorders.TheJesuitsprofessbothatthistime,diversofthempermissusuperiorum,chirurgeons,panders,
bawds,andmidwives,&c.Manypoorcountryvicars,forwantofothermeans,aredriventotheirshiftstoturnmountebanks,quacksalvers,empirics,andifour
greedypatronsholdustosuchhardconditions,ascommonlytheydo,theywillmakemostofusworkatsometrade,asPauldid,atlastturntaskers,maltsters,
costermongers,graziers,sellaleassomehavedone,orworse.Howsoeverinundertakingthistask,IhopeIshallcommitnogreaterrororindecorum,ifallbe
consideredaright,IcanvindicatemyselfwithGeorgiusBraunus,andHieronymusHemingius,thosetwolearneddivineswho(toborrowalineortwoofmine
[166]elderbrother)drawnbyanaturallove,theoneofpicturesandmaps,prospectivesandchorographicaldelights,writthatampletheatreofcitiestheothertothe
studyofgenealogies,pennedtheatrumgenealogicum.OrelseIcanexcusemystudieswith[167]LessiustheJesuitinlikecase.ItisadiseaseofthesoulonwhichI
14/48
22/03/2015
amtotreat,andasmuchappertainingtoadivineastoaphysician,andwhoknowsnotwhatanagreementthereisbetwixtthesetwoprofessions?Agooddivine
eitherisoroughttobeagoodphysician,aspiritualphysicianatleast,asourSaviourcallshimself,andwasindeed,Mat.iv.23Luke,v.18Luke,vii.8.Theydiffer
butinobject,theoneofthebody,theotherofthesoul,andusediversmedicinestocureoneamendsanimampercorpus,theothercorpusperanimamas[168]our
RegiusProfessorofphysicwellinformedusinalearnedlectureofhisnotlongsince.Onehelpsthevicesandpassionsofthesoul,anger,lust,desperation,pride,
presumption,&c.byapplyingthatspiritualphysicastheotherusesproperremediesinbodilydiseases.Nowthisbeingacommoninfirmityofbodyandsoul,and
suchaonethathathasmuchneedofspiritualasacorporalcure,Icouldnotfindafittertasktobusymyselfabout,amoreappositetheme,sonecessary,so
commodious,andgenerallyconcerningallsortsofmen,thatshouldsoequallyparticipateofboth,andrequireawholephysician.Adivineinthiscompoundmixed
maladycandolittlealone,aphysicianinsomekindsofmelancholymuchless,bothmakeanabsolutecure.
[169]Alteriussicalteraposcitopem.
wheninfriendshipjoined
Amutualsuccourineachotherfind.
And'tispropertothemboth,andIhopenotunbeseemingme,whoambymyprofessionadivine,andbymineinclinationaphysician.IhadJupiterinmysixth
houseIsaywith[170]Beroaldus,nonsummedicus,necmedicinaeprorsusexpers,inthetheoryofphysicIhavetakensomepains,notwithanintenttopractice,but
tosatisfymyself,whichwasacauselikewiseofthefirstundertakingofthissubject.
Ifthesereasonsdonotsatisfythee,goodreader,asAlexanderMunificusthatbountifulprelate,sometimesbishopofLincoln,whenhehadbuiltsixcastles,ad
invidiamoperiseluendam,saith[171]Mr.Camden,totakeawaytheenvyofhiswork(whichverywordsNubrigensishathofRogertherichbishopofSalisbury,
whoinkingStephen'stimebuiltShirburncastle,andthatofDevises),todivertthescandalorimputation,whichmightbethenceinferred,builtsomanyreligious
houses.Ifthismydiscoursebeovermedicinal,orsavourtoomuchofhumanity,IpromisetheethatIwillhereaftermaketheeamendsinsometreatiseofdivinity.
ButthisIhopeshallsuffice,whenyouhavemorefullyconsideredofthematterofthismysubject,remsubstratam,melancholy,madness,andofthereasons
following,whichweremychiefmotives:thegeneralityofthedisease,thenecessityofthecure,andthecommodityorcommongoodthatwillarisetoallmenbythe
knowledgeofit,asshallatlargeappearintheensuingpreface.AndIdoubtnotbutthatintheendyouwillsaywithme,thattoanatomisethishumouraright,
throughallthemembersofthisourMicrocosmus,isasgreatatask,astoreconcilethosechronologicalerrorsintheAssyrianmonarchy,findoutthequadratureofa
circle,thecreeksandsoundsofthenortheast,ornorthwestpassages,andalloutasgoodadiscoveryasthathungry[172]Spaniard'sofTerraAustralisIncognita,as
greattroubleastoperfectthemotionofMarsandMercury,whichsocrucifiesourastronomers,ortorectifytheGregorianCalendar.Iamsoaffectedformypart,
andhopeas[173]Theophrastusdidbyhischaracters,Thatourposterity,OfriendPolicles,shallbethebetterforthiswhichwehavewritten,bycorrectingand
rectifyingwhatisamissinthemselvesbyourexamples,andapplyingourpreceptsandcautionstotheirownuse.AndasthatgreatcaptainZiscawouldhaveadrum
madeofhisskinwhenhewasdead,becausehethoughttheverynoiseofitwouldputhisenemiestoflight,Idoubtnotbutthatthesefollowinglines,whentheyshall
berecited,orhereafterread,willdriveawaymelancholy(thoughIbegone)asmuchasZisca'sdrumcouldterrifyhisfoes.Yetonecautionletmegivebythewayto
mypresent,ormyfuturereader,whoisactuallymelancholy,thathereadnotthe[174]symptomsorprognosticsinthisfollowingtract,lestbyapplyingthatwhichhe
readstohimself,aggravating,appropriatingthingsgenerallyspoken,tohisownperson(asmelancholymenforthemostpartdo)hetroubleorhurthimself,andget
inconclusionmoreharmthangood.Iadvisethemthereforewarilytoperusethattract,Lapidesloquitur(sosaid[175]Agrippadeocc.Phil.)etcaveantlectoresne
cerebrumiisexcutiat.TherestIdoubtnottheymaysecurelyread,andtotheirbenefit.ButIamovertedious,Iproceed.
OfthenecessityandgeneralityofthiswhichIhavesaid,ifanymandoubt,Ishalldesirehimtomakeabriefsurveyoftheworld,as[176]CyprianadvisethDonat,
supposinghimselftobetransportedtothetopofsomehighmountain,andthencetobeholdthetumultsandchancesofthiswaveringworld,hecannotchoosebut
eitherlaughat,orpityit.S.Hieromoutofastrongimagination,beinginthewilderness,conceivedwithhimself,thathethensawthemdancinginRomeandif
thoushalteitherconceive,orclimbtosee,thoushaltsoonperceivethatalltheworldismad,thatitismelancholy,dotesthatitis(whichEpichthoniusCosmopolites
expressednotmanyyearssinceinamap)madelikeafool'shead(withthatmotto,Caputhelleborodignum)acrazedhead,caveastultorum,afool'sparadise,oras
Apollonius,acommonprisonofgulls,cheaters,flatterers,&c.andneedstobereformed.Strabointheninthbookofhisgeography,comparesGreecetothepicture
ofaman,whichcomparisonofhis,Nic.GerbeliusinhisexpositionofSophianus'map,approvesthebreastliesopenfromthoseAcroceraunianhillsinEpirus,to
theSunianpromontoryinAtticaPagaeandMagaeraarethetwoshouldersthatIsthmusofCorinththeneckandPeloponnesusthehead.Ifthisallusionhold,'tis
sureamadheadMoreamaybeMoriaandtospeakwhatIthink,theinhabitantsofmodernGreeceswerveasmuchfromreasonandtruereligionatthisday,asthat
Moreadothfromthepictureofaman.Examinetherestinlikesort,andyoushallfindthatkingdomsandprovincesaremelancholy,citiesandfamilies,allcreatures,
vegetal,sensible,andrational,thatallsorts,sects,ages,conditions,areoutoftune,asinCebes'table,omneserrorembibunt,beforetheycomeintotheworld,they
areintoxicatedbyerror'scup,fromthehighesttothelowesthaveneedofphysic,andthoseparticularactionsin[177]Seneca,wherefatherandsonproveone
anothermad,maybegeneralPorciusLatroshallpleadagainstusall.Forindeedwhoisnotafool,melancholy,mad?[178]Quinilmoliturinepte,whoisnot
brainsick?Folly,melancholy,madness,arebutonedisease,Deliriumisacommonnametoall.Alexander,Gordonius,JasonPratensis,Savanarola,Guianerius,
Montaltus,confoundthemasdifferingsecundummagisetminussodothDavid,Psal.xxxvii.5.Isaiduntothefools,dealnotsomadly,and'twasanoldStoical
paradox,omnesstultosinsanire,[179]allfoolsaremad,thoughsomemadderthanothers.Andwhoisnotafool,whoisfreefrommelancholy?Whoisnottouched
moreorlessinhabitordisposition?Ifindisposition,illdispositionsbegethabits,iftheypersevere,saith[180]Plutarch,habitseitherare,orturntodiseases.'Tis
thesamewhichTullymaintainsinthesecondofhisTusculans,omniuminsipientumanimiinmorbosunt,etperturbatorum,foolsaresick,andallthataretroubled
inmind:forwhatissickness,butas[181]GregoryTholosanusdefinesit,Adissolutionorperturbationofthebodilyleague,whichhealthcombines:andwhoisnot
sick,orilldisposed?inwhomdothnotpassion,anger,envy,discontent,fearandsorrowreign?Wholaboursnotofthisdisease?Givemebutalittleleave,andyou
shallseebywhattestimonies,confessions,arguments,Iwillevinceit,thatmostmenaremad,thattheyhadasmuchneedtogoapilgrimagetotheAnticyrae(asin
[182]Strabo'stimetheydid)asinourdaystheyruntoCompostella,ourLadyofSichem,orLauretta,toseekforhelpthatitisliketobeasprosperousavoyageas
thatofGuiana,andthatthereismuchmoreneedofhelleborethanoftobacco.
Thatmenaresomisaffected,melancholy,mad,giddyheaded,hearthetestimonyofSolomon,Eccl.ii.12.AndIturnedtobeholdwisdom,madnessandfolly,&c.
Andver.23:Allhisdaysaresorrow,histravelgrief,andhishearttakethnorestinthenight.Sothattakemelancholyinwhatsenseyouwill,properlyor
improperly,indispositionorhabit,forpleasureorforpain,dotage,discontent,fear,sorrow,madness,forpart,orall,truly,ormetaphorically,'tisallone.Laughter
itselfismadnessaccordingtoSolomon,andasSt.Paulhathit,Worldlysorrowbringsdeath.Theheartsofthesonsofmenareevil,andmadnessisintheirhearts
whiletheylive,Eccl.ix.3.Wisementhemselvesarenobetter.Eccl.i.18.Inthemultitudeofwisdomismuchgrief,andhethatincreasethwisdom,increaseth
sorrow,chap.ii.17.Hehatedlifeitself,nothingpleasedhim:hehatedhislabour,all,as[183]heconcludes,issorrow,grief,vanity,vexationofspirit.And
thoughhewerethewisestmanintheworld,sanctuariumsapientiae,andhadwisdominabundance,hewillnotvindicatehimself,orjustifyhisownactions.Surely
Iammorefoolishthananyman,andhavenottheunderstandingofamaninme,Prov.xxx.2.BetheySolomon'swords,orthewordsofAgur,thesonofJakeh,
theyarecanonical.David,amanafterGod'sownheart,confessethasmuchofhimself,Psal.xxxvii.21,22.SofoolishwasIandignorant,Iwasevenasabeast
beforethee.Andcondemnsallforfools,Psal.xciii.xxxii.9xlix.20.Hecomparesthemtobeasts,horses,andmules,inwhichthereisnounderstanding.The
apostlePaulaccusethhimselfinlikesort,2Cor.ix.21.Iwouldyouwouldsufferalittlemyfoolishness,Ispeakfoolishly.Thewholeheadissick,saithEsay,
andtheheartisheavy,cap.i.5.Andmakeslighterofthemthanofoxenandasses,theoxknowshisowner,&c.:readDeut.xxxii.6Jer.iv.Amos,iii.1
Ephes.v.6.Benotmad,benotdeceived,foolishGalatians,whohathbewitchedyou?Howoftenaretheybrandedwiththisepithetofmadnessandfolly?Noword
sofrequentamongstthefathersoftheChurchanddivinesyoumayseewhatanopiniontheyhadoftheworld,andhowtheyvaluedmen'sactions.
Iknowthatwethinkfarotherwise,andholdthemmostpartwisementhatareinauthority,princes,magistrates,[184]richmen,theyarewisemenborn,all
politiciansandstatesmenmustneedsbeso,forwhodarespeakagainstthem?Andontheother,socorruptisourjudgment,weesteemwiseandhonestmenfools.
WhichDemocrituswellsignifiedinanepistleofhistoHippocrates:[185]theAbderitesaccountvirtuemadness,andsodomostmenliving.ShallItellyouthe
reasonofit?[186]FortuneandVirtue,WisdomandFolly,theirseconds,uponatimecontendedintheOlympicseverymanthoughtthatFortuneandFollywould
havetheworst,andpitiedtheircasesbutitfelloutotherwise.Fortunewasblindandcarednotwhereshestroke,norwhom,withoutlaws,Audabataruminstar,&c.
Folly,rashandinconsiderate,esteemedaslittlewhatshesaidordid.VirtueandWisdomgave[187]place,werehissedout,andexplodedbythecommonpeople
FollyandFortuneadmired,andsoarealltheirfollowerseversince:knavesandfoolscommonlyfareanddeservebestinworldlings'eyesandopinions.Manygood
menhavenobetterfateintheirages:Achish,1Sam.xxi.14,heldDavidforamadman.[188]Elishaandtherestwerenootherwiseesteemed.Davidwasderidedof
thecommonpeople,Ps.ix.7,Iambecomeamonstertomany.AndgenerallyweareaccountedfoolsforChrist,1Cor.xiv.Wefoolsthoughthislifemadness,
andhisendwithouthonour,Wisd.v.4.ChristandhisApostleswerecensuredinlikesort,Johnx.Markiii.Actsxxvi.AndsowereallChristiansin[189]Pliny's
time,fueruntetalii,similisdementiae,&c.Andcallednotlongafter,[190]Vesaniaesectatores,eversoreshominum,pollutinovatores,fanatici,canes,malefici,
venefici,Galilaeihomunciones,&c.'Tisanordinarythingwithus,toaccounthonest,devout,orthodox,divine,religious,plaindealingmen,idiots,asses,that
cannot,orwillnotlieanddissemble,shift,flatter,accommodareseadeumlocumubinatisunt,makegoodbargains,supplant,thrive,patronisinserviresolennes
15/48
22/03/2015
ascendendimodosapprehendere,leges,mores,consuetudinesrecteobservare,candidelaudare,fortiterdefendere,sententiasamplecti,dubitaredenullus,credere
omnia,accipereomnia,nihilreprehendere,caeteraquequaepromotionemferuntetsecuritatem,quaesineambagefelicem,reddunthominem,etveresapientemapud
nosthatcannottemporiseasothermendo,[191]handandtakebribes,&c.butfearGod,andmakeaconscienceoftheirdoings.ButtheHolyGhostthatknows
betterhowtojudge,hecallsthemfools.Thefoolhathsaidinhisheart,Psal.liii.1.Andtheirwaysuttertheirfolly,Psal.xlix.14.[192]Forwhatcanbemore
mad,thanforalittleworldlypleasuretoprocureuntothemselveseternalpunishment?AsGregoryandothersinculcateuntous.
Yeaevenallthosegreatphilosopherstheworldhatheverhadinadmiration,whoseworkswedosomuchesteem,thatgavepreceptsofwisdomtoothers,inventors
ofArtsandSciences,SocratesthewisestmanofhistimebytheOracleofApollo,whomhistwoscholars,[193]Platoand[194]Xenophon,somuchextoland
magnifywiththosehonourabletitles,bestandwisestofallmortalmen,thehappiest,andmostjustandas[195]Alcibiadesincomparablycommendshim
Achilleswasaworthyman,butBracidesandotherswereasworthyashimselfAntenorandNestorwereasgoodasPericles,andsooftherestbutnonepresent,
before,orafterSocrates,nemoveterumnequeeorumquinuncsunt,wereeversuch,willmatch,orcomenearhim.ThosesevenwisemenofGreece,thoseBritain
Druids,IndianBrachmanni,EthiopianGymnosophist,MagiofthePersians,Apollonius,ofwhomPhilostratus,Nondoctus,sednatussapiens,wisefromhiscradle,
EoicurassomuchadmiredbyhisscholarLucretius:
Quigenushumanumingeniosuperavit,etomnes
Perstrinxitstellasexortusutaetheriussol.
Whosewitexcell'dthewitsofmenasfar,
Asthesunrisingdothobscureastar,
OrthatsomuchrenownedEmpedocles,
[196]Utvixhumanavideaturstirpecreatus.
Allthoseofwhomwereadsuch[197]hyperbolicaleulogiums,asofAristotle,thathewaswisdomitselfintheabstract,[198]amiracleofnature,breathinglibraries,
asEunapiusofLonginus,lightsofnature,giantsforwit,quintessenceofwit,divinespirits,eaglesintheclouds,fallenfromheaven,gods,spirits,lampsoftheworld,
dictators,Nullaferanttalemsaeclafuturavirum:monarchs,miracles,superintendentsofwitandlearning,oceanus,phoenix,atlas,monstrum,portentumhominis,
orbisuniversimusaeum,ultimushumananaturaedonatus,naturaemaritus,
meritocuidoctiororbis
Submissisdefertfascibusimperium.
AsAelianwritofProtagorasandGorgias,wemaysayofthemall,tantumasapientibusabfuerunt,quantumavirispueri,theywerechildreninrespect,infants,not
eagles,butkitesnovices,illiterate,Eunuchisapientiae.Andalthoughtheywerethewisest,andmostadmiredintheirage,ashecensuredAlexander,Idothem,
therewere10,000inhisarmyasworthycaptains(hadtheybeeninplaceofcommand)asvaliantashimselfthereweremyriadsofmenwiserinthosedays,andyet
allshortofwhattheyoughttobe.[199]Lactantius,inhisbookofwisdom,provesthemtobedizzards,fools,asses,madmen,sofullofabsurdandridiculoustenets,
andbrainsickpositions,thattohisthinkingneveranyoldwomanorsickpersondotedworse.[200]DemocritustookallfromLeucippus,andleft,saithhe,the
inheritanceofhisfollytoEpicurus,[201]insanientidumsapientiae,&c.ThelikeheholdsofPlato,Aristippus,andtherest,makingnodifference[202]betwixt
themandbeasts,savingthattheycouldspeak.[203]Theodoretinhistract,Decur.grec.affect.manifestlyevincesasmuchofSocrates,whomthoughthatOracleof
Apolloconfirmedtobethewisestmanthenliving,andsavedhimfromplague,whom2000yearshaveadmired,ofwhomsomewillassoonspeakevilasofChrist,
yetrevera,hewasanilliterateidiot,as[204]Aristophanescallshim,irriscoretambitiosus,ashismasterAristotletermshim,scurraAtticus,asZeno,an[205]enemy
toallartsandsciences,asAthaeneus,tophilosophersandtravellers,anopiniativeass,acaviller,akindofpedantforhismanners,asTheod.Cyrensisdescribes
him,a[206]sodomite,anatheist,(soconvictbyAnytus)iracundusetebrius,dicax,&c.apotcompanion,by[207]Plato'sownconfession,asturdydrinkerandthat
ofallothershewasmostsottish,averymadmaninhisactionsandopinions.Pythagoraswaspartphilosopher,partmagician,orpartwitch.Ifyoudesiretohear
moreofApollonius,agreatwiseman,sometimeparalleledbyJuliantheapostatetoChrist,IreferyoutothatlearnedtractofEusebiusagainstHierocles,andfor
themalltoLucian'sPiscator,Icaromenippus,Necyomantia:theiractions,opinionsingeneralweresoprodigious,absurd,ridiculous,whichtheybroachedand
maintained,theirbooksandelaboratetreatiseswerefullofdotage,whichTullyadAtticumlongsinceobserved,delirantplerumquescriptoresinlibrissuis,their
livesbeingoppositetotheirwords,theycommendedpovertytoothers,andweremostcovetousthemselves,extolledloveandpeace,andyetpersecutedoneanother
withvirulenthateandmalice.Theycouldgivepreceptsforverseandprose,butnotamanofthem(as[208]Senecatellsthemhome)couldmoderatehisaffections.
Theirmusicdidshowusflebilesmodos,&c.howtoriseandfall,buttheycouldnotsocontainthemselvesasinadversitynottomakealamentabletone.Theywill
measuregroundbygeometry,setdownlimits,divideandsubdivide,butcannotyetprescribequantumhominisatis,orkeepwithincompassofreasonanddiscretion.
Theycansquarecircles,butunderstandnotthestateoftheirownsouls,describerightlinesandcrooked,&c.butknownotwhatisrightinthislife,quidinvita
rectumsit,ignorantsothatashesaid,NescioanAnticyramratioillisdestinetomnem.IthinkalltheAnticyraewillnotrestorethemtotheirwits,[209]ifthesemen
now,thatheld[210]Xenodotus'heart,Crates'liver,Epictetus'lantern,weresosottish,andhadnomorebrainsthansomanybeetles,whatshallwethinkofthe
commonalty?whatoftherest?
Yea,butyouwillinfer,thatistrueofheathens,iftheybeconferredwithChristians,1Cor.iii.19.ThewisdomofthisworldisfoolishnesswithGod,earthlyand
devilish,asJamescallsit,iii.15.Theywerevainintheirimaginations,andtheirfoolishheartwasfullofdarkness,Rom.i.21,22.Whentheyprofessed
themselveswise,becamefools.Theirwittyworksareadmiredhereonearth,whilsttheirsoulsaretormentedinhellfire.Insomesense,ChristianiCrassiani,
ChristiansareCrassians,andifcomparedtothatwisdom,nobetterthanfools.Quisestsapiens?SolusDeus,[211]Pythagorasreplies,Godisonlywise,Rom.xvi.
Pauldeterminesonlygood,asAustinwellcontends,andnomanlivingcanbejustifiedinhissight.Godlookeddownfromheavenuponthechildrenofmen,to
seeifanydidunderstand,Psalmliii.2,3,butallarecorrupt,err.Rom.iii.12,Nonedoethgood,no,notone.Jobaggravatesthis,iv.18,Beholdhefoundno
steadfastnessinhisservants,andlaidfollyuponhisangels19.Howmuchmoreonthemthatdwellinhousesofclay?Inthissenseweareallfools,andthe
[212]ScripturealoneisarxMinervae,weandourwritingsareshallowandimperfect.ButIdonotsomeaneveninourordinarydealingswearenobetterthanfools.
Allouractions,as[213]PlinytoldTrajan,upbraidusoffolly,ourwholecourseoflifeisbutmatteroflaughter:wearenotsoberlywiseandtheworlditself,
whichoughtatleasttobewisebyreasonofhisantiquity,as[214]HugodePratoFloridowillhaveit,semperstultizat,iseverydaymorefoolishthanotherthe
moreitiswhipped,theworseitis,andasachildwillstillbecrownedwithrosesandflowers.Weareapishinit,asinibipedes,andeveryplaceisfullinversorum
Apuleiorumofmetamorphosedandtwoleggedasses,inversorumSilenorum,childish,pueriinstarbimuli,tremulapatrisdormientisinulna.JovianusPontanus,
AntonioDial,bringsinsomelaughingatanoldman,thatbyreasonofhisagewasalittlefond,butasheadmonisheththere,Nemirerismihospesdehocsene,
marvelnotathimonly,fortotahaeccivitasdelirium,allourtowndotesinlikesort,[215]weareacompanyoffools.Asknotwithhiminthepoet,[216]Larvaehunc
intemperiaeinsaniaequeagitantsenem?Whatmadnessghoststhisoldman,butwhatmadnessghostsusall?Forweareadunumomnes,allmad,semelinsanivimus
omnesnotonce,butalwayso,etsemel,etsimul,etsemper,everandaltogetherasbadasheandnotsenexbispuer,deliraanus,butsayitofusall,semperpueri,
youngandold,alldote,asLactantiusprovesoutofSenecaandnodifferencebetwixtusandchildren,savingthat,majoraludimus,etgrandioribuspupis,theyplay
withbabiesofcloutsandsuchtoys,wesportwithgreaterbaubles.Wecannotaccuseorcondemnoneanother,beingfaultyourselves,deliramentaloqueris,youtalk
idly,oras[217]MitioupbraidedDemea,insanis,auferte,forweareasmadourownselves,anditishardtosaywhichistheworst.Nay,'tisuniversallyso,
[218]Vitamregitfortuna,nonsapientia.
When[219]Socrateshadtakengreatpainstofindoutawiseman,andtothatpurposehadconsultedwithphilosophers,poets,artificers,heconcludesallmenwere
foolsandthoughitprocuredhimbothangerandmuchenvy,yetinallcompanieshewouldopenlyprofessit.When[220]SupputiusinPontanushadtravelledall
overEuropetoconferwithawiseman,hereturnedatlastwithouthiserrand,andcouldfindnone.[221]Cardanconcurswithhim,Fewthereare(foraughtIcan
perceive)wellintheirwits.Sodoth[222]Tully,Iseeeverythingtobedonefoolishlyandunadvisedly.
Illesinistrorsum,hicdextrorsum,unusutrique
Error,sedvariisilluditpartibusomnes.
Onereelstothis,anothertothatwall,
'Tisthesameerrorthatdeludesthemall.
[223]Theydoteall,butnotalike,,notinthesamekind,Oneiscovetous,asecondlascivious,athirdambitious,afourthenvious,&c.as
DamasippustheStoichathwellillustratedinthepoet,
[224]Desipiuntomnesaequeactu.
Andtheywhocallyoufool,withequalclaim
16/48
22/03/2015
Maypleadanampletitletothename.
'Tisaninbredmaladyineveryoneofus,thereisseminariumstultitiae,aseminaryoffolly,whichifitbestirredup,orgetahead,willrunininfinitum,and
infinitelyvaries,asweourselvesareseverallyaddicted,saith[225]BalthazarCastilio:andcannotsoeasilyberootedout,ittakessuchfasthold,asTullyholds,
altaeradicesstultitiae,[226]sowearebred,andsowecontinue.Somesaytherebetwomaindefectsofwit,errorandignorance,towhichallothersarereducedby
ignoranceweknownotthingsnecessary,byerrorweknowthemfalsely.Ignoranceisaprivation,errorapositiveact.Fromignorancecomesvice,fromerrorheresy,
&c.Butmakehowmanykindsyouwill,divideandsubdivide,fewmenarefree,orthatdonotimpingeonsomeonekindorother.[227]Sicplerumqueagitatstultos
inscitia,ashethatexamineshisownandothermen'sactionsshallfind.
[228]CharoninLucian,ashewittilyfeigns,wasconductedbyMercurytosuchaplace,wherehemightseealltheworldatonceafterhehadsufficientlyviewed,
andlookedabout,Mercurywouldneedsknowofhimwhathehadobserved:Hetoldhimthathesawavastmultitudeandapromiscuous,theirhabitationslike
molehills,themenasemmets,hecoulddiscerncitieslikesomanyhivesofbees,whereineverybeehadasting,andtheydidnoughtelsebutstingoneanother,
somedomineeringlikehornetsbiggerthantherest,somelikefilchingwasps,othersasdrones.Overtheirheadswerehoveringaconfusedcompanyof
perturbations,hope,fear,anger,avarice,ignorance,&c.,andamultitudeofdiseaseshanging,whichtheystillpulledontheirpates.Somewerebrawling,some
fighting,riding,running,solliciteambientes,callidelitigantesfortoysandtrifles,andsuchmomentarythings,Theirtownsandprovincesmerefactions,richagainst
poor,pooragainstrich,noblesagainstartificers,theyagainstnobles,andsotherest.Inconclusion,hecondemnedthemallformadmen,fools,idiots,asses,Ostulti,
quaenamhaecestamentia?Ofools,Omadmen,heexclaims,insanastudia,insanilabores,&c.Madendeavours,madactions,mad,mad,mad,[229]Osaeclum
insipiensetinfacetum,agiddyheadedage.Heraclitusthephilosopher,outofaseriousmeditationofmen'slives,fellaweeping,andwithcontinualtearsbewailed
theirmisery,madness,andfolly.Democritusontheotherside,burstoutalaughing,theirwholelifeseemedtohimsoridiculous,andhewassofarcarriedwiththis
ironicalpassion,thatthecitizensofAbderatookhimtobemad,andsentthereforeambassadorstoHippocrates,thephysician,thathewouldexercisehisskillupon
him.ButthestoryissetdownatlargebyHippocrates,inhisepistletoDamogetus,whichbecauseitisnotimpertinenttothisdiscourse,Iwillinsertverbatimalmost
asitisdeliveredbyHippocrateshimself,withallthecircumstancesbelonginguntoit.
WhenHippocrateswasnowcometoAbdera,thepeopleofthecitycameflockingabouthim,someweeping,someintreatingofhim,thathewoulddohisbest.After
somelittlerepast,hewenttoseeDemocritus,thepeoplefollowinghim,whomhefound(asbefore)inhisgardeninthesuburbsallalone,[230]sittinguponastone
underaplanetree,withouthoseorshoes,withabookonhisknees,cuttingupseveralbeasts,andbusyathisstudy.Themultitudestoodgazingroundabouttosee
thecongress.Hippocrates,afteralittlepause,salutedhimbyhisname,whomheresaluted,ashamedalmostthathecouldnotcallhimlikewisebyhis,orthathehad
forgotit.Hippocratesdemandedofhimwhathewasdoing:hetoldhimthathewas[231]busyincuttingupseveralbeasts,tofindoutthecauseofmadnessand
melancholy.Hippocratescommendedhiswork,admiringhishappinessandleisure.Andwhy,quothDemocritus,havenotyouthatleisure?Because,replied
Hippocrates,domesticaffairshinder,necessarytobedoneforourselves,neighbours,friendsexpenses,diseases,frailtiesandmortalitieswhichhappenwife,
children,servants,andsuchbusinesswhichdepriveusofourtime.AtthisspeechDemocritusprofuselylaughed(hisfriendsandthepeoplestandingby,weepingin
themeantime,andlamentinghismadness).Hippocratesaskedthereasonwhyhelaughed.Hetoldhim,atthevanitiesandthefopperiesofthetime,toseemenso
emptyofallvirtuousactions,tohuntsofaraftergold,havingnoendofambitiontotakesuchinfinitepainsforalittleglory,andtobefavouredofmentomake
suchdeepminesintotheearthforgold,andmanytimestofindnothing,withlossoftheirlivesandfortunes.Sometolovedogs,othershorses,sometodesiretobe
obeyedinmanyprovinces,[232]andyetthemselveswillknownoobedience.[233]Sometolovetheirwivesdearlyatfirst,andafterawhiletoforsakeandhate
thembegettingchildren,withmuchcareandcostfortheireducation,yetwhentheygrowtoman'sestate,[234]todespise,neglect,andleavethemnakedtothe
world'smercy.[235]Donotthesebehavioursexpresstheirintolerablefolly?Whenmenliveinpeace,theycovetwar,detestingquietness,[236]deposingkings,and
advancingothersintheirstead,murderingsomementobegetchildrenoftheirwives.Howmanystrangehumoursareinmen!Whentheyarepoorandneedy,they
seekriches,andwhentheyhavethem,theydonotenjoythem,buthidethemunderground,orelsewastefullyspendthem.OwiseHippocrates,Ilaughatsuch
thingsbeingdone,butmuchmorewhennogoodcomesofthem,andwhentheyaredonetosoillpurpose.Thereisnotruthorjusticefoundamongstthem,forthey
dailypleadoneagainstanother,[237]thesonagainstthefatherandthemother,brotheragainstbrother,kindredandfriendsofthesamequalityandallthisfor
riches,whereofafterdeaththeycannotbepossessors.Andyetnotwithstandingtheywilldefameandkilloneanother,commitallunlawfulactions,contemningGod
andmen,friendsandcountry.Theymakegreataccountofmanysenselessthings,esteemingthemasagreatpartoftheirtreasure,statues,pictures,andsuchlike
movables,dearbought,andsocunninglywrought,asnothingbutspeechwantethinthem,[238]andyettheyhatelivingpersonsspeakingtothem.[239]Othersaffect
difficultthingsiftheydwellonfirmlandtheywillremovetoanisland,andthencetolandagain,beingnowayconstanttotheirdesires.Theycommendcourage
andstrengthinwars,andletthemselvesbeconqueredbylustandavaricetheyare,inbrief,asdisorderedintheirminds,asThersiteswasinhisbody.Andnow,
methinks,OmostworthyHippocrates,youshouldnotreprehendmylaughing,perceivingsomanyfooleriesinmen[240]fornomanwillmockhisownfolly,but
thatwhichheseethinasecond,andsotheyjustlymockoneanother.Thedrunkardcallshimagluttonwhomheknowstobesober.Manymenlovethesea,others
husbandrybriefly,theycannotagreeintheirowntradesandprofessions,muchlessintheirlivesandactions.
WhenHippocratesheardthesewordssoreadilyuttered,withoutpremeditation,todeclaretheworld'svanity,fullofridiculouscontrariety,hemadeanswer,that
necessitycompelledmentomanysuchactions,anddiverswillsensuingfromdivinepermission,thatwemightnotbeidle,beingnothingissoodioustothemas
slothandnegligence.Besides,mencannotforeseefutureevents,inthisuncertaintyofhumanaffairstheywouldnotsomarry,iftheycouldforetellthecausesof
theirdislikeandseparationorparents,iftheyknewthehouroftheirchildren'sdeath,sotenderlyprovideforthemoranhusbandmansow,ifhethoughttherewould
benoincreaseoramerchantadventuretosea,ifheforesawshipwreckorbeamagistrate,ifpresentlytobedeposed.Alas,worthyDemocritus,everymanhopes
thebest,andtothatendhedothit,andthereforenosuchcause,orridiculousoccasionoflaughter.
Democritushearingthispoorexcuse,laughedagainaloud,perceivinghewhollymistookhim,anddidnotwellunderstandwhathehadsaidconcerningperturbations
andtranquillityofthemind.Insomuch,thatifmenwouldgoverntheiractionsbydiscretionandprovidence,theywouldnotdeclarethemselvesfoolsasnowtheydo,
andheshouldhavenocauseoflaughterbut(quothhe)theyswellinthislifeasiftheywereimmortal,anddemigods,forwantofunderstanding.Itwereenoughto
makethemwise,iftheywouldbutconsiderthemutabilityofthisworld,andhowitwheelsabout,nothingbeingfirmandsure.Hethatisnowabove,tomorrowis
beneathhethatsateonthissidetoday,tomorrowishurledontheother:andnotconsideringthesematters,theyfallintomanyinconveniencesandtroubles,coveting
thingsofnoprofit,andthirstingafterthem,tumblingheadlongintomanycalamities.Sothatifmenwouldattemptnomorethanwhattheycanbear,theyshouldlead
contentedlives,andlearningtoknowthemselves,wouldlimittheirambition,[241]theywouldperceivethenthatnaturehathenoughwithoutseekingsuch
superfluities,andunprofitablethings,whichbringnothingwiththembutgriefandmolestation.Asafatbodyismoresubjecttodiseases,soarerichmento
absurditiesandfooleries,tomanycasualtiesandcrossinconveniences.Therearemanythattakenoheedwhathappenethtoothersbybadconversation,and
thereforeoverthrowthemselvesinthesamemannerthroughtheirownfault,notforeseeingdangersmanifest.Thesearethings(Omorethanmad,quothhe)thatgive
mematteroflaughter,bysufferingthepainsofyourimpieties,asyouravarice,envy,malice,enormousvillainies,mutinies,unsatiabledesires,conspiracies,and
otherincurablevicesbesidesyour[242]dissimulationandhypocrisy,bearingdeadlyhatredonetotheother,andyetshadowingitwithagoodface,flyingoutinto
allfilthylusts,andtransgressionsofalllaws,bothofnatureandcivility.Manythingswhichtheyhaveleftoff,afterawhiletheyfalltoagain,husbandry,navigation
andleaveagain,fickleandinconstantastheyare.Whentheyareyoung,theywouldbeold,andold,young.[243]Princescommendaprivatelifeprivatemenitch
afterhonour:amagistratecommendsaquietlifeaquietmanwouldbeinhisoffice,andobeyedasheis:andwhatisthecauseofallthis,butthattheyknownot
themselves?Somedelighttodestroy,[244]onetobuild,anothertospoilonecountrytoenrichanotherandhimself.[245]Inallthesethingstheyarelikechildren,in
whomisnojudgmentorcounselandresemblebeasts,savingthatbeastsarebetterthanthey,asbeingcontentedwithnature.[246]Whenshallyouseealionhide
goldintheground,orabullcontendforbetterpasture?Whenaboaristhirsty,hedrinkswhatwillservehim,andnomoreandwhenhisbellyisfull,ceasethtoeat:
butmenareimmoderateinboth,asinlusttheycovetcarnalcopulationatsettimesmenalways,ruinatingtherebythehealthoftheirbodies.Anddothitnot
deservelaughtertoseeanamorousfooltormenthimselfforawenchweep,howlforamisshapenslut,adowdysometimes,thatmighthavehischoiceofthefinest
beauties?Isthereanyremedyforthisinphysic?Idoanatomiseandcutupthesepoorbeasts,[247]toseethesedistempers,vanities,andfollies,yetsuchproofwere
bettermadeonman'sbody,ifmykindnaturewouldendureit:[248]whofromthehourofhisbirthismostmiserableweak,andsicklywhenhesucksheisguided
byothers,whenheisgrowngreatpractisethunhappiness[249]andissturdy,andwhenold,achildagain,andrepentethhimofhislifepast.Andherebeing
interruptedbyonethatbroughtbooks,hefelltoitagain,thatallweremad,careless,stupid.Toprovemyformerspeeches,lookintocourts,orprivatehouses.
[250]Judgesgivejudgmentaccordingtotheirownadvantage,doingmanifestwrongtopoorinnocentstopleaseothers.Notariesaltersentences,andformoneylose
theirdeeds.Somemakefalsemoniesotherscounterfeitfalseweights.Someabusetheirparents,yeacorrupttheirownsistersothersmakelonglibelsandpasquils,
defamingmenofgoodlife,andextolsuchasarelewdandvicious.Somerobone,someanother:[251]magistratesmakelawsagainstthieves,andaretheveriest
thievesthemselves.Somekillthemselves,othersdespair,notobtainingtheirdesires.Somedance,sing,laugh,feastandbanquet,whilstotherssigh,languish,mourn
andlament,havingneithermeat,drink,norclothes.[252]Someprankuptheirbodies,andhavetheirmindsfullofexecrablevices.Sometrotabout[253]tobearfalse
witness,andsayanythingformoneyandthoughjudgesknowofit,yetforabribetheywinkatit,andsufferfalsecontractstoprevailagainstequity.Womenareall
dayadressing,topleasureothermenabroad,andgolikeslutsathome,notcaringtopleasetheirownhusbandswhomtheyshould.Seeingmenaresofickle,so
17/48
22/03/2015
sottish,sointemperate,whyshouldnotIlaughatthosetowhom[254]follyseemswisdom,willnotbecured,andperceiveitnot?
Itgrewlate:Hippocrateslefthimandnosoonerwashecomeaway,butallthecitizenscameaboutflocking,toknowhowhelikedhim.Hetoldtheminbrief,that
notwithstandingthosesmallneglectsofhisattire,body,diet,[255]theworldhadnotawiser,amorelearned,amorehonestman,andtheyweremuchdeceivedto
saythathewasmad.
ThusDemocritusesteemedoftheworldinhistime,andthiswasthecauseofhislaughter:andgoodcausehehad.
[256]Olimjurequidem,nuncplusDemocriteride
Quinrides?vitahaecnuncmageridiculaest.
Democritusdidwelltolaughofold,
Goodcausehehad,butnowmuchmore
Thislifeofoursismoreridiculous
Thanthatofhis,orlongbefore.
Neversomuchcauseoflaughterasnow,neversomanyfoolsandmadmen.'Tisnotone[257]Democrituswillserveturntolaughinthesedayswehavenowneed
ofaDemocritustolaughatDemocritusonejestertofloutatanother,onefooltofleeratanother:agreatstentorianDemocritus,asbigasthatRhodianColossus,
Fornow,as[258]Salisburiensissaidinhistime,totusmundushistrionemagit,thewholeworldplaysthefoolwehaveanewtheatre,anewscene,anewcomedyof
errors,anewcompanyofpersonateactors,volupiaesacra(asCalcagninuswillinglyfeignsinhisApologues)arecelebratedalltheworldover,[259]whereallthe
actorsweremadmenandfools,andeveryhourchangedhabits,ortookthatwhichcamenext.Hethatwasamarinertoday,isanapothecarytomorrowasmithone
while,aphilosopheranother,inhisvolupiaeludisakingnowwithhiscrown,robes,sceptre,attendants,byandbydrovealoadedassbeforehimlikeacarter,&c.If
Democrituswerealivenow,heshouldseestrangealterations,anewcompanyofcounterfeitvizards,whifflers,Cumaneasses,maskers,mummers,paintedpuppets,
outsides,fantasticshadows,gulls,monsters,giddyheads,butterflies.Andsomanyofthemareindeed([260]ifallbetruethatIhaveread).ForwhenJupiterand
Juno'sweddingwassolemnisedofold,thegodswereallinvitedtothefeast,andmanynoblemenbesides:AmongsttherestcameCrysalus,aPersianprince,bravely
attended,richingoldenattires,ingayrobes,withamajesticalpresence,butotherwiseanass.Thegodsseeinghimcomeinsuchpompandstate,roseuptogivehim
place,exhabituhominemmetientes[261]butJupiterperceivingwhathewas,alight,fantastic,idlefellow,turnedhimandhisproudfollowersintobutterflies:and
sotheycontinuestill(foraughtIknowtothecontrary)rovingaboutinpiedcoats,andarecalledchrysalidesbythewisersortofmen:thatis,goldenoutsides,
drones,andflies,andthingsofnoworth.Multitudesofsuch,&c.
[262]ubiqueinvenies
Stultosavaros,sycopliantasprodigos.
Manyadditions,muchincreaseofmadness,folly,vanity,shouldDemocritusobserve,werehenowtotravel,orcouldgetleaveofPlutotocomeseefashions,as
CharondidinLuciantovisitourcitiesofMoroniaPia,andMoroniaFelix:sureIthinkhewouldbreaktherimofhisbellywithlaughing.[263]Siforetinterris
rideretDemocritus,seu,&c.
AsatiricalRomaninhistime,thoughtallvice,folly,andmadnesswereallatfullsea,[264]Omneinpraecipitivitiumstetit.
[265]JosephusthehistoriantaxethhiscountrymenJewsforbraggingoftheirvices,publishingtheirfollies,andthattheydidcontendamongstthemselveswho
shouldbemostnotoriousinvillainiesbutweflowhigherinmadness,farbeyondthem,
[266]Moxdaturiprogeniemvitiosorem,
Andyetwithcrimestousunknown,
Oursonsshallmarkthecomingagetheirown,
andthelatterend(youknowwhoseoracleitis)isliketobeworse.'Tisnottobedenied,theworldalterseveryday,Ruunturbes,regnatransferuntur,&c.variantur
habitus,legesinnovantur,as[267]Petrarchobserves,wechangelanguage,habits,laws,customs,manners,butnotvices,notdiseases,notthesymptomsoffollyand
madness,theyarestillthesame.Andasariver,wesee,keepsthelikenameandplace,butnotwater,andyeteverruns,[268]Labituretlabeturinomnevolubilis
aevumourtimesandpersonsalter,vicesarethesame,andeverwillbelookhownightingalessangofold,cockscrowed,kinelowed,sheepbleated,sparrows
chirped,dogsbarked,sotheydostill:wekeepourmadnessstill,playthefoolsstill,necdumfinitusOrestesweareofthesamehumoursandinclinationsasour
predecessorswereyoushallfindusallalike,muchatone,weandoursons,Etnatinatorum,etquinascunturabillis.Andsoshallourposteritycontinuetothelast.
Buttospeakoftimespresent.
IfDemocrituswerealivenow,andshouldbutseethesuperstitionofourage,our[269]religiousmadness,as[270]Meterancallsit,Religiosaminsaniam,somany
professedChristians,yetsofewimitatorsofChristsomuchtalkofreligion,somuchscience,solittleconsciencesomuchknowledge,somanypreachers,solittle
practicesuchvarietyofsects,suchhaveandholdofallsides,[271]obviasignisSigna,&c.,suchabsurdandridiculoustraditionsandceremonies:Ifheshould
meeta[272]Capuchin,aFranciscan,aPharisaicalJesuit,amanserpent,ashavecrownedMonkinhisrobes,abeggingFriar,or,seetheirthreecrownedSovereign
LordthePope,poorPeter'ssuccessor,servusservorumDei,todeposekingswithhisfoot,totreadonemperors'necks,makethemstandbarefootandbareleggedat
hisgates,holdhisbridleandstirrup,&c.(OthatPeterandPaulwerealivetoseethis!)Ifheshouldobservea[273]princecreepsodevoutlytokisshistoe,andthose
redcapcardinals,poorparishpriestsofold,nowprinces'companionswhatwouldhesay?Coelumipsumpetiturstultitia.Hadhemetsomeofourdevoutpilgrims
goingbarefoottoJerusalem,ourladyofLauretto,Rome,S.Iago,S.Thomas'Shrine,tocreeptothosecounterfeitandmaggoteatenrelicshadhebeenpresentata
mass,andseensuchkissingofpaxes,crucifixes,cringes,duckings,theirseveralattiresandceremonies,picturesofsaints,[274]indulgences,pardons,vigils,fasting,
feasts,crossing,knocking,kneelingatAveMarias,bells,withmanysuchjucundarudispectaculaplebi,[275]prayingingibberish,andmumblingofbeads.Had
heheardanoldwomansayherprayersinLatin,theirsprinklingofholywater,andgoingaprocession,
[276]inceduntmonachorumagminamille
Quidmomeremvexilla,cruces,idolaqueculta,&c.
Theirbreviaries,bulls,hallowedbeans,exorcisms,pictures,curiouscrosses,fables,andbaubles.HadhereadtheGoldenLegend,theTurks'Alcoran,orJews'
Talmud,theRabbins'Comments,whatwouldhehavethought?Howdostthouthinkhemighthavebeenaffected?HadhemoreparticularlyexaminedaJesuit'slife
amongsttherest,heshouldhaveseenanhypocriteprofesspoverty,[277]andyetpossessmoregoodsandlandsthanmanyprinces,tohaveinfinitetreasuresand
revenuesteachotherstofast,andplaythegluttonsthemselveslikewatermenthatrowonewayandlookanother.[278]Vowvirginity,talkofholiness,andyet
indeedanotoriousbawd,andfamousfornicator,lascivumpecus,averygoat.Monksbyprofession,[279]suchasgiveovertheworld,andthevanitiesofit,andyeta
Machiavellianrout[280]interestedinallmannerofstate:holymen,peacemakers,andyetcomposedofenvy,lust,ambition,hatred,andmalicefirebrands,adulta
patriaepestis,traitors,assassinats,hacituradastra,andthisistosupererogate,andmeritheavenforthemselvesandothers.Hadheseenontheadverseside,someof
ourniceandcuriousschismaticsinanotherextreme,abhorallceremonies,andratherlosetheirlivesandlivings,thandooradmitanythingPapistshaveformerly
used,thoughinthingsindifferent(theyalonearethetrueChurch,salterrae,cumsintomniuminsulsissimi).Formalists,outoffearandbaseflattery,likesomany
weathercocksturnround,aroutoftemporisers,readytoembraceandmaintainallthatisorshallbeproposedinhopeofpreferment:anotherEpicureancompany,
lyingatlurchassomanyvultures,watchingforapreyofChurchgoods,andreadytorisebythedownfallofany:as[281]Luciansaidinlikecase,whatdostthou
thinkDemocrituswouldhavedone,hadhebeenspectatorofthesethings?
Orhadhebutobservedthecommonpeoplefollowlikesomanysheeponeoftheirfellowsdrawnbythehornsoveragap,someforzeal,someforfear,quose
cunquerapittempestas,tocreditall,examinenothing,andyetreadytodiebeforetheywilladjureanyofthoseceremoniestowhichtheyhavebeenaccustomed
othersoutofhypocrisyfrequentsermons,knocktheirbreasts,turnuptheireyes,pretendzeal,desirereformation,andyetprofessedusurers,gripers,monstersof
men,harpies,devilsintheirlives,toexpressnothingless.
Whatwouldhehavesaidtosee,hear,andreadsomanybloodybattles,somanythousandsslainatonce,suchstreamsofbloodabletoturnmills:uniusobnoxam
furiasque,ortomakesportforprinces,withoutanyjustcause,[282]forvaintitles(saithAustin),precedency,somewench,orsuchliketoy,oroutofdesireof
domineering,vainglory,malice,revenge,folly,madness,(goodlycausesall,obquasuniversusorbisbellisetcaedibusmisceatur,)whilststatesmenthemselvesin
themeantimearesecureathome,pamperedwithalldelightsandpleasures,taketheirease,andfollowtheirlusts,notconsideringwhatintolerablemiserypoor
18/48
22/03/2015
soldiersendure,theiroftenwounds,hunger,thirst,&c.,thelamentablecares,torments,calamities,andoppressionsthataccompanysuchproceedings,theyfeelnot,
takenonoticeofit.Sowarsarebegun,bythepersuasionofafewdebauched,hairbrain,poor,dissolute,hungrycaptains,parasiticalfawners,unquiethotspurs,
restlessinnovators,greenheads,tosatisfyoneman'sprivatespleen,lust,ambition,avarice,&c.talesrapiuntsceleratainpraeliacausae.Floshominum,proper
men,wellproportioned,carefullybroughtup,ablebothinbodyandmind,sound,ledlikesomany[283]beaststotheslaughterinthefloweroftheiryears,pride,and
fullstrength,withoutallremorseandpity,sacrificedtoPluto,killedupassomanysheep,fordevils'food,40,000atonce.Atonce,saidI,thatweretolerable,but
thesewarslastalways,andformanyagesnothingsofamiliarasthishackingandhewing,massacres,murders,desolationsignotocoelumclangoreremugit,they
carenotwhatmischieftheyprocure,sothattheymayenrichthemselvesforthepresenttheywillsolongblowthecoalsofcontention,tillalltheworldbeconsumed
withfire.The[284]siegeofTroylastedtenyears,eightmonths,theredied870,000Grecians,670,000Trojans,atthetakingofthecity,andafterwereslain276,000
men,women,andchildrenofallsorts.Caesarkilledamillion,[285]MahometthesecondTurk,300,000personsSiciniusDentatusfoughtinahundredbattles,eight
timesinsinglecombatheovercame,hadfortywoundsbefore,wasrewardedwith140crowns,triumphedninetimesforhisgoodservice.M.Sergiushad32wounds
Scaeva,theCenturion,IknownothowmanyeverynationhadtheirHectors,Scipios,Caesars,andAlexanders!Our[286]EdwardtheFourthwasin26battlesafoot:
andastheydoall,hegloriesinit,'tisrelatedtohishonour.AtthesiegeofHierusalem,1,100,000diedwithswordandfamine.AtthebattleofCannas,70,000men
wereslain,as[287]Polybiusrecords,andasmanyatBattleAbbeywithusand'tisnonewstofightfromsuntosun,astheydid,asConstantineandLicinius,&c.At
thesiegeofOstend(thedevil'sacademy)apoortowninrespect,asmallfort,butagreatgrave,120,000menlosttheirlives,besideswholetowns,dorps,and
hospitals,fullofmaimedsoldierstherewereengines,fireworks,andwhatsoeverthedevilcouldinventtodomischiefwith2,500,000ironbulletsshotof40pounds
weight,threeorfourmillionsofgoldconsumed.[288]Who(saithmineauthor)canbesufficientlyamazedattheirflintyhearts,obstinacy,fury,blindness,who
withoutanylikelihoodofgoodsuccess,hazardpoorsoldiers,andleadthemwithoutpitytotheslaughter,whichmayjustlybecalledtherageoffuriousbeasts,that
runwithoutreasonupontheirowndeaths:[289]quismalusgenius,quaefuriaquaepestis,&c.whatplague,whatfurybroughtsodevilish,sobrutishathingaswar
firstintomen'sminds?Whomadesosoftandpeaceableacreature,borntolove,mercy,meekness,sotorave,ragelikebeasts,andrunontotheirowndestruction?
howmayNatureexpostulatewithmankind,Egotedivinumanimalfinxi,&c.?Imadetheeanharmless,quiet,adivinecreature:howmayGodexpostulate,andall
goodmen?yet,horumfacta(as[290]onecondoles)tantumadmirantur,etheroumnumerohabent:thesearethebravespirits,thegallantsoftheworld,theseadmired
alone,triumphalone,havestatues,crowns,pyramids,obeliskstotheireternalfame,thatimmortalgeniusattendsonthem,hacituradastra.WhenRhodeswas
besieged,[291]fossaeurbiscadaveribusrepletaesunt,theditcheswerefullofdeadcarcases:andaswhenthesaidSuleiman,greatTurk,beleagueredVienna,they
laylevelwiththetopofthewalls.Thistheymakeasportof,andwilldoittotheirfriendsandconfederates,againstoaths,vows,promises,bytreacheryor
otherwise[292]dolusanvirtus?quisinhosterequirat?leaguesandlawsofarms,([293]silentlegesinterarma,)fortheiradvantage,omniajura,divina,humana,
proculcataplerumquesuntGod'sandmen'slawsaretrampledunderfoot,theswordalonedeterminesalltosatisfytheirlustandspleen,theycarenotwhatthey
attempt,say,ordo,[294]Rarafides,probitasquevirisquicastrasequuntur.Nothingsocommonastohave[295]fatherfightagainsttheson,brotheragainstbrother,
kinsmanagainstkinsman,kingdomagainstkingdom,provinceagainstprovince,ChristiansagainstChristians:aquibusnecunquamcogitationefueruntlaesi,of
whomtheyneverhadoffenceinthought,word,ordeed.Infinitetreasuresconsumed,townsburned,flourishingcitiessackedandruinated,quodqueanimus
meminissehorret,goodlycountriesdepopulatedandleftdesolate,oldinhabitantsexpelled,tradeandtrafficdecayed,maidsdeflowered,Virginesnondumthalamis
jugatae,etcomisnondumpositisephaebichastematronscryoutwithAndromache,[296]Concubitummoxcogarpatiejus,quiinteremitHectorem,theyshallbe
compelledperadventuretoliewiththemthaterstkilledtheirhusbands:toseerich,poor,sick,sound,lords,servants,eodemomnesincommodomacti,consumedall
ormaimed,&c.Etquicquidgaudensscelereanimusaudet,etperversamens,saithCyprian,andwhatsoevertorment,misery,mischief,hellitself,thedevil,[297]
furyandragecaninventtotheirownruinanddestructionsoabominableathingis[298]war,asGerbeliusconcludes,adeofoedaetabominandaresestbellum,ex
quohominumcaedes,vastationes,&c.,thescourgeofGod,cause,effect,fruitandpunishmentofsin,andnottonsurahumanigenerisasTertulliancallsit,butruina.
HadDemocritusbeenpresentatthelatecivilwarsinFrance,thoseabominablewarsbellaquematribusdetestata,[299]whereinlessthantenyears,tenthousand
menwereconsumed,saithCollignius,twentythousandchurchesoverthrownnay,thewholekingdomsubverted(as[300]RichardDinothadds).Somanymyriads
ofthecommonswerebutcheredup,withsword,famine,war,tantoodioutrinqueutbarbariadabhorrendamlanienamobstupescerent,withsuchferalhatred,the
worldwasamazedatit:oratourlatePharsalianfieldsinthetimeofHenrytheSixth,betwixtthehousesofLancasterandYork,ahundredthousandmenslain,
[301]onewrites[302]another,tenthousandfamilieswererootedout,thatnomancanbutmarvel,saithComineus,atthatbarbarousimmanity,feralmadness,
committedbetwixtmenofthesamenation,language,andreligion.[303]Quisfuror,Ocives?WhydotheGentilessofuriouslyrage,saiththeProphetDavid,
Psal.ii.1.Butwemayask,whydotheChristianssofuriouslyrage?[304]Armavolunt,quareposcunt,rapiuntquejuventus?UnfitforGentiles,muchlessforusso
totyrannise,astheSpaniardintheWestIndies,thatkilledupin42years(ifwemaybelieve[305]BartholomeusaCasa,theirownbishop)12millionsofmen,with
stupendandexquisitetormentsneithershouldIlie(saidhe)ifIsaid50millions.IomitthoseFrenchmassacres,Sicilianevensongs,[306]theDukeofAlva's
tyrannies,ourgunpowdermachinations,andthatfourthfury,as[307]onecallsit,theSpanishinquisition,whichquiteobscuresthosetenpersecutions,[308]
saevittotoMarsimpiusorbe.Isnotthis[309]mundusfuriosus,amadworld,ashetermsit,insanumbellum?arenotthesemadmen,as[310]Scaliger
concludes,quiinpraelioacerbamorte,insaniae,suaememoriamproperpetuotesterelinquuntposteritatiwhichleavesofrequentbattles,asperpetualmemorialsof
theirmadnesstoallsucceedingages?Wouldthis,thinkyou,haveenforcedourDemocritustolaughter,orrathermadehimturnhistune,alterhistone,andweep
with[311]Heraclitus,orratherhowl,[312]roar,andtearhishairincommiseration,standamazedorasthepoetsfeign,thatNiobewasforgriefquitestupefied,and
turnedtoastone?Ihavenotyetsaidtheworst,thatwhichismoreabsurdand[313]mad,intheirtumults,seditions,civilandunjustwars,[314]quodstultesucipitur,
impiegeritur,miserefinitur.SuchwarsImeanforallarenottobecondemned,asthosefantasticalAnabaptistsvainlyconceive.OurChristiantacticsarealloutas
necessaryastheRomanacies,orGrecianphalanx,tobeasoldierisamostnobleandhonourableprofession(astheworldis),nottobespared,theyareourbest
wallsandbulwarks,andIdothereforeacknowledgethatof[315]Tullytobemosttrue,Allourcivilaffairs,allourstudies,allourpleading,industry,and
commendationliesundertheprotectionofwarlikevirtues,andwhensoeverthereisanysuspicionoftumult,allourartsceasewarsaremostbehoveful,et
bellatoresagricoliscivitatisuntutiliores,as[316]Tyriusdefends:andvalourismuchtobecommendedinawisemanbuttheymistakemostpart,auferre,trucidare,
rapere,falsisnominibusvirtutemvocant,&c.('TwasGalgacus'observationinTacitus)theytermtheft,murder,andrapine,virtue,byawrongname,rapes,
slaughters,massacres,&c.jocusetludus,areprettypastimes,asLudovicusVivesnotes.[317]Theycommonlycallthemosthairbrainbloodsuckers,strongest
thieves,themostdesperatevillains,treacherousrogues,inhumanmurderers,rash,cruelanddissolutecaitiffs,courageousandgenerousspirits,heroicalandworthy
captains,[318]bravemenatarms,valiantandrenownedsoldiers,possessedwithabrutepersuasionoffalsehonour,asPontusHuterinhisBurgundianhistory
complains.Bymeansofwhichitcomestopassthatdailysomanyvoluntariesofferthemselves,leavingtheirsweetwives,children,friends,forsixpence(iftheycan
getit)aday,prostitutetheirlivesandlimbs,desiretoenteruponbreaches,liesentinel,perdu,givethefirstonset,standintheforefrontofthebattle,marching
bravelyon,withacheerfulnoiseofdrumsandtrumpets,suchvigourandalacrity,somanybannersstreamingintheair,glitteringarmours,motionsofplumes,
woodsofpikes,andswords,varietyofcolours,costandmagnificence,asiftheywentintriumph,nowvictorstotheCapitol,andwithsuchpomp,aswhenDarius'
armymarchedtomeetAlexanderatIssus.Voidofallfeartheyrunintoimminentdangers,cannon'smouth,&c.,utvulneribussuisferrumhostiumhebetent,saith
[319]Barletius,togetanameofvalour,humourandapplause,whichlastsnoteither,foritisbutamereflashthisfame,andlikearose,intradiemunumextinguitur,
'tisgoneinaninstant.Of15,000proletariesslaininabattle,scarcefifteenarerecordedinhistory,oronealone,theGeneralperhaps,andafterawhilehisandtheir
namesarelikewiseblottedout,thewholebattleitselfisforgotten.ThoseGrecianorators,summaviingeniieteloquentiae,setouttherenownedoverthrowsat
Thermopylae,Salamis,Marathon,Micale,Mantinea,Cheronaea,Plataea.TheRomansrecordtheirbattleatCannas,andPharsalianfields,buttheydobutrecord,
andwescarcehearofthem.Andyetthissupposedhonour,popularapplause,desireofimmortalitybythismeans,prideandvaingloryspurthemonmanytimes
rashlyandunadvisedly,tomakeawaythemselvesandmultitudesofothers.Alexanderwassorry,becausetherewerenomoreworldsforhimtoconquer,heis
admiredbysomeforit,animosavoxvidetur,etregia,'twasspokenlikeaPrincebutaswise[320]Senecacensureshim,'twasvoxinquissimaetstultissima,'twas
spokenlikeaBedlamfoolandthatsentencewhichthesame[321]SenecaappropriatestohisfatherPhilipandhim,Iapplytothemall,Nonminoresfuerepestes
mortaliumquaminundatio,quamconflagratio,quibus,&c.theydidasmuchmischieftomortalmenasfireandwater,thosemercilesselementswhentheyrage.
[322]Whichisyetmoretobelamented,theypersuadethemthishellishcourseoflifeisholy,theypromiseheaventosuchasventuretheirlivesbellosacro,andthat
bythesebloodywars,asPersians,Greeks,andRomansofold,asmodernTurksdonowtheircommons,toencouragethemtofight,utcadantinfeliciter.Iftheydie
inthefield,theygodirectlytoheaven,andshallbecanonisedforsaints.(Odiabolicalinvention!)putintheChronicles,inperpetuamreimemoriam,totheireternal
memory:whenasintruth,as[323]somehold,itweremuchbetter(sincewarsarethescourgeofGodforsin,bywhichhepunishethmortalmen'speevishnessand
folly)suchbrutishstoriesweresuppressed,becauseadmoruminstitutionemnihilhabent,theyconducenotatalltomanners,orgoodlife.Buttheywillhaveitthus
nevertheless,andsotheyputnoteof[324]divinityuponthemostcruelandperniciousplagueofhumankind,adoresuchmenwithgrandtitles,degrees,statues,
images,[325]honour,applaud,andhighlyrewardthemfortheirgoodservice,nogreaterglorythantodieinthefield.SoAfricanusisextolledbyEnnius:Mars,and
[326]Hercules,andIknownothowmanybesidesofold,weredeifiedwentthiswaytoheaven,thatwereindeedbloodybutchers,wickeddestroyers,andtroublers
oftheworld,prodigiousmonsters,hellhounds,feralplagues,devourers,commonexecutionersofhumankind,asLactantiustrulyproves,andCypriantoDonat,
suchasweredesperateinwars,andprecipitatelymadeawaythemselves,(likethoseCeltsinDamascen,withridiculousvalour,utdedecorosumputarentmuroruenti
sesubducere,adisgracetorunawayforarottenwall,nowreadytofallontheirheads,)suchaswillnotrushonasword'spoint,orseektoshunacannon'sshot,are
basecowards,andnovaliantmen.Bywhichmeans,Madetorbismutuosanguine,theearthwallowsinherownblood,
[327]Savitamorferrietsceleratiinsaniabelliandforthat,whichifitbedoneinprivate,amanshallberigorouslyexecuted,[328]andwhichisnolessthanmurder
19/48
22/03/2015
itselfifthesamefactbedoneinpublicinwars,itiscalledmanhood,andthepartyishonouredforit.
[329]Prosperumetfelixscelus,
Virtusvocatur.
WemeasureallasTurksdo,bytheevent,andmostpart,asCypriannotes,inallages,countries,places,saevitiaemagnitudoimpunitatemscelerisacquiritthe
foulnessofthefactvindicatestheoffender.[330]Oneiscrownedforthatwhichanotheristormented:Illecrucemscelerispreciumtulit,hicdiademamadeaknight,
alord,anearl,agreatduke,(as[331]Agrippanotes)forthatwhichanothershouldhavehungingibbets,asaterrortotherest,
[332]ettamenalter,
Sifecissetidem,caderetsubjudicemorum.
Apoorsheepstealerishangedforstealingofvictuals,compelledperadventurebynecessityofthatintolerablecold,hunger,andthirst,tosavehimselffromstarving:
buta[333]greatmaninofficemaysecurelyrobwholeprovinces,undothousands,pillandpoll,oppressadlibitum,flea,grind,tyrannise,enrichhimselfbyspoilsof
thecommons,beuncontrollableinhisactions,andafterall,berecompensedwithturgenttitles,honouredforhisgoodservice,andnomandarefindfault,or[334]
mutteratit.
HowwouldourDemocritushavebeenaffectedtoseeawickedcaitiffor[335]fool,averyidiot,afunge,agoldenass,amonsterofmen,tohavemanygoodmen,
wise,men,learnedmentoattenduponhimwithallsubmission,asanappendixtohisriches,forthatrespectalone,becausehehathmorewealthandmoney,
[336]tohonourhimwithdivinetitles,andbombastepithets,tosmotherhimwithfumesandeulogies,whomtheyknowtobeadizzard,afool,acovetouswretch,a
beast,&c.becauseheisrich?Toseesubexuviisleonisonagrum,afilthyloathsomecarcass,aGorgon'sheadpuffedupbyparasites,assumethisuntohimself,
glorioustitles,inworthaninfant,aCumanass,apaintedsepulchre,anEgyptiantemple?Toseeawitheredface,adiseased,deformed,cankeredcomplexion,a
rottencarcass,aviperousmind,andEpicureansoulsetoutwithorientpearls,jewels,diadems,perfumes,curiouselaborateworks,asproudofhisclothesasachild
ofhisnewcoatsandagoodlyperson,ofanangellikedivinecountenance,asaint,anhumblemind,ameetspiritclothedinrags,beg,andnowreadytobestarved?
Toseeasillycontemptiblesloveninapparel,raggedinhiscoat,politeinspeech,ofadivinespirit,wise?anotherneatinclothes,spruce,fullofcourtesy,emptyof
grace,wit,talknonsense?
Toseesomanylawyers,advocates,somanytribunals,solittlejusticesomanymagistrates,solittlecareofcommongoodsomanylaws,yetnevermoredisorders
Tribunallitiumsegetem,theTribunalalabyrinth,somanythousandsuitsinonecourtsometimes,soviolentlyfollowed?Toseeinjustissimumsaepejuri
praesidentem,impiumreligioni,imperitissimumeruditioni,otiosissimumlabori,monstrosumhumanitati?toseealamb[337]executed,awolfpronouncesentence,
latroarraigned,andfursitonthebench,thejudgeseverelypunishothers,anddoworsehimself,[338]cundemfurtumfacereetpunire,[339]rapinamplectere,quum
sitipseraptor?Lawsaltered,misconstrued,interpretedproandcon,asthe[340]judgeismadebyfriends,bribed,orotherwiseaffectedasanoseofwax,goodtoday,
nonetomorroworfirminhisopinion,castinhis?Sentenceprolonged,changed,adarbitriumjudicis,stillthesamecase,[341]onethrustoutofhisinheritance,
anotherfalselyputinbyfavour,falseforgeddeedsorwills.Incisaelegesnegliguntur,lawsaremadeandnotkeptorifputinexecution,[342]theybesomesilly
onesthatarepunished.As,putcaseitbefornication,thefatherwilldisinheritorabdicatehischild,quitecashierhim(out,villain,begone,comenomoreinmy
sight)apoormanismiserablytormentedwithlossofhisestateperhaps,goods,fortunes,goodname,foreverdisgraced,forsaken,andmustdopenancetothe
utmostamortalsin,andyetmaketheworstofit,nunquidaliudfecit,saithTraniointhe[343]poet,nisiquodfaciuntsummisnatigeneribus?hehathdonenomore
thanwhatgentlemenusuallydo.[344]Nequenovum,nequemirum,nequesecusquamaliisolent.Forinagreatperson,rightworshipfulSir,arighthonourable
grandee,'tisnotavenialsin,no,notapeccadillo,'tisnooffenceatall,acommonandordinarything,nomantakesnoticeofithejustifiesitinpublic,and
peradventurebragsofit,
[345]Namquodturpebonis,Titio,Seioque,decebat
Crispinum
Forwhatwouldbebaseingoodmen,Titius,andSeius,becameCrispinus.
[346]Manypoormen,youngerbrothers,&c.byreasonofbadpolicyandidleeducation(fortheyarelikelybroughtupinnocalling),arecompelledtobegorsteal,
andthenhangedfortheftthanwhich,whatcanbemoreignominious,nonminusenimturpeprincipimultasupplicia,quammedicomultafunera,'tisthegovernor's
fault.Libentiusverberantquamdocent,asschoolmastersdorathercorrecttheirpupils,thanteachthemwhentheydoamiss.[347]Theyhadmoreneedprovide
thereshouldbenomorethievesandbeggars,astheyoughtwithgoodpolicy,andtakeawaytheoccasions,thanletthemrunon,astheydototheirowndestruction:
rootoutlikewisethosecausesofwrangling,amultitudeoflawyers,andcomposecontroversies,liteslustralesetseculares,bysomemorecompendiousmeans.
Whereasnowforeverytoyandtrifletheygotolaw,[348]Mugitlitibusinsanumforum,etsaevitinvicemdiscordantiumrabies,theyarereadytopulloutone
another'sthroatsandforcommodity[349]tosqueezeblood,saithHierom,outoftheirbrother'sheart,defame,lie,disgrace,backbite,rail,bearfalsewitness,
swear,forswear,fightandwrangle,spendtheirgoods,lives,fortunes,friends,undooneanother,toenrichanharpyadvocate,thatpreysuponthemboth,andcries
EiaSocrates,EiaXantippeorsomecorruptjudge,thatlikethe[350]kiteinAesop,whilethemouseandfrogfought,carriedbothaway.Generallytheypreyone
uponanotherassomanyravenousbirds,brutebeasts,devouringfishes,nomedium,[351]omneshicautcaptanturautcaptantautcadaveraquaelacerantur,autcorvi
quilacerant,eitherdeceiveorbedeceivedtearothersorbetorninpiecesthemselveslikesomanybucketsinawell,asonerisethanotherfalleth,one'sempty,
another'sfullhisruinisaladdertothethirdsuchareourordinaryproceedings.What'sthemarket?Aplace,accordingto[352]Anacharsis,whereintheycozenone
another,atrapnay,what'stheworlditself?[353]Avastchaos,aconfusionofmanners,asfickleastheair,domiciliuminsanorum,aturbulenttroopfullof
impurities,amartofwalkingspirits,goblins,thetheatreofhypocrisy,ashopofknavery,flattery,anurseryofvillainy,thesceneofbabbling,theschoolof
giddiness,theacademyofviceawarfare,ubivelisnolispugnandum,autvincasautsuccumbas,inwhichkillorbekilledwhereineverymanisforhimself,his
privateends,andstandsuponhisownguard.Nocharity,[354]love,friendship,fearofGod,alliance,affinity,consanguinity,Christianity,cancontainthem,butif
theybeanywaysoffended,orthatstringofcommoditybetouched,theyfallfoul.Oldfriendsbecomebitterenemiesonasuddenfortoysandsmalloffences,and
theythaterstwerewillingtodoallmutualofficesofloveandkindness,nowrevileandpersecuteoneanothertodeath,withmorethanVatinianhatred,andwillnot
bereconciled.Solongastheyarebehoveful,theylove,ormaybesteadeachother,butwhenthereisnomoregoodtobeexpected,astheydobyanolddog,hang
himuporcashierhim:which[355]Catocountsagreatindecorum,tousemenlikeoldshoesorbrokenglasses,whichareflungtothedunghillhecouldnotfindin
hishearttosellanoldox,muchlesstoturnawayanoldservant:buttheyinsteadofrecompense,revilehim,andwhentheyhavemadehimaninstrumentoftheir
villainy,as[356]BajazetthesecondEmperoroftheTurksdidbyAcomethesBassa,makehimaway,orinsteadof[357]reward,hatehimtodeath,asSiliuswas
servedbyTiberius.Inaword,everymanforhisownends.Oursummumbonumiscommodity,andthegoddessweadoreDeamoneta,Queenmoney,towhomwe
dailyoffersacrifice,whichsteersourhearts,hands,[358]affections,all:thatmostpowerfulgoddess,bywhomwearereared,depressed,elevated,[359]esteemedthe
solecommandressofouractions,forwhichwepray,run,ride,go,come,labour,andcontendasfishesdoforacrumbthatfallethintothewater.It'snotworth,
virtue,(that'sbonumtheatrale,)wisdom,valour,learning,honesty,religion,oranysufficiencyforwhichwearerespected,but[360]money,greatness,office,
honour,authorityhonestyisaccountedfollyknavery,policy[361]menadmiredoutofopinion,notastheyare,butastheyseemtobe:suchshifting,lying,
cogging,plotting,counterplotting,temporizing,nattering,cozening,dissembling,[362]thatofnecessityonemusthighlyoffendGodifhebeconformabletothe
world,CretizarecumCrete,orelseliveincontempt,disgraceandmisery.Onetakesuponhimtemperance,holiness,anotherausterity,athirdanaffectedkindof
simplicity,whenasindeed,he,andhe,andhe,andtherestare[363]hypocrites,ambidexters,outsides,somanyturningpictures,alionontheoneside,alambon
theother.[364]HowwouldDemocritushavebeenaffectedtoseethesethings!
Toseeamanturnhimselfintoallshapeslikeachameleon,orasProteus,omniatransformansseseinmiracularerum,toacttwentypartsandpersonsatonce,forhis
advantage,totemporiseandvarylikeMercurytheplanet,goodwithgoodbadwithbadhavingaseveralface,garb,andcharacterforeveryonehemeetsofall
religions,humours,inclinationstofawnlikeaspaniel,mentitisetmimicisobsequisragelikealion,barklikeacur,fightlikeadragon,stinglikeaserpent,asmeek
asalamb,andyetagaingrinlikeatiger,weeplikeacrocodile,insultoversome,andyetothersdomineeroverhim,herecommand,therecrouch,tyranniseinone
place,bebaffledinanother,awisemanathome,afoolabroadtomakeothersmerry.
Toseesomuchdifferencebetwixtwordsanddeeds,somanyparasangsbetwixttongueandheart,menlikestageplayersactvarietyofparts,[365]givegood
preceptstoothers,soaraloft,whilsttheythemselvesgrovelontheground.
Toseeamanprotestfriendship,kisshishand,[366]quemmallettruncatumvidere,[367]smilewithanintenttodomischief,orcozenhimwhomhesalutes,
[368]magnifyhisfriendunworthywithhyperbolicaleulogiumshisenemyalbeitagoodman,tovilifyanddisgracehim,yeaallhisactions,withtheutmostthat
livorandmalicecaninvent.
Toseea[369]servantabletobuyouthismaster,himthatcarriesthemacemoreworththanthemagistrate,whichPlato,lib.11,deleg.,absolutelyforbids,Epictetus
20/48
22/03/2015
abhors.Ahorsethattillsthe[370]landfedwithchaff,anidlejadehaveprovenderinabundancehimthatmakesshoesgobarefoothimself,himthatsellsmeat
almostpinedatoilingdrudgestarve,adroneflourish.
Toseemenbuysmokeforwares,castlesbuiltwithfools'heads,menlikeapesfollowthefashionsintires,gestures,actions:ifthekinglaugh,alllaugh
[371]Rides?majorechachiano
Concutitur,fletsilachrymasconspexitamici.
[372]Alexanderstooped,sodidhiscourtiersAlphonsusturnedhishead,andsodidhisparasites.[373]SabinaPoppea,Nero'swife,woreambercolouredhair,sodid
alltheRomanladiesinaninstant,herfashionwastheirs.
Toseemenwhollyledbyaffection,admiredandcensuredoutofopinionwithoutjudgment:aninconsideratemultitude,likesomanydogsinavillage,ifonebark
allbarkwithoutacause:asfortune'sfanturns,ifamanbeinfavour,orcommandedbysomegreatone,alltheworldapplaudshim[374]ifindisgrace,inaninstant
allhatehim,andasatthesunwhenheiseclipsed,thatersttooknonotice,nowgazeandstareuponhim.
Toseeaman[375]wearhisbrainsinhisbelly,hisgutsinhishead,anhundredoaksonhisback,todevourahundredoxenatameal,naymore,todevourhouses
andtowns,orasthoseAnthropophagi,[376]toeatoneanother.
Toseeamanrollhimselfuplikeasnowball,frombasebeggarytorightworshipfulandrighthonourabletitles,unjustlytoscrewhimselfintohonoursandoffices
anothertostarvehisgenius,damnhissoultogatherwealth,whichheshallnotenjoy,whichhisprodigalsonmeltsandconsumesinaninstant.[377]
Toseetheofourtimes,amanbendallhisforces,means,time,fortunes,tobeafavorite'sfavorite'sfavorite,&c.,aparasite'sparasite'sparasite,thatmay
scorntheservileworldashavingenoughalready.
Toseeanhirsutebeggar'sbrat,thatlatelyfedonscraps,creptandwhined,cryingtoall,andforanoldjerkinranoferrands,nowruffleinsilkandsatin,bravely
mounted,jovialandpolite,nowscornhisoldfriendsandfamiliars,neglecthiskindred,insultoverhisbetters,domineeroverall.
Toseeascholarcrouchandcreeptoanilliteratepeasantforameal'smeatascrivenerbetterpaidforanobligationafalconerreceivegreaterwagesthanastudenta
lawyergetmoreinadaythanaphilosopherinayear,betterrewardforanhour,thanascholarforatwelvemonth'sstudyhimthatcan[378]paintThais,playona
fiddle,curlhair,&c.,soonergetprefermentthanaphilologerorapoet.
Toseeafondmother,likeAesop'sape,hugherchildtodeath,a[379]wittolwinkathiswife'shonesty,andtooperspicuousinallotheraffairsonestumbleata
straw,andleapoverablockrobPeter,andpayPaulscrapeunjustsumswithonehand,purchasegreatmanorsbycorruption,fraudandcozenage,andliberallyto
distributetothepoorwiththeother,givearemnanttopioususes,&c.Pennywise,poundfoolishblindmenjudgeofcolourswisemensilent,foolstalk[380]find
faultwithothers,anddoworsethemselves[381]denouncethatinpublicwhichhedothinsecretandwhichAureliusVictorgivesoutofAugustus,severelycensure
thatinathird,ofwhichheismostguiltyhimself.
Toseeapoorfellow,oranhiredservantventurehislifeforhisnewmasterthatwillscarcegivehimhiswagesatyear'sendAcountrycolontoilandmoil,tilland
drudgeforaprodigalidledrone,thatdevoursallthegain,orlasciviouslyconsumeswithfantasticalexpensesAnoblemaninabravadotoencounterdeath,andfora
smallflashofhonourtocastawayhimselfAworldlingtrembleatanexecutor,andyetnotfearhellfireTowishandhopeforimmortality,desiretobehappy,and
yetbyallmeansavoiddeath,anecessarypassagetobringhimtoit.
ToseeafoolhardyfellowlikethoseoldDanes,quidecollarimaluntquamverberari,dieratherthanbepunished,inasottishhumourembracedeathwithalacrity,yet
[382]scorntolamenthisownsinsandmiseries,orhisclearestfriends'departures.
Toseewisemendegraded,foolspreferred,onegoverntownsandcities,andyetasillywomanoverruleshimathome[383]Commandaprovince,andyethisown
servantsorchildrenprescribelawstohim,asThemistocles'sondidinGreece[384]WhatIwill(saidhe)mymotherwill,andwhatmymotherwill,myfather
doth.Toseehorsesrideinacoach,mendrawitdogsdevourtheirmasterstowersbuildmasonschildrenruleoldmengotoschoolwomenwearthebreeches
[385]sheepdemolishtowns,devourmen,&c.Andinaword,theworldturnedupsidedownward.OviveretDemocritus.
[386]ToinsistineveryparticularwereoneofHercules'labours,there'ssomanyridiculousinstances,asmotesinthesun.Quantumestinrebusinane?(Howmuch
vanitythereisinthings!)Andwhocanspeakofall?Crimineabunodisceomnes,takethisforataste.
Buttheseareobvioustosense,trivialandwellknown,easytobediscerned.HowwouldDemocritushavebeenmoved,hadheseen[387]thesecretsoftheirhearts?
Ifeverymanhadawindowinhisbreast,whichMomuswouldhavehadinVulcan'sman,orthatwhichTullysomuchwisheditwerewrittenineveryman's
forehead,Quidquisquederepublicasentiret,whathethoughtorthatitcouldbeeffectedinaninstant,whichMercurydidbyCharoninLucian,bytouchingofhis
eyes,tomakehimdiscernsemeletsimulrumoresetsusurros.
Speshominumcaecas,morbos,votumquelabores,
Etpassimtotovolitantesaetherecuras.
Blindhopesandwishes,theirthoughtsandaffairs,
Whispersandrumours,andthoseflyingcares.
Thathecouldcubiculorumobductasforasrecludereetsecretacordiumpenetrare,which[388]Cypriandesired,opendoorsandlocks,shootbolts,asLucian'sGallus
didwithafeatherofhistail:orGyges'invisiblering,orsomerareperspectiveglass,orOtacousticon,whichwouldsomultiplyspecies,thatamanmighthearand
seeallatonce(as[389]MartianusCapella'sJupiterdidinaspearwhichheheldinhishand,whichdidpresentuntohimallthatwasdailydoneuponthefaceofthe
earth),observecuckolds'horns,forgeriesofalchemists,thephilosopher'sstone,newprojectors,&c.,andallthoseworksofdarkness,foolishvows,hopes,fearsand
wishes,whatadealoflaughterwouldithaveafforded?Heshouldhaveseenwindmillsinoneman'shead,anhornet'snestinanother.Orhadhebeenpresentwith
IcaromenippusinLucianatJupiter'swhisperingplace,[390]andheardoneprayforrain,anotherforfairweatheroneforhiswife's,anotherforhisfather'sdeath,
&c.toaskthatatGod'shandwhichtheyareabashedanymanshouldhear:Howwouldhehavebeenconfounded?Wouldhe,thinkyou,oranymanelse,saythat
thesemenwerewellintheirwits?HaecsaniessehominisquissanusjuretOrestes?CanallthehelleboreintheAnticyraecurethesemen?No,sure,[391]anacreof
helleborewillnotdoit.
Thatwhichismoretobelamented,theyaremadlikeSeneca'sblindwoman,andwillnotacknowledge,or[392]seekforanycureofit,forpaucividentmorbum
suum,omnesamant.Ifourlegorarmoffendus,wecovetbyallmeanspossibletoredressit[393]andifwelabourofabodilydisease,wesendforaphysicianbut
forthediseasesofthemindwetakenonoticeofthem:[394]Lustharrowsusontheonesideenvy,anger,ambitionontheother.Wearetorninpiecesbyour
passions,assomanywildhorses,oneindisposition,anotherinhabitoneismelancholy,anothermad[395]andwhichofusallseeksforhelp,dothacknowledgehis
error,orknowsheissick?Asthatstupidfellowputoutthecandlebecausethebitingfleasshouldnotfindhimheshroudshimselfinanunknownhabit,borrowed
titles,becausenobodyshoulddiscernhim.Everymanthinkswithhimself,Egometvideormihisanus,Iamwell,Iamwise,andlaughsatothers.And'tisageneral
faultamongstthemall,that[396]whichourforefathershaveapproved,diet,apparel,opinions,humours,customs,manners,wederideandrejectinourtimeas
absurd.Oldmenaccountjuniorsallfools,whentheyaremeredizzardsandastosailors,terraequeurbesquerecedunttheymove,thelandstandsstill,
theworldhathmuchmorewit,theydotethemselves.Turksderideus,wethemItaliansFrenchmen,accountingthemlightheadedfellows,theFrenchscoffagainat
Italians,andattheirseveralcustomsGreekshavecondemnedalltheworldbutthemselvesofbarbarism,theworldasmuchvilifiesthemnowweaccountGermans
heavy,dullfellows,explodemanyoftheirfashionstheyascontemptiblythinkofusSpaniardslaughatall,andallagainatthem.Soarewefoolsandridiculous,
absurdinouractions,carriages,diet,apparel,customs,andconsultationswe[397]scoffandpointoneatanother,whenasinconclusionallarefools,[398]and
theytheveriestassesthathidetheirearsmost.Aprivatemanifheberesolvedwithhimself,orsetonanopinion,accountsallidiotsandassesthatarenotaffected
asheis,[399]nilrectum,nisiquodplacuitsibi,ducit,thatarenotsominded,[400](quodquevolunthominessebenevelleputant,)allfoolsthatthinknotas
hedoth:hewillnotsaywithAtticus,Suamquisquesponsam,mihimeam,leteverymanenjoyhisownspousebuthisaloneisfair,suusamor,&c.andscornsallin
respectofhimself[401]willimitatenone,hearnone[402]buthimself,asPlinysaid,alawandexampletohimself.AndthatwhichHippocrates,inhisepistleto
Dionysius,reprehendedofold,isverifiedinourtimes,Quisqueinaliosuperfluumessecenset,ipsequodnonhabetneccurat,thatwhichhehathnothimselfordoth
21/48
22/03/2015
notesteem,heaccountssuperfluity,anidlequality,amerefopperyinanother:likeAesop'sfox,whenhehadlosthistail,wouldhaveallhisfellowfoxescutoff
theirs.TheChinesesay,thatweEuropeanshaveoneeye,theythemselvestwo,alltheworldelseisblind:(though[403]Scaligeraccountsthembrutestoo,merum
pecus,)sothouandthysectariesareonlywise,othersindifferent,therestbesidethemselves,mereidiotsandasses.Thusnotacknowledgingourownerrorsand
imperfections,wesecurelyderideothers,asifwealonewerefree,andspectatorsoftherest,accountingitanexcellentthing,asindeeditis,Alienaoptimumfrui
insania,tomakeourselvesmerrywithothermen'sobliquities,whenashehimselfismorefaultythantherest,mutatonomine,detefabulanarratur,hemaytake
himselfbythenoseforafoolandwhichonecallsmaximumstultitiaespecimen,toberidiculoustoothers,andnottoperceiveortakenoticeofit,asMarsyaswas
whenhecontendedwithApollo,nonintelligenssederidiculohaberi,saith[404]Apuleius'tishisowncause,heisaconvictedmadman,as[405]Austinwellinfers
intheeyesofwisemenandangelsheseemslikeone,thattoourthinkingwalkswithhisheelsupwards.Sothoulaughestatme,andIatthee,bothatathirdand
hereturnsthatofthepoetuponusagain,[406]Heimihi,insaniremeaiunt,quumipsiultroinsaniant.Weaccuseothersofmadness,offolly,andaretheveriest
dizzardsourselves.Foritisagreatsignandpropertyofafool(whichEccl.x.3,pointsat)outofprideandselfconceittoinsult,vilify,condemn,censure,andcall
othermenfools(Nonvidemusmanticaequodatergoest)totaxthatinothersofwhichwearemostfaultyteachthatwhichwefollownotourselves:Foran
inconstantmantowriteofconstancy,aprofaneliverprescriberulesofsanctityandpiety,adizzardhimselfmakeatreatiseofwisdom,orwithSallusttorail
downrightatspoilersofcountries,andyetin[407]officetobeamostgrievouspollerhimself.Thisarguesweakness,andisanevidentsignofsuchparties'
indiscretion.[408]Peccatuternostrumcrucedignius?Whoisthefoolnow?Orelseperadventureinsomeplacesweareallmadforcompany,andso'tisnotseen,
Satietaserrorisetdementiae,pariterabsurditatemetadmirationemtollit.'Tiswithus,asitwasofold(in[409]Tully'scensureatleast)withC.PimbriainRome,a
bold,hairbrain,madfellow,andsoesteemedofall,suchonlyexcepted,thatwereasmadashimself:nowinsuchacasethereis[410]nonoticetakenofit.
Nimiruminsanuspaucisvideatureoquod
Maximaparshominummorbojactatureodem.
Whenallaremad,whereallarelikeopprest
Whocandiscernonemadmanfromtherest?
Butputcasetheydoperceiveit,andsomeonebemanifestlyconvictedofmadness,[411]henowtakesnoticeofhisfolly,beitinaction,gesture,speech,avain
humourhehathinbuilding,bragging,jangling,spending,gaming,courting,scribbling,prating,forwhichheisridiculoustoothers,[412]onwhichhedotes,hedoth
acknowledgeasmuch:yetwithalltherhetoricthouhast,thoucanstnotsorecallhim,buttothecontrarynotwithstanding,hewillpersevereinhisdotage.'Tis
amabilisinsania,etmentisgratissimuserror,sopleasing,sodelicious,thathe[413]cannotleaveit.Heknowshiserror,butwillnotseektodeclineit,tellhimwhat
theeventwillbe,beggary,sorrow,sickness,disgrace,shame,loss,madness,yet[414]anangrymanwillprefervengeance,alascivioushiswhore,athiefhisbooty,
agluttonhisbelly,beforehiswelfare.Tellanepicure,acovetousman,anambitiousmanofhisirregularcourse,weanhimfromitalittle,polmeoccidistisamici,
hecriesanon,youhaveundonehim,andas[415]adogtohisvomit,hereturnstoitagainnopersuasionwilltakeplace,nocounsel,saywhatthoucanst,
Clameslicetetmarecoelo
Confundas,surdonarras,[416]
demonstrateasUlyssesdidto[417]ElpenorandGryllus,andtherestofhiscompanionsthoseswinishmen,heisirrefragableinhishumour,hewillbeahogstill
brayhiminamortar,hewillbethesame.Ifhebeinanheresy,orsomeperverseopinion,settledassomeofourignorantPapistsare,convincehisunderstanding,
showhimtheseveralfolliesandabsurdfopperiesofthatsect,forcehimtosay,verisvincor,makeitasclearasthesun,[418]hewillerrstill,peevishandobstinate
asheisandashesaid[419]siinhocerro,libentererro,nechuncerroremauferrimihivoloIwilldoasIhavedone,asmypredecessorshavedone,[420]andasmy
friendsnowdo:Iwilldoteforcompany.Saynow,arethesemen[421]madorno,[422]Heusageresponde?aretheyridiculous?cedoquemvisarbitrum,arethey
sanaementis,sober,wise,anddiscreet?havetheycommonsense?[423]uterestinsaniorhorum?IamofDemocritus'opinionformypart,Iholdthemworthy
tobelaughedatacompanyofbrainsickdizzards,asmadas[424]OrestesandAthamas,thattheymaygoridetheass,andallsailalongtotheAnticyrae,inthe
shipoffoolsforcompanytogether.IneednotmuchlabourtoprovethiswhichIsayotherwisethanthus,makeanysolemnprotestation,orswear,Ithinkyouwill
believemewithoutanoathsayataword,aretheyfools?Ireferittoyou,thoughyoubelikewisefoolsandmadmenyourselves,andIasmadtoaskthequestion
forwhatsaidourcomicalMercury?
[425]Justumabinjustispetereinsipientiaest.
I'llstandtoyourcensureyet,whatthinkyou?
ButforasmuchasIundertookatfirst,thatkingdoms,provinces,families,weremelancholyaswellasprivatemen,Iwillexaminetheminparticular,andthatwhichI
havehithertodilatedatrandom,inmoregeneralterms,Iwillparticularlyinsistin,provewithmorespecialandevidentarguments,testimonies,illustrations,andthat
inbrief.[426]Nuncaccipequaredesipiantomnesaequeactu.MyfirstargumentisborrowedfromSolomon,anarrowdrawnoutofhissententiousquiver,Pro.iii.7,
Benotwiseinthineowneyes.Andxxvi.12,Seestthouamanwiseinhisownconceit?morehopeisofafoolthanofhim.Isaiahpronouncethawoeagainst
suchmen,cap.v.21,thatarewiseintheirowneyes,andprudentintheirownsight.Forhencewemaygather,thatitisagreatoffence,andmenaremuch
deceivedthatthinktoowellofthemselves,anespecialargumenttoconvincethemoffolly.Manymen(saith[427]Seneca)hadbeenwithoutquestionwise,had
theynothadanopinionthattheyhadattainedtoperfectionofknowledgealready,evenbeforetheyhadgonehalfway,tooforward,tooripe,praeproperi,tooquick
andready,[428]citoprudentes,citopii,citomariti,citopatres,citosacerdotes,citoomnisofficiicapacesetcuriosi,theyhadtoogoodaconceitofthemselves,and
thatmarredalloftheirworth,valour,skill,art,learning,judgment,eloquence,theirgoodpartsalltheirgeeseareswans,andthatmanifestlyprovesthemtobeno
betterthanfools.Informertimestheyhadbutsevenwisemen,nowyoucanscarcefindsomanyfools.Thalessentthegoldentripos,whichthefishermenfound,
andtheoraclecommandedtobe[429]giventothewisest,toBias,BiastoSolon,&c.Ifsuchathingwerenowfound,weshouldallfightforit,asthethree
goddessesdidforthegoldenapple,wearesowise:wehavewomenpoliticians,childrenmetaphysicianseverysillyfellowcansquareacircle,makeperpetual
motions,findthephilosopher'sstone,interpretApocalypses,makenewTheories,anewsystemoftheworld,newLogic,newPhilosophy,&c.Nostrautiqueregio,
saith[430]Petronius,ourcountryissofullofdeifiedspirits,divinesouls,thatyoumaysoonerfindaGodthanamanamongstus,wethinksowellofourselves,
andthatisanampletestimonyofmuchfolly.
MysecondargumentisgroundeduponthelikeplaceofScripture,whichthoughbeforementionedineffect,yetforsomereasonsistoberepeated(andbyPlato's
goodleave,Imaydoit,[431])Fools(saithDavid)byreasonoftheirtransgressions.&c.Psal.cvii.17.HenceMusculusinfers
alltransgressorsmustneedsbefools.SowereadRom.ii.,Tribulationandanguishonthesoulofeverymanthatdoethevilbutalldoevil.AndIsaiah,lxv.14,
Myservantshallsingforjoy,and[432]yeshallcryforsorrowofheart,andvexationofmind.'Tisratifiedbythecommonconsentofallphilosophers.
Dishonesty(saithCardan)isnothingelsebutfollyandmadness.[433]Probusquisnobiscumvivit?Showmeanhonestman,Nemomalusquinonstultus,'tis
Fabius'aphorismtothesameend.Ifnonehonest,nonewise,thenallfools.Andwellmaytheybesoaccounted:forwhowillaccounthimotherwise,Quiiteradornat
inoccidentem,quumproperaretinorientem?thatgoesbackwardallhislife,westward,whenheisboundtotheeast?orholdhimawiseman(saith[434]Musculus)
thatprefersmomentarypleasurestoeternity,thatspendshismaster'sgoodsinhisabsence,forthwithtobecondemnedforit?Nequicquamsapitquisibinonsapit,
whowillsaythatasickmaniswise,thateatsanddrinkstooverthrowthetemperatureofhisbody?Canyouaccounthimwiseordiscreetthatwouldwillinglyhave
hishealth,andyetwilldonothingthatshouldprocureorcontinueit?[435]Theodoret,outofPlotinusthePlatonist,holdsitaridiculousthingforamantoliveafter
hisownlaws,todothatwhichisoffensivetoGod,andyettohopethatheshouldsavehim:andwhenhevoluntarilyneglectshisownsafety,andcontemnsthe
means,tothinktobedeliveredbyanother:whowillsaythesemenarewise?
Athirdargumentmaybederivedfromtheprecedent,[436]allmenarecarriedawaywithpassion,discontent,lust,pleasures,&c.,theygenerallyhatethosevirtues
theyshouldlove,andlovesuchvicestheyshouldhate.Thereforemorethanmelancholy,quitemad,brutebeasts,andvoidofreason,soChrysostomcontendsor
ratherdeadandburiedalive,as[437]PhiloJudeusconcludesitforacertainty,ofallsuchthatarecarriedawaywithpassions,orlabourofanydiseaseofthemind.
Whereisfearandsorrow,there[438]Lactantiusstifflymaintains,wisdomcannotdwell,
quicupiet,metuetquoqueporro,
Quimetuensvivit,libermihinoneritunquam.[439]
Senecaandtherestofthestoicsareofopinion,thatwhereisanytheleastperturbation,wisdommaynotbefound.Whatmoreridiculous,as[440]Lactantius
urges,thantohearhowXerxeswhippedtheHellespont,threatenedtheMountainAthos,andthelike.Tospeakadrem,whoisfreefrompassion?[441]Mortalis
nemoestquemnonattingatdolor,morbusve,as[442]Tullydeterminesoutofanoldpoem,nomortalmencanavoidsorrowandsickness,andsorrowisan
inseparablecompanionfrommelancholy.[443]Chrysostompleadsfartheryet,thattheyaremorethanmad,verybeasts,stupefiedandvoidofcommonsense:For
how(saithhe)shallIknowtheetobeaman,whenthoukickestlikeanass,neighestlikeahorseafterwomen,ravestinlustlikeabull,ravenestlikeabear,
stingestlikeascorpion,rakestlikeawolf,assubtleasafox,asimpudentasadog?ShallIsaythouartaman,thathastallthesymptomsofabeast?HowshallI
knowtheetobeaman?bythyshape?Thataffrightsmemore,whenIseeabeastinlikenessofaman.
22/48
22/03/2015
[444]SenecacallsthatofEpicurus,magnificamvocem,anheroicalspeech,Afoolstillbeginstolive,andaccountsitafilthylightnessinmen,everydaytolay
newfoundationsoftheirlife,butwhodothotherwise?Onetravels,anotherbuildsoneforthis,anotherforthatbusiness,andoldfolksareasfaroutastherestO
dementemsenectutem,Tullyexclaims.Thereforeyoung,old,middleage,areallstupid,anddote.
[445]AeneasSylvius,amongstmanyother,setsdownthreespecialwaystofindafoolby.Heisafoolthatseeksthathecannotfind:heisafoolthatseeksthat,
whichbeingfoundwilldohimmoreharmthangood:heisafool,thathavingvarietyofwaystobringhimtohisjourney'send,takesthatwhichisworst.Ifso,
methinksmostmenarefoolsexaminetheircourses,andyoushallsoonperceivewhatdizzardsandmadmenthemajorpartare.
Beroalduswillhavedrunkards,afternoonmen,andsuchasmorethanordinarilydelightindrink,tobemad.Thefirstpotquencheththirst,soPanyasisthepoet
determinesinAthenaeus,secundagratiis,horisetDyonisio:thesecondmakesmerry,thethirdforpleasure,quarta,adinsaniam,thefourthmakesthemmad.Ifthis
positionbetrue,whatacatalogueofmadmenshallwehave?whatshalltheybethatdrinkfourtimesfour?Nonnesupraomnemfurorem,supraomneminsanian
redduntinsanissimos?Iamofhisopinion,theyaremorethanmad,muchworsethanmad.
The[446]AbderitescondemnedDemocritusforamadman,becausehewassometimessad,andsometimesagainprofuselymerry.HacPatria(saithHippocrates)ob
risumfurereetinsaniredicunt,hiscountrymenholdhimmadbecausehelaughs[447]andthereforehedesireshimtoadviseallhisfriendsatRhodes,thattheydo
notlaughtoomuch,orbeoversad.HadthoseAbderitesbeenconversantwithus,andbutseenwhat[448]fleeringandgrinningthereisinthisage,theywould
certainlyhaveconcluded,wehadbeenalloutofourwits.
AristotleinhisEthicsholdsfelixidemquesapiens,tobewiseandhappy,arereciprocalterms,bonusidemquesapienshonestus.'Tis[449]Tully'sparadox,wise
menarefree,butfoolsareslaves,libertyisapowertoliveaccordingtohisownlaws,aswewillourselves:whohaththisliberty?whoisfree?
[450]sapienssibiqueimperiosus,
Quemnequepauperis,nequemors,nequevinculaterrent,
Responsarecupidinibus,contemnerehonores
Fortis,etinseipsototusteresatquerotundus.
Heiswisethatcancommandhisownwill,
Valiantandconstanttohimselfstill,
Whompovertynordeath,norbandscanfright,
Checkshisdesires,scornshonours,justandright.
Butwhereshallsuchamanbefound?Ifnowhere,thenediametro,weareallslaves,senseless,orworse.Nemomalusfelix.Butnomanishappyinthislife,none
good,thereforenomanwise.[451]RariquippeboniForonevirtueyoushallfindtenvicesinthesamepartypauciPromethei,multiEpimethei.Wemay
peradventureusurpthename,orattributeittoothersforfavour,asCarolusSapiens,PhilippusBonus,LodovicusPius,&c.,anddescribethepropertiesofawise
man,asTullydothanorator,XenophonCyrus,Castilioacourtier,Galentemperament,anaristocracyisdescribedbypoliticians.Butwhereshallsuchamanbe
found?
Virbonusetsapiens,qualemvixrepperitunum
MillibusemultishominumconsultusApollo.
Awise,agoodmaninamillion,
Apolloconsultedcouldscarcefindone.
Amanisamiracleofhimself,butTrismegistusadds,Maximummiraculumhomosapiens,awisemanisawonder:multiThirsigeri,pauciBacchi.
AlexanderwhenhewaspresentedwiththatrichandcostlycasketofkingDarius,andeverymanadvisedhimwhattoputinit,hereservedittokeepHomer'sworks,
asthemostpreciousjewelofhumanwit,andyet[452]ScaligerupbraidsHomer'smuse,Nutriceminsanaesapientiae,anurseryofmadness,[453]impudentasa
courtlady,thatblushesatnothing.JacobusMycillus,GilbertusCognatus,Erasmus,andalmostallposterityadmireLucian'sluxuriantwit,yetScaligerrejectshimin
hiscensure,andcallshimtheCerberusofthemuses.Socrates,whomalltheworldsomuchmagnified,isbyLactantiusandTheodoretcondemnedforafool.
PlutarchextolsSeneca'switbeyondalltheGreeks,nullisecundus,yet[454]Senecasaithofhimself,whenIwouldsolacemyselfwithafool,Ireflectuponmyself,
andthereIhavehim.Cardan,inhisSixteenthBookofSubtleties,reckonsuptwelvesupereminent,acutephilosophers,forworth,subtlety,andwisdom:
Archimedes,Galen,Vitruvius,ArchitasTarentinus,Euclid,Geber,thatfirstinventorofAlgebra,AlkindustheMathematician,bothArabians,withothers.Buthis
triumviriterrarumfarbeyondtherest,arePtolomaeus,Plotinus,Hippocrates.Scaligerexercitat.224,scoffsatthiscensureofhis,callssomeofthemcarpentersand
mechanicians,hemakesGalenfimbriamHippocratis,askirtofHippocrates:andthesaid[455]CardanhimselfelsewherecondemnsbothGalenandHippocratesfor
tediousness,obscurity,confusion.Paracelsuswillhavethembothmereidiots,infantsinphysicandphilosophy.ScaligerandCardanadmireSuissettheCalculator,
quipenemodumexcessithumaniingenii,andyet[456]Lod.VivescallsthemnugasSuisseticas:andCardan,oppositetohimselfinanotherplace,contemnsthose
ancientsinrespectoftimespresent,[457]Majoresquenostrosadpresentescollatosjustepuerosappellari.Inconclusion,thesaid[458]CardanandSaintBernardwill
admitnoneintothiscatalogueofwisemen,[459]butonlyprophetsandapostleshowtheyesteemthemselves,youhaveheardbefore.Weareworldlywise,admire
ourselves,andseekforapplause:buthearSaint[460]Bernard,quantomagisforasessapiens,tantomagisintusstultusefficeris,&c.inomnibusesprudens,circa
teipsuminsipiens:themorewisethouarttoothers,themorefooltothyself.Imaynotdenybutthatthereissomefollyapproved,adivinefury,aholymadness,even
aspiritualdrunkennessinthesaintsofGodthemselvessanctuminsaniumBernardcallsit(thoughnotasblaspheming[461]Vorstius,wouldinferitasapassion
incidenttoGodhimself,but)familiartogoodmen,asthatofPaul,2Cor.hewasafool,&c.andRom.ix.hewishethhimselftobeanathematisedforthem.Such
isthatdrunkennesswhichFicinusspeaksof,whenthesouliselevatedandravishedwithadivinetasteofthatheavenlynectar,whichpoetsdecipheredbythe
sacrificeofDionysius,andinthissensewiththepoet,[462]insanirelubet,asAustinexhortsus,adebrietatemsequisqueparet,let'sallbemadand[463]drunk.But
wecommonlymistake,andgobeyondourcommission,wereeltotheoppositepart,[464]wearenotcapableofit,[465]andashesaidoftheGreeks,VosGraeci
semperpueri,vosBritanni,Galli,Germani,Itali,&c.youareacompanyoffools.
Proceednowapartibusadtotum,orfromthewholetoparts,andyoushallfindnootherissue,thepartsshallbesufficientlydilatedinthisfollowingPreface.The
wholemustneedsfollowbyasoritesorinduction.Everymultitudeismad,[466]belluamultorumcapitum,(amanyheadedbeast),precipitateandrashwithout
judgment,stultumanimal,aroaringrout.[467]RogerBaconprovesitoutofAristotle,Vulgusdividiinoppositumcontrasapientes,quodvulgovideturverum,
falsumestthatwhichthecommonaltyaccountstrue,ismostpartfalse,theyarestilloppositetowisemen,butalltheworldisofthishumour(vulgus),andthou
thyselfartdevulgo,oneofthecommonaltyandhe,andhe,andsoarealltherestandtherefore,asPhocionconcludes,tobeapprovedinnoughtyousayordo,
mereidiotsandasses.Beginthenwhereyouwill,gobackwardorforward,chooseoutofthewholepack,winkandchoose,youshallfindthemallalike,nevera
barrelbetterherring.
Copernicus,Atlashissuccessor,isofopinion,theearthisaplanet,movesandshinestoothers,asthemoondothtous.Digges,Gilbert,Keplerus,Origanus,and
others,defendthishypothesisofhisinsobersadness,andthatthemoonisinhabited:ifitbesothattheearthisamoon,thenarewealsogiddy,vertiginousand
lunaticwithinthissublunarymaze.
Icouldproducesuchargumentstilldarknight:ifyoushouldheartherest,
AntediemclausocomponentvesperOlimpo:
ThroughsuchatrainofwordsifIshouldrun,
Thedaywouldsoonerthanthetalebedone:
butaccordingtomypromise,Iwilldescendtoparticulars.Thismelancholyextendsitselfnottomenonly,buteventovegetalsandsensibles.Ispeaknotofthose
creatureswhicharesaturnine,melancholybynature,aslead,andsuchlikeminerals,orthoseplants,rue,cypress,&c.andhelleboreitself,ofwhich[468]Agrippa
treats,fishes,birds,andbeasts,hares,conies,dormice,&c.,owls,bats,nightbirds,butthatartificial,whichisperceivedinthemall.Removeaplant,itwillpine
away,whichisespeciallyperceivedindatetrees,asyoumayreadatlargeinConstantine'shusbandry,thatantipathybetwixtthevineandthecabbage,vineandoil.
Putabirdinacage,hewilldieforsullenness,orabeastinapen,ortakehisyoungonesorcompanionsfromhim,andseewhateffectitwillcause.Butwho
perceivesnotthesecommonpassionsofsensiblecreatures,fear,sorrow,&c.Ofallother,dogsaremostsubjecttothismalady,insomuchsomeholdtheydreamas
mendo,andthroughviolenceofmelancholyrunmadIcouldrelatemanystoriesofdogsthathavediedforgrief,andpinedawayforlossoftheirmasters,butthey
arecommoninevery[469]author.
23/48
22/03/2015
Kingdoms,provinces,andpoliticbodiesarelikewisesensibleandsubjecttothisdisease,as[470]Boterusinhispoliticshathprovedatlarge.Asinhumanbodies
(saithhe)therebediversalterationsproceedingfromhumours,sobetheremanydiseasesinacommonwealth,whichdoasdiverselyhappenfromseveral
distempers,asyoumayeasilyperceivebytheirparticularsymptoms.Forwhereyoushallseethepeoplecivil,obedienttoGodandprinces,judicious,peaceable
andquiet,rich,fortunate,[471]andflourish,toliveinpeace,inunityandconcord,acountrywelltilled,manyfairbuiltandpopulouscities,ubiincolaenitentasold
[472]Catosaid,thepeopleareneat,politeandterse,ubibene,beatequevivunt,whichourpoliticiansmakethechiefendofacommonwealthandwhich[473]
Aristotle,Polit.lib.3,cap.4,callsCommunebonum,Polybiuslib.6,optabilemetselectumstatum,thatcountryisfreefrommelancholyasitwasinItalyinthe
timeofAugustus,nowinChina,nowinmanyotherflourishingkingdomsofEurope.Butwhereasyoushallseemanydiscontents,commongrievances,complaints,
poverty,barbarism,beggary,plagues,wars,rebellions,seditions,mutinies,contentions,idleness,riot,epicurism,thelandlieuntilled,waste,fullofbogs,fens,
deserts,&c.,citiesdecayed,baseandpoortowns,villagesdepopulated,thepeoplesqualid,ugly,uncivilthatkingdom,thatcountry,mustneedsbediscontent,
melancholy,hathasickbody,andhadneedtobereformed.
Nowthatcannotwellbeeffected,tillthecausesofthesemaladiesbefirstremoved,whichcommonlyproceedfromtheirowndefault,orsomeaccidental
inconvenience:astobesituatedinabadclime,toofarnorth,sterile,inabarrenplace,asthedesertofLibya,desertsofArabia,placesvoidofwaters,asthoseofLop
andBelgianinAsia,orinabadair,asatAlexandretta,Bantam,Pisa,Durrazzo,S.JohndeUlloa,&c.,orindangerofthesea'scontinualinundations,asinmany
placesoftheLowCountriesandelsewhere,ornearsomebadneighbours,asHungarianstoTurks,PodolianstoTartars,oralmostanyborderingcountries,theylive
infearstill,andbyreasonofhostileincursionsareoftentimesleftdesolate.Soarecitiesbyreason[474]ofwars,fires,plagues,inundations,[475]wildbeasts,decay
oftrades,barredhavens,thesea'sviolence,asAntwerpmaywitnessoflate,Syracuseofold,BrundusiuminItaly,RyeandDoverwithus,andmanythatatthisday
suspectthesea'sfuryandrage,andlabouragainstitastheVenetianstotheirinestimablecharge.Butthemostfrequentmaladiesaresuchasproceedfrom
themselves,asfirstwhenreligionandGod'sserviceisneglected,innovatedoraltered,wheretheydonotfearGod,obeytheirprince,whereatheism,epicurism,
sacrilege,simony,&c.,andallsuchimpietiesarefreelycommitted,thatcountrycannotprosper.WhenAbrahamcametoGerar,andsawabadland,hesaid,surethe
fearofGodwasnotinthatplace.[476]CyprianEchovius,aSpanishchorographer,aboveallothercitiesofSpain,commendsBorcino,inwhichtherewasno
beggar,nomanpoor,&c.,butallrich,andingoodestate,andhegivesthereason,becausetheyweremorereligiousthan,theirneighbours:whywasIsraelsooften
spoiledbytheirenemies,ledintocaptivity,&c.,butfortheiridolatry,neglectofGod'sword,forsacrilege,evenforoneAchan'sfault?Andwhatshallweexceptthat
havesuchmultitudesofAchans,churchrobbers,simoniacalpatrons,&c.,howcantheyhopetoflourish,thatneglectdivineduties,thatlivemostpartlikeEpicures?
Othercommongrievancesaregenerallynoxioustoabodypoliticalterationoflawsandcustoms,breakingprivileges,generaloppressions,seditions,&c.,observed
by[477]Aristotle,Bodin,Boterus,Junius,Arniscus,&c.Iwillonlypointatsomeofchiefest.[478]Impotentiagubernandi,ataxia,confusion,illgovernment,which
proceedsfromunskilful,slothful,griping,covetous,unjust,rash,ortyrannizingmagistrates,whentheyarefools,idiots,children,proud,wilful,partial,indiscreet,
oppressors,giddyheads,tyrants,notableorunfittomanagesuchoffices:[479]manynoblecitiesandflourishingkingdomsbythatmeansaredesolate,thewhole
bodygroansundersuchheads,andallthemembersmustneedsbedisaffected,asatthisdaythosegoodlyprovincesinAsiaMinor,&c.groanundertheburthenofa
TurkishgovernmentandthosevastkingdomsofMuscovia,Russia,[480]underatyrannizingduke.Whoeverheardofmorecivilandrichpopulouscountriesthan
thoseofGreece,AsiaMinor,aboundingwithall[481]wealth,multitudesofinhabitants,force,power,splendourandmagnificence?andthatmiracleofcountries,
[482]theHolyLand,thatinsosmallacompassofgroundcouldmaintainsomanytowns,cities,producesomanyfightingmen?Egyptanotherparadise,now
barbarousanddesert,andalmostwaste,bythedespoticalgovernmentofanimperiousTurk,intolerabiliservitutisjugopremitur([483]onesaith)notonlyfireand
water,goodsorlands,sedipsespiritusabinsolentissimivictorispendetnutu,suchistheirslavery,theirlivesandsoulsdependuponhisinsolentwillandcommand.
Atyrantthatspoilsallwheresoeverhecomes,insomuchthatan[484]historiancomplains,ifanoldinhabitantshouldnowseethem,hewouldnotknowthem,ifa
traveller,orstranger,itwouldgrievehishearttobeholdthem.Whereas[485]Aristotlenotes,Novaeexactiones,novaoneraimposita,newburdensandexactions
dailycomeuponthem,likethoseofwhichZosimus,lib.2,sogrievous,utviriuxores,patresfiliosprostituerentutexactoribusequestu,&c.,theymustneedsbe
discontent,hinccivitatumgemitusetploratus,as[486]Tullyholds,hencecomethosecomplaintsandtearsofcities,poor,miserable,rebellious,anddesperate
subjects,as[487]Hippolitusaddsand[488]asajudiciouscountrymanofoursobservednotlongsince,inasurveyofthatgreatDuchyofTuscany,thepeoplelived
muchgrievedanddiscontent,asappearedbytheirmanifoldandmanifestcomplainingsinthatkind.Thatthestatewaslikeasickbodywhichhadlatelytaken
physic,whosehumoursarenotyetwellsettled,andweakenedsomuchbypurging,thatnothingwasleftbutmelancholy.
Whereastheprincesandpotentatesareimmoderateinlust,hypocrites,epicures,ofnoreligion,butinshow:Quidhypocrisifragilius?whatsobrittleandunsure?
whatsoonersubvertstheirestatesthanwanderingandraginglusts,ontheirsubjects'wives,daughters?tosaynoworse.Thattheyshouldfacempraeferre,leadthe
waytoallvirtuousactions,aretheringleadersoftentimesofallmischiefanddissolutecourses,andbythatmeanstheircountriesareplagued,[489]andthey
themselvesoftenruined,banished,ormurderedbyconspiracyoftheirsubjects,asSardanapaluswas,DionysiusJunior,Heliogabalus,Periander,Pisistratus,
Tarquinius,Timocrates,Childericus,AppiusClaudius,Andronicus,GaleaciusSforza,AlexanderMedices,&c.
Whereastheprincesorgreatmenaremalicious,envious,factious,ambitious,emulators,theytearacommonwealthasunder,assomanyGuelfsandGibelines
disturbthequietnessofit,[490]andwithmutualmurdersletitbleedtodeathourhistoriesaretoofullofsuchbarbarousinhumanities,andthemiseriesthatissue
fromthem.
Whereastheybelikesomanyhorseleeches,hungry,griping,corrupt,[491]covetous,avariticemancipia,ravenousaswolves,forasTullywrites:quipraeest
prodest,etquipecudibuspraeest,debeteorumutilitatiinservire:orsuchasprefertheirprivatebeforethepublicgood.Foras[492]hesaidlongsince,resprivatae
publicissemperofficere.Orwhereastheybeilliterate,ignorant,empiricsinpolicy,ubideestfacultas,[493]virtus(Aristot.pol.5,cap.8.)etscientia,wiseonlyby
inheritance,andinauthoritybybirthright,favour,orfortheirwealthandtitlestheremustneedsbeafault,[494]agreatdefect:becauseasan[495]oldphilosopher
affirms,suchmenarenotalwaysfit.Ofaninfinitenumber,fewalonearesenators,andofthosefew,fewergood,andofthatsmallnumberofhonest,good,and
noblemen,fewthatarelearned,wise,discreetandsufficient,abletodischargesuchplaces,itmustneedsturntotheconfusionofastate.
Forasthe[496]Princesare,soarethepeopleQualisRex,talisgrex:andwhich[497]Antigonusrightwellsaidofold,quiMacedoniaregemerudit,omnesetiam
subditoserudit,hethatteacheththekingofMacedon,teachethallhissubjects,isatruesayingstill.
ForPrincesaretheglass,theschool,thebook,
Wheresubjects'eyesdolearn,doread,dolook.
Velociusetcitiusnos
Corrumpuntvitiorumexempladomestica,magnis
Cumsubeantanimosauctoribus.[498]
Theirexamplesaresoonestfollowed,vicesentertained,iftheybeprofane,irreligious,lascivious,riotous,epicures,factious,covetous,ambitious,illiterate,sowill
thecommonsmostpartbe,idle,unthrifts,pronetolust,drunkards,andthereforepoorandneedy(,forpovertybegetssedition
andvillainy)uponalloccasionsreadytomutinyandrebel,discontentstill,complaining,murmuring,grudging,apttoalloutrages,thefts,treasons,murders,
innovations,indebt,shifters,cozeners,outlaws,Profligataefamaeacvitae.Itwasanold[499]politician'saphorism,Theythatarepoorandbadenvyrich,hate
goodmen,abhorthepresentgovernment,wishforanew,andwouldhaveallturnedtopsyturvy.WhenCatilinerebelledinRome,hegotacompanyofsuch
debauchedroguestogether,theywerehisfamiliarsandcoadjutors,andsuchhavebeenyourrebelsmostpartinallages,JackCade,TomStraw,Kette,andhis
companions.
Wheretheybegenerallyriotousandcontentious,wheretherebemanydiscords,manylaws,manylawsuits,manylawyersandmanyphysicians,itisamanifestsign
ofadistempered,melancholystate,as[500]Platolongsincemaintained:forwheresuchkindofmenswarm,theywillmakemoreworkforthemselves,andthat
bodypoliticdiseased,whichwasotherwisesound.Ageneralmischiefintheseourtimes,aninsensibleplague,andneversomanyofthem:whicharenow
multiplied(saithMat.Geraldus,[501]alawyerhimself,)assomanylocusts,nottheparents,buttheplaguesofthecountry,andforthemostpartasupercilious,
bad,covetous,litigiousgenerationofmen.[502]Crumenimulganatio&c.Apursemilkingnation,aclamorouscompany,gownedvultures,[503]quiexinjuria
viventetsanguinecivium,thievesandseminariesofdiscordworsethananypollersbythehighwayside,auriaccipitres,auriexterebronides,pecuniarumhamiolae,
quadruplatores,curiaeharpagones,foritintinabula,monstrahominum,mangones,&c.thattakeuponthemtomakepeace,butareindeedtheverydisturbersofour
peace,acompanyofirreligiousharpies,scraping,gripingcatchpoles,(Imeanourcommonhungrypettifoggers,[504]rabulasforenses,loveandhonourinthe
meantimeallgoodlaws,andworthylawyers,thataresomany[505]oraclesandpilotsofawellgovernedcommonwealth).Withoutart,withoutjudgment,thatdo
moreharm,as[506]Livysaid,quambellaexterna,fames,morbive,thansickness,wars,hunger,diseasesandcauseamostincredibledestructionofa
commonwealth,saith[507]Sesellius,afamousciviliansometimesinParis,asivydothbyanoak,embraceitsolong,untilithathgottheheartoutofit,sodothey
24/48
22/03/2015
bysuchplacestheyinhabitnocounselatall,nojustice,nospeechtobehad,nisieumpremulseris,hemustbefedstill,orelseheisasmuteasafish,betteropenan
oysterwithoutaknife.Expertocrede(saith[508]Salisburiensis)inmanuseorummilliesincidi,etCharonimmitisquinullipepercitunquam,hislongeclementior
estIspeakoutofexperience,Ihavebeenathousandtimesamongstthem,andCharonhimselfismoregentlethanthey[509]heiscontentedwithhissinglepay,
buttheymultiplystill,theyareneversatisfied,besidestheyhavedamnificaslinguas,ashetermsit,nisifunibusargenteisvincias,theymustbefedtosaynothing,
and[510]getmoretoholdtheirpeacethanwecantosayourbest.Theywillspeaktheirclientsfair,andinvitethemtotheirtables,butashefollowsit,[511]ofall
injusticethereisnonesoperniciousasthatoftheirs,whichwhentheydeceivemost,willseemtobehonestmen.Theytakeuponthemtobepeacemakers,etfovere
causashumilium,tohelpthemtotheirright,patrocinanturafflictis,[512]butallisfortheirowngood,utloculosplenioromexhauriant,theypleadforpoormen
gratis,buttheyarebutasastaletocatchothers.Iftherebenojar,[513]theycanmakeajar,outofthelawitselffindstillsomequirkorother,tosetthematodds,
andcontinuecausessolong,lustraaliquot,Iknownothowmanyyearsbeforethecauseisheard,andwhen'tisjudgedanddeterminedbyreasonofsometricksand
errors,itisasfreshtobegin,aftertwicesevenyearssometimes,asitwasatfirstandsotheyprolongtime,delaysuitstilltheyhaveenrichedthemselves,and
beggaredtheirclients.And,as[514]CatoinveighedagainstIsocrates'scholars,wemayjustlytaxourwranglinglawyers,theydoconsenescereinlitibus,areso
litigiousandbusyhereonearth,thatIthinktheywillpleadtheirclient'scauseshereafter,someoftheminhell.[515]SimleruscomplainsamongsttheSwissersof
theadvocatesinhistime,thatwhentheyshouldmakeanend,theybegancontroversies,andprotracttheircausesmanyyears,persuadingthemtheirtitleisgood,
tilltheirpatrimoniesbeconsumed,andthattheyhavespentmoreinseekingthanthethingisworth,ortheyshallgetbytherecovery.Sothathethatgoestolaw,as
theproverbis,[516]holdsawolfbytheears,orasasheepinastormrunsforsheltertoabrier,ifheprosecutehiscauseheisconsumed,ifhesurceasehissuithe
losethall[517]whatdifference?Theyhadwontheretofore,saithAustin,toendmatters,percommunesarbitrosandsoinSwitzerland(weareinformedby
[518]Simlerus),theyhadsomecommonarbitratorsordaysmenineverytown,thatmadeafriendlycompositionbetwixtmanandman,andhemuchwondersat
theirhonestsimplicity,thatcouldkeeppeacesowell,andendsuchgreatcausesbythatmeans.At[519]FezinAfrica,theyhaveneitherlawyersnoradvocatesbut
iftherebeanycontroversiesamongstthem,bothpartiesplaintiffanddefendantcometotheirAlfakinsorchiefjudge,andatoncewithoutanyfartherappealsor
pitifuldelays,thecauseisheardandended.Ourforefathers,as[520]aworthychorographerofoursobserves,hadwontpauculiscruculisaureis,withafewgolden
crosses,andlinesinverse,makeallconveyances,assurances.Andsuchwasthecandourandintegrityofsucceedingages,thatadeed(asIhaveoftseen)toconveya
wholemanor,wasimplicitecontainedinsometwentylinesorthereaboutslikethatscedeorSytalaLaconica,somuchrenownedofoldinallcontracts,which
[521]TullysoearnestlycommendstoAtticus,PlutarchinhisLysander,Aristotlepolit.:Thucydides,lib.1,[522]DiodorusandSuidusapproveandmagnify,forthat
laconicbrevityinthiskindandwelltheymight,for,accordingto[523]Tertullian,certasuntpaucis,thereismuchmorecertaintyinfewerwords.Andsowasitof
oldthroughout:butnowmanyskinsofparchmentwillscarceserveturnhethatbuysandsellsahouse,musthaveahousefullofwritings,therebesomany
circumstances,somanywords,suchtautologicalrepetitionsofallparticulars(toavoidcavillationtheysay)butwefindbyourwoefulexperience,thattosubtlewits
itisacauseofmuchmorecontentionandvariance,andscarceanyconveyancesoaccuratelypennedbyone,whichanotherwillnotfindacrackin,orcavilatifany
onewordbemisplaced,anylittleerror,allisdisannulled.Thatwhichisalawtoday,isnonetomorrowthatwhichissoundinoneman'sopinion,ismostfaultyto
anotherthatinconclusion,hereisnothingamongstusbutcontentionandconfusion,webandyoneagainstanother.Andthatwhichlongsince[524]Plutarch
complainedoftheminAsia,maybeverifiedinourtimes.Thesemenhereassembled,comenottosacrificetotheirgods,toofferJupitertheirfirstfruits,or
merrimentstoBacchusbutanyearlydiseaseexasperatingAsiahathbroughtthemhither,tomakeanendoftheircontroversiesandlawsuits.'Tismultitudo
perdentiumetpereuntium,adestructiveroutthatseekoneanother'sruin.Suchmostpartareourordinarysuitors,termers,clients,newstirseveryday,mistakes,
errors,cavils,andatthispresent,asIhaveheardinsomeonecourt,Iknownothowmanythousandcauses:nopersonfree,notitlealmostgood,withsuchbitterness
infollowing,somanyslights,procrastinations,delays,forgery,suchcost(forinfinitesumsareinconsideratelyspent),violenceandmalice,Iknownotbywhose
fault,lawyers,clients,laws,bothorall:butasPaulreprehendedthe[525]Corinthianslongsince,Imaymorepositivelyinfernow:Thereisafaultamongstyou,and
Ispeakittoyourshame,Istherenota[526]wisemanamongstyou,tojudgebetweenhisbrethren?butthatabrothergoestolawwithabrother.And[527]Christ's
counselconcerninglawsuits,wasneversofittobeinculcatedasinthisage:[528]Agreewiththineadversaryquickly,&c.Matth.v.25.
Icouldrepeatmanysuchparticulargrievances,whichmustdisturbabodypolitic.Toshutupallinbrief,wheregoodgovernmentis,prudentandwiseprinces,there
allthingsthriveandprosper,peaceandhappinessisinthatland:whereitisotherwise,allthingsareuglytobehold,incult,barbarous,uncivil,aparadiseisturnedto
awilderness.Thisislandamongsttherest,ournextneighbourstheFrenchandGermans,maybeasufficientwitness,thatinashorttimebythatprudentpolicyofthe
Romans,wasbroughtfrombarbarismseebutwhatCaesarreportsofus,andTacitusofthoseoldGermans,theywereonceasuncivilastheyinVirginia,yetby
plantingofcoloniesandgoodlaws,theybecamefrombarbarousoutlaws,[529]tobefullofrichandpopulouscities,asnowtheyare,andmostflourishing
kingdoms.EvensomightVirginia,andthosewildIrishhavebeencivilisedlongsince,ifthatorderhadbeenheretoforetaken,whichnowbegins,ofplanting
colonies,&c.Ihavereada[530]discourse,printedanno1612.DiscoveringthetruecauseswhyIrelandwasneverentirelysubdued,orbroughtunderobedienceto
thecrownofEngland,untilthebeginningofhisMajesty'shappyreign.Yetifhisreasonswerethoroughlyscannedbyajudiciouspolitician,Iamafraidhewould
notaltogetherbeapproved,butthatitwouldturntothedishonourofournation,tosufferittoliesolongwaste.Yea,andifsometravellersshouldsee(tocome
nearerhome)thoserich,unitedprovincesofHolland,Zealand,&c.,overagainstusthoseneatcitiesandpopuloustowns,fullofmostindustriousartificers,[531]so
muchlandrecoveredfromthesea,andsopainfullypreservedbythoseartificialinventions,sowonderfullyapproved,asthatofBemsterinHolland,utnihilhuicpar
autsimileinveniasintotoorbe,saithBertiusthegeographer,alltheworldcannotmatchit,[532]somanynavigablechannelsfromplacetoplace,madebymen's
hands,&c.andontheothersidesomanythousandacresofourfensliedrowned,ourcitiesthin,andthosevile,poor,anduglytobeholdinrespectoftheirs,our
tradesdecayed,ourstillrunningriversstopped,andthatbeneficialuseoftransportation,whollyneglected,somanyhavensvoidofshipsandtowns,somanyparks
andforestsforpleasure,barrenheaths,somanyvillagesdepopulated,&c.Ithinksurehewouldfindsomefault.
Imaynotdenybutthatthisnationofours,dothbeneaudireapudexteros,isamostnoble,amostflourishingkingdom,bycommonconsentofall[533]geographers,
historians,politicians,'tisunicavelutarx,[534]andwhichQuintiusinLivysaidoftheinhabitantsofPeloponnesus,maybewellappliedtous,wearetestudinestesta
suainclusi,likesomanytortoisesinourshells,safelydefendedbyanangrysea,asawallonallsides.Ourislandhathmanysuchhonourableeulogiumsandasa
learnedcountrymanofoursrightwellhathit,[535]EversincetheNormansfirstcomingintoEngland,thiscountrybothformilitarymatters,andallotherof
civility,hathbeenparalleledwiththemostflourishingkingdomsofEuropeandourChristianworld,ablessed,arichcountry,andoneofthefortunateisles:andfor
somethings[536]preferredbeforeothercountries,forexpertseamen,ourlaboriousdiscoveries,artofnavigation,truemerchants,theycarrythebellawayfromall
othernations,eventhePortugalsandHollandersthemselves[537]withoutallfear,saithBoterus,furrowingtheoceanwinterandsummer,andtwooftheir
captains,withnolessvalourthanfortune,havesailedroundabouttheworld.[538]Wehavebesidesmanyparticularblessings,whichourneighbourswant,the
Gospeltrulypreached,churchdisciplineestablished,longpeaceandquietnessfreefromexactions,foreignfears,invasions,domesticalseditions,wellmanured,
[539]fortifiedbyart,andnature,andnowmosthappyinthatfortunateunionofEnglandandScotland,whichourforefathershavelabouredtoeffect,anddesiredto
see.Butinwhichweexcelallothers,awise,learned,religiousking,anotherNuma,asecondAugustus,atrueJosiahmostworthysenators,alearnedclergy,an
obedientcommonalty,&c.Yetamongstmanyroses,somethistlesgrow,somebadweedsandenormities,whichmuchdisturbthepeaceofthisbodypolitic,eclipse
thehonourandgloryofit,fittoberootedout,andwithallspeedtobereformed.
Thefirstisidleness,byreasonofwhichwehavemanyswarmsofrogues,andbeggars,thieves,drunkards,anddiscontentedpersons(whomLycurgusinPlutarch
callsmorbosreipublicae,theboilsofthecommonwealth),manypoorpeopleinallourtowns.Civitatesignobiles,as[540]Polydorecallsthem,basebuiltcities,
inglorious,poor,small,rareinsight,ruinous,andthinofinhabitants.Ourlandisfertilewemaynotdeny,fullofallgoodthings,andwhydothitnotthenabound
withcities,aswellasItaly,France,Germany,theLowCountries?becausetheirpolicyhathbeenotherwise,andwearenotsothrifty,circumspect,industrious.
Idlenessisthemalusgeniusofournation.Foras[541]Boterusjustlyargues,fertilityofacountryisnotenough,exceptartandindustrybejoineduntoit,according
toAristotle,richesareeithernaturalorartificialnaturalaregoodland,fairmines,&c.artificial,aremanufactures,coins,&c.Manykingdomsarefertile,butthinof
inhabitants,asthatDuchyofPiedmontinItaly,whichLeanderAlbertussomuchmagnifiesforcorn,wine,fruits,&c.,yetnothingnearsopopulousasthosewhich
aremorebarren.[542]England,saithhe,Londononlyexcepted,hathneverapopulouscity,andyetafruitfulcountry.Ifind46citiesandwalledtownsin
Alsatia,asmallprovinceinGermany,50castles,aninfinitenumberofvillages,nogroundidle,nonotrockyplaces,ortopsofhillsareuntilled,as[543]Munster
informethus.In[544]Greichgea,asmallterritoryontheNecker,24Italianmilesover,Ireadof20walledtowns,innumerablevillages,eachonecontaining150
housesmostpart,besidescastlesandnoblemen'spalaces.Iobservein[545]TuringeinDutchland(twelvemilesoverbytheirscale)12counties,andinthem144
cities,2000villages,144towns,250castles.In[546]Bavaria34cities,46towns,&c.[547]Portugalliainteramnis,asmallplotofground,hath1460parishes,130
monasteries,200bridges.Malta,abarrenisland,yields20,000inhabitants.Butofalltherest,IadmireLuesGuicciardine'srelationsoftheLowCountries.Holland
hath26cities,400greatvillages.Zealand10cities,102parishes.Brabant26cities,102parishes.Flanders28cities,90towns,1154villages,besidesabbeys,castles,
&c.TheLowCountriesgenerallyhavethreecitiesatleastforoneofours,andthosefarmorepopulousandrich:andwhatisthecause,buttheirindustryand
excellencyinallmanneroftrades?Theircommerce,whichismaintainedbyamultitudeoftradesmen,somanyexcellentchannelsmadebyartandopportune
havens,towhichtheybuildtheircitiesallwhichwehaveinlikemeasure,oratleastmayhave.Buttheirchiefestloadstonewhichdrawsallmannerofcommerce
andmerchandise,whichmaintainstheirpresentestate,isnotfertilityofsoil,butindustrythatenricheththem,thegoldminesofPeru,orNovaHispaniamaynot
comparewiththem.Theyhaveneithergoldnorsilveroftheirown,winenoroil,orscarceanycorngrowinginthoseunitedprovinces,littleornowood,tin,lead,
25/48
22/03/2015
iron,silk,wool,anystuffalmost,ormetalandyetHungary,Transylvania,thatbragoftheirmines,fertileEnglandcannotcomparewiththem.Idareboldlysay,that
neitherFrance,Tarentum,Apulia,Lombardy,oranypartofItaly,ValentiainSpain,orthatpleasantAndalusia,withtheirexcellentfruits,wineandoil,twoharvests,
nonotanypartofEuropeissoflourishing,sorich,sopopulous,sofullofgoodships,ofwellbuiltcities,soaboundingwithallthingsnecessaryfortheuseofman.
'TisourIndies,anepitomeofChina,andallbyreasonoftheirindustry,goodpolicy,andcommerce.Industryisaloadstonetodrawallgoodthingsthatalonemakes
countriesflourish,citiespopulous,[548]andwillenforcebyreasonofmuchmanure,whichnecessarilyfollows,abarrensoiltobefertileandgood,assheep,saith
[549]Dion,mendabadpasture.
Tellmepoliticians,whyisthatfruitfulPalestina,nobleGreece,Egypt,AsiaMinor,somuchdecayed,and(merecarcasesnow)fallenfromthattheywere?The
groundisthesame,butthegovernmentisaltered,thepeoplearegrownslothful,idle,theirgoodhusbandry,policy,andindustryisdecayed.Nonfatigataauteffaeta,
humus,as[550]ColumellawellinformsSylvinus,sednostrafitinertia,&c.MayamanbelievethatwhichAristotleinhispolitics,Pausanias,Stephanus,Sophianus,
GerbeliusrelateofoldGreece?Ifindheretofore70citiesinEpirusoverthrownbyPaulusAemilius,agoodlyprovinceintimespast,[551]nowleftdesolateofgood
townsandalmostinhabitants.SixtytwocitiesinMacedoniainStrabo'stime.Ifind30inLaconia,butnowscarcesomanyvillages,saithGerbelius.Ifanymanfrom
MountTaygetusshouldviewthecountryroundabout,andseetotdelicias,toturbesperPeloponesumdispersas,somanydelicateandbravebuiltcitieswithsuch
costandexquisitecunning,soneatlysetoutinPeloponnesus,[552]heshouldperceivethemnowruinousandoverthrown,burnt,waste,desolate,andlaidlevelwith
theground.Incredibiledictu,&c.Andashelaments,QuistaliafandoTemperetalachrymis?Quistamdurusautferreus,(soheprosecutesit).[553]Whoishethat
cansufficientlycondoleandcommiseratetheseruins?Wherearethose4000citiesofEgypt,those100citiesinCrete?Aretheynowcometotwo?WhatsaithPliny
andAelianofoldItaly?Therewereinformerages1166cities:BlondusandMachiavel,bothgrantthemnownothingnearsopopulous,andfullofgoodtownsasin
thetimeofAugustus(fornowLeanderAlbertuscanfindbut300atmost),andifwemaygivecreditto[554]Livy,notthensostrongandpuissantasofold:They
mustered70Legionsinformertimes,whichnowtheknownworldwillscarceyield.Alexanderbuilt70citiesinashortspaceforhispart,oursultansandTurks
demolishtwiceasmany,andleavealldesolate.ManywillnotbelievebutthatourislandofGreatBritainisnowmorepopulousthaneveritwasyetletthemread
Bede,Lelandandothers,theyshallfinditmostflourishedintheSaxonHeptarchy,andintheConqueror'stimewasfarbetterinhabited,thanatthispresent.Seethat
DoomsdayBook,andshowmethosethousandsofparishes,whicharenowdecayed,citiesruined,villagesdepopulated,&c.Thelessertheterritoryis,commonly,
thericheritis.Parvussedbenecultusager.AsthoseAthenian,Lacedaemonian,Arcadian,Aelian,Sycionian,Messenian,&c.commonwealthsofGreecemake
ampleproof,asthoseimperialcitiesandfreestatesofGermanymaywitness,thoseCantonsofSwitzers,Rheti,Grisons,Walloons,TerritoriesofTuscany,Lukeand
Senesofold,Piedmont,Mantua,VeniceinItaly,Ragusa,&c.
Thatprincethereforeas,[555]Boterusadviseth,thatwillhavearichcountry,andfaircities,lethimgetgoodtrades,privileges,painfulinhabitants,artificers,and
suffernorudematterunwrought,astin,iron,wool,lead,&c.,tobetransportedoutofhiscountry,[556]athinginpartseriouslyattemptedamongstus,butnot
effected.Andbecauseindustryofmen,andmultitudeoftradesomuchavailstotheornamentandenrichingofakingdomthoseancient[557]Massilianswould
admitnomanintotheircitythathadnotsometrade.SelymthefirstTurkishemperorprocuredathousandgoodartificerstobebroughtfromTauristo
Constantinople.ThePolandersindentedwithHenryDukeofAnjou,theirnewchosenking,tobringwithhimanhundredfamiliesofartificersintoPoland.Jamesthe
firstinScotland(as[558]Buchananwrites)sentforthebestartificershecouldgetinEurope,andgavethemgreatrewardstoteachhissubjectstheirseveraltrades.
EdwardtheThird,ourmostrenownedking,tohiseternalmemory,broughtclothingfirstintothisisland,transportingsomefamiliesofartificersfromGaunthither.
HowmanygoodlycitiescouldIreckonup,thatthrivewhollybytrade,wherethousandsofinhabitantslivesingularwellbytheirfingers'ends:AsFlorenceinItaly
bymakingclothofgoldgreatMilanbysilk,andallcuriousworksArrasinArtoisbythosefairhangingsmanycitiesinSpain,manyinFrance,Germany,have
noneothermaintenance,especiallythosewithintheland.[559]Mecca,inArabiaPetraea,standsinamostunfruitfulcountry,thatwantswater,amongsttherocks(as
Vertomannusdescribesit),andyetitisamostelegantandpleasantcity,byreasonofthetrafficoftheeastandwest.OrmusinPersiaisamostfamousmarttown,
hathnoughtelsebuttheopportunityofthehaventomakeitflourish.Corinth,anoblecity(LumenGreciae,Tullycallsit)theEyeofGreece,byreasonofCenchreas
andLecheus,thoseexcellentports,drewallthattrafficoftheIonianandAegeanseastoitandyetthecountryaboutitwascurvaetsuperciliosa,as[560]Strabo
termsit,ruggedandharsh.WemaysaythesameofAthens,Actium,Thebes,Sparta,andmostofthosetownsinGreece.NuremberginGermanyissitedinamost
barrensoil,yetanobleimperialcity,bythesoleindustryofartificers,andcunningtrades,theydrawtherichesofmostcountriestothem,soexpertinmanufactures,
thatasSallustlongsincegaveoutofthelike,Sedemanimaeinextremisdigitishabent,theirsoul,orintellectusagens,wasplacedintheirfingers'endandsowe
maysayofBasil,Spire,Cambray,Frankfurt,&c.ItisalmostincredibletospeakwhatsomewriteofMexicoandthecitiesadjoiningtoit,noplaceintheworldat
theirfirstdiscoverymorepopulous,[561]Mat.Riccius,theJesuit,andsomeothers,relateoftheindustryoftheChinesemostpopulouscountries,notabeggaroran
idlepersontobeseen,andhowbythatmeanstheyprosperandflourish.Wehavethesamemeans,ablebodies,pliantwits,matterofallsorts,wool,flax,iron,tin,
lead,wood,&c.,manyexcellentsubjectstoworkupon,onlyindustryiswanting.Wesendourbestcommoditiesbeyondtheseas,whichtheymakegooduseofto
theirnecessities,setthemselvesaworkabout,andseverallyimprove,sendingthesametousbackatdearrates,orelsemaketoysandbaublesofthetailsofthem,
whichtheyselltousagain,atasgreatareckoningasthewhole.Inmostofourcities,somefewexcepted,like[562]Spanishloiterers,welivewhollybytippling
innsandalehouses.Maltingaretheirbestploughs,theirgreatesttraffictosellale.[563]Meteranandsomeothersobjecttous,thatwearenowhitsoindustriousas
theHollanders:Manualtrades(saithhe)whicharemorecuriousortroublesome,arewhollyexercisedbystrangers:theydwellinaseafulloffish,buttheyareso
idle,theywillnotcatchsomuchasshallservetheirownturns,butbuyitoftheirneighbours.Tush[564]Mareliberum,theyfishunderournoses,andsellittous
whentheyhavedone,attheirownprices.
Pudethaecopprobrianobis
Etdicipotuisse,etnonpotuisserefelli.
Iamashamedtohearthisobjectedbystrangers,andknownothowtoanswerit.
Amongstourtowns,thereisonly[565]Londonthatbearsthefaceofacity,[566]EpitomeBritanniae,afamousemporium,secondtononebeyondseas,anoblemart:
butsolacrescit,decrescentibusaliisandyet,inmyslenderjudgment,defectiveinmanythings.Therest([567]somefewexcepted)areinmeanestate,ruinousmost
part,poor,andfullofbeggars,byreasonoftheirdecayedtrades,neglectedorbadpolicy,idlenessoftheirinhabitants,riot,whichhadratherbegorloiter,andbe
readytostarve,thanwork.
Icannotdenybutthatsomethingmaybesaidindefenceofourcities,[568]thattheyarenotsofairbuilt,(forthesolemagnificenceofthiskingdom(concerning
buildings)hathbeenofoldinthoseNormancastlesandreligioushouses,)sorich,thicksited,populous,asinsomeothercountriesbesidesthereasonsCardangives,
Subtil.Lib.11.wewantwineandoil,theirtwoharvests,wedwellinacolderair,andforthatcausemustalittlemoreliberally[569]feedofflesh,asallnorthern
countriesdo:ourprovisionswillnotthereforeextendtothemaintenanceofsomanyyetnotwithstandingwehavematterofallsorts,anopenseafortraffic,aswell
astherest,goodlyhavens.Andhowcanweexcuseournegligence,ourriot,drunkenness,&c.,andsuchenormitiesthatfollowit?Wehaveexcellentlawsenacted,
youwillsay,severestatutes,housesofcorrection,&c.,tosmallpurposeitseemsitisnothouseswillserve,butcitiesofcorrection[570]ourtradesgenerallyought
tobereformed,wantssupplied.Inothercountriestheyhavethesamegrievances,Iconfess,butthatdothnotexcuseus,[571]wants,defects,enormities,idledrones,
tumults,discords,contention,lawsuits,manylawsmadeagainstthemtorepressthoseinnumerablebrawlsandlawsuits,excessinapparel,diet,decayoftillage,
depopulations,[572]especiallyagainstrogues,beggars,Egyptianvagabonds(sotermedatleast)whichhave[573]swarmedalloverGermany,France,Italy,Poland,
asyoumayreadin[574]Munster,Cranzius,andAventinusasthoseTartarsandArabiansatthisdaydointheeasterncountries:yetsuchhasbeentheiniquityofall
ages,asitseemstosmallpurpose.Nemoinnostracivitatemendicusesto,[575]saithPlato:hewillhavethempurgedfroma[576]commonwealth,[577]asabad
humourfromthebody,thatarelikesomanyulcersandboils,andmustbecuredbeforethemelancholybodycanbeeased.
WhatCarolusMagnus,theChinese,theSpaniards,thedukeofSaxonyandmanyotherstateshavedecreedinthiscase,readArniseus,cap.19Boterus,libro8,cap.
2OsoriusdeRubusgest.Eman.lib.11.Whenacountryisoverstockedwithpeople,asapastureisoftoverlaidwithcattle,theyhadwontinformertimesto
disburdenthemselves,bysendingoutcolonies,orbywars,asthoseoldRomansorbyemployingthemathomeaboutsomepublicbuildings,asbridges,roadways,
forwhichthoseRomanswerefamousinthisislandasAugustusCaesardidinRome,theSpaniardsintheirIndianmines,asatPotosiinPeru,wheresome30,000
menarestillatwork,6000furnaceseverboiling,&c.[578]aqueducts,bridges,havens,thosestupendworksofTrajan,Claudius,at[579]Ostium,Dioclesiani
Therma,FucinusLacus,thatPiraeuminAthens,madebyThemistocles,ampitheatrumsofcuriousmarble,asatVerona,CivitasPhilippi,andHeracleainThrace,
thoseAppianandFlaminianways,prodigiousworksallmaywitnessandratherthantheyshouldbe[580]idle,asthose[581]EgyptianPharaohs,Maris,and
Sesostrisdid,totasktheirsubjectstobuildunnecessarypyramids,obelisks,labyrinths,channels,lakes,giganticworksall,todivertthemfromrebellion,riot,
drunkenness,[582]Quoscilicetalanturetnevagandolaboraredesuescant.
Anothereyesoreisthatwantofconductandnavigablerivers,agreatblemishas[583]Boterus,[584]HippolitusaCollibus,andotherpoliticianshold,ifitbe
26/48
22/03/2015
neglectedinacommonwealth.AdmirablecostandchargeisbestowedintheLowCountriesonthisbehalf,intheduchyofMilan,territoryofPadua,in[585]France,
Italy,China,andsolikewiseaboutcorrivationsofwatertomoistenandrefreshbarrengrounds,todrainfens,bogs,andmoors.Massinissamademanyinwardparts
ofBarbaryandNumidiainAfrica,beforehistimeincultandhorrid,fruitfulandbartablebythismeans.Greatindustryisgenerallyusedallovertheeasterncountries
inthiskind,especiallyinEgypt,aboutBabylonandDamascus,asVertomannusand[586]GotardusArthusrelateaboutBarcelona,Segovia,Murcia,andmanyother
placesofSpain,MilaninItalybyreasonofwhich,theirsoilismuchimpoverished,andinfinitecommoditiesarisetotheinhabitants.
TheTurksoflateattemptedtocutthatIsthmusbetwixtAfricaandAsia,which[587]SesostrisandDarius,andsomePharaohsofEgypthadformerlyundertaken,but
withillsuccess,as[588]DiodorusSiculusrecords,andPliny,forthatRedSeabeingthree[589]cubitshigherthanEgypt,wouldhavedrownedallthecountry,caepto
destiterant,theyleftoffyetasthesame[590]Diodoruswrites,Ptolemyrenewedtheworkmanyyearsafter,andabsolvedinitamoreopportuneplace.
ThatIsthmusofCorinthwaslikewiseundertakentobemadenavigablebyDemetrius,byJuliusCaesar,Nero,Domitian,HerodesAtticus,tomakeaspeedy
[591]passage,andlessdangerous,fromtheIonianandAegeanseasbutbecauseitcouldnotbesowelleffected,thePeloponnesiansbuiltawalllikeourPicts'wall
aboutSchaenute,whereNeptune'stemplestood,andintheshortestcutovertheIsthmus,ofwhichDiodorus,lib.11.Herodotus,lib.8.Uran.Ourlatterwriterscallit
Hexamilium,whichAmuraththeTurkdemolished,theVenetians,anno1453,repairedin15dayswith30,000men.Some,saithAcosta,wouldhaveapassagecut
fromPanamatoNombredeDiosinAmericabutThuanusandSerrestheFrenchhistoriansspeakofafamousaqueductinFrance,intendedinHenrytheFourth's
time,fromtheLoiretotheSeine,andfromRhodanustotheLoire.TheliketowhichwasformerlyassayedbyDomitiantheemperor,[592]fromArartoMoselle,
whichCorneliusTacitusspeaksofinthe13ofhisannals,afterbyCharlestheGreatandothers.Muchcosthathinformertimesbeenbestowedineithernewmaking
ormendingchannelsofrivers,andtheirpassages,(asAurelianusdidbyTibertomakeitnavigabletoRome,toconveycornfromEgypttothecity,vadumalvei
tumentiseffoditsaithVopiscus,etTiberisripasextruxithecutfords,madebanks,&c.)decayedhavens,whichClaudiustheemperorwithinfinitepainsandcharges
attemptedatOstia,asIhavesaid,theVenetiansatthisdaytopreservetheircitymanyexcellentmeanstoenrichtheirterritories,havebeenfostered,inventedin
mostprovincesofEurope,asplantingsomeIndianplantsamongstus,silkworms,[593]theverymulberryleavesintheplainsofGranadayield30,000crownsper
annumtothekingofSpain'scoffers,besidesthosemanytradesandartificersthatarebusiedabouttheminthekingdomofGranada,Murcia,andalloverSpain.In
Franceagreatbenefitisraisedbysalt,&c.,whetherthesethingsmightnotbeashappilyattemptedwithus,andwithlikesuccess,itmaybecontroverted,silkworms
(Imean)vines,firtrees,&c.CardanexhortsEdwardtheSixthtoplantolives,andisfullypersuadedtheywouldprosperinthisisland.Withus,navigableriversare
mostpartneglectedourstreamsarenotgreat,Iconfess,byreasonofthenarrownessoftheisland,yettheyrunsmoothlyandeven,notheadlong,swift,oramongst
rocksandshelves,asfoamingRhodanusandLoireinFrance,TigrisinMesopotamia,violentDuriusinSpain,withcataractsandwhirlpools,astheRhine,and
Danubius,aboutShaffausen,Lausenburgh,Linz,andCremmes,toendangernavigatorsorbroadshallow,asNeckarinthePalatinate,TibrisinItalybutcalmand
fairasArarinFrance,HebrusinMacedonia,EurotasinLaconia,theygentlyglidealong,andmightaswellberepairedmanyofthem(ImeanWye,Trent,Ouse,
ThamisisatOxford,thedefectofwhichwefeelinthemeantime)astheriverofLeefromWaretoLondon.B.Atwaterofold,orassomewillHenryI.[594]madea
channelfromTrenttoLincoln,navigablewhichnow,saithMr.Camden,isdecayed,andmuchmentionismadeofanchors,andsuchlikemonumentsfoundabout
old[595]Verulamium,goodshipshaveformerlycometoExeter,andmanysuchplaces,whosechannels,havens,portsarenowbarredandrejected.Wecontemnthis
benefitofcarriagebywaters,andarethereforecompelledintheinnerpartsofthisisland,becauseportageissodear,toeatupourcommoditiesourselves,andlive
likesomanyboarsinasty,forwantofventandutterance.
Wehavemanyexcellenthavens,royalhavens,Falmouth,Portsmouth,Milford,&c.equivalentifnottobepreferredtothatIndianHavana,oldBrundusiuminItaly,
AulisinGreece,AmbraciainAcarnia,SudainCrete,whichhavefewshipsinthem,littleornotrafficortrade,whichhavescarceavillageonthem,abletobear
greatcities,sedviderintpolitici.Icouldherejustlytaxmanyotherneglects,abuses,errors,defectsamongus,andinothercountries,depopulations,riot,
drunkenness,&c.andmanysuch,quaenuncinauremsusurrare,nonlibet.ButImusttakeheed,nequidgraviusdicam,thatIdonotovershootmyself,Sus
Minervam,Iamforthofmyelement,asyouperadventuresupposeandsometimesveritasodiumparit,ashesaid,verjuiceandoatmealisgoodforaparrot.Foras
Luciansaidofanhistorian,Isayofapolitician.Hethatwillfreelyspeakandwrite,mustbeforevernosubject,undernoprinceorlaw,butlayoutthemattertruly
asitis,notcaringwhatanycan,will,likeordislike.
Wehavegoodlaws,Idenynot,torectifysuchenormities,andsoinallothercountries,butitseemsnotalwaystogoodpurpose.Wehadneedofsomegeneral
visitorinourage,thatshouldreformwhatisamissajustarmyofRosycrossmen,fortheywillamendallmatters(theysay)religion,policy,manners,witharts,
sciences,&c.AnotherAttila,Tamerlane,Hercules,tostrivewithAchelous,Augeaestabulumpurgare,tosubduetyrants,as[596]hedidDiomedesandBusiris:to
expelthieves,ashedidCacusandLacinius:tovindicatepoorcaptives,ashedidHesione:topassthetorridzone,thedesertsofLibya,andpurgetheworldof
monstersandCentaurs:oranotherThebanCratestoreformourmanners,tocomposequarrelsandcontroversies,asinhistimehedid,andwasthereforeadoredfora
godinAthens.AsHercules[597]purgedtheworldofmonsters,andsubduedthem,sodidhefightagainstenvy,lust,anger,avarice,&c.andallthoseferalvices
andmonstersofthemind.Itweretobewishedwehadsomesuchvisitor,orifwishingwouldserve,onehadsucharingorrings,asTimolausdesiredin
[598]Lucian,byvirtueofwhichheshouldbeasstrongas10,000men,oranarmyofgiants,goinvisible,opengatesandcastledoors,havewhattreasurehewould,
transporthimselfinaninstanttowhatplacehedesired,alteraffections,cureallmannerofdiseases,thathemightrangeovertheworld,andreformalldistressed
statesandpersons,ashewouldhimself.HemightreducethosewanderingTartarsinorder,thatinfestChinaontheoneside,Muscovy,Poland,ontheotherand
tamethevagabondArabiansthatrobandspoilthoseeasterncountries,thattheyshouldneverusemorecaravans,orjanissariestoconductthem.Hemightrootout
barbarismoutofAmerica,andfullydiscoverTerraAustralisIncognita,findoutthenortheastandnorthwestpassages,drainthosemightyMaeotianfens,cutdown
thosevastHircinianwoods,irrigatethosebarrenArabiandeserts,&c.cureusofourepidemicaldiseases,scorbutum,plica,morbusNeapolitanus,&c.endallour
idlecontroversies,cutoffourtumultuousdesires,inordinatelusts,rootoutatheism,impiety,heresy,schismandsuperstition,whichnowsocrucifytheworld,
catechisegrossignorance,purgeItalyofluxuryandriot,Spainofsuperstitionandjealousy,Germanyofdrunkenness,allournortherncountryofgluttonyand
intemperance,castigateourhardheartedparents,masters,tutorslashdisobedientchildren,negligentservants,correctthesespendthriftsandprodigalsons,enforce
idlepersonstowork,drivedrunkardsoffthealehouse,repressthieves,visitcorruptandtyrannizingmagistrates,&c.ButasL.LiciniustaxedTimolaus,youmayus.
Thesearevain,absurdandridiculouswishesnottobehoped:allmustbeasitis,[599]BocchalinusmaycitecommonwealthstocomebeforeApollo,andseekto
reformtheworlditselfbycommissioners,butthereisnoremedy,itmaynotberedressed,desinenthominestumdemumstultescerequandoessedesinent,solongas
theycanwagtheirbeards,theywillplaytheknavesandfools.
Because,therefore,itisathingsodifficult,impossible,andfarbeyondHerculeslabourstobeperformedletthemberude,stupid,ignorant,incult,lapissuper
lapidemsedeat,andasthe[600]apologistwill,resp.tussi,etgraveolentialaboret,mundusvitio,letthembebarbarousastheyare,letthem[601]tyrannise,epicurise,
oppress,luxuriate,consumethemselveswithfactions,superstitions,lawsuits,warsandcontentions,liveinriot,poverty,want,miseryrebel,wallowassomany
swineintheirowndung,withUlysses'companions,stultosjubeoesselibenter.Iwillyet,tosatisfyandpleasemyself,makeanUtopiaofmineown,anewAtlantis,
apoeticalcommonwealthofmineown,inwhichIwillfreelydomineer,buildcities,makelaws,statutes,asIlistmyself.AndwhymayInot?[602]Pictoribus
atquepoetis,&c.Youknowwhatlibertypoetseverhad,andbesides,mypredecessorDemocrituswasapolitician,arecorderofAbdera,alawmakerassomesay
andwhymaynotIpresumesomuchashedid?HowsoeverIwilladventure.Forthesite,ifyouwillneedsurgemetoit,Iamnotfullyresolved,itmaybeinTerra
AustraliIncognita,thereisroomenough(forofmyknowledgeneitherthathungrySpaniard,[603]norMercuriusBritannicus,haveyetdiscoveredhalfofit)orelse
oneofthesefloatingislandsinMaredelZur,whichliketheCyanianislesintheEuxinesea,altertheirplace,andareaccessibleonlyatsettimes,andtosomefew
personsoroneofthefortunateisles,forwhoknowsyetwhere,orwhichtheyare?thereisroomenoughintheinnerpartsofAmerica,andnortherncoastsofAsia.
ButIwillchooseasite,whoselatitudeshallbe45degrees(Irespectnotminutes)inthemidstofthetemperatezone,orperhapsundertheequator,that[604]paradise
oftheworld,ubisempervirenslaurus,&c.whereisaperpetualspring:thelongitudeforsomereasonsIwillconceal.Yetbeitknowntoallmenbythesepresents,
thatifanyhonestgentlemanwillsendinsomuchmoney,asCardanallowsanastrologerforcastinganativity,heshallbeasharer,Iwillacquainthimwithmy
project,orifanyworthymanwillstandforanytemporalorspiritualofficeordignity,(forashesaidofhisarchbishopricofUtopia,'tissanctusambitus,andnot
amisstobesoughtafter,)itshallbefreelygivenwithoutallintercessions,bribes,letters,&c.hisownworthshallbethebestspokesmanandbecauseweshalladmit
ofnodeputiesoradvowsons,ifhebesufficientlyqualified,andasableaswillingtoexecutetheplacehimself,beshallhavepresentpossession.Itshallbedivided
into12or13provinces,andthosebyhills,rivers,roadways,orsomemoreeminentlimitsexactlybounded.Eachprovinceshallhaveametropolis,whichshallbeso
placedasacentrealmostinacircumference,andtherestatequaldistances,some12Italianmilesasunder,orthereabout,andinthemshallbesoldallthings
necessaryfortheuseofmanstatishorisetdiebus,nomarkettowns,marketsorfairs,fortheydobutbeggarcities(novillageshallstandabove6,7,or8milesfrom
acity)exceptthoseemporiumswhicharebytheseaside,generalstaples,marts,asAntwerp,Venice,Bergenofold,London,&c.citiesmostpartshallbesituated
uponnavigableriversorlakes,creeks,havensandfortheirform,regular,round,square,orlongsquare,[605]withfair,broad,andstraight[606]streets,houses
uniform,builtofbrickandstone,likeBruges,Brussels,RhegiumLepidi,BerneinSwitzerland,Milan,Mantua,Crema,CambaluinTartary,describedbyM.Polus,
orthatVenetianPalma.Iwilladmitveryfewornosuburbs,andthoseofbaserbuilding,wallsonlytokeepoutmanandhorse,exceptitbeinsomefrontiertowns,
orbytheseaside,andthosetobefortified[607]afterthelatestmanneroffortification,andsituateduponconvenienthavens,oropportuneplaces.Ineverysobuilt
27/48
22/03/2015
city,Iwillhaveconvenientchurches,andseparateplacestoburythedeadin,notinchurchyardsacitadella(insome,notall)tocommandit,prisonsforoffenders,
opportunemarketplacesofallsorts,forcorn,meat,cattle,fuel,fish,commodiouscourtsofjustice,publichallsforallsocieties,bourses,meetingplaces,armouries,
[608]inwhichshallbekeptenginesforquenchingoffire,artillerygardens,publicwalks,theatres,andspaciousfieldsallottedforallgymnasticsports,andhonest
recreations,hospitalsofallkinds,forchildren,orphans,oldfolks,sickmen,madmen,soldiers,pesthouses,&c.notbuiltprecario,orbygoutybenefactors,who,
whenbyfraudandrapinetheyhaveextortedalltheirlives,oppressedwholeprovinces,societies,&c.givesomethingtopioususes,buildasatisfactoryalmshouse,
schoolorbridge,&c.attheirlastend,orbeforeperhaps,whichisnootherwisethantostealagoose,andstickdownafeather,robathousandtorelievetenand
thosehospitalssobuiltandmaintained,notbycollections,benevolences,donaries,forasetnumber,(asinours,)justsomanyandnomoreatsucharate,butforall
thosewhostandinneed,betheymoreorless,andthatexpublicoaerario,andsostillmaintained,nonnobissolumnatisumus,&c.Iwillhaveconduitsofsweetand
goodwater,aptlydisposedineachtown,common[609]granaries,asatDresdeninMisnia,SteteininPomerland,Noremberg,&c.Collegesofmathematicians,
musicians,andactors,asofoldatLabeduminIonia,[610]alchemists,physicians,artists,andphilosophers:thatallartsandsciencesmaysoonerbeperfectedand
betterlearnedandpublichistoriographers,asamongstthoseancient[611]Persians,quiincommentariosreferebantquaememoratudignagerebantur,informedand
appointedbythestatetoregisterallfamousacts,andnotbyeachinsufficientscribbler,partialorparasiticalpedant,asinourtimes.Iwillprovidepublicschoolsof
allkinds,singing,dancing,fencing,&c.especiallyofgrammarandlanguages,nottobetaughtbythosetediouspreceptsordinarilyused,butbyuse,example,
conversation,[612]astravellerslearnabroad,andnursesteachtheirchildren:asIwillhaveallsuchplaces,sowillIordain[613]publicgovernors,fitofficerstoeach
place,treasurers,aediles,quaestors,overseersofpupils,widows'goods,andallpublichouses,&c.andthoseonceayeartomakestrictaccountsofallreceipts,
expenses,toavoidconfusion,etsicfietutnonabsumant(asPlinytoTrajan,)quadpudeatdicere.Theyshallbesubordinatetothosehigherofficersandgovernorsof
eachcity,whichshallnotbepoortradesmen,andmeanartificers,butnoblemenandgentlemen,whichshallbetiedtoresidenceinthosetownstheydwellnext,at
suchsettimesandseasons:forIseenoreason(which[614]Hippolituscomplainsof)thatitshouldbemoredishonourablefornoblementogovernthecitythanthe
country,orunseemlytodwelltherenow,thanofold.[615]Iwillhavenobogs,fens,marshes,vastwoods,deserts,heaths,commons,butallenclosed(yetnot
depopulated,andthereforetakeheedyoumistakemenot)forthatwhichiscommon,andeveryman's,isnoman'stherichestcountriesarestillenclosed,asEssex,
Kent,withus,&c.Spain,Italyandwhereenclosuresareleastinquantity,theyarebest[616]husbanded,asaboutFlorenceinItaly,DamascusinSyria,&c.which
arelikergardensthanfields.Iwillnothaveabarrenacreinallmyterritories,notsomuchasthetopsofmountains:wherenaturefails,itshallbesuppliedbyart:
[617]lakesandriversshallnotbeleftdesolate.Allcommonhighways,bridges,banks,corrivationsofwaters,aqueducts,channels,publicworks,buildings,&c.out
ofa[618]commonstock,curiouslymaintainedandkeptinrepairnodepopulations,engrossings,alterationsofwood,arable,butbytheconsentofsomesupervisors
thatshallbeappointedforthatpurpose,toseewhatreformationoughttobehadinallplaces,whatisamiss,howtohelpit,etquidquaequeferatregio,etquid
quaequerecuset,whatgroundisaptestforwood,whatforcorn,whatforcattle,gardens,orchards,fishponds,&c.withacharitabledivisionineveryvillage,(notone
domineeringhousegreedilytoswallowupall,whichistoocommonwithus)whatforlords,[619]whatfortenantsandbecausetheyshallbebetterencouragedto
improvesuchlandstheyhold,manure,planttrees,drain,fence,&c.theyshallhavelongleases,aknownrent,andknownfinetofreethemfromthoseintolerable
exactionsoftyrannizinglandlords.Thesesupervisorsshalllikewiseappointwhatquantityoflandineachmanorisfitforthelord'sdemesnes,[620]whatforholding
oftenants,howitoughttobehusbanded,ut[621]magnetisequis,Minyaegenscognitaremis,howtobemanured,tilled,rectified,[622]hicsegetesveniunt,illic
feliciusuvae,arboreifoetusalibi,atqueinjussavirescuntGramina,andwhatproportionisfitforallcallings,becauseprivateprofessorsaremanytimesidiots,ill
husbands,oppressors,covetous,andknownothowtoimprovetheirown,orelsewhollyrespecttheirown,andnotpublicgood.
Utopianparityisakindofgovernment,tobewishedfor,[623]ratherthaneffected,Respub.Christianopolitana,Campanella'scityoftheSun,andthatnewAtlantis,
wittyfictions,butmerechimerasandPlato'scommunityinmanythingsisimpious,absurdandridiculous,ittakesawayallsplendourandmagnificence.Iwillhave
severalorders,degreesofnobility,andthosehereditary,notrejectingyoungerbrothersinthemeantime,fortheyshallbesufficientlyprovidedforbypensions,orso
qualified,broughtupinsomehonestcalling,theyshallbeabletoliveofthemselves.Iwillhavesuchaproportionofgroundbelongingtoeverybarony,hethatbuys
thelandshallbuythebarony,hethatbyriotconsumeshispatrimony,andancientdemesnes,shallforfeithishonours.[624]Assomedignitiesshallbehereditary,so
someagainbyelection,orbygift(besidesfreeofficers,pensions,annuities,)likeourbishoprics,prebends,theBassa'spalacesinTurkey,the[625]procurator's
housesandofficesinVenice,which,likethegoldenapple,shallbegiventotheworthiest,andbestdeservingbothinwarandpeace,asarewardoftheirworthand
goodservice,assomanygoalsforalltoaimat,(honosalitartes)andencouragementstoothers.ForIhatethesesevere,unnatural,harsh,German,French,and
Venetiandecrees,whichexcludeplebeiansfromhonours,betheyneversowise,rich,virtuous,valiant,andwellqualified,theymustnotbepatricians,butkeeptheir
ownrank,thisisnaturaebelluminferre,odioustoGodandmen,Iabhorit.Myformofgovernmentshallbemonarchical.
[626]nunquamlibertasgratiorextat,
QuamsubRegepio,&c.
fewlaws,butthoseseverelykept,plainlyputdown,andinthemothertongue,thateverymanmayunderstand.Everycityshallhaveapeculiartradeorprivilege,by
whichitshallbechieflymaintained:[627]andparentsshallteachtheirchildrenoneofthreeatleast,bringupandinstructtheminthemysteriesoftheirowntrade.In
eachtowntheseseveraltradesmenshallbesoaptlydisposed,astheyshallfreetherestfromdangeroroffence:firetrades,assmiths,forgemen,brewers,bakers,
metalmen,&c.,shalldwellapartbythemselves:dyers,tanners,fellmongers,andsuchasusewaterinconvenientplacesbythemselves:noisomeorfulsomeforbad
smells,asbutchers'slaughterhouses,chandlers,curriers,inremoteplaces,andsomebacklanes.Fraternitiesandcompanies,Iapproveof,asmerchants'bourses,
collegesofdruggists,physicians,musicians,&c.,butalltradestoberatedinthesaleofwares,asourclerksofthemarketdobakersandbrewerscornitself,what
scarcitysoevershallcome,nottoextendsuchaprice.Ofsuchwaresasaretransportedorbroughtin,[628]iftheybenecessary,commodious,andsuchasnearly
concernman'slife,ascorn,wood,coal,&c.,andsuchprovisionwecannotwant,Iwillhavelittleornocustompaid,notaxesbutforsuchthingsasareforpleasure,
delight,orornament,aswine,spice,tobacco,silk,velvet,clothofgold,lace,jewels,&c.,agreaterimpost.Iwillhavecertainshipssentoutfornewdiscoveries
everyyear,[629]andsomediscreetmenappointedtotravelintoallneighbouringkingdomsbyland,whichshallobservewhatartificialinventionsandgoodlawsare
inothercountries,customs,alterations,oraughtelse,concerningwarorpeace,whichmaytendtothecommongood.Ecclesiasticaldiscipline,penesEpiscopos,
subordinateastheother.Noimpropriations,nolaypatronsofchurchlivings,oroneprivateman,butcommonsocieties,corporations,&c.,andthoserectorsof
beneficestobechosenoutoftheUniversities,examinedandapproved,astheliteratiinChina.Noparishtocontainaboveathousandauditors.Ifitwerepossible,I
wouldhavesuchpriestasshouldimitateChrist,charitablelawyersshouldlovetheirneighboursasthemselves,temperateandmodestphysicians,politicians
contemntheworld,philosophersshouldknowthemselves,noblemenlivehonestly,tradesmenleavelyingandcozening,magistratescorruption,&c.,butthisis
impossible,ImustgetsuchasImay.Iwillthereforehave[630]oflawyers,judges,advocates,physicians,chirurgeons,&c.,asetnumber,[631]andeveryman,ifit
bepossible,topleadhisowncause,totellthattaletothejudgewhichhedothtohisadvocate,asatFezinAfrica,Bantam,Aleppo,Ragusa,suamquisquecausam
diceretenetur.Thoseadvocates,chirurgeons,and[632]physicians,whichareallowedtobemaintainedoutofthe[633]commontreasury,nofeestobegivenortaken
uponpainoflosingtheirplacesoriftheydo,verysmallfees,andwhenthe[634]causeisfullyended.[635]Hethatsuesanymanshallputinapledge,whichifitbe
provedhehathwrongfullysuedhisadversary,rashlyormaliciously,heshallforfeit,andlose.Orelsebeforeanysuitbegin,theplaintiffshallhavehiscomplaint
approvedbyasetdelegacytothatpurposeifitbeofmomentheshallbesufferedasbefore,toproceed,ifotherwisetheyshalldetermineit.Allcausesshallbe
pleadedsuppressonomine,theparties'namesconcealed,ifsomecircumstancesdonototherwiserequire.Judgesandotherofficersshallbeaptlydisposedineach
province,villages,cities,ascommonarbitratorstohearcauses,andendallcontroversies,andthosenotsingle,butthreeatleastonthebenchatonce,todetermineor
givesentence,andthoseagaintositbyturnsorlots,andnottocontinuestillinthesameoffice.Nocontroversytodependaboveayear,butwithoutalldelaysand
furtherappealstobespeedilydespatched,andfinallyconcludedinthattimeallotted.Theseandallotherinferiormagistratestobechosen[636]astheliteratiin
China,orbythoseexactsuffragesofthe[637]Venetians,andsuchagainnottobeeligible,orcapableofmagistracies,honours,offices,excepttheybesufficiently
[638]qualifiedforlearning,manners,andthatbythestrictapprobationofdeputedexaminers:[639]firstscholarstotakeplace,thensoldiersforIamofVigetiushis
opinion,ascholardeservesbetterthanasoldier,becauseUniusaetatissuntquaefortiterfiunt,quaeveroproutilitateReipub.scribuntur,aeterna:asoldier'swork
lastsforanage,ascholar'sforever.Ifthey[640]misbehavethemselves,theyshallbedeposed,andaccordinglypunished,andwhethertheirofficesbeannual
[641]orotherwise,onceayeartheyshallbecalledinquestion,andgiveanaccountformenarepartialandpassionate,merciless,covetous,corrupt,subjecttolove,
hate,fear,favour,&c.,omnesubregnogravioreregnum:likeSolon'sAreopagites,orthoseRomanCensors,someshallvisitothers,and[642]bevisitedinvicem
themselves,[643]theyshalloverseethatnoprowlingofficer,undercolourofauthority,shallinsultoverhisinferiors,assomanywildbeasts,oppress,domineer,
flea,grind,ortrampleon,bepartialorcorrupt,butthattherebeaequabilejus,justiceequallydone,liveasfriendsandbrethrentogetherandwhich[644]Sesellius
wouldhaveandsomuchdesiresinhiskingdomofFrance,adiapasonandsweetharmonyofkings,princes,nobles,andplebeianssomutuallytiedandinvolvedin
love,aswellaslawsandauthority,asthattheyneverdisagree,insult,orencroachoneuponanother.Ifanymandeservewellinhisofficeheshallberewarded.
quisenimvirtutemamplectituripsam,
Proemiasitollas?[645]
Hethatinventsanythingforpublicgoodinanyartorscience,writesatreatise,[646]orperformsanynobleexploit,athomeorabroad,[647]shallbeaccordingly
enriched,[648]honoured,andpreferred.IsaywithHannibalinEnnius,HostemquiferieteritmihiCarthaginensis,lethimbeofwhatconditionhewill,inalloffices,
actions,hethatdeservesbestshallhavebest.
28/48
22/03/2015
TilianusinPhilonius,outofacharitablemindnodoubt,wishedallhisbooksweregoldandsilver,jewelsandpreciousstones,[649]toredeemcaptives,setfree
prisoners,andrelieveallpoordistressedsoulsthatwantedmeansreligiouslydone.Idenynot,buttowhatpurpose?Supposethisweresowelldone,withinalittle
after,thoughamanhadCroesus'wealthtobestow,therewouldbeasmanymore.WhereforeIwillsufferno[650]beggars,rogues,vagabonds,oridlepersonsatall,
thatcannotgiveanaccountoftheirliveshowthey[651]maintainthemselves.Iftheybeimpotent,lame,blind,andsingle,theyshallbesufficientlymaintainedin
severalhospitals,builtforthatpurposeifmarriedandinfirm,pastwork,orbyinevitableloss,orsomesuchlikemisfortunecastbehind,bydistributionof
[652]corn,houserentfree,annualpensionsormoney,theyshallberelieved,andhighlyrewardedfortheirgoodservicetheyhaveformerlydoneifable,theyshall
beenforcedtowork.[653]ForIseenoreason(as[654]hesaid)whyanepicureoridledrone,arichglutton,ausurer,shouldliveatease,anddonothing,livein
honour,inallmannerofpleasures,andoppressothers,whenasinthemeantimeapoorlabourer,asmith,acarpenter,anhusbandmanthathathspenthistimein
continuallabour,asanasstocarryburdens,todothecommonwealthgood,andwithoutwhomwecannotlive,shallbeleftinhisoldagetobegorstarve,andleada
miserablelifeworsethanajument.As[655]allconditionsshallbetiedtotheirtask,sononeshallbeovertired,buthavetheirsettimesofrecreationsandholidays,
indulgeregenio,feastsandmerrymeetings,eventothemeanestartificer,orbasestservant,onceaweektosingordance,(thoughnotallatonce)ordowhatsoever
heshallpleaselike[656]thatSaccarumfestumamongstthePersians,thoseSaturnalsinRome,aswellashismaster.[657]Ifanybedrunk,heshalldrinknomore
wineorstrongdrinkinatwelvemonthafter.Abankruptshallbe[658]CatademiatusinAmphitheatro,publiclyshamed,andhethatcannotpayhisdebts,ifbyriotor
negligencehehavebeenimpoverished,shallbeforatwelvemonthimprisoned,ifinthatspacehiscreditorsbenotsatisfied,[659]heshallbehanged.He[660]that
commitssacrilegeshalllosehishandshethatbearsfalsewitness,orisofperjuryconvicted,shallhavehistonguecutout,exceptheredeemitwithhishead.
Murder,[661]adultery,shallbepunishedbydeath,[662]butnottheft,exceptitbesomemoregrievousoffence,ornotoriousoffenders:otherwisetheyshallbe
condemnedtothegalleys,mines,behisslaveswhomtheyhaveoffended,duringtheirlives.Ihateallhereditaryslaves,andthatduramPersarumlegemas
[663]Brisoniuscallsitoras[664]Ammianus,impendioformidatasetabominandasleges,perquasobnoxamunius,omnispropinquitasperithardlawthatwifeand
children,friendsandallies,shouldsufferforthefather'soffence.
Nomanshallmarryuntilhe[665]be25,nowomantillshebe20,[666]nisialiturdispensatumfuerit.Ifone[667]die,theotherpartyshallnotmarrytillsixmonths
afterandbecausemanyfamiliesarecompelledtoliveniggardly,exhaustandundonebygreatdowers,[668]noneshallbegivenatall,orverylittle,andthatby
supervisorsrated,theythatarefoulshallhaveagreaterportioniffair,noneatall,orverylittle:[669]howsoevernottoexceedsucharateasthosesupervisorsshall
thinkfit.Andwhenoncetheycometothoseyears,povertyshallhindernomanfrommarriage,oranyotherrespect,[670]butallshallberatherenforcedthan
hindered,[671]excepttheybe[672]dismembered,orgrievouslydeformed,infirm,orvisitedwithsomeenormoushereditarydisease,inbodyormindinsuchcases
uponagreatpain,ormulct,[673]manorwomanshallnotmarry,otherordershallbetakenforthemtotheircontent.Ifpeopleoverabound,theyshallbeeasedby
[674]colonies.
[675]Nomanshallwearweaponsinanycity.Thesameattireshallbekept,andthatpropertoseveralcallings,bywhichtheyshallbedistinguished.[676]Luxus
funerumshallbetakenaway,thatintempestiveexpensemoderated,andmanyothers.Brokers,takersofpawns,bitingusurers,Iwillnotadmityetbecausehiccum
hominibusnoncumdiisagitur,weconverseherewithmen,notwithgods,andforthehardnessofmen'sheartsIwilltoleratesomekindofusury.[677]Ifwewere
honest,Iconfess,siprobiessemus,weshouldhavenouseofit,butbeingasitis,wemustnecessarilyadmitit.Howsoevermostdivinescontradictit,dicimus
inficias,sedvoxeasolarepertaest,itmustbewinkedatbypoliticians.Andyetsomegreatdoctorsapproveofit,Calvin,Bucer,Zanchius,P.Martyr,becausebyso
manygrandlawyers,decreesofemperors,princes'statutes,customsofcommonwealths,churches'approbationsitispermitted,&c.Iwillthereforeallowit.Butto
noprivatepersons,nortoeverymanthatwill,toorphansonly,maids,widows,orsuchasbyreasonoftheirage,sex,education,ignoranceoftrading,knownot
otherwisehowtoemployitandthosesoapproved,nottoletitoutapart,buttobringtheirmoneytoa[678]commonbankwhichshallbeallowedineverycity,asin
Genoa,Geneva,Nuremberg,Venice,at[679]5,6,7,notabove8percentum,asthesupervisors,oraerariipraefectishallthinkfit.[680]Andasitshallnotbelawful
foreachmantobeanusurerthatwill,soshallitnotbelawfulforalltotakeupmoneyatuse,nottoprodigalsandspendthrifts,buttomerchants,youngtradesmen,
suchasstandinneed,orknowhonestlyhowtoemployit,whosenecessity,causeandconditionthesaidsupervisorsshallapproveof.
Iwillhavenoprivatemonopolies,toenrichoneman,andbeggaramultitude,[681]multiplicityofoffices,ofsupplyingbydeputies,weightsandmeasures,thesame
throughout,andthoserectifiedbythePrimummobileandsun'smotion,threescoremilestoadegreeaccordingtoobservation,1000geometricalpacestoamile,five
foottoapace,twelveinchestoafoot,&c.andfrommeasuresknownitisaneasymattertorectifyweights,&c.tocastupall,andresolvebodiesbyalgebra,
stereometry.Ihatewarsiftheybenotadpopulisalutemuponurgentoccasion,[682]odimusaccipitrim,quiasempervivitinarmis[683]offensivewars,exceptthe
causebeveryjust,Iwillnotallowof.ForIdohighlymagnifythatsayingofHannibaltoScipio,in[684]Livy,Ithadbeenablessedthingforyouandus,ifGod
hadgiventhatmindtoourpredecessors,thatyouhadbeencontentwithItaly,wewithAfrica.ForneitherSicilynorSardiniaareworthsuchcostandpains,somany
fleetsandarmies,orsomanyfamousCaptains'lives.Omniapriustentanda,fairmeansshallfirstbetried.[685]Peragittranquillapotestas,Quodviolentanequit.I
willhavethemproceedwithallmoderation:buthearyou,Fabiusmygeneral,notMinutius,nam[686]quiConsilionititurplushostibusnocet,quamquisinianimi
ratione,viribus:Andinsuchwarstoabstainasmuchasispossiblefrom[687]depopulations,burningoftowns,massacringofinfants,&c.Fordefensivewars,Iwill
haveforcesstillreadyatasmallwarning,bylandandsea,apreparednavy,soldiersinprocinctu,etquam[688]BonfiniusapudHungarossuosvult,virgamferream,
andmoney,whichisnervesbelli,stillinareadiness,andasufficientrevenue,athirdpartasinold[689]RomeandEgypt,reservedforthecommonwealthtoavoid
thoseheavytaxesandimpositions,aswelltodefraythischargeofwars,asalsoallotherpublicdefalcations,expenses,fees,pensions,reparations,chastesports,
feasts,donaries,rewards,andentertainments.AllthingsinthisnatureespeciallyIwillhavematurelydone,andwithgreat[690]deliberation:nequid[691]temere,
nequidremisseactimidefiatSidquoferorhospes?Toprosecutetherestwouldrequireavolume.Manumdetabella,IhavebeenovertediousinthissubjectI
couldhaveherewillinglyranged,butthesestraitswhereinIamincludedwillnotpermit.
Fromcommonwealthsandcities,Iwilldescendtofamilies,whichhaveasmanycorsivesandmolestations,asfrequentdiscontentsastherest.Greataffinitythereis
betwixtapoliticalandeconomicalbodytheydifferonlyinmagnitudeandproportionofbusiness(soScaliger[692]writes)astheyhavebothlikelythesameperiod,
as[693]Bodinand[694]Peucerhold,outofPlato,sixorsevenhundredyears,somanytimestheyhavethesamemeansoftheirvexationandoverthrowsasnamely,
riot,acommonruinofboth,riotinbuilding,riotinprofusespending,riotinapparel,&c.beitinwhatkindsoever,itproduceththesameeffects.A
[695]chorographerofoursspeakingobiterofancientfamilies,whytheyaresofrequentinthenorth,continuesolong,aresosoonextinguishedinthesouth,andso
few,givesnootherreasonbutthis,luxusomniadissipavit,riothathconsumedall,fineclothesandcuriousbuildingscameintothisisland,ashenotesinhisannals,
notsomanyyearssincenonsinedispendiohospitalitatistothedecayofhospitality.Howbeitmanytimesthatwordismistaken,andunderthenameofbountyand
hospitality,isshroudedriotandprodigality,andthatwhichiscommendableinitselfwellused,hathbeenmistakenheretofore,isbecomebyhisabuse,thebaneand
utterruinofmanyanoblefamily.Forsomemenliveliketherichglutton,consumingthemselvesandtheirsubstancebycontinualfeastingandinvitations,with
[696]AxiloninHomer,keepopenhouseforallcomers,givingentertainmenttosuchasvisitthem,[697]keepingatablebeyondtheirmeans,andacompanyofidle
servants(thoughnotsofrequentasofold)areblownuponasuddenandasActaeonwasbyhishounds,devouredbytheirkinsmen,friends,andmultitudeof
followers.[698]ItisawonderthatPaulusJoviusrelatesofournortherncountries,whataninfinitedealofmeatweconsumeonourtablesthatImaytrulysay,'tis
notbounty,nothospitality,asitisoftenabused,butriotandexcess,gluttonyandprodigalityamereviceitbringsindebt,want,andbeggary,hereditarydiseases,
consumestheirfortunes,andoverthrowsthegoodtemperatureoftheirbodies.TothisImightherewelladdtheirinordinateexpenseinbuilding,thosefantastical
houses,turrets,walks,parks,&c.gaming,excessofpleasure,andthatprodigiousriotinapparel,bywhichmeanstheyarecompelledtobreakuphouse,andcreep
intoholes.Seselliusinhiscommonwealthof[699]France,givesthreereasonswhytheFrenchnobilityweresofrequentlybankrupts:First,becausetheyhadso
manylawsuitsandcontentionsoneuponanother,whichweretediousandcostlybywhichmeansitcametopass,thatcommonlylawyersboughtthemoutoftheir
possessions.Asecondcausewastheirriot,theylivedbeyondtheirmeans,andwerethereforeswallowedupbymerchants.(LaNove,aFrenchwriter,yieldsfive
reasonsofhiscountrymen'spoverty,tothesameeffectalmost,andthinksverilyifthegentryofFranceweredividedintotenparts,eightofthemwouldbefound
muchimpaired,bysales,mortgages,anddebts,orwhollysunkintheirestates.)Thelastwasimmoderateexcessinapparel,whichconsumedtheirrevenues.How
thisconcernsandagreeswithourpresentstate,lookyou.Butofthiselsewhere.Asitisinaman'sbody,ifeitherhead,heart,stomach,liver,spleen,oranyonepart
bemisaffected,alltherestsufferwithit:soisitwiththiseconomicalbody.Iftheheadbenaught,aspendthrift,adrunkard,awhoremaster,agamester,howshallthe
familyliveatease?[700]Ipsasicupiatsolusservare,prorsus,nonpotesthancfamiliam,asDemeasaidinthecomedy,Safetyherselfcannotsaveit.Agood,honest,
painfulmanmanytimeshathashrewtohiswife,asickly,dishonest,slothful,foolish,carelesswomantohismate,aproud,peevishflirt,aliquorish,prodigalquean,
andbythatmeansallgoestoruin:oriftheydifferinnature,heisthrifty,shespendsall,hewise,shesottishandsoftwhatagreementcantherebe?whatfriendship?
LikethatofthethrushandswallowinAesop,insteadofmutuallove,kindcompellations,whoreandthiefisheard,theyflingstoolsatoneanother'sheads.
[701]Quaeintemperiesvexathancfamiliam?Allenforcedmarriagescommonlyproducesucheffects,orifontheirbehalvesitbewell,astoliveandagreelovingly
together,theymayhavedisobedientandunrulychildren,thattakeillcoursestodisquietthem,[702]theirsonisathief,aspendthrift,theirdaughterawhoreastep
[703]mother,oradaughterinlawdistempersall[704]orelseforwantofmeans,manytorturersarise,debts,dues,fees,dowries,jointures,legaciestobepaid,
annuitiesissuingout,bymeansofwhich,theyhavenotwherewithaltomaintainthemselvesinthatpompastheirpredecessorshavedone,bringuporbestowtheir
childrentotheircallings,totheirbirthandquality,[705]andwillnotdescendtotheirpresentfortunes.Oftentimes,too,toaggravatetherest,concurmanyother
29/48
22/03/2015
inconveniences,unthankfulfriends,decayedfriends,badneighbours,negligentservants[706]servifuraces,Versipelles,callidi,occlusasibimilleclavibusreserant,
furtimqueraptant,consumunt,liguriuntcasualties,taxes,mulcts,chargeableoffices,vainexpenses,entertainments,lossofstock,enmities,emulations,frequent
invitations,losses,suretyship,sickness,deathoffriends,andthatwhichisthegulfofall,improvidence,illhusbandry,disorderandconfusion,bywhichmeansthey
aredrenchedonasuddenintheirestates,andatunawaresprecipitatedinsensiblyintoaninextricablelabyrinthofdebts,cares,woes,want,grief,discontentand
melancholyitself.
Ihavedonewithfamilies,andwillnowbrieflyrunoversomefewsortsandconditionsofmen.Themostsecure,happy,jovial,andmerryintheworld'sesteemare
princesandgreatmen,freefrommelancholy:butfortheircares,miseries,suspicions,jealousies,discontents,follyandmadness,IreferyoutoXenophon's
Tyrannus,wherekingHierondiscoursethatlargewithSimonidesthepoet,ofthissubject.Ofallotherstheyaremosttroubledwithperpetualfears,anxieties,
insomuch,thatashesaidin[707]Valerius,ifthouknewestwithwhatcaresandmiseriesthisrobewerestuffed,thouwouldstnotstooptotakeitup.Orputcasethey
besecureandfreefromfearsanddiscontents,yettheyarevoid[708]ofreasontoooft,andprecipitateintheiractions,readallourhistories,quosdestultisprodidere
stulti,Iliades,Aeneides,Annales,andwhatisthesubject?
Stultorumregum,etpopulorumcontinetaestus.
Thegiddytumultsandthefoolishrage
Ofkingsandpeople.
Howmadtheyare,howfurious,anduponsmalloccasions,rashandinconsiderateintheirproceedings,howtheydote,everypagealmostwillwitness,
delirantreges,plectunturAchivi.
Whendotingmonarchsurge
Unsoundresolves,theirsubjectsfeelthescourge.
Nextinplace,nextinmiseriesanddiscontents,inallmannerofhairbrainactions,aregreatmen,proculaJove,proculafulmine,thenearertheworse.Iftheylivein
court,theyareupanddown,ebbandflowwiththeirprinces'favours,Ingeniumvultustatquecaditquesuo,nowaloft,tomorrowdown,as[709]Polybiusdescribes
them,likesomanycastingcounters,nowofgold,tomorrowofsilver,thatvaryinworthasthecomputantwillnowtheystandforunits,tomorrowforthousands
nowbeforeall,andanonbehind.Beside,theytormentoneanotherwithmutualfactions,emulations:oneisambitious,anotherenamoured,athirdindebt,a
prodigal,overrunshisfortunes,afourthsolicitouswithcares,getsnothing,&c.Butforthesemen'sdiscontents,anxieties,IreferyoutoLucian'sTract,demercede
conductis,[710]AeneasSylvius(libidinisetstultitiaeservos,hecallsthem),Agrippa,andmanyothers.
Ofphilosophersandscholarspriscaesapientiaedictatores,Ihavealreadyspokeningeneralterms,thosesuperintendentsofwitandlearning,menabovemen,those
refinedmen,minionsofthemuses,
[711]mentemquehaberequeisbonam
Etesse[712]corculisdatumest.
[713]Theseacuteandsubtlesophisters,somuchhonoured,haveasmuchneedofhelleboreasothers.[714]Omedicimediampertunditevenam.ReadLucian's
Piscator,andtellhowheesteemedthemAgrippa'sTractofthevanityofSciencesnayreadtheirownworks,theirabsurdtenets,prodigiousparadoxes,etrisum
teneatisamici?YoushallfindthatofAristotletrue,nullummagnumingeniumsinemixturadementiae,theyhaveawormaswellasothersyoushallfinda
fantasticalstrain,afustian,abombast,avainglorioushumour,anaffectedstyle,&c.,likeaprominentthreadinanunevenwovencloth,runparallelthroughouttheir
works.Andtheythatteachwisdom,patience,meekness,aretheveriestdizzards,harebrains,andmostdiscontent.[715]Inthemultitudeofwisdomisgrief,andhe
thatincreasethwisdom,increasethsorrow.Ineednotquotemineauthortheythatlaughandcontemnothers,condemntheworldoffolly,deservetobemocked,are
asgiddyheaded,andlieasopenasanyother.[716]Democritus,thatcommonflouteroffolly,wasridiculoushimself,barkingMenippus,scoffingLucian,satirical
Lucilius,Petronius,Varro,Persius,&c.,maybecensuredwiththerest,Loripedemrectusderideat,Aethiopemalbus.Bale,Erasmus,Hospinian,Vives,Kemnisius,
explodeasavastoceanofobsandsols,schooldivinity.[717]Alabyrinthofintricablequestions,unprofitablecontentions,incredibilemdelirationem,onecallsit.If
schooldivinitybesocensured,subtilis[718]Scotuslimaveritatis,Occamirrefragabilis,cujusingeniumveteraomniaingeniasubvertit,&c.Baconthrope,Dr.
Resolutus,andCorculumTheolgiae,Thomashimself,Doctor[719]Seraphicus,cuidictavitAngelus,&c.Whatshallbecomeofhumanity?Arsstulta,whatcanshe
plead?whatcanherfollowerssayforthemselves?Muchlearning,[720]cerediminuitbrum,hathcrackedtheirsconce,andtakensuchroot,thattribusAnticyris
caputinsanabile,helleboreitselfcandonogood,northatrenowned[721]lanternofEpictetus,bywhichifanymanstudied,heshouldbeaswiseashewas.Butall
willnotserverhetoricians,inostentationemloquacitatismultaagitant,outoftheirvolubilityoftongue,willtalkmuchtonopurpose,oratorscanpersuadeother
menwhattheywill,quovolunt,undevolunt,move,pacify,&c.,butcannotsettletheirownbrains,whatsaithTully?Maloindisertamprudentiam,quamloquacem,
stultitiamandas[722]Senecasecondshim,awiseman'sorationshouldnotbepoliteorsolicitous.[723]Fabiusesteemsnobetterofmostofthem,eitherinspeech,
action,gesture,thanasmenbesidethemselves,insanosdeclamatoressodothGregory,Nonmihisapitquisermone,sedquifactissapit.Makethebestofhim,a
goodoratorisaturncoat,anevilman,bonusoratorpessimusvir,histongueissettosale,heisamerevoice,as[724]hesaidofanightingale,datsinementesonum,
anhyperbolicalliar,aflatterer,aparasite,andas[725]AmmianusMarcellinuswill,acorruptingcozener,onethatdothmoremischiefbyhisfairspeeches,thanhe
thatbribesbymoneyforamanmaywithmorefacilityavoidhimthatcircumventsbymoney,thanhimthatdeceiveswithglozingtermswhichmade[726]Socrates
somuchabhorandexplodethem.[727]Fracastorius,afamouspoet,freelygrantsallpoetstobemadsodoth[728]Scaligerandwhodothnot?Autinsanithomo,aut
versusfacit(He'smadormakingverses),Hor.Sat.vii.l.2.Insanirelubet,i.versuscomponere.Virg.3Ecl.soServiusinterpretsit,allpoetsaremad,acompanyof
bittersatirists,detractors,orelseparasiticalapplauders:andwhatispoetryitself,butasAustinholds,Vinumerrorisabebriisdoctoribuspropinatum?Youmaygive
thatcensureofthemingeneral,whichSirThomasMoreoncedidofGermanusBrixius'poemsinparticular.
vehuntur
InratestultitiaesylvamhabitantFuriae.[729]
Budaeus,inanepistleofhistoLupsetus,willhavecivillawtobethetowerofwisdomanotherhonoursphysic,thequintessenceofnatureathirdtumblesthem
bothdown,andsetsuptheflagofhisownpeculiarscience.Yoursuperciliouscritics,grammaticaltriflers,notemakers,curiousantiquaries,findoutalltheruinsof
wit,ineptiarumdelicias,amongsttherubbishofoldwriters[730]Prostultishabentnisialiquidsufficiantinvenire,quodinaliorumscriptisvertantvitio,allfools
withthemthatcannotfindfaulttheycorrectothers,andarehotinacoldcause,puzzlethemselvestofindouthowmanystreetsinRome,houses,gates,towers,
Homer'scountry,Aeneas'smother,Niobe'sdaughters,anSapphopublicafuerit?ovum[731]priusextiteritangallina!&c.etaliaquaedediscendaessentscire,si
scires,as[732]Senecaholds.WhatclothesthesenatorsdidwearinRome,whatshoes,howtheysat,wheretheywenttotheclosestool,howmanydishesinamess,
whatsauce,whichforthepresentforanhistoriantorelate,[733]accordingtoLodovic.Vives,isveryridiculous,istothemmostpreciouselaboratestuff,they
admiredforit,andasproud,astriumphantinthemeantimeforthisdiscovery,asiftheyhadwonacity,orconqueredaprovinceasrichasiftheyhadfoundamine
ofgoldore.Quosvisauctoresabsurdiscommentissuispercacantetstercorant,onesaith,theybewrayanddaubacompanyofbooksandgoodauthors,withtheir
absurdcomments,correctorumsterquilinia[734]Scaligercallsthem,andshowtheirwitincensuringothers,acompanyoffoolishnotemakers,humblebees,dors,
orbeetles,interstercorautplurimumversantur,theyrakeoverallthoserubbishanddunghills,andpreferamanuscriptmanytimesbeforetheGospelitself,
[735]thesaurumcriticum,beforeanytreasure,andwiththeirdeleaturs,aliileguntsic,meuscodexsichabet,withtheirpostremaeeditiones,annotations,castigations,
&c.makebooksdear,themselvesridiculous,anddonobodygood,yetifanymandareopposeorcontradict,theyaremad,upinarmsonasudden,howmanysheets
arewrittenindefence,howbitterinvectives,whatapologies?[736]Epiphilledeshaesuntutmerae,nugae.ButIdaresaynomoreof,for,with,oragainstthem,
becauseIamliabletotheirlashaswellasothers.Oftheseandtherestofourartistsandphilosophers,Iwillgenerallyconcludetheyareakindofmadmen,as[737]
Senecaesteemsofthem,tomakedoubtsandscruples,howtoreadthemtruly,tomendoldauthors,butwillnotmendtheirownlives,orteachusingeviasanare,
memoriamofficiorumingerere,acfideminrebushumanisretinere,tokeepourwitsinorder,orrectifyourmanners.Numquidtibidemensvidetur,siistisoperam
impenderit?IsnothemadthatdrawslineswithArchimedes,whilsthishouseisransacked,andhiscitybesieged,whenthewholeworldisincombustion,orwe
whilstoursoulsareindanger,(morssequitur,vitafugit)tospendourtimeintoys,idlequestions,andthingsofnoworth?
That[738]loversaremad,Ithinknomanwilldeny,Amaresimuletsapere,ipsiJovinondatur,Jupiterhimselfcannotintendbothatonce.
[739]Nonbeneconveniunt,necinunasedemorantur
Majestasetamor.
Tully,whenhewasinvitedtoasecondmarriage,replied,hecouldnotsimulamareetsaperebewiseandlovebothtogether.[740]Estorcusille,visest
immedicabilis,estrabiesinsana,loveismadness,ahell,anincurablediseaseinpotentemetinsanamlibidinem[741]Senecacallsit,animpotentandraginglust.I
shalldilatethissubjectapartinthemeantimeletloverssighouttherest.
30/48
22/03/2015
[742]Nevisanusthelawyerholdsitforanaxiom,mostwomenarefools,[743]consiliumfoeminisinvalidumSeneca,men,betheyyoungoroldwhodoubtsit,
youthismadasEliusinTully,Stultiadolescentuli,oldagelittlebetter,delerisenes,&c.Theophrastes,inthe107thyearofhisage,[744]saidhethenbegantobeto
wise,tumsaperecoepit,andthereforelamentedhisdeparture.Ifwisdomcomesolate,whereshallwefindawiseman?Ouroldonesdoteatthreescoreandten.I
wouldcitemoreproofs,andabetterauthor,butforthepresent,letonefoolpointatanother.[745]Nevisanushathashardanopinionof[746]richmen,wealthand
wisdomcannotdwelltogether,stultitiampatiunturopes,[747]andtheydocommonly[748]infatuarecorhominis,besotmenandasweseeit,foolshavefortune:
[749]Sapientianoninveniturinterrasuaviterviventium.Forbesideanaturalcontemptoflearning,whichaccompaniessuchkindofmen,innateidleness(forthey
willtakenopains),andwhich[750]Aristotleobserves,ubimensplurima,ibiminimafortuna,ubiplurimafortuna,ibimensperexigua,greatwealthandlittlewitgo
commonlytogether:theyhaveasmuchbrainssomeofthemintheirheadsasintheirheelsbesidesthisinbredneglectofliberalsciences,andallarts,whichshould
excolerementem,polishthemind,theyhavemostpartsomegullishhumourorother,bywhichtheyareledoneisanEpicure,anAtheist,asecondagamester,a
thirdawhoremaster(fitsubjectsallforasatiristtoworkupon)
[751]Hicnuptaruminsanitamoribus,hicpuerorum.
Oneburnstomadnessfortheweddeddame
Unnaturallustsanother'sheartinflame.
[752]oneismadofhawking,hunting,cockinganotherofcarousing,horseriding,spendingafourthofbuilding,fighting,&c.,InsanitveteresstatuasDamasippus
emendo,Damasippushathanhumourofhisown,tobetalkedof:[753]HeliodorustheCarthaginiananother.Inaword,asScaligerconcludesofthemall,theyare
Statuaeerectaestultitiae,theverystatutesorpillarsoffolly.Chooseoutofallstorieshimthathathbeenmostadmired,youshallstillfind,multaadlaudem,multa
advituperationemmagnifica,as[754]BerosusofSemiramisomnesmortalesmilitiatriumphis,divitiis,&c.,tumetluxu,caede,caeterisquevitiisantecessit,asshe
hadsomegood,sohadshemanybadparts.
Alexander,aworthyman,butfuriousinhisanger,overtakenindrink:CaesarandScipiovaliantandwise,butvainglorious,ambitious:Vespasianaworthyprince,
butcovetous:[755]Hannibal,ashehadmightyvirtues,sohadhemanyvicesunamvirtutemmillevitiacomitantur,asMachiavelofCosmodeMedici,hehadtwo
distinctpersonsinhim.Iwilldetermineofthemall,theyarelikethesedoubleorturningpicturesstandbeforewhichyouseeafairmaid,ontheonesideanape,on
theotheranowllookuponthematthefirstsight,alliswell,butfartherexamine,youshallfindthemwiseontheoneside,andfoolsontheotherinsomefew
thingspraiseworthy,intherestincomparablyfaulty.Iwillsaynothingoftheirdiseases,emulations,discontents,wants,andsuchmiseries:letpovertypleadtherest
inAristophanes'Plutus.
Covetousmen,amongstothers,aremostmad,[756]theyhaveallthesymptomsofmelancholy,fear,sadness,suspicion,&c.,asshallbeprovedinitsproperplace,
DandaestHelleborimultoparsmaximaavaris.
MisersmakeAnticyratheirown
Itshelleborereservedforthemalone.
Andyetmethinksprodigalsaremuchmadderthanthey,beofwhatconditiontheywill,thatbearapublicorprivatepurseasa[757]DutchwritercensuredRichard
therichdukeofCornwall,suingtobeemperor,forhisprofusespending,quieffuditpecuniam,antepedesprincipiumElectorumsicutaquam,thatscatteredmoney
likewaterIdocensurethem,StultaAnglia(saithhe)quae,totdenariissponteestprivata,stultiprincipesAlemaniae,quinobilejussuumpropecuniavendiderunt
spendthrifts,bribers,andbribetakersarefools,andsoare[758]alltheythatcannotkeep,disburse,orspendtheirmoneyswell.
Imightsaythelikeofangry,peevish,envious,ambitious[759]AnticyrasmeliorsorberemeracasEpicures,Atheists,Schismatics,Hereticshiomneshabent
imaginationemlaesam(saithNymannus)andtheirmadnessshallbeevident,2Tim.iii.9.[760]Fabatus,anItalian,holdsseafaringmenallmadtheshipismad,
foritneverstandsstillthemarinersaremad,toexposethemselvestosuchimminentdangers:thewatersareragingmad,inperpetualmotion:thewindsareasmad
astherest,theyknownotwhencetheycome,whithertheywouldgo:andthosemenaremaddestofallthatgotoseaforonefoolathome,theyfindfortyabroad.
Hewasamadmanthatsaidit,andthouperadventureasmadtoreadit.[761]FelixPlaterusisofopinionallalchemistsaremad,outoftheirwits[762]Atheneus
saithasmuchoffiddlers,etmusarumluscinias,[763]Musicians,omnestibicinesinsaniunt,ubisemelefflant,avolatillicomens,incomesmusicatoneear,outgoes
witatanother.Proudandvaingloriouspersonsarecertainlymadandsoare[764]lasciviousIcanfeeltheirpulsesbeathitherhornmadsomeofthem,toletothers
liewiththeirwives,andwinkatit.
Toinsist[765]inallparticulars,wereanHerculeantask,to[766]reckonup[767]insanassubstructiones,insanoslabores,insanumluxum,madlabours,madbooks,
endeavours,carriages,grossignorance,ridiculousactions,absurdgesturesinsanamgulam,insaniamvillarum,insanajurgia,asTullytermsthem,madnessof
villages,stupendstructuresasthoseEgyptianPyramids,LabyrinthsandSphinxes,whichacompanyofcrownedasses,adostentationemopum,vainlybuilt,when
neitherthearchitectnorkingthatmadethem,ortowhatuseandpurpose,areyetknown:toinsistintheirhypocrisy,inconstancy,blindness,rashness,dementem
temeritatem,fraud,cozenage,malice,anger,impudence,ingratitude,ambition,grosssuperstition,[768]temporainfectaetadulationesordida,asinTiberius'times,
suchbaseflattery,stupend,parasiticalfawningandcolloguing,&c.brawls,conflicts,desires,contentions,itwouldaskanexpertVesaliustoanatomiseevery
member.ShallIsay?Jupiterhimself,Apollo,Mars,&c.dotedandmonsterconqueringHerculesthatsubduedtheworld,andhelpedothers,couldnotrelieve
himselfinthis,butmadhewasatlast.Andwhereshallamanwalk,conversewithwhom,inwhatprovince,city,andnotmeetwithSigniorDeliro,orHercules
Furens,Maenads,andCorybantes?Theirspeechessaynoless.[769]Efungisnatihomines,orelsetheyfetchedtheirpedigreefromthosethatwerestruckbySamson
withthejawboneofanass.OrfromDeucalionandPyrrha'sstones,fordurumgenussumus,[770]marmoreisumus,wearestonyhearted,andsavourtoomuchof
thestock,asiftheyhadallheardthatenchantedhornofAstolpho,thatEnglishdukeinAriosto,whichneversoundedbutallhisauditorsweremad,andforfear
readytomakeawaywiththemselves[771]orlandedinthemadhavenintheEuxineseaofDaphnisinsana,whichhadasecretqualitytodementatetheyarea
companyofgiddyheads,afternoonmen,itisMidsummermoonstill,andthedogdayslastalltheyearlong,theyareallmad.WhomshallIthenexcept?Ulricus
Huttenus[772]nemo,nam,nemoomnibushorissapit,Nemonascitursinevitiis,CrimineNemocaret,Nemosortesuavivitcontentus,Nemoinamoresapit,Nemo
bonus,Nemosapiens,Nemo,estexomnipartibeatus,&c.[773]andthereforeNicholasNemo,orMonsieurNobodyshallgofree,Quidvaleatnemo,Nemoreferre
potest?ButwhomshallIexceptinthesecondplace?suchasaresilent,virsapitquipaucaloquitur[774]nobetterwaytoavoidfollyandmadness,thanby
taciturnity.Whominathird?allsenators,magistratesforallfortunatemenarewise,andconquerorsvaliant,andsoareallgreatmen,nonestbonumluderecum
diis,theyarewisebyauthority,goodbytheirofficeandplace,hislicetimpunepessimosesse,(somesay)wemustnotspeakofthem,neitherisitfitpermesint
omniaprotinusalba,Iwillnotthinkamissofthem.Whomnext?Stoics?SapiensStoicus,andhealoneissubjecttonoperturbations,as[775]Plutarchscoffsathim,
heisnotvexedwithtorments,orburntwithfire,foiledbyhisadversary,soldofhisenemy:thoughhebewrinkled,sandblind,toothless,anddeformedyetheis
mostbeautiful,andlikeagod,akinginconceit,thoughnotworthagroat.Heneverdotes,nevermad,neversad,drunk,becausevirtuecannotbetakenaway,as
[776]Zenoholds,byreasonofstrongapprehension,buthewasmadtosayso.[777]Anticyraecaelohuicestopusautdolabra,hehadneedtobebored,andsohad
allhisfellows,aswiseastheywouldseemtobe.Chrysippushimselfliberallygrantsthemtobefoolsaswellasothers,atcertaintimes,uponsomeoccasions,amitti
virtutemaitperebrietatem,autatribilariummorbum,itmaybelostbydrunkennessormelancholy,hemaybesometimescrazedaswellastherest:[778]ad
summumsapiensnisiquumpituitamolesta.IshouldhereexceptsomeCynics,Menippus,Diogenes,thatThebanCratesortodescendtothesetimes,that
omniscious,onlywisefraternity[779]oftheRosicrucians,thosegreattheologues,politicians,philosophers,physicians,philologers,artists,&c.ofwhomS.Bridget,
AlbasJoacchimus,Leicenbergius,andsuchdivinespiritshaveprophesied,andmadepromisetotheworld,ifatleasttherebeanysuch(Hen.[780]Neuhusiusmakes
adoubtofit,[781]ValentinusAndreasandothers)oranEliasartifextheirTheophrastianmasterwhomthoughLibaviusandmanyderideandcarpat,yetsomewill
havetobethe[782]renewerofallartsandsciences,reformeroftheworld,andnowliving,forsoJohannesMontanusStrigoniensis,thatgreatpatronof
Paracelsus,contends,andcertainlyavers[783]amostdivineman,andthequintessenceofwisdomwheresoeverheisforhe,hisfraternity,friends,&c.areall
[784]betrothedtowisdom,ifwemaybelievetheirdisciplesandfollowers.ImustneedsexceptLipsiusandthePope,andexpungetheirnameoutofthecatalogue
offools.ForbesidesthatparasiticaltestimonyofDousa,
ASoleexorienteMaeotidasusquepaludes,
Nemoestquijustoseaequipararequeat.[785]
Lipsiussaithofhimself,thathewas[786]humanigenerisquidempaedagogusvoceetstylo,agrandsignior,amaster,atutorofusall,andforthirteenyearshebrags
howhesowedwisdomintheLowCountries,asAmmoniusthephilosophersometimesdidinAlexandria,[787]cumhumanitateliterasetsapientiamcumprudentia:
antistessapientiae,heshallbeSapientumOctavus.ThePopeismorethanaman,as[788]hisparrotsoftenmakehim,ademigod,andbesideshisholinesscannoterr,
inCathedrabelike:andyetsomeofthemhavebeenmagicians,Heretics,Atheists,children,andasPlatinasaithofJohn22,Etsivirliteratus,multastoliditatemet
laevitatempraeseferentiaegit,stolidietsocordisviringenii,ascholarsufficient,yetmanythingshedidfoolishly,lightly.Icansaynomorethaninparticular,but
31/48
22/03/2015
ingeneraltermstotherest,theyareallmad,theirwitsareevaporated,and,asAriostofeigns,l.34,keptinjarsabovethemoon.
Somelosetheirwitswithlove,somewithambition,
Somefollowing[789]Lordsandmenofhighcondition.
Someinfairjewelsrichandcostlyset,
OthersinPoetrytheirwitsforget.
AnotherthinkstobeanAlchemist,
Tillallbespent,andthathisnumber'smist.
Convictedfoolstheyare,madmenuponrecordandIamafraidpastcuremanyofthem,[790]crepuntinguina,thesymptomsaremanifest,theyareallofGotam
parish:
[791]Quumfurorhauddubius,quumsitmanifestaphrenesis,
Sincemadnessisindisputable,sincefrenzyisobvious.
whatremainsthen[792]buttosendforLorarios,thoseofficerstocarrythemalltogetherforcompanytoBedlam,andsetRabelaistobetheirphysician.
Ifanymanshallaskinthemeantime,whoIamthatsoboldlycensureothers,tunullanehabesvitia?haveInofaults?[793]Yes,morethanthouhast,whatsoever
thouart.Nosnumerussumus,Iconfessitagain,Iamasfoolish,asmadasanyone.
[794]Insanusvobisvideor,nondeprecoripse,
Quominusinsanus,
Idonotdenyit,demensdepopulodematur.Mycomfortis,Ihavemorefellows,andthoseofexcellentnote.AndthoughIbenotsorightorsodiscreetasIshould
be,yetnotsomad,sobadneither,asthouperhapstakestmetobe.
Toconclude,thisbeinggranted,thatalltheworldismelancholy,ormad,dotes,andeverymemberofit,Ihaveendedmytask,andsufficientlyillustratedthatwhich
Itookuponmetodemonstrateatfirst.AtthispresentIhavenomoretosayHissanammentemDemocritus,Icanbutwishmyselfandthemagoodphysician,and
allofusabettermind.
Andalthoughfortheabovenamedreasons,Ihadajustcausetoundertakethissubject,topointattheseparticularspeciesofdotage,thatsomenmightacknowledge
theirimperfections,andseektoreformwhatisamissyetIhaveamoreseriousintentatthistimeandtoomitallimpertinentdigressions,tosaynomoreofsuchas
areimproperlymelancholy,ormetaphoricallymad,lightlymad,orindisposition,asstupid,angry,drunken,silly,sottish,sullen,proud,vainglorious,ridiculous,
beastly,peevish,obstinate,impudent,extravagant,dry,doting,dull,desperate,harebrain,&c.mad,frantic,foolish,heteroclites,whichnonew[795]hospitalcan
hold,nophysichelpmypurposeandendeavouris,inthefollowingdiscoursetoanatomisethishumourofmelancholy,throughallitspartsandspecies,asitisan
habit,oranordinarydisease,andthatphilosophically,medicinally,toshowthecauses,symptoms,andseveralcuresofit,thatitmaybethebetteravoided.Moved
thereuntoforthegeneralityofit,andtodogood,itbeingadiseasesofrequent,as[796]Mercurialisobserves,intheseourdayssooftenhappening,saith[797]
Laurentius,inourmiserabletimes,asfewtherearethatfeelnotthesmartofit.OfthesamemindisAelianMontaltus,[798]Melancthon,andothers[799]Julius
CaesarClaudinuscallsitthefountainofallotherdiseases,andsocommoninthiscrazedageofours,thatscarceoneofathousandisfreefromitandthat
splenetichypochondriacalwindespecially,whichproceedsfromthespleenandshortribs.Beingthenadiseasesogrievous,socommon,Iknownotwhereintodoa
moregeneralservice,andspendmytimebetter,thantoprescribemeanshowtopreventandcuresouniversalamalady,anepidemicaldisease,thatsooften,so
muchcrucifiesthebodyandmind.
IfIhaveovershotmyselfinthiswhichhathbeenhithertosaid,orthatitis,whichIamsuresomewillobject,toofantastical,toolightandcomicalforaDivine,too
satiricalforoneofmyprofession,Iwillpresumetoanswerwith[800]Erasmus,inlikecase,'tisnotI,butDemocritus,Democritusdixit:youmustconsiderwhatit
istospeakinone'sownoranother'sperson,anassumedhabitandnameadifferencebetwixthimthataffectsoractsaprince's,aphilosopher's,amagistrate's,a
fool'spart,andhimthatissoindeedandwhatlibertythoseoldsatiristshavehaditisacentocollectedfromothersnotI,buttheythatsayit.
[801]Dixerosiquidfortejocosius,hocmihijuris
Cumvenia,dabis
YetsomeindulgenceImayjustlyclaim,
Iftoofamiliarwithanother'sfame.
Takeheedyoumistakemenot.IfIdoalittleforgetmyself,Ihopeyouwillpardonit.Andtosaytruth,whyshouldanymanbeoffended,ortakeexceptionsatit?
Licuit,semperquelicebit,
Parcerepersonis,diceredevitiis.
Itlawfulwasofold,andstillwillbe,
Tospeakofvice,butletthenamegofree.
Ihatetheirvices,nottheirpersons.Ifanybedispleased,ortakeaughtuntohimself,lethimnotexpostulateorcavilwithhimthatsaidit(sodid[802]Erasmus
excusehimselftoDorpius,siparvalicetcomponeremagnis)andsodoIbutlethimbeangrywithhimself,thatsobetrayedandopenedhisownfaultsinapplying
ittohimself:[803]ifhebeguiltyanddeserveit,lethimamend,whoeverheis,andnotbeangry.Hethathatethcorrectionisafool,Prov.xii.1.Ifhebenot
guilty,itconcernshimnotitisnotmyfreenessofspeech,butaguiltyconscience,agalledbackofhisownthatmakeshimwince.
Suspicionesiquiserrabitsua,
Etrapietadse,quoderitcommuneomnium,
Stultenudabitanimiconscientiam.[804]
IdenynotthiswhichIhavesaidsavoursalittleofDemocritus[805]Quamvisridentemdicereverumquidvelatonemayspeakinjest,andyetspeaktruth.Itis
somewhattart,Igrantitacrioraoreximexcitantembammata,ashesaid,sharpsaucesincreaseappetite,[806]neccibusipsejuvatmorsufraudatusaceti.Objectthen
andcavilwhatthouwilt,Iwardallwith[807]Democritus'sbuckler,hismedicineshallsalveitstrikewherethouwilt,andwhen:Democritusdixit,Democrituswill
answerit.Itwaswrittenbyanidlefellow,atidletimes,aboutourSaturnalianorDionysianfeasts,whenashesaid,nullumlibertatipericulumest,servantsinold
Romehadlibertytosayanddowhatthemlist.Whenourcountrymensacrificedtotheirgoddess[808]Vacuna,andsattipplingbytheirVacunalfires.Iwritthis,and
publishedthis,itisneminisnihil.Thetime,place,persons,andallcircumstancesapologiseforme,andwhymaynotIthenbeidlewithothers?speak
mymindfreely?Ifyoudenymethisliberty,uponthesepresumptionsIwilltakeit:Isayagain,Iwilltakeit.
[809]Siquisestquidictuminseinclementius
Existimavitesse,sicexistimet.
Ifanymantakeexceptions,lethimturnthebuckleofhisgirdle,Icarenot.Iowetheenothing(Reader),Ilookfornofavouratthyhands,Iamindependent,Ifear
not.
No,Irecant,Iwillnot,Icare,Ifear,Iconfessmyfault,acknowledgeagreatoffence,
motospraestatcomponerefluctus.
let'sfirstassuagethetroubledwaves
Ihaveovershotmyself,Ihavespokenfoolishly,rashly,unadvisedly,absurdly,Ihaveanatomisedmineownfolly.AndnowmethinksuponasuddenIamawakedas
itwereoutofadreamIhavehadaravingfit,afantasticalfit,rangedupanddown,inandout,Ihaveinsultedoverthemostkindofmen,abusedsome,offended
others,wrongedmyselfandnowbeingrecovered,andperceivingmineerror,crywith[810]Orlando,Solviteme,pardon(oboni)thatwhichispast,andIwillmake
youamendsinthatwhichistocomeIpromiseyouamoresoberdiscourseinmyfollowingtreatise.
Ifthroughweakness,folly,passion,[811]discontent,ignorance,Ihavesaidamiss,letitbeforgottenandforgiven.Iacknowledgethatof[812]Tacitustobetrue,
Asperaefacetiae,ubinimisexverotraxere,acremsuimemoriamrelinquunt,abitterjestleavesastingbehindit:andasanhonourablemanobserves,[813]They
fearasatirist'swit,hetheirmemories.ImayjustlysuspecttheworstandthoughIhopeIhavewrongednoman,yetinMedea'swordsIwillcravepardon,
Illudjamvoceextremapeto,
32/48
22/03/2015
Nesiquanosterdubiuseffuditdolor,
Maneantinanimoverba,sedmeliortibi
Memorianostrisubeat,haeciraedata
Obliterentur
AndinmylastwordsthisIdodesire,
ThatwhatinpassionIhavesaid,orire,
Maybeforgotten,andabettermind,
Behadofus,hereafterasyoufind.
Iearnestlyrequesteveryprivateman,asScaligerdidCardan,nottotakeoffence.Iwillconcludeinhislines,Simecognitumhaberes,nonsolumdonaresnobishas
facetiasnostras,sedetiamindignumduceres,tamhumanumaninum,leneingenium,velminimamsuspicionemdeprecarioportere.Ifthouknewestmy[814]modesty
andsimplicity,thouwouldsteasilypardonandforgivewhatishereamiss,orbytheemisconceived.Ifhereafteranatomizingthissurlyhumour,myhandslip,asan
unskilful'prenticeIlancetoodeep,andcutthroughskinandallatunawares,makeitsmart,orcutawry,[815]pardonarudehand,anunskilfulknife,'tisamost
difficultthingtokeepaneventone,aperpetualtenor,andnotsometimestolashoutdifficileestSatyramnonscribere,therebesomanyobjectstodivert,inward
perturbationstomolest,andtheverybestmaysometimeserraliquandobonusdormitatHomerus(sometimesthatexcellentHomertakesanap),itisimpossiblenot
insomuchtoovershootopereinlongofasestobrepere,summum.Butwhatneedsallthis?Ihopetherewillnosuchcauseofoffencebegiveniftherebe,
[816]Nemoaliquidrecognoscat,nosmentimuromnia.I'lldenyall(mylastrefuge),recantall,renounceallIhavesaid,ifanymanexcept,andwithasmuchfacility
excuse,ashecanaccusebutIpresumeofthygoodfavour,andgraciousacceptance(gentlereader).Outofanassuredhopeandconfidencethereof,Iwillbegin.
LECTORIMALEFERIATO.
Tuverocavesisedicoquisquises,netemeresugillesAuctoremhujusceoperis,autcavillatorirrideas.Imonevelexaliorumcensurataciteobloquaris(visdicam
verbo)nequidnasutulusinepteimprobes,autfalsofingas.Namsitalisreverasit,qualempraesefertJuniorDemocritus,senioriDemocritosaltemaffinis,autejus
Geniumveltantillumsapiatactumdete,censoremaequeacdelatorem[817]agetecontra(petulantisplenecumsit)sufflabitteinjocos,comminuetinsales,addo
etiam,etdeorisuitesacrificabit.
Iterummoneo,nequidcavillere,nedumDemocritumJunioremconviciisinfames,autignominiosevituperes,detenonmalesentientem,tuidemaudiasabamico
cordato,quodolimvulgusAbderitanumab[818]Hippocrate,concivembenemeritumetpopularemsuumDemocritum,proinsanohabens.NetuDemocritesapis,
stultiautemetinsaniAbderitae.
[819]Abderitanaepectoraplebishabes.
Haectepaucisadmonitumvolo(maleferiateLector)abi.
TOTHEREADERATLEISURE.
Whoeveryoumaybe,Icautionyouagainstrashlydefamingtheauthorofthiswork,orcavillinginjestagainsthim.Nay,donotsilentlyreproachhimin
consequenceofothers'censure,noremployyourwitinfoolishdisapproval,orfalseaccusation.For,shouldDemocritusJuniorprovetobewhatheprofesses,evena
kinsmanofhiseldernamesake,orbeeversolittleofthesamekidney,itisalloverwithyou:hewillbecomebothaccuserandjudgeofyouinyourspleen,will
dissipateyouinjests,pulveriseyouintosalt,andsacrificeyou,Icanpromiseyou,totheGodofMirth.
Ifurtheradviseyou,nottoasperse,orcalumniate,orslander,DemocritusJunior,whopossiblydoesnotthinkillofyou,lestyoumayhearfromsomediscreetfriend,
thesameremarkthepeopleofAbderadidfromHippocrates,oftheirmeritoriousandpopularfellowcitizen,whomtheyhadlookedonasamadmanItisnotthat
you,Democritus,thatartwise,butthatthepeopleofAbderaarefoolsandmadmen.YouhaveyourselfanAbderitiansoulandhavingjustgivenyou,gentle
reader,thesefewwordsofadmonition,farewell.
Heraclitefleas,miserosicconvenitaevo,
Nilnisiturpevides,nilnisitristevides.
Rideetiam,quantumquelubet,Democriteride
Nonnisivanavides,nonnisistultavides.
Isfletu,hisrisumodogaudeat,unusutrique
Sitlicetusquelabor,sitlicetusquedolor.
Nuncopesest(namtotuseheujamdesipitorbis)
MilleHeraclitis,millequeDemocritis.
Nuncopusest(tantaestinsania)transeatomnis
MundusinAnticyras,grameninHelleborum.
Weep,OHeraclitus,itsuitstheage,
Unlessyouseenothingbase,nothingsad.
Laugh,ODemocritus,asmuchasyouplease,
Unlessyouseenothingeithervainorfoolish.
Letonerejoiceinsmiles,theotherintears
Letthesamelabourorpainbetheofficeofboth.
Now(foralas!howfoolishtheworldhasbecome),
AthousandHeraclitus',athousandDemocritus'arerequired.
Now(somuchdoesmadnessprevail),alltheworldmustbe
SenttoAnticyra,tograzeonHellebore.
Notes
1.HiselderbrotherwasWilliamBurton,theLeicestershireantiquary,born24thAugust,1575,educatedatSuttonColdfield,admittedcommoner,orgentleman
commoner,ofBrazenNoseCollege,1591attheInnerTemple,20thMay,1593B.A.22dJune,1594andafterwardsabarristerandreporterintheCourtof
CommonPleas.Buthisnaturalgenius,saysWood,leadinghimtothestudiesofheraldry,genealogies,andantiquities,hebecameexcellentinthoseobscureand
intricatemattersandlookuponhimasagentleman,wasaccounted,byallthatknewhim,tobethebestofhistimeforthosestudies,asmayappearbyhis
'DescriptionofLeicestershire.'Hisweakconstitutionnotpermittinghimtofollowbusiness,heretiredintothecountry,andhisgreatestwork,TheDescriptionof
Leicestershire,waspublishedinfolio,1623.HediedatFalde,aftersufferingmuchinthecivilwar,6thApril,1645,andwasburiedintheparishchurchbelonging
thereto,calledHanbury.
2.ThisisWood'saccount.Hiswillsays,Nuneatonbutapassageinthiswork[seefol.304,]mentionsSuttonColdfieldprobablyhemayhavebeenatbothschools.
3.SointheRegister.
4.SointheRegister.
5.Originating,perhaps,inanote,p.448,6thedit.(p.455ofthepresent),inwhichabookisquotedashavingbeenprintedatParis1624,sevenyearsafterBurton's
firstedition.As,however,theeditionsafterthatof1621,areregularlymarkedinsuccessiontotheeighth,printedin1676,thereseemsverylittlereasontodoubt
that,inthenoteabovealludedto,either1624hasbeenamisprintfor1628,orsevenyearsforthreeyears.Thenumeroustypographicalerratainotherpartsofthe
workstronglyaidthislattersupposition.
6.Haeccomicedictacavenemalecapias.
7.SenecainludoinmortemClaudiiCaesaris.
8.Lib.deCuriositate.
9.Modohaectibiusuisint,quemvisauctoremfingito.Wecker.
10.Lib.10,c.12.MultaamaleferiatisinDemocritinominecommentadata,nobilitatis,auctoritatisqueejusperfugioutentibus.
33/48
22/03/2015
11.Martialis.lib.10,epigr.14.
12.Juv.sat.1.
13.Auth.Pet.Besseoedit.Coloniae,1616.
14.Hip.Epist.Dameget.
15.Laert.lib9.
16.Hortulosibicellulamseligens,ibiqueseipsumincludens,vixitsolitarius.
17.FloruitOlympiade80700annispostTroiam.
18.Diacos.quodcunctisoperibusfacileexcellit.Laert.
19.Col.lib.1.c.1.
20.Const.lib.deagric.passim.
21.VolucrumvocesetlinguasintelligeresedicitAbderitansEp.Hip.
22.Sabellicusexempl.,lib.10.Oculisseprivavit,utmeliuscontemplationioperamdaret,sublimiviringenio,profundaecogitationis,&c.
23.Naturalia,moralia,mathematica,liberalesdisciplinas,artiumqueomniumperitiamcallebat.
24.Nothinginnature'spowertocontriveofwhichhehasnotwritten.
25.VeniAthenas,etnemomenovit.
26.Idemcontemptuietadmirationihabitus.
27.Solebatadportamambulare,etinde,&c.Hip.Ep.Dameg.
28.PerpetuorisupulmonemagitaresolebatDemocritus.Juv.Sat.7.
29.Nonsumdignuspraestarematella.Mart.
30.ChristChurchinOxford.
31.Praefat.Hist.
32.Keeperofourcollegelibrary,latelyrevivedbyOthoNicolson,Esquire.
33.Scaliger.
34.Somebodyineverything,nobodyineachthing.
35.InTheat.
36.Phil.Stoic.li.diff.8.Dogmacupidisetcuriosisingeniisimprimendum,utsittalisquinullireiserviat,autexacteunumaliquidelaboret,alianegligens,ut
artifices,&c.
37.Delibaregratumdequocunquecibo,etpittisaredequocunquedoliojucundum.
38.Essays,lib.3.
39.Hethatiseverywhereisnowhere.
40.Praefat.bibliothec.
41.Ambofortesetfortunati,MarsidemmagisteriidominusjuxtaprimamLeovitiiregulam.
42.Hensius.
43.Calideambientes,solicitelitigantes,autmisereexcidentes,voces,strepitumcontentiones,&c.
44.Cyp.adDonat.Unicesecurus,neexcidaminforo,autinmariIndicoboniseluam,dedotefiliae,patrimoniofiliinonsumsolicitus.
45.Notsosagaciousanobserverassimpleanarrator.
46.Hor.Ep.lib.1.xix.,20.
47.Per.Alaughterwithapetulantspleen.
48.Hor.lib.1,sat.9.
49.Secundummoenialocuseratfrondosispopulisopacus,vitibusquespontenatis,tenuispropeaquadefluebat,placidemurmurans,ubisedileetdomusDemocriti
conspiciebatur.
50.Ipsecompositeconsidebat,supergenuavolumenhabens,etutrinquealiapatentiaparata,dissectaqueanimaliacumulatimstrata,quorumviscerarimabatur.
51.Cummundusextrasesit,etmentecaptussit,etnesciatselanguere,utmedelamadhibeat.
52.Scaliger,Ep.adPatisonem.Nihilmagislectoreminvitatquaminopinatumargilinentum,nequevendibiliormerxestquampetulansliber.
53.Lib.xx.c.11.Mirassequunturinscriptionumfestivitates.
54.Praefat.Nat.Hist.Patriobstetricemparturientifiliaeaccersentimoraminjicerepossunt.
55.AnatomyofPopery,Anatomyofimmortality,Angelussalas,AnatomyofAntimony,&c.
56.Cont.l.4,c.9.Nonestcurameliorquamlabor.
57.Hor.DeArtePoet.
58.Nonquoddenovoquidaddere,autaveteribuspraetermissum,sedpropriaeexercitationiscausa.
59.Quinovit,nequeidquodsentitexprimit,perindeestacsinesciret.
60.JoviusPraef.Hist.
61.Erasmus.
62.Otiumotiodoloremdoloresumsolatus.
63.Observat.l.1.
64.M.Joh.Rous,ourProtobib.Oxon.M.Hopper,M.Guthridge,&c.
65.Quaeilliaudireetlegeresolent,eorumpartimvidiegomet,aliagessi,quaeilliliteris,egomilitandodidici,nuncvosexistimatefactaandictaplurissint.
66.DidoVirg.TaughtbythatPowerthatpitiesme,Ilearntopitythem.
67.Camden,Ipsaelephantiasicorreptaelephantiasishospiciumconstruxit.
68.IliadapostHomerum.
69.Nihilpraetermissumquodaquovisdicipossit.
70.Martialis.
71.Magisimpiummortuorumlucubrationes,quamvestesfurari.
72.Eccl.ult.
73.LibrosEunuchigignunt,sterilespariunt.
74.D.Kingpraefat.lect.Jonas,thelaterightreverendLordB.ofLondon.
75.Hominesfamelicigloriaeadostentationemeruditionisundiquecongerunt.Buchananus.
76.Effacinatietiamlaudisamore,&c.JustusBaronius.
77.Exruinisalienaeexistimationissibigradumadfamamstruunt.
78.Exercit.288.
79.Omnessibifamamquaeruntetquovismodoinorbemspargicontendunt,utnovaealicujusreihabeanturauctores.Praef.biblioth.
80.Praefat.hist.
81.Plautus.
82.EDemocritiputeo.
83.Nontamrefertaebibliothecaequamcloacae.
84.Etquicquidcartisamiciturineptis.
85.Epist.adPetas.inregnoFranciaeomnibusscribendidaturlibertas,paucisfacultas.
86.Olimliteraeobhominesinprecio,nuncsordentobhomines.
87.Ans.pac.
88.Intertotmillevoluminavixunusacujuslectionequismeliorevadat,immopotiusnonpejor.
89.Palingenius.Whatdoesanyone,whoreadssuchworks,learnorknowbutdreamsandtriflingthings.
90.Lib.5.deSap.
91.Sterileoportetesseingeniumquodinhocscripturientumpruritus,&c.
92.Cardan,praef.adConsol.
93.Hor.lib.1,sat.4.
94.Epist.lib.1.Magnumpoetarumproventumannushicattulit,menseAprilinullusferediesquononaliquisrecitavit.
95.Idem.
34/48
22/03/2015
96.Principibusetdoctoribusdeliberandumrelinquo,utarguanturauctorumfurtaetmiliesrepetitatollantur,ettemerescribendilibidocoerceatur,aliterininfinitum
progressura.
97.Onerabunturingenia,nemolegendissufficit.
98.Librisobraimur,oculilegendo,manusvolitandodolent.Fam.StradaMomo.Lucretius.
99.Quicquidubiquebenedictumfaciomeum,etilludnuncmeisadcompendium,nuncadfidemetauctoritatemalienisexprimoverbis,omnesauctoresmeos
clientesessearbitror,&c.SarisburiensisadPolycrat.prol.
100.InEpitaph.Nep.illudCyp.hocLact.illudHilar.est,itaVictorinus,inhuncmodumloquutusestArnobius,&c.
101.Praef.adSyntax.med.
102.Untilalaterageandahappierlotproducesomethingmoretrulygrand.
103.InLuc.10.tom.2.PigmeiGigantumhumerisimpositiplusquamipsiGigantesvident.
104.Necaranearumtextusideomeliorquiaexsefilagignuntur,necnosterideovilior,quiaexalienislibamusutapes.Lipsiusadversusdialogist.
105.Unoabsurdodatomillesequuntur.
106.Nondubitomultoslectoreshicforestultos.
107.Martial,13,2.
108.Utvenatoresferamevestigioimpresso,virumscriptiuncula.Lips.
109.Hor.
110.Hor.
111.Antwerp.fol.1607.
112.Muretus.
113.Lipsius.
114.Hor.
115.Fierinonpotest,utquodquisquecogitat,dicatunus.Muretus.
116.Lib.1.deord.,cap.11.
117.Erasmus.
118.Annal.Tom.3.adannum360.Estporcusillequisacerdotemexamplitudineredituumsordidedemeritur.
119.Erasm.dial.
120.Epist.lib.6.Cujusqueingeniumnonstatimemergit,nisimateriaefautor,occasio,commendatorquecontingat.
121.Praef.hist.
122.Laudarialaudatolausest.
123.Vit.Persii.
124.Minuitpraesentiafamam.
125.LipsiusJudic.deSeneca.
126.Lib.10.Plurirmumstudii,multamrerumcognitionem,omnemstudiorummateriam,&c.multaineoprobanda,multaadmiranda.
127.Suet.Arenasinecalce.
128.Introduct.adSen.
129.Judic.deSen.Vixaliquistamabsolutus,utalteriperomniasatisfaciat,nisilongatemporispraescripto,semotajudicandilibertate,religionequidamanimos
occuparis.
130.Hor.Ep.1,lib.19.
131.Aequeturpefrigidelaudariacinsectantervituperari.PhavorinusA.Gel.lib.19,cap.2.
132.Ovid,trist.11.eleg6.
133.Juven.sat.5.
134.Autartisinsciiautquaestuimagisquamliterisstudent.hab.Cantab.etLond.Excus.1976.
135.Ovid.depont.Eleg.l.6.
136.Hor.
137.Tom.3.Philopseud.acceptopessulo,quumcarmenquoddamdixisset,effecitutambularet,aquamhauriret,urnampararet,&c.
138.Eusebius,eccles.hist.lib.6.
139.Stanspedeinuno,ashemadeverses.
140.Virg.
141.Noneademasummoexpectes,minimoquepoeta.
142.Stylushicnullus,praeterparrhesiam.
143.Quirebusseexercet,verbanegligit,etquicalletartemdicendi,nullamdisciplinamhabetrecognitam.
144.Palingenius.Wordsmayberesplendentwithornament,buttheycontainnomarrowwithin.
145.Cujuscunqueorationemvidespolitametsollicitam,scitoanimuminpusilisoccupatum,inscriptisnilsolidum.Epist.lib.1.21.
146.Philostratus,lib.8.vit.Apol.Negligebatoratoriamfacultatem,etpenitusaspernabaturejusprofessores,quodlinguamduntaxat,nonautemmentemredderent
eruditiorem.
147.Hicenim,quodSenecadePonto,bosherbam,ciconialarisam,canisleporem,virgofloremlegat.
148.Pet.Nanniusnot.inHor.
149.Nonhiccolonusdomiciliumhabeo,sedtopiariiinmorem,hincindefloremvellico,utcanisNilumlambens.
150.SuprabismillenotabileserroresLaurentiidemonstravi,&c.
151.PhilodeCon.
152.Virg.
153.Frambesarius,Sennertus,Ferandus,&c.
154.Ter.Adelph.
155.Heaut.Act1.scen.1.
156.Gellius.lib.18,cap.3.
157.Etindecatenaquaedamfit,quaehaeredesetiamligat.Cardan.Hensius.
158.Mallesebellumcummagnoprincipegerere,quamcumunoexfratrummendicantiumordine.
159.Hor.epod.lib.od.7.
160.Epist.86,adCasulampresb.
161.Lib.12,cap.1.Mutosnasci,etomniscientiaegeresatiusfuisset,quamsicinpropriampernicieminsanire.
162.Butitwouldbebetternottowrite,forsilenceisthesafercourse.
163.Infelixmortalitasinutilibusquaestionibusacdisceptationibusvitamtraducimus,naturaeprincipesthesauros,inquibusgravissimaemorborummedicinae
collocataesunt,interimintactosrelinquimus.Necipsisolumrelinquimus,sedetallosprohibemus,impedimus,condemnamus,ludibriisqueafficimus.
164.Quodinpraximinimefortunatusesset,medicinamreliquit,etordinibusinitiatusinTheologiapostmodumscripsit.GesnerBibliotheca.
165.P.Jovius.
166.M.W.Burton,prefacetohisdescriptionofLeicestershire,printedatLondonbyW.Jaggard,forJ.White,1622.
167.InHygiasticon,nequeenimhaectractatioalienavideridebetatheologo,&c.agiturdemorboanimae.
168.D.Claytonincomitiis,anno1621.
169.Hor.
170.Lib.depestil.
171.InNewarkinNottinghamshire.Cumduoedificassetcastella,adtollendamstructionisinvidiam,etexpiandammaculam,duoinstituitcaenobia,etcollegis
relgiosisimplevit.
172.FerdinandodeQuir.anno1612.Amsterdamiimpress.
173.Praefat.adCharacteres:Speroenim(OPolicles)librosnostrosmelioresindefuturos,quodistiusmodimemoriaemandatareliquerimus,expreceptisetexemplis
nostrisadvitamaccommodatis,utseindecorrigant.
174.Part1.sect.3.
175.praef.lectori.
35/48
22/03/2015
176.Ep.2.1.2.adDonatum.Paulispertecredesubduciinarduimontisverticemcelsiorem,speculareindererumjacentiumfacies,etoculisindiversaporrectis,
fluctuantismunditurbinesintuere,jamsimulautridebisautmisereberis,&c.
177.Controv.l.2.cont.7.etl.6.cont.
178.Horatius.
179.Idem,Hor.l.2.Satyra3.DamasipusStoicusprobatomnesstultosinsanire.
180.Tom.2.sympos.lib.5.c.6.Animiaffectiones,sidiutiusinhaereant,pravosgeneranthabitus.
181.Lib.28,cap.1.Synt.art.mir.Morbusnihilestaliudquamdissolutioquaedamacperturbatiofoederisincorporeexistentis,sicutetsanitasestconsentientisbene
corporisconsummatioquaedam.
182.Lib.9.Geogr.Pluresolimgentesnavigabantillucsanitatiscausa.
183.Eccles.i.24.
184.Jurehaereditariosaperejubentur.EuphormioSatyr.
185.Apudquosvirtus,insaniaetfuroressedicitur.
186.CalcagninusApol.omnesmirabantur,putantesillisamiristultitiam.Sedpraeterexpectationemresevenit,Audaxstultitiaineamirruit,&c.illaceditirrisa,et
plureshinchabetsectatoresstultitia.
187.Nonestrespondendumstultosecundumstultitiam.
188.2Reg.7.
189.Lib.10.ep.97.
190.Aug.ep.178.
191.Quisnisimentisinops,&c.
192.Quidinsaniusquampromomentaneafelicitateaeternistemanciparesuppliciis?
193.InfinePhaedonis.HicfinisfuitamicinostrioEucrates,nostroquidemjudicioomniumquosexpertisumusoptimietapprimesapientissimi,etjustissimi.
194.Xenop.l.4.dedictisSocratisadfinem,talisfuitSocratesquemomniumoptimumetfelicissimumstatuam.
195.Lib.25.PlatonisConvivio.
196.Lucretius.
197.Anaxagorasolimmensdictusabantiquis.
198.Regulanaturae,naturaemiraculum,ipsaeruditiodaemoniumhominis,solscientiarum,mare,sophia,antistesliterarumetsapientiae,utScioppiusolimdeScal,
etHeinsius.AquilaInnubibusImperatorliteratorum,columenliterarum,abyssuseruditionis,ocellusEuropae,Scaliger.
199.Lib.3.desapc.17.et20.omnesPhilosophi,autstulti,autinsaninullaanusnullusaegerineptiusdeliravit.
200.DemocritusaLeucippodoctus,haeridatemstultitiaereliquitEpic.
201.Hor.car.lib.1.od.34.1.epicur.
202.Nihilinterestinterhosetbestiasnisiquodloquantur.desa.l.26.c.8.
203.Cap.devirt.
204.Neb.etRanis.
205.Omniumdisciplinarumignarus.
206.Omniumdisciplinarumignarus.
207.Pulchrorumadolescentumcausafrequenturgymnasium,obibat,&c.
208.Seneca.Seisrotundametiri,sednontuumanimum.
209.Abuberibussapientialactaticaecutirenonpossunt.
210.CorXenodotietjecurCratetis.
211.Lib.denat.boni.
212.HicprofundissimaeSophiaefodinae.
213.Panegyr.Trajanoomnesactionesexprobrarestultitiamvidentur.
214.Ser.4.indomiPal.Mundusquiobantiquitatemdeberetessesapiens,semperstultizat,etnullisflagellisalteratur,sedutpuervultrosisetfloribuscoronari.
215.Insanumteomnespueri,clamantquepuellae.Hor.
216.PlautusAubular.
217.Adelph.act.5.scen.8.
218.TullyTusc.5.fortune,notwisdom,governsourlives.
219.PlatoApologiaSocratis.
220.Ant.Dial.
221.Lib.3.desap.pauciutvideosanaementissunt.
222.Stulteetincauteomniaagivideo.
223.Insanianonomnibuseadem,Erasm.chil.3.cent.10.nemomortaliumquinonaliquainredesipit,licetaliusaliomorbolaboret,hiclibidinis,illeavaritiae,
ambitionis,invidiae.
224.Hor.l.2.sat.3.
225.Lib.1.deaulico.Estinunoquoquenostrumseminariumaliquodstultitiae,quodsiquandoexcitetur,ininfinitumfacileexcrescit.
226.Primaqueluxvitaeprimajuroriserat.
227.Tibullus,stultipraetereuntdies,theirwitsareawoolgathering.Sofoolscommonlydote.
228.Dial.contemplantes,Tom:2.
229.Catullus.
230.Subramosaplatanosedentem,solum,discalceatum,superlapidem,valdepallidumacmacilentum,promissabarba,librumsupergenibushabentem.
231.Defurore,maniamelancholiascribo,utsciamquopactoinhominibusgignatur,fiat,crescat,cumuletur,minuaturhaecinquitanimaliaquaevidespropterea
seco,nonDeioperaperosus,sedfellisbilisquenaturamdisquirens.
232.Aust.l.1.inGen.Jumenti&servituiobsequiumrigidepostulas,ettunullumpraestasaliis,necipsiDeo.
233.Uxoresducunt,moxforasejiciunt.
234.Puerosamant,moxfastidiunt.
235.Quidhocabinsaniadeest?
236.Regeseligunt,deponunt.
237.Contraparentes,fratres,cives,perpetuorixantur,etinimicitiasagunt.
238.Idolainanimataamant,animataodiohabent,sicpontificii.
239.Credoequidemvivosducentemarmorevultus.
240.Suamstultitiamperspicitnemo,sedalteralterumderidet.
241.Deniquesitfinisquerendi,cumquehabeasplus,pauperiemmetuasminis,etfinirelaboremincipias,partisquodavebas,utereHor.
242.Astutamvapidoservatsubpectorevulpem.Etcumvulpopositusparitervulpinarier.CretizandumcumCrete.
243.QuifitMecaenasutnemoquamsibisortem.Seuratiodederit,seusorsobjecerit,illacontentusvivat,&c.Hor.
244.Diruit,aedificat,mutatquadratarotundis.TrajanuspontemstruxitsuperDanubium,quemsuccessorejusAdrianusstatimdemolitus.
245.Quaquidinreabinfantibusdifferunt,quibusmensetsensussinerationeinest,quicquidsesehisoffertvolupeest.
246.IdemPlut.
247.Utinsaniaecausamdisquirambrutamactoetseco,cumhocpotiusinhominibusinvestigandumesset.
248.Totusanativitatemorbusest.
249.Invigorefuribundus,quumdecrescitinsanabilis.
250.Cyprian.adDonatum.Quisedetcriminajudicaturus,&c.
251.Tupessimusomniumlatroes,asathieftoldAlexanderinCurtius.Damnatforasjudex,quodintusoperatur,Cyprian.
252.Vultusmagnacura,magnaanimiincuria.Am.Marcel.
253.Horrendaresest,vixduoverbasinemendacioproferuntur:etquamvissolenniterhominesadveritatemdicenduminvitentur,pejeraretamennondubitant,utex
decemtestibusvixunusverumdicat.Calv.in8John,Serm1.
254.Sapientiaminsaniamessedicunt.
255.Siquidemsapientiaesuaeadmirationemecomplevit,offendisapientissimumvirum,quisalvospotestomneshominesreddere.
36/48
22/03/2015
256.E.Graec.epig.
257.PluresDemocritinuncnonsufficiunt,opusDemocritoquiDemocritumrideat.ErasMoria.
258.Polycrat.lib.3.cap.8.ePetron.
259.Ubiomnesdelirabant,omnesinsani,&c.hodienauta,crasphilosophushodiefaber,craspharmacopolahicmodoregemagebatmultosattellitio,tiara,et
sceptroornatus,nuncviliamictuscenticulo,asinumelitellariumimpellit.
260.CalcagninusApol.Crysalusecaeterisaurodives,manicatopepioettiaraconspicuus,levisalioquinetnulliusconsilii,&c.magnofastuingredientiassurgunt
dii,&c.
261.SedhominislevitatemJupiterperspiciens,attu(iniquit)estobombilio,&c.protinusquevestisillamanicatainalasversaest,etmortalesindeChrysalides
vocanthujusmodihomines.
262.Youwillmeetcovetousfoolsandprodigalsycophantseverywhere.
263.Juven.
264.Juven.
265.DebelloJud.l.8.c.11.Iniquitatesvestraeneminemlatent,inquediessinguloscertamenhabetisquispejorsit.
266.Hor.
267.Lib.5.Epist.8.
268.Hor.
269.Superstitioestinsanuserror.
270.Lib.8.hist.Belg.
271.Lucan.
272.FatherAngelo,theDukeofJoyeux,goingbarefootovertheAlpstoRome,&c.
273.Sicuiintuerivacetquaepatiuntursuperstitiosi,inveniestamindecorahonestis,tamindignaliberis,tamdissimiliasanis,utnemofueritdubitaturusfurereeos,si
cumpaucioribusfuerent.Senec.
274.Quiddicamdeeorumindulgentiis,oblationibus,votis,solutionibus,jejuniis,coenobiis,somniis,horis,organis,cantilenis,campanis,simulachris,missis,
purgatoriis,mitris,breviariis,bullis,lustralibus,aquis,rasuris,unctionibus,candelis,calicibus,crucibus,mappis,cereis,thuribulis,incantationibus,exorcismis,
sputis,legendis,&c.BaleusdeactisRom.Pont.
275.Pleasingspectaclestotheignorantpoor.
276.Th.Neageor.
277.Dumsimulantspernere,acquisiveruntsibi30annorumspatiobiscentenamillialibrarumannua.Arnold.
278.Etquuminterdiudevirtuteloquutisunt,seroinlatibulisclunesagitantlaborenocturno,Agryppa.
279.1Tim.iii.13.Buttheyshallprevailnolonger,theirmadnessshallbeknowntoallmen.
280.Benignitatissinussolebatesse,nunclitiumofficinacuriaRomanaBudaeus.
281.QuidtibivideturfacturusDemocritus,sihorumspectatorcontigisset?
282.Obinanesditionumtitulos,obprereptumlocum,obinterceptammulierculam,velquodestultitianatum,velemalitia,quodcupidodominandi,libidonocendi,
&c.
283.BellumremplanebelluinamvocatMorus.Utop.lib.2.
284.Munster.Cosmog.l.5,c.3.E.Dict.Cretens.
285.Joviusvit.ejus.
286.Comineus.
287.Lib.3.
288.Hist.ofthesiegeofOstend,fol.23.
289.Erasmusdebello.Utplacidumilludanimalbenevoletiaenatumtamferinavecordiainmutuamrueretperniciem.
290.Rich.Dinoth.praefat.BellicivilisGal.
291.Jovius.
292.Dolus,asperitas,injustitiapropriabellorumnegotia.Tertul.
293.Trully.
294.Lucan.
295.Paterinfilium,affinisinaffinem,amicusinamicum,&c.Regiocumregione,regnumregnocolliditur.Populuspopuloinmutuamperniciem,belluaruminstar
sanguinolenteruentium.
296.Libaniideclam.
297.IraenimetfurorBellonaeconsultores,&c.dementessacerdotessunt.
298.Bellumquasibelluaetadomniascelerafurorimmissus.
299.Gallorumdeciescentummilliaceciderunt.Ecclesiaris20milliafundamentisexcisa.
300.BellicivilisGal.l.1.hocferalibelloetcaedibusomniarepleverunt,etregnumamplissimumafundamentispeneeverterunt,plebistotmyriadesgladio,bello,
famemiserabiliterperierunt.
301.Pont.Huterus.
302.Comineus.Utnullusnonexecreturetadmireturcrudelitatem,etbarbaraminsaniam,quaeinterhomineseodemsubcaelonatos,ejusdemlinguae,sanguinis,
religionis,exercebator.
303.Lucan.
304.Virg.
305.BishopofCuseo,aneyewitness.
306.ReadMeteranofhisstupendcruelties.
307.HensiusAustriaco.
308.Virg.Georg.impiouswarragesthroughoutthewholeworld
309.JanseniusGallobelgicus1596.Mundusfuriosus,inscriptiolibri.
310.Exercitat.250.serm.4.
311.FleatHeraclitusanrideatDemocritus.
312.Curaelevesloquuntur,ingentesstupent.
313.Armaamenscapio,necsatrationisinarmis.
314.Erasmus.
315.ProMurena.Omnesurbanaeres,omniastudia,omnisforensislausetindustrialatetintutelaetpraecidiobellicaevirtutis,etsimulatqueincrepuitsuspicio
tumultus,artesilliconostraeconticescunt.
316.Ser.13.
317.Crudelissimossaevissimosquelatrones,fortissimoshaberipropugnatores,fidissimosduceshabent,brutapersuasionedonati.
318.EobanusHessus.Quibusomnisinarmisvitaplacet,nonullajuvatnisimorte,necullamesseputantvitam,quaenonassueveritarmis.
319.Lib.10.vit.Scanperbeg.
320.Nullibeatioreshabiti,quamquiinpraeluscecidissent.Brisoniusderep.Persarum.l.3.fol.3.44.IdemLactantiusdeRomanisetGraecis.IdemAmmianus,lib.
23.deParthis.Judicaturissolusbeatusapudeos,quiinpraeliofuderitanimam.DeBenef.lib.2.c.1.
321.Nat.quaest.lib.3.
322.BoterusAmphitridion.BusbequiusTurc.hist.Percaedesetsanguinempararehominibusascensumincoelumputant,Lactan.defalsarelig.l.1.cap.8.
323.Quoniambellaacerbissimadeiflagellasuntquibushominumpertinaciampunit,eaperpetuaoblivionesepeliendapotiusquammemoriaemandandaplerique
judicant.Rich.Dinoth.praef.hist.Gall.
324.Cruentamhumanigenerispestem,etperniciemdivinitatisnotainsigniunt.
325.Etquoddolendum,applausumhabentetoccursumviritales.
326.Herculieademportaadcoelumpatuit,quimagnamgenerishumanipartemperdidit.
327.Virg.Aeneid.7.
328.Hominicidiumquumcommittuntsinguli,crimenest,quumpublicegeritur,virtusvocatur.Cyprianus.
329.Seneca.Successfulviceiscalledvirtue.
37/48
22/03/2015
330.Juven.
331.Devanit.scient.deprincip.nobilitatis.
332.Juven.Sat.4.
333.Pausarapit,quodNattareliquit.Tupessimusomniumlatroes,asDemetriusthePiratetoldAlexanderinCurtius.
334.Nonausimutire,&c.Aesop.
335.Improbumetstultum,sidivitemmultosbonosvirosinservitutemhabentem,obidduntaxatquodeicontingataureorumnumismatumcumulus,utappendices,et
additamentanumismatum.MorusUtopia.
336.EorumquedetestanturUtopiensesinsaniam,quidivinoshonoresiisimpendunt,quossordidosetavarosagnoscuntnonaliorespectuhonorantes,quamquod
ditessint.Idem.lib.2.
337.Cyp.2adDonat.ep.Utreusinnocenspereat,sitnocens.Judexdamnatforas,quodintusoperatur.
338.SidoniusApo.
339.Salvianusl.3.deproviden.
340.Ergojudiciumnihilestnisipublicamerces.Petronius.Quidfaciantlegesubisolapecuniaregnat?Idem.
341.Hicarcenturhaerediatatibusliberi,hicdonaturbonisalienis,falsumconsulit,altertestamentumcorrumpit,&c.Idem.
342.Vexatcensuracolumbas.
343.Plaut.mostel.
344.Idem.
345.Juven.Sat.4.
346.Quodtotsintfuresetmendici,magistratuumculpafit,quimalosimitanturpraeceptores,quidiscipuloslibentiusverberantquamdocunt.Morus,Utop.lib.1.
347.Decernunturfurigraviaethorrendasupplicia,quumpotiusprovidendummultoforetnefuressint,necuiquamtamdirafurandiautpereundisitnecessitas.
Idem.
348.Boterusdeaugment.urblib.3.cap.3.
349.Efraternocordesanguinemeliciunt.
350.Milvusrapitacdeglubit.
351.PetroniusdeCrotonecivit.
352.Quidforum?locusquoaliusaliumcircumvenit.
353.Vastumchaos,larvarumemporium,theatrumhypocrisios,&c.
354.Nemocoelum,nemojusjurandum,nemoJovemplurisfacit,sedomnesapertisoculisbonasuacomputant.Petron.
355.Plutarch,vit.ejus.Indecorumanimatisutcalceisutiautvitris,quaeubifractaabjicimus,namutdemeipsodicam,necbovemsenemvendideram,nedum
hominemnatugrandemlaborissocium.
356.Jovius.Cuminnumerailliusbeneficiarependerenonpossetaliter,interficijussit.
357.Beneficiaeousquelatasuntdumvidentursolviposse,ubimultum,antevenereprogratiaodiumredditur.Tac.
358.Paucischariorestfidesquampecunia.Salust.
359.Primaferevotaetcunctis,&c.
360.Etgenusetformamreginapecuniadonat.Quantumquisquesuanummorumservatinarca,tantumhabetetfidei.
361.Nonaperitiasedabornatuetvulgivocibushabemurexcellentes.Cardan.l.2.decons.
362.Perjuratasuopostponitnuminalucro,Mercator.UtnecessariumsitvelDeodisplicere,velabhominibuscontemni,vexari,negligi.
363.QuiCuriossimulantetBacchanaliavivunt.
364.Tragelaphosimilesvelcentauris,sursumhomines,deorsumequi.
365.Praeceptissuiscoelumpromittunt,ipsiinterimpulveristerreniviliamancipia.
366.AeneasSilv.
367.Arriderehominesutsaeviant,blandiriutfallant.Cyp.adDonatum.
368.Loveandhatearelikethetwoendsofaperspectiveglass,theonemultiplies,theothermakesless.
369.Ministrilocupletioresiisquibusministratur,servusmajoresopeshabensquampatronus.
370.Quiterramcoluntequipaleispascuntur,quiotianturcaballiavenasaginantur,discalceatusdiscurritquicalcesaliisfacit.
371.Juven.Doyoulaugh?heisshakenbystillgreaterlaughterheweepsalsowhenhehasbeheldthetearsofhisfriend.
372.Bodin,lib.4.derepub.cap.6.
373.Pliniusl.37.cap.3.capilloshabuitsuccineos,exindefactumutomnespuellaeRomanaecoloremillumaffectarent.
374.Oditdamnatos.Juv.
375.Agrippaep.38.l.7.Quorumcerebrumestinventre,ingeniuminpatinis.
376.Psal.Theyeatupmypeopleasbread.
377.Absumithaerescaecubaligniorservatacentumclavibus,etmerodistinguetpavimentissuperbo,pontificumpotiorecoenis.Hor.
378.QuiThaidempingere,inflaretibiam,crisparecrines.
379.Doctusspectarelacunar.
380.Tullius.Estenimpropriumstultitiaealiorumcernerevitia,obliviscisuorum.IdemAristippusCharidemoapudLucianumOmninostultitiaecujusdamesseputo,
&c.
381.Execraripublicequodocculteagat.Salvianuslib.depro.acresulciscendisvitiisquibusipsivehementerindulgent.
382.Adamuseccl.hist.cap.212.Siquisdamnatusfuerit,laetusessegloriaestnamlachrymasetplanctumcaeteraquecompunctionumgeneraquaenossalubria
censemus,itaabominanturDani,utnecpropeccatisnecprodefunctisamicisullifiereliceat.
383.Orbidatlegesforas,vixfamulumregitsinestrepitudomi.
384.Quicquidegovolohocvultmatermea,etquodmatervult,facitpater.
385.Oves,olimmitepecus,nunctamindomitumetedaxuthominesdevorent,&c.Morus.Utop.lib.1.
386.Diversosvariistribuitnaturafurores.
387.Democrit.ep.praed.Hos.dejerantesetpotantesdeprehendet,hosvomentes,illoslitigantes,insidiasmolientes,suffragantes,venenamiscentes,inamicorum
accusationemsubscribentes,hosgloria,illosambitione,cupiditate,mentecaptos,&c.
388.AdDonat.ep.2.l.1.Osipossesinspeculasublimiconstitutus,&c.
389.Lib.1.denup.Philol.inquaquidsingulinationumpopuliquotidianismotibusagitarent,relucebat.
390.OJupitercontingatmihiaurumhaereditas,&c.MultosdaJupiterannos,Dementiaquantaesthominum,turpissimavotadiisinsusurrant,siquisadmoverit
aurem,conticescuntetquodscirehominesnolunt,Deonarrant.Senec.ep.10.l.1.
391.PlautusMenech.nonpotesthaecresHelleborijugereobtinerier.
392.Eoquegraviormorbusquoignotiorpericlitanti.
393.Quaelaeduntoculos,festinasdemeresiquidestanimum,differscuranditempusinannum.Hor.
394.Sicaput,crusdolet,brachium,&c.Medicumaccersimus,recteethoneste,siparetiamindustriainanimimorbisponeretur.Joh.PelenusJesuita.lib.2.dehum.
affec.morborumquecura.
395.Etquotusquisquetamenestquicontratotpestesmedicumrequiratvelaegrotareseagnoscat?ebullitira,&c.Etnostamenaegrosessenegamus.Incolumes
medicumrecusant.Praesensaetasstultitiampriscisexprobrat.Bud.deaffec.lib.5.
396.Senesprostultishabentjuvenes.Balth.Cast.
397.Clodiusaccusatmaechos.
398.Omniumstultissimiquiauriculasstudiosetegunt.Sat.Menip.
399.Hor.Epist.2.
400.Prosper.
401.Statimsapiunt,statimsciunt,neminemreverentur,neminemimitantur,ipsisibiexemplo.Plin.Epist.lib.8.
402.Nullialterisapereconceditnedesiperevideatur.Agrip.
403.OmnisorbispersechioapersisadLusitaniam.
404.2Florid.
405.August.Qualisinoculishominumquiinversispedibusambulat,talisinoculissapientumetangelorumquisibiplacet,autcuipassionesdominantur.
406.PlautusMenechmi.
38/48
22/03/2015
407.GovernorofAsnichbyCaesar'sappointment.
408.Nuncsanitatispatrociniumestinsanientiumturba.Sen.
409.ProRoseioAmerino,etquodinteromnesconstatinsanissimus,nisiintereos,quiipsiquoqueinsaniunt.
410.Necesseestcuminsanientibusfurere,nisisolusrelinqueris.Petronius.
411.Quoniamnonestgenusunumstultitiaequameinsanireputas.
412.Stultummefateor,liceatconcedereverum,Atqueetiaminsanum.Hor.
413.Odinecpossumcupiensnecessequododi.Ovid.Erroregratolibenteromnesinsanimus.
414.Amatorscortumvitaepraeponit,iracundusvindictamfurpraedam,parasitusgulam,ambitiosushonores,avarusopes,&c.odimushaecetaccercimus.Cardan.
l.2.deconso.
415.Prov.xxvi.11.
416.Althoughyoucallout,andconfoundtheseaandsky,youstilladdressadeafman.
417.Plutarch.Gryllo.suillihominessicClem.Alex.vo.
418.Nonpersuadebis,etiamsipersuaseris.
419.Tully.
420.Malocumillisinsanire,quamcumaliisbenesentire.
421.Quiinterhosenutriuntur,nonmagissaperepossunt,quamquiinculinabeneolere.Patron.
422.Persius.
423.Hor.2.ser.whichoftheseisthemoremad.
424.Vesanumexagitantpueri,innuptaequepuellae.
425.Plautus.
426.Hor.l.2.sat.2.SuperbamstultitiamPlinusvocat.7.epist.21.quodsemeldixi,fixumratumquesit.
427.19Multisapientesproculdubiofuissent,sisenonputassentadsapientiaesummumpervenisse.
428.Idem.
429.PlutarchusSolone.Detursapientiori.
430.Tampraesentibusplenaestnuminibus,utfaciliuspossisDeumquamhomineminvenire.
431.Pulchrumbisdicerenonnocet.
432.Malefactors.
433.Whocanfindafaithfulman?Prov.xx.6.
434.InPsal.xlix.Quimomentaneasempiternis,quidelapidatheriabsentisbona,moxinjusvocandusetdamnandus.
435.Perquamridiculumesthominesexanimisententiavivere,etquaeDiisingratasuntexequi,ettamenasolisDiisvellasolvosfieri,quumpropriaesalutiscuram
abjecerint.Theod.c.6.deprovid.lib.decurat.graec.affect.
436.Sapienssibiquiimperiosus,&c.Hor.2.ser.7.
437.Conclus.lib.devie.offer,certumestanimimorbislaborantespromortuisconsendos.
438.Lib.desap.Ubitimoradest,sapientiaadessenequit.
439.Hewhoisdesirousisalsofearful,andhewholivesinfearnevercanbefree.
440.QuidinsaniusXerxeHellespontumverberante,&c.
441.Eccl.xxi.12.Whereisbitterness,thereisnounderstanding.Prov.xii.16.Anangrymanisafool.
442.BTusc.Injuriainsapientemnoncadit.
443.Hom.6.in2Epist.adCor.Hominemteagnoscerenequeo,cumtanquamasinusrecalcitres,lasciviasuttaurus,hinniasutequuspostmulieres,utursusventri
indulgeas,quumrapiasutlupus,&c.atinquisformamhominishabeo,Idmagisterret,quumferamhumanaspecievideremeputem.
444.Epist.lib.2.13.Stultussemperincipitvivere,foedahominumlevitas,novaquotidiefundamentavitaeponere,novasspes,&c.
445.Decurial.miser.Stultus,quiquaeritquodnequitinvenire,stultusquiquaeritquodnocetinventum,stultusquicumplureshabetcalles,deterioremdeligit.Mihi
videnturomnesdeliri,amentes,&c.
446.Ep.Demagete.
447.AmicisnostrisRhodidicito,nenimiumrideant,autnimiumtristessint.
448.Permultumrisumpoteriscognoscerestultum.Offic.3.c.9.
449.Sapientesliberi,stultiservi,libertasestpotestas,&c.
450.Hor.2.ser.7.
451.Juven.Goodpeoplearescarce.
452.Hypocrit.
453.Utmulieraulicanulliuspudens.
454.Epist.33.Quandofatuodelectarivolo,nonestlongequaerendus,mevideo.
455.Primocontradicentium.
456.Lib.decausiscorrupt.artium.
457.Actioneadsubtil.inScal.fol.1226.
458.Lib.1.desap.
459.Videmiserhomo,quiatotumestvanitas,totumstultitia,totumdementia,quicquidfacisinhocmundo,praeterhocsolumquodpropterDeumfacis.Ser.de
miser,hom.
460.In2Platonisdial.1.dejusto.
461.DumirametodiuminDeoreveraponit.
462.Virg.1.Eccl.3.
463.Ps.inebriabunturabubertatedomus.
464.InPsal.civ.Austin.
465.InPlatonisTim.sacerdosAegyptius.
466.Hor.vulgisinsanum.
467.Pateteadivisoprobabilis,&c.ex.Arist.Top.ib.l.c.8.Rog.Bac.Epist.desecret.art.etnat.c.8.nonestjudiciuminvulgo.
468.Deoccult.Philosop.l.1.c.25et19.ejusd.l.Lib.10.cap.4.
469.SeeLipsiusepist.
470.Depolitaiillustriumlib.1.cap.4.utinhumaniscorporibusvariaeacciduntmutationescorporis,animique,sicinrepublica,&c.
471.Ubiregesphilosophantur,Plato.
472.Lib.dererust.
473.Velpublicamutilitatem:saluspublicasupremalexesto.Beatacivitasnonubipaucibeati,sedtotacivitasbeata.Platoquartoderepublica.
474.MantuavaemiseraenimiumvicinaCremonae.
475.Interdumaferis,utolimMauritania,&c.
476.DeliciisHispaniaeanno1604.Nemomalus,nemopauper,optimusquisqueaetqueditissimus.Pie,sanctequevivebantsummaquecumveneratione,ettimore
divinocultui,sacrisquerebusincumbebant.
477.Polit.l.5.c.3.
478.BoterusPolit.lib.1.c.1.Cumnempeprincepsrerumgerendarumimperitus,segnis,oscitans,suiquemunerisimmemor,autfatuusest.
479.Nonvigetrespublicacujuscaputinfirmatur.Salisburiensis,c.22.
480.SeeDr.Fletcher'srelation,andAlexanderGaeninus'history.
481.Abundansomnidivitiarumaffluentiaincolarummultitudinesplendoreacpotentia.
482.Notabove200milesinlength,60inbreadth,accordingtoAdricomius.
483.RomulusAmascus.
484.Sabellicus.Siquisincolavetus,nonagnosceret,siquisperegrinusingemisceret.
485.Polit.l.5.c.6.Crudelitasprincipum,impunitasscelerum,violatiolegum,peculatuspecuniaepublicae,etc.
486.Epist.
487.Deincrem.urb.cap.20.subditimiseri,rebelles,desperati,&c.
39/48
22/03/2015
488.R.Darlington.1596.conclusiolibri.
489.Boterusl.9.c.4.Polit.Quofitutautrebusdesperatisexulent,autconjurationesubditorumcrudelissimetandemtrucidentur.
490.Mutuisodiisetcaedibusexhausti,&c.
491.Lucraexmalis,scelerastisquecausis.
492.Salust.
493.FormostpartwemistakethenameofPoliticians,accountingsuchasreadMachiavelandTacitus,greatstatesmen,thatcandisputeofpoliticalprecepts,
supplantandoverthrowtheiradversaries,enrichthemselves,gethonours,dissemblebutwhatisthistothebeneesse,orpreservationofaCommonwealth?
494.Imperiumsuaptespontecorruit.
495.Apul.Prim.Flor.Exinnumerabilibus,pauciSenatoresgenerenobiles,econsularibuspauciboni,ebonisadhucpaucieruditi.
496.Nonsolumvitiaconcipiuntipsiprincipes,sedetiaminfunduntincivitatem,plusqueexemploquampeccatonocent.Cic.l.delegibus.
497.Epist.adZen.Juven.Sat.4.Paupertasseditionemgignitetmaleficium,Arist.Pol.2.c.7.
498.Viciousdomesticexamplesoperatemorequicklyuponuswhensuggestedtoourmindsbyhighauthorities.
499.Salust.Semperincivitatequibusopesnullaesuntbonisinvident,veteraodere,novaexoptant,odiosuarumrerummutariomniapetunt.
500.Delegibus.profligataeinrepub.disciplinaeestindiciumjurisperitorumnumerus,etmedicorumcopia.
501.Inpraef.stud.juris.Multiplicanturnuncinterrisutlocustaenonpatriaeparentes,sedpestes,pessimihomines,majoreexpartasuperciliosi,contentiosi,&c.
licitumlatrociniumexercent.
502.Dousaepid.loquieleiaturba,vulturestogati.
503.Barc.Argen.
504.Jurisconsultidomusoraculumcivitatis.Tully.
505.Lib.3.
506.Lib.3.
507.Lib.1.derep.Gallorum,incredibilemreipub.perniciemafferunt.
508.Polycrat.lib.
509.Isstipecontentus,ethiassesintegrossibimultiplicarijubent.
510.Plusaccipiunttacere,quamnosloqui.
511.Totiusinjustitiaenullacapitalior,quameorumquicummaximedecipiunt,idagunt,utboniviriessevideantur.
512.Namquocunquemodocausaprocedat,hocsemperagitur,utloculiimpleantur,etsiavaritianequitsatiari.
513.CamdeninNorfolk:quisinihilsitlitiumejurisapicibuslitestamensererecallent.
514.Plutarch,vit.Cat.causasapudinferosquasinsuamfidemreceperunt,patrociniosuotuebuntur.
515.Lib.2.deHelvet.repub.nonexplicandis,sedmoliendiscontroversiisoperamdant,itautlitesinmultosannosextrabantursummacummolestiautrisquepartis
etdumintereapatrimoniaexhauriantur.
516.Lupumauribustenent.
517.Hor.
518.Lib.deHelvet.repub.Judicesquocunquepagoconstituuntquiamicaaliquatransactionesifieripossit,litestollant.Egomajorumnostrorumsimplicitatem
admiror,quisiccausasgravissimascomposuerint,&c.
519.Clenard.l.1.ep.Siquaecontroversiaeutraqueparajudicemadit,issemeletsimulremtransigit,audit:necquidsitappellatio,lachrymosaequemoraenoscunt.
520.Camden.
521.Lib.10.epist.adAtticum,epist.II.
522.Biblioth.l.3.
523.Lib.deAnim.
524.Lib.majormorb.corp.ananimi.Hinonconveniuntutdiismoremajorumsacrafaciant,nonutJoviprimitiasofferant,autBacchocommessationes,sed
anniversariusmorbusexasperansAsiamhuceoscoegit,utcontentioneshicperagant.
525.ICor.vi.5,6.
526.Stultiquandodemumsapietis?Ps.xlix.8.
527.Sointituled,andpreachedbyourRegiusProfessor,D.PrideauxprintedatLondonbyFelixKingston,1621.
528.OfwhichTextreadtwolearnedSermons.
529.Saepiusbonamateriacessatsineartifice.SabellicusdeGermania.SiquisvideretGermaniamurbibushodieexcultam,nondiceretutolimtristemcultu,asperam
coelo,terraminformem.
530.ByhisMajesty'sAttorneyGeneralthere.
531.AsZeipland,BemsterinHolland,&c.
532.FromGaunttoSluce,fromBrugestotheSea,&c.
533.Ortelius,Boterus,Mercator,Meteranus,&c.
534.Thecitadelparexcellance.
535.JamindenonbelligloriaquamhumanitatiscultuinterflorentissimasorbisChristianigentesimprimisfloruit.CamdenBrit.deNormannis.
536.Georg.Kecker.
537.TamhiemequamaestateintrepidesulcantOceanum,etduoillorumducesnonminoreaudaciaquamfortunatotiusorbemterraecircumnavigarunt.
AmphitheatroBoterus.
538.Afertilesoil,goodair,&c.Tin,Lead,Wool,Saffron,&c.
539.TotaBritanniaunicavelutarxBoter.
540.Lib.1.hist.
541.Increment,urb.l.1.c.9.
542.Angliae,exceptoLondino,nullaestcivitasmemorabilia,liceteanatiorerumomniumcopiaabundet.
543.Cosmog.Lib.3.cop.119.Villarumnonestnumerus,nulluslocusotiosusautincultus.
544.Chytreusorat.edit.Francof.1583.
545.MaginusGeog.
546.OrteliuseVaseoetPet.deMedina.
547.Anhundredfamiliesineach.
548.Populimultitudodiligenteculturafoecundatsolum.Boter.l.8.c.3.
549.Orat.35.Terraubiovesstabulanturoptimaagricolisobstercus.
550.Dererust.l.2.cap.1.Thesoilisnottiredorexhausted,buthasbecomebarrenthroughoursloth.
551.Hodieurbibusdesolatur,etmagnaexparteincolisdestituitur.Gerbeliusdesc.Graeciae,lib.6.
552.Videbiteasfereomnesauteversas,autsoloaequatas,autinruderafoedissimedejectasGerbelius.
553.
Noteventhehardestofourfoescouldhear,
NorsternUlyssestellwithoutatear.
554.Lib.7.Septuagintaolimlegionesscriptaedicunturquasvireshodie,&c.
555.Polit.l.3.c.8.
556.Fordyeingofcloths,anddressing,&c.
557.Valer.l.2.c.1.
558.Hist.Scot.Lib.10.Magnispropositispraemiis,utScotiabiisedocerentur.
559.Munst.cosm.l.5.c.74.Agroomniumreruminfoecundissimoaquaindigenteintersaxeta,urbstamenelegantissima,obOrientisnegotiationesetOccidentis.
560.Lib.8.Georgr:obasperumsitum.
561.Lib.Edit.aNic.Tregant.Belg.A.1616.expedit.inSinas.
562.Ubinobilesprobilocohabentartemaliquamprofiteri.Cleonard.ep.l.1.
563.Lib.13.Belg.Hist.nontamlaboriosiutBelgae,sedutHispaniotiatoresvitamutplurimumotiosamagentes:artesmanuariaequaeplurimumhabentinse
laborisetdifficultatis,majoremquerequiruntindustriam,aperegrinisetexterisexercenturhabitantinpiscosissimomari,intereatantumnonpiscanturquantum
insulaesuffeceritsedavicinisemerecoguntur.
40/48
22/03/2015
564.GrotiiLiber.
565.Urbsanimisnumeroquepotens,etroboregentis.Scaliger.
566.Camden.
567.York,Bristow,Norwich,Worcester,&c.
568.M.Gainsford'sArgument:Becausegentlemendwellwithusinthecountryvillages,ourcitiesareless,isnothingtothepurpose:putthreehundredorfour
hundredvillagesinashire,andeveryvillageyieldagentleman,whatisfourhundredfamiliestoincreaseoneofourcities,ortocontendwiththeirs,whichstand
thicker?Andwhereasoursusuallyconsistofseventhousand,theirsconsistoffortythousandinhabitants.
569.Maximaparsvictusincarneconsistit.Polyd.Lib.1.Hist.
570.Refraenatemonopoliilicentiam,paucioresalanturotio,redintegreturagricolatio,lanificiuminstauretur,utsithonestumnegotiumquoseexerceatotiosailla
turba.Nisihismalismedentur,frustraexercentjustitiam.Mor.Utop.Lib.1.
571.MancipiislocuplesegetaerisCappadocumrex.Hor.
572.Regisdignitatisnonestexercereimperiuminmendicossedinopulentos.Nonestregnidecus,sedcarcerisessecustos.Idem.
573.Colluvieshominummirabilesexcoctisolo,immundivestesfoedivisu,furtiimprimisacres,&c.
574.Cosmog.lib.3.cap.5.
575.Letnooneinourcitybeabeggar.
576.Seneca.Haudminusturpiaprincipimultasupplicia,quammedicomultafunera.
577.Acpituitametbilemacorpore(11.deleg.)omnesvultexterminari.
578.SeeLipsiusAdmiranda.
579.DequoSuet.inClaudio,etPlinius,c.36.
580.Utegestatisimuletignaviaeoccurratur,opificiacondiscantur,tenuessubleventur.Bodin.l.6.c.2.num.6,7.
581.AmasisAegyptirexlegempromulgavit,utomnessubditiquotannisrationemredderentundeviverent.
582.Buscoldusdiscursupolit.cap.2.wherebytheyaresupported,anddonotbecomevagrantsbybeinglessaccustomedtolabour.
583.Lib.1.deincrem.Urb.cap.6.
584.Cap.5.deincrem.urb.Quasflumen,lacus,autmarealluit.
585.Incredibilemcommoditatem,vecturamerciumtresfluviinavigabiles,&c.BoterusdeGallia.
586.Herodotus.
587.Ind.Orient.cap.2.Rotaminmedioflumineconstituunt,cuiexpellibusanimaliumconsutosuteresappendunt,hidumrotamovetur,aquampercanales,&c.
588.Centumpedeslatafossa30.alta.
589.ContrarytothatofArchimedes,whoholdsthesuperficiesofallwaterseven.
590.Lib.1.cap.3.
591.Dion.Pausanias,etNic.Gerbelius.Munster.Cosm.Lib.4.cap.36.Utbreviorforetnavigatioetminuspericulosa.
592.CharlesthegreatwentabouttomakeachannelfromtheRhinetotheDanube.Bil.Pirkimerusdescript.Ger.theruinsareyetseenaboutWessenburgfrom
RednichtoAltimul.UtnavigabiliainterseOccidentisetSeptentrionislittorafierent.
593.MaginusGeorgr.Simlerusderep.Helvet.lib.1.describit.
594.CamdeninLincolnshire,Fossedike.
595.NearSt.Albans,whichmustnotnowbewhisperedintheear.
596.LiliusGirald.Nat.comes.
597.Apuleius,lib.4.Flor.Lar.familiarisinterhominesaetatissuaecultusest,litiumomniumetjurgioruminterpropinquosarbitreretdisceptator.Adversus
iracundiam,invidiam,avaritiam,libidinem,ceteraqueanimihumanivitiaetmonstraphilosophusisteHerculesfuit.Pesteseasmentibusexegitomnes,&c.
598.Votianavig.
599.Raggnalios,part2,cap.2,etpart3,c.17.
600.Velent.AndreaeApolog.manip.604.
601.Quisordidusest,sordescatadhuc.
602.Hor.
603.FerdinandoQuir.1612.
604.VideAcostaetLaiet.
605.Videpatritium,lib.8.tit.10.deInstit.Reipub.
606.SicOlimHippodamusMilesiusAris.polit.cap.11.etVitruviusl.1.c.ult.
607.Withwallsofearth,&c.
608.DehisPlin.epist.42.lib.2.etTacit.Annal.13.lib.
609.VideBrisoniumderegnoPerselib.3.dehisetVegetium,lib.2.cap.3.deAnnona.
610.Nottomakegold,butformattersofphysic.
611.BresoniusJosephus,lib.21.antiquit.Jud.cap.6.Herod.lib.3.
612.SoLod.Vivesthinksbest,Comineus,andothers.
613.Plato3.deleg.Aedilescrearivult,quifora,fontes,vias,portus,plateas,etidgenusaliaprocurent.VideIsaacumPontanumdeciv.Amstel.haecomnia,&c.
Gotardumetalios.
614.DeIncrem.urb.cap.13.Ingenuefateormenonintelligerecurignobiliussiturbesbenemunitascolerenuncquamolim,autcasaerusticaepraessequamurbi.
IdemUrbertusFoliot,deNeapoli.
615.Netantillumquidemsoliincultumrelinquitur,utverumsitnepollicemquidemagriinhisregionibussterilemautinfoecundumreperiri.MarcusHemingias
AugustanusderegnoChinae,l.1.c.3.
616.M.Carew,inhissurveyofCornwall,saiththatbeforethatcountrywasenclosed,thehusbandmendrankwater,dideatlittleornobread,fol.66,lib.1.their
apparelwascoarse,theywentbarelegged,theirdwellingwascorrespondentbutsinceinclosure,theylivedecently,andhavemoneytospend(fol.23)whentheir
fieldswerecommon,theirwoolwascoarse,Cornishhairbutsinceinclosure,itisalmostasgoodasCotswol,andtheirsoilmuchmended.Tusser.cap.52ofhis
husbandry,isofhisopinion,oneacreenclosed,isworththreecommon.ThecountryenclosedIpraisetheotherdelightethnotme,fornothingofwealthitdoth
raise,&c.
617.Incredibilisnavigiorumcopia,nihilopaucioresinaquis,quamincontinenticommorantur.M.Ricceusexpedit.inSinas,l.1.c.3.
618.Tothispurpose,Arist.polit.2.c.6.allowsathirdpartoftheirrevenues,Hippodamushalf.
619.ItalexAgrariaolimRomae.
620.Hicsegetes,illicveniuntfeliciusuvae,Arboreifaetusalibi,atqueinjussavirescuntGraminia.Virg.1.Georg.
621.Lucanus,l.6.
622.Virg.
623.Joh.Valent.Andreas,LordVerulam.
624.SoisitinthekingdomofNaplesandFrance.
625.SeeContarenusandOsoriusderebusgestisEmanuelis.
626.Claudianl.7.Libertyneverismoregratifyingthanunderapiousking.
627.HerodotusEratolib.6.CumAegyptiisLacedemoniiinhoccongruunt,quodeorumpraecones,tibicines,coqui,etreliquiartifices,inpaternoartificiosuccedunt,
etcoquusacoquogignitur,etpaternoopereperseverat.IdemMarcuspolusdeQuinzay.IdemOsoriusdeEmanueleregeLusitano.RicciusdeSinia.
628.Hippol.acollibusdeincrem.urb.c.20.Platoidem7.delegibus,quaeadvitamnecessaria,etquibuscarerenonpossumus,nullumdependivectigal,&c.
629.Plato12.delegibus,40.annosnatosvult,utsiquidmemorabileviderentapudexteros,hocipsuminrempub.recipiatur.
630.SimlerusinHelvetia.
631.Utopiensescausidicosexcludant,quicausascallideetvafretractentetdisputent.Iniquissimumcensenshominemullisobligarilegibus,quaeautnumerosioret
sunt,quamutperlegiqueant,autobscurioresquamutaquovispossintintelligi.Voluntutsuamquisquecausamagat,eamquereferatJudiciquamnarraturusfuerat
patrono,sicminuseritambagum,etveritasfaciliuselicietur.Mor.Utop.l.2.
632.Mediciexpublicovictumsumunt.Boter.l.1.c.5.deAegyptiis.
633.DehislegePatrit.l.3.tit.8.dereip.Instit.
634.Nihilaclientibuspatroniaccipiant,priusquamlisfinitaest.Barel.Argen.lib.3.
635.ItissoinmostfreecitiesinGermany.
41/48
22/03/2015
636.Mat.Ricciusexped.inSinas,l.1.c.5.deexaminationeelectionumcopioseagit,&c.
637.Contar.derepub.Venet.l.1.
638.Osor.l.11.dereb.gest.Eman.Quiinliterismaximosprogressusfecerintmaximishonoribusafficiuntur,secundushonorisgradusmilitibusassignatur,
postremiordinismechanicis,doctorumhominumjudiciisinaltioremlocumquisquepraesertur,etquiaplurimisapprobatur,amplioresinrep.dignitatesconsequitur.
Quiinhocexamineprimashabet,insignipertotamvitamdignitateinsignitur,marchionisimilis,autduciapudnos.
639.Cedantarmatogae.
640.AsinBerne,Lucerne,FriburgeinSwitzerland,aviciousliverisuncapableofanyofficeifaSenator,instantlydeposed.Simlerus.
641.Notabovethreeyears,Arist.polit.5.c.8.
642.Namquiscustodietipsoscustodes?
643.CytreusinGreisgeia.Quinonexsublimidespiciantinferiores,necutbestiasconculcentsibisubditosauctoritatisnomini,confisi,&c.
644.Seselliusderep.Gallorum,lib.1&2.
645.Forwhowouldcultivatevirtueitself,ifyouweretotakeawaythereward?
646.Siquisegregiumautbelloautpaceperfecerit.Sesel.l.1.
647.Adregendamrempub.soliliteratiadmittuntur,necadeamremgratiamagistratuumautregisindigent,omniaexploratacujusquescientiaetvirtutependent.
Ricciuslib.1.cap.5.
648.Indefunctilocumeumjussitsubrogari,quiintermajoresvirtutereliquispraeiretnonfuitapudmortalesullumexcellentiuscertamen,autcujusvictoriamagis
essetexpetenda,noneniminterceleres,celerrimo,noninterrobustosrobustissimo,&c.
649.Nullumvideresvelinhacvelinvicinisregionibuspauperem,nullumobaeratum,&c.
650.NullusmendicusapudSinas,neminisanoquamvisoculisturbatussitmendicarepermittitur,omnesproviribuslaborare,coguntur,caecimolistrusatilibus
versandisaddicuntur,solihospitiisgaudent,quiadlaboressuntinepti.Osor.l.11.dereb.gest.Eman.Heming.dereg.Chin.l.1.c.3.Gotard.Arth.Orient.Ind.
descr.
651.Alex.abAlex.3.c.12.
652.SicolimRomaeIsaac.Pontan.dehisoptime.Aristot.l.2.c.9.
653.IdemAristot.pol.5.c.8.Vitiosumquumsolipauperumliberieducanturadlabores,nobiliumetdivituminvoluptatibusetdeliciis.
654.Quaehaecinjustitiautnobilisquispiam,autfaeneratorquinihilagat,lautametsplendidamvitamagat,otioetdeliciis,quuminterimauriga,faber,agricola,quo
respub.carerenonpotest,vitamadeomiseramducat,utpejorquamjumentorumsitejusconditio?Iniquaresp.quaedatparasitis,adulatoribus,inaniumvoluptatum
artificibusgenerosisetotiosistantamuneraprodigit,atcontraagricolis,carbonariis,aurigis,fabris,&c.nihilprospicit,sedeorumabusalaboreflorentiaaetatisfame
pensetetaerumnis,Mor.Utop.l.2.
655.InSegovianemootiosus,nemomendicusnisiperaetatemautmorbumopusfacerenonpotest:nullideestundevictumquaerat,autquoseexerceat.Cypr.
EchoviusDelit.Hispan.NullusGenevaeotiosus,neseptennispuer.PaulusHeuznerItiner.
656.Athenaeus,l.12.
657.Simlerusderepub.Helvet.
658.Spartian.olimRomaesic.
659.Hethatprovidesnotforhisfamily,isworsethanathief.Paul.
660.Alfredilex.utraquemanusetlinguapraecidatur,nisieamcapiteredemerit.
661.Siquisnuptamstuprarit,virgaviriliseipraeciditursimulier,nasusetauriculapraecidatur.Alfredilex.EnlegesipsiVeneriMartiquetimendas.
662.54Pauperesnonpeccant,quumextremanecessitatecoactiremalienamcapiunt.Maldonat.summulaquaest.8.art.3.Egocumillissentioquilicereputanta
diviteclamaccipere,quiteneturpauperisubvenire.EmmanuelSa.Aphor.confess.
663.55Lib.2.deReg.Persarum.
664.Lib.24.
665.AliterAristoteles,amanat25,awomanat20.polit.
666.LexolimLicurgi,hodieChinensiumvidePlutarchum,Riccium,Hemmingium,Arniseum,Nevisanum,etaliosdehacquaestione.
667.Alfredus.
668.ApudLaconesolimvirginesfinedotenubebant.Boter.l.3.c.3.
669.61LegecautumnonitapridemapudVenetos,nequisPatritiusdotemexcederet1500coron.
670.62Bux.Synag.Jud.Sic.Judaei.LeoAferAfricaedescript.nesintaliterincontinentesobreipub.bonum.UtAugust.Caesar.orat.adcaelibesRomanosolim
edocuit.
671.Morbolaborans,quiinprolemfacilediffunditur,negenushumanumfoedacontagionelaedatur,juventutecastratur,mulierestalesproculaconsortiovirorum
ablegantur,&c.HectorBoethiushist.lib.1.devet.Scotorummoribus.
672.Speciosissimijuvenesliberisdabuntoperam.Plato5.delegibus.
673.TheSaxonsexcludedumb,blind,leprous,andsuchlikepersonsfromallinheritance,aswedofools.
674.UtolimRomani,Hispanihodie,&c.
675.Ricciuslib.11.cap.5.deSinarum.expedit.sicHispanicoguntMaurosarmadeponere.SoitisinmostItaliancities.
676.IdemPlato12.delegibus,ithatheverbeenimmoderate,videGuil.Stuckiumantiq.convival.lib.1.cap.26.
677.Plato9.delegibus.
678.AsthoseLombardsbeyondSeas,thoughwithsomereformation,monspietatis,orbankofcharity,asMalinestermsit,cap.33.Lexmercat.part2.thatlend
moneyuponeasypawns,ortakemoneyuponadventureformen'slives.
679.Thatproportionwillmakemerchandiseincrease,landdearer,andbetterimproved,ashehathjudiciallyprovedinhistractofusury,exhibitedtotheParliament
anno1621.
680.HocfereZanchiuscom.in4cap.adEphes.aequissimamvocatusuram,etcharitatiChristianaeconsentaneam,modononexigant,&c.necomnesdentad
foenus,sediiquiinpecuniisbonahabent,etobaetatem,sexum,artisalicujusignorantiam,nonpossuntuti.Necomnibus,sedmercatoribusetiisquihoneste
impendent,&c.
681.IdemapudPersasolim,legeBrisonium.
682.Wehatethehawk,becausehealwayslivesinbattle.
683.IdemPlatodelegibus.
684.30.Optimumquidemfuerateampatribusnostrismentemadiisdatamesse,utvosItaliae,nosAfricaeimperiocontentiessemus.NequeenimSiciliaaut
Sardiniasatisdignapreciosuntprototclassibus,&c.
685.Claudian.
686.Thucydides.
687.Adepopulatione,agrorumincendiis,etejusmodifactisimmanibus.Plato.
688.Hungar.dec.1.lib.9.
689.Sesellius,lib.2.derepub.Gal.valdeenimestindecorum,ubiquodpraeteropinionemacciditdicere,Nonputaram,presertimsirespraecaveripotuerit.Livius,
lib.1.Dion.lib.2.DiodorusSiculus,lib.2.
690.Peragittranquillapotestas.Quodviolentanequit.Claudian.
691.Bellumnectimendumnecprovocandum.Plin.Panegyr.Trajano.
692.Lib.3.poet.cap.19.
693.Lib.4.derepub.cap.2.
694.Peucer.lib.1.dedivinat.
695.CamdeninCheshire.
696.Iliad.6.lib.
697.VidePuteaniComun,Gocleniumdeportentosiscoenisnostrorumtemporum.
698.Mirabiledictuest,quantumopsoniorumunadomussingulisdiebusabsumat,sternunturmensaeinomnespenehorascalentibussempereduliis.Descrip.Britan.
699.Lib.1.derep.Gallorumquodtotlitesetcausaeforenses,aliaeferanturexaliis,inimmensumproducantur,etmagnossumptusrequirantundefitutjuris
administriplerumquenobiliumpossessionesadquirant,tumquodsumptuosevivant,etamercatoribusabsorbenturetsplendissimevestiantur,&c.
700.Ter.
701.Amphit.Plant.
702.Paling.Filiusutfur.
42/48
22/03/2015
703.Catuscummure,duogallisimulinaede,Etglotesbinaenunquamvivuntsinelite.
704.Resangustadomi.
705.Whenprideandbeggarymeetinafamily,theyroarandhowl,andcauseasmanyflashesofdiscontents,asfireandwater,whentheyconcur,makethunder
clapsintheskies.
706.PlautusAulular.
707.Lib.7.cap.6.
708.Pelliturinbellissapientia,vigeriturres.Vetusproverbium,autregemautfatuumnascioportere.
709.Lib.1.hist.Rom.similesa.bacculorumcalculis,secundumcomputantisarbitrium,modoaereisunt,modoaureiadnutumregisnuncbeatisuntnuncmiseri.
710.AerumnosiqueSolonesinSa.3.Demiser.curialium.
711.F.DousaeEpid.lib.1.c.13.
712.HoccognomentocohonestatiRomae,quicaeterosmortalessapientiapraestarent,testisPlin.lib.7.cap.34.
713.Insanireparantcertarationemodoque,madbythebookthey,&c.
714.Juvenal.OPhysicians!openthemiddlevein.
715.Solomon.
716.Communisirrisorstultitiae.
717.Witwhitherwilt?
718.Scaligerexercitat.324.
719.Vit.ejus.
720.Ennius.
721.Lucian.Termilledrachmisolimemptastudensindesapientiamadipiscetur.
722.Epist.21.1.lib.Nonoportetorationemsapientisessepolitamautsolicitam.
723.Lib.3.cap.13.multoanhelitujactationefurentespectus,frontemcaedentes,&c.
724.Lipsius,vocessunt,praetereanihil.
725.Lib.30.plusmailfacerevideturquiorationequamquipraetioquemviscorrumpit:nam,&c.
726.InGorg.Platonis.
727.Innaugerio.
728.SifurorsitLyaeus,&c.quotiesfurit,furit,furit,amans,bibens,etPoeta,&c.
729.Theyareborneinthebarkoffolly,anddwellinthegroveofmadness.
730.MorusUtop.lib.11.
731.Macrob.Satur.7.16.
732.Epist.16.
733.Lib.decausiscorrup.artium.
734.Lib.2.inAusonium,cap.19et32.
735.Edit.7.volum.JanoGutero.
736.AristophanisRanis.
737.Lib.debeneficiis.
738.Delirusetamensdicaturmerit.Hor.Seneca.
739.Ovid.Met.MajestyandLovedonotagreewell,nordwelltogether.
740.Plutarch.Amatorioestamorinsanus.
741.Epist.39.
742.Sylvaenuptialis,l.1.num.11.Omnesmulieresutplurimumstultae.
743.Aristotle.
744.Doleresedixitquodtumvitaegrederetur.
745.Lib.1.num.11.sapientiaetdivitiaevixsimulpossideripossunt.
746.Theygettheirwisdombyeatingpiecrustsome.
747..Opesquidemmortalibussuntamentia.Theognis.
748.Fortunanimiumquemfovet,stultumfacit.
749.Joh.28.
750.Mag.moral.lib.2etlib.1.sat.4.
751.Hor.lib.1.sat.4.
752.Insanagula,insanaeobstructiones,insanumvenandistudiumdiscordiademens.Virg.Aen.
753.HeliodorusCarthaginensisadextremumorbissarcophagotestamentomehicjussicondier,etutvideremanquisinsanioradmevisendumusqueadhaecloca
penetraret.OrteliusinGad.
754.Ifitbehiswork,whichGasperVeretussuspects.
755.Livy,Ingentesvirtutesingentiavitia.
756.Hor.Quisquisambitionemalaautargentipalletamore,Quisquisluxuria,tristiquesuperstitione.Per.
757.CronicaSlavonicaadannum1257.decujuspecuniajamincredibiliadixerunt.
758.Afoolandhismoneyaresoonparted.
759.Orat.deimag.ambitiosusetaudaxnavigetAnticyras.
760.Navisstulta,quaecontinuomoveturnautaestultiquisepericulisexponunt,aquainsanaquaesicfremit,&c.aerjactatur,&c.quimarisecommittitstolidum
unumterrafugiens,40.mariinvenit.GasparEns.Moros.
761.Cap.dealien.mentis.
762.Dipnosophist.lib.8.
763.TibicinesmenteCapti.Erasm.Chi.14.cer.7.
764.Prov.30.Insanalibido,Hicrogononfurorest,nonesthaecmentulademens.Mart.ep.74.l.3.
765.Millepuellarumetpuerorummillejurores.
766.Uterestinsaniorhorum.Hor.Ovid.Virg.Plin.
767.Plin.lib.36.
768.Tacitus3.Annal.
769.Ovid.7.met.E.fungisnatihominesutolimCorinthiprimaeviilliuslociaccolae,quiastolidietfatuifungisnatidicebantur,idemetalibidicas.
770.Famian.Stradedebajulis,demarmoresemisculpti.
771.ArianusperiplomarisEuxiniportusejusmeminit,etGillius,l.3.deBospher.Thracioetlaurusinsanaquaeallatainconviviumconvivasomnesinsaniaaffecit.
Guliel.Stucchiuscomment,&c.
772.Lepidumpoemasicinscriptum.
773.Nooneiswiseatallhours,noonebornwithoutfaults,noonefreefromcrime,noonecontentwithhislot,nooneinlovewise,nogood,orwiseman
perfectlyhappy.
774.Stultitiamsimularenonpotesnisitaciturnitate.
775.Extortusnoncruciatur,ambustusnonlaeditur,prostratusinlucta,nonvinciturnonfitcaptivusabhostevenundatus.Etsirugosus,senexedentulus,luscus,
deformis,formosustamen,etdeosimilis,felix,dives,rexnulliusegens,etsidenariononsitdignus.
776.Illumcontenduntnoninjuriaaffici,noninsania,noninebriari,quiavirtusnoneripiturobconstantescomprehensiones.Lips.phys.Stoic,lib.3.diffi.18.
777.TarreusHebusepig.102.l.8.
778.Hor.
779.Fratressanct.Roseaecrucis.
780.Ansint,qualessint,undenomenilludasciverint.
781.TurriBabel.
782.Omniumartiumetscientiaruminstaurator.
783.Divinusillevirauctornotarum.inepist.Rog.Bacon.ed.Hambur.1608.
43/48
22/03/2015
784.Sapientiaedesponsati.
785.FromtheRisingSuntotheMaeotidLake,therewasnotonethatcouldfairlybeputincomparisonwiththem.
786.Solushicestsapiensaliivolitantvelutumbrae.
787.Inep.adBalthas.Moretum.
788.RejectiunculaeadPatavum.Felinuscumreliquis.
789.Magnumvirumsequiestsapere,somethinkothersdesipere.Catul.
790.Plant.Menec.
791.InSat.14.
792.OrtosendforacooktotheAnticyraetomakeHelleborepottage,settlebrainpottage.
793.Aliquantulumtamenindemesolabor,quodunacummultisetsapientibusetceleberrimisvirisipseinsipienssim,quodseMenippusLucianiinNecyomantia.
794.PetroniusinCatalect.
795.ThatImeanofAndr.Vale.Apolog.Manip.l.1et26.Apol.
796.Haecaffectionostristemporibusfrequentissima.
797.Cap.15.deMel.
798.Deanima.Nostrohocsaeculomorbusfrequentissimus.
799.Consult.98.adeonostristemporibusfrequenteringruitutnullusfereabejuslabeimmunisreperiaturetomniumferemorborumoccasioexistat.
800.Mor.EncomsiquiscalumnieturleviusessequamdecetTheologum,autmordaciusquamdeceatChristianum.
801.Hor.Sat.4.l.1.
802.Epi.adDorpiumdeMoria.siquispiamoffendaturetsibivindicet,nonhabetquodexpostuletcumeoscripsit,ipsesivolet,secumagatinjuriam,utpotesui
proditor,quideclaravithocadsepropriepertinere.
803.Siquisselaesumclamabit,autconscientiamproditsuam,autcertemetum,Phaedr.lib.3.Aesop.Fab.
804.Ifanyoneshallerrthroughhisownsuspicion,andshallapplytohimselfwhatiscommontoall,hewillfoolishlybetrayaconsciousnessofguilt.
805.Hor.
806.Mart.l.7.22.
807.Utlubetferiat,absterganthosictusDemocritipharmacos.
808.Rusticorumdeapreessevacantibusetotiosisputabatur,cuipostlaboresagricolasacrificabat.Plin.l.3.c.12.Ovid.l.6.Fast.Jamquoquecumfiuntantiquae
sacraVacunae,anteVacunalesstantquesedentquefocos.Rosinus.
809.Ter.prol.Eunuch.
810.Ariost.l.39.Staf.58.
811.Utenimexstudiisgaudiumsicstudiaexhilaritateproveniunt.PliniusMaximosuo,ep.lib.8.
812.Annal.15.
813.SirFrancisBaconinhisEssays,nowViscountSt.Albans.
814.QuodProbusPersiivirginaliverecundiaPersiumfuissedicit,ego,&c.
815.Quasautincuriafudit,authumanaparumcavitnatura.Hor.
816.Prol.quer.Plaut.Letnotanyonetakethesethingstohimself,theyareallbutfictions.
817.Simecommorit,meliusnontangereclamo.Hor.
818.Hippoc.epist.Damageto,accercitussumutDemocritumtanquaminsanumcurarem,sedpostquamconveni,nonperJovemdesipientiaenegotium,sedrerum
omniumreceptaculumdeprehendi,ejusqueingeniumdemiratussum.Abderitanosverotanquamnonsanosaccusavi,veratripotioneipsospotiuseguissedicens.
819.Mart.
EndofProjectGutenberg'sTheAnatomyofMelancholy,byDemocritusJunior
***ENDOFTHISPROJECTGUTENBERGEBOOKTHEANATOMYOFMELANCHOLY***
*****Thisfileshouldbenamed10800h.htmor10800h.zip*****
Thisandallassociatedfilesofvariousformatswillbefoundin:
http://www.gutenberg.net/1/0/8/0/10800/
ProducedbyKarlHagen,D.MoynihanandDistributedProofreaders
Updatededitionswillreplacethepreviousonetheoldeditions
willberenamed.
Creatingtheworksfrompublicdomainprinteditionsmeansthatno
oneownsaUnitedStatescopyrightintheseworks,sotheFoundation
(andyou!)cancopyanddistributeitintheUnitedStateswithout
permissionandwithoutpayingcopyrightroyalties.Specialrules,
setforthintheGeneralTermsofUsepartofthislicense,applyto
copyinganddistributingProjectGutenbergtmelectronicworksto
protectthePROJECTGUTENBERGtmconceptandtrademark.Project
Gutenbergisaregisteredtrademark,andmaynotbeusedifyou
chargefortheeBooks,unlessyoureceivespecificpermission.Ifyou
donotchargeanythingforcopiesofthiseBook,complyingwiththe
rulesisveryeasy.YoumayusethiseBookfornearlyanypurpose
suchascreationofderivativeworks,reports,performancesand
research.Theymaybemodifiedandprintedandgivenawayyoumaydo
practicallyANYTHINGwithpublicdomaineBooks.Redistributionis
subjecttothetrademarklicense,especiallycommercial
redistribution.
***START:FULLLICENSE***
THEFULLPROJECTGUTENBERGLICENSE
PLEASEREADTHISBEFOREYOUDISTRIBUTEORUSETHISWORK
ToprotecttheProjectGutenbergtmmissionofpromotingthefree
distributionofelectronicworks,byusingordistributingthiswork
(oranyotherworkassociatedinanywaywiththephrase"Project
Gutenberg"),youagreetocomplywithallthetermsoftheFullProject
GutenbergtmLicense(availablewiththisfileoronlineat
http://gutenberg.net/license).
Section1.GeneralTermsofUseandRedistributingProjectGutenbergtm
electronicworks
1.A.ByreadingorusinganypartofthisProjectGutenbergtm
electronicwork,youindicatethatyouhaveread,understand,agreeto
44/48
22/03/2015
andacceptallthetermsofthislicenseandintellectualproperty
(trademark/copyright)agreement.Ifyoudonotagreetoabidebyall
thetermsofthisagreement,youmustceaseusingandreturnordestroy
allcopiesofProjectGutenbergtmelectronicworksinyourpossession.
IfyoupaidafeeforobtainingacopyoforaccesstoaProject
Gutenbergtmelectronicworkandyoudonotagreetobeboundbythe
termsofthisagreement,youmayobtainarefundfromthepersonor
entitytowhomyoupaidthefeeassetforthinparagraph1.E.8.
1.B."ProjectGutenberg"isaregisteredtrademark.Itmayonlybe
usedonorassociatedinanywaywithanelectronicworkbypeoplewho
agreetobeboundbythetermsofthisagreement.Thereareafew
thingsthatyoucandowithmostProjectGutenbergtmelectronicworks
evenwithoutcomplyingwiththefulltermsofthisagreement.See
paragraph1.Cbelow.TherearealotofthingsyoucandowithProject
Gutenbergtmelectronicworksifyoufollowthetermsofthisagreement
andhelppreservefreefutureaccesstoProjectGutenbergtmelectronic
works.Seeparagraph1.Ebelow.
1.C.TheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation("theFoundation"
orPGLAF),ownsacompilationcopyrightinthecollectionofProject
Gutenbergtmelectronicworks.Nearlyalltheindividualworksinthe
collectionareinthepublicdomainintheUnitedStates.Ifan
individualworkisinthepublicdomainintheUnitedStatesandyouare
locatedintheUnitedStates,wedonotclaimarighttopreventyoufrom
copying,distributing,performing,displayingorcreatingderivative
worksbasedontheworkaslongasallreferencestoProjectGutenberg
areremoved.Ofcourse,wehopethatyouwillsupporttheProject
Gutenbergtmmissionofpromotingfreeaccesstoelectronicworksby
freelysharingProjectGutenbergtmworksincompliancewiththetermsof
thisagreementforkeepingtheProjectGutenbergtmnameassociatedwith
thework.Youcaneasilycomplywiththetermsofthisagreementby
keepingthisworkinthesameformatwithitsattachedfullProject
GutenbergtmLicensewhenyoushareitwithoutchargewithothers.
1.D.Thecopyrightlawsoftheplacewhereyouarelocatedalsogovern
whatyoucandowiththiswork.Copyrightlawsinmostcountriesarein
aconstantstateofchange.IfyouareoutsidetheUnitedStates,check
thelawsofyourcountryinadditiontothetermsofthisagreement
beforedownloading,copying,displaying,performing,distributingor
creatingderivativeworksbasedonthisworkoranyotherProject
Gutenbergtmwork.TheFoundationmakesnorepresentationsconcerning
thecopyrightstatusofanyworkinanycountryoutsidetheUnited
States.
1.E.UnlessyouhaveremovedallreferencestoProjectGutenberg:
1.E.1.Thefollowingsentence,withactivelinksto,orotherimmediate
accessto,thefullProjectGutenbergtmLicensemustappearprominently
wheneveranycopyofaProjectGutenbergtmwork(anyworkonwhichthe
phrase"ProjectGutenberg"appears,orwithwhichthephrase"Project
Gutenberg"isassociated)isaccessed,displayed,performed,viewed,
copiedordistributed:
ThiseBookisfortheuseofanyoneanywhereatnocostandwith
almostnorestrictionswhatsoever.Youmaycopyit,giveitawayor
reuseitunderthetermsoftheProjectGutenbergLicenseincluded
withthiseBookoronlineatwww.gutenberg.net
1.E.2.IfanindividualProjectGutenbergtmelectronicworkisderived
fromthepublicdomain(doesnotcontainanoticeindicatingthatitis
postedwithpermissionofthecopyrightholder),theworkcanbecopied
anddistributedtoanyoneintheUnitedStateswithoutpayinganyfees
orcharges.Ifyouareredistributingorprovidingaccesstoawork
withthephrase"ProjectGutenberg"associatedwithorappearingonthe
work,youmustcomplyeitherwiththerequirementsofparagraphs1.E.1
through1.E.7orobtainpermissionfortheuseoftheworkandthe
ProjectGutenbergtmtrademarkassetforthinparagraphs1.E.8or
1.E.9.
1.E.3.IfanindividualProjectGutenbergtmelectronicworkisposted
withthepermissionofthecopyrightholder,youruseanddistribution
mustcomplywithbothparagraphs1.E.1through1.E.7andanyadditional
termsimposedbythecopyrightholder.Additionaltermswillbelinked
totheProjectGutenbergtmLicenseforallworkspostedwiththe
permissionofthecopyrightholderfoundatthebeginningofthiswork.
1.E.4.DonotunlinkordetachorremovethefullProjectGutenbergtm
Licensetermsfromthiswork,oranyfilescontainingapartofthis
workoranyotherworkassociatedwithProjectGutenbergtm.
1.E.5.Donotcopy,display,perform,distributeorredistributethis
electronicwork,oranypartofthiselectronicwork,without
prominentlydisplayingthesentencesetforthinparagraph1.E.1with
activelinksorimmediateaccesstothefulltermsoftheProject
GutenbergtmLicense.
1.E.6.Youmayconverttoanddistributethisworkinanybinary,
compressed,markedup,nonproprietaryorproprietaryform,includingany
wordprocessingorhypertextform.However,ifyouprovideaccesstoor
distributecopiesofaProjectGutenbergtmworkinaformatotherthan
"PlainVanillaASCII"orotherformatusedintheofficialversion
postedontheofficialProjectGutenbergtmwebsite(www.gutenberg.net),
youmust,atnoadditionalcost,feeorexpensetotheuser,providea
copy,ameansofexportingacopy,orameansofobtainingacopyupon
request,oftheworkinitsoriginal"PlainVanillaASCII"orother
form.AnyalternateformatmustincludethefullProjectGutenbergtm
Licenseasspecifiedinparagraph1.E.1.
1.E.7.Donotchargeafeeforaccessto,viewing,displaying,
performing,copyingordistributinganyProjectGutenbergtmworks
unlessyoucomplywithparagraph1.E.8or1.E.9.
1.E.8.Youmaychargeareasonablefeeforcopiesoforproviding
45/48
22/03/2015
accesstoordistributingProjectGutenbergtmelectronicworksprovided
that
Youpayaroyaltyfeeof20%ofthegrossprofitsyouderivefrom
theuseofProjectGutenbergtmworkscalculatedusingthemethod
youalreadyusetocalculateyourapplicabletaxes.Thefeeis
owedtotheowneroftheProjectGutenbergtmtrademark,buthe
hasagreedtodonateroyaltiesunderthisparagraphtothe
ProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation.Royaltypayments
mustbepaidwithin60daysfollowingeachdateonwhichyou
prepare(orarelegallyrequiredtoprepare)yourperiodictax
returns.Royaltypaymentsshouldbeclearlymarkedassuchand
senttotheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundationatthe
addressspecifiedinSection4,"Informationaboutdonationsto
theProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation."
Youprovideafullrefundofanymoneypaidbyauserwhonotifies
youinwriting(orbyemail)within30daysofreceiptthats/he
doesnotagreetothetermsofthefullProjectGutenbergtm
License.Youmustrequiresuchausertoreturnor
destroyallcopiesoftheworkspossessedinaphysicalmedium
anddiscontinuealluseofandallaccesstoothercopiesof
ProjectGutenbergtmworks.
Youprovide,inaccordancewithparagraph1.F.3,afullrefundofany
moneypaidforaworkorareplacementcopy,ifadefectinthe
electronicworkisdiscoveredandreportedtoyouwithin90days
ofreceiptofthework.
Youcomplywithallothertermsofthisagreementforfree
distributionofProjectGutenbergtmworks.
1.E.9.IfyouwishtochargeafeeordistributeaProjectGutenbergtm
electronicworkorgroupofworksondifferenttermsthanareset
forthinthisagreement,youmustobtainpermissioninwritingfrom
boththeProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundationandMichael
Hart,theowneroftheProjectGutenbergtmtrademark.Contactthe
FoundationassetforthinSection3below.
1.F.
1.F.1.ProjectGutenbergvolunteersandemployeesexpendconsiderable
efforttoidentify,docopyrightresearchon,transcribeandproofread
publicdomainworksincreatingtheProjectGutenbergtm
collection.Despitetheseefforts,ProjectGutenbergtmelectronic
works,andthemediumonwhichtheymaybestored,maycontain
"Defects,"suchas,butnotlimitedto,incomplete,inaccurateor
corruptdata,transcriptionerrors,acopyrightorotherintellectual
propertyinfringement,adefectiveordamageddiskorothermedium,a
computervirus,orcomputercodesthatdamageorcannotbereadby
yourequipment.
1.F.2.LIMITEDWARRANTY,DISCLAIMEROFDAMAGESExceptforthe"Right
ofReplacementorRefund"describedinparagraph1.F.3,theProject
GutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation,theowneroftheProject
Gutenbergtmtrademark,andanyotherpartydistributingaProject
Gutenbergtmelectronicworkunderthisagreement,disclaimall
liabilitytoyoufordamages,costsandexpenses,includinglegal
fees.YOUAGREETHATYOUHAVENOREMEDIESFORNEGLIGENCE,STRICT
LIABILITY,BREACHOFWARRANTYORBREACHOFCONTRACTEXCEPTTHOSE
PROVIDEDINPARAGRAPHF3.YOUAGREETHATTHEFOUNDATION,THE
TRADEMARKOWNER,ANDANYDISTRIBUTORUNDERTHISAGREEMENTWILLNOTBE
LIABLETOYOUFORACTUAL,DIRECT,INDIRECT,CONSEQUENTIAL,PUNITIVEOR
INCIDENTALDAMAGESEVENIFYOUGIVENOTICEOFTHEPOSSIBILITYOFSUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3.LIMITEDRIGHTOFREPLACEMENTORREFUNDIfyoudiscovera
defectinthiselectronicworkwithin90daysofreceivingit,youcan
receivearefundofthemoney(ifany)youpaidforitbysendinga
writtenexplanationtothepersonyoureceivedtheworkfrom.Ifyou
receivedtheworkonaphysicalmedium,youmustreturnthemediumwith
yourwrittenexplanation.Thepersonorentitythatprovidedyouwith
thedefectiveworkmayelecttoprovideareplacementcopyinlieuofa
refund.Ifyoureceivedtheworkelectronically,thepersonorentity
providingittoyoumaychoosetogiveyouasecondopportunityto
receivetheworkelectronicallyinlieuofarefund.Ifthesecondcopy
isalsodefective,youmaydemandarefundinwritingwithoutfurther
opportunitiestofixtheproblem.
1.F.4.Exceptforthelimitedrightofreplacementorrefundsetforth
inparagraph1.F.3,thisworkisprovidedtoyou'ASIS,"WITHNOOTHER
WARRANTIESOFANYKIND,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTO
WARRANTIESOFMERCHANTIBILITYORFITNESSFORANYPURPOSE.
1.F.5.Somestatesdonotallowdisclaimersofcertainimplied
warrantiesortheexclusionorlimitationofcertaintypesofdamages.
Ifanydisclaimerorlimitationsetforthinthisagreementviolatesthe
lawofthestateapplicabletothisagreement,theagreementshallbe
interpretedtomakethemaximumdisclaimerorlimitationpermittedby
theapplicablestatelaw.Theinvalidityorunenforceabilityofany
provisionofthisagreementshallnotvoidtheremainingprovisions.
1.F.6.INDEMNITYYouagreetoindemnifyandholdtheFoundation,the
trademarkowner,anyagentoremployeeoftheFoundation,anyone
providingcopiesofProjectGutenbergtmelectronicworksinaccordance
withthisagreement,andanyvolunteersassociatedwiththeproduction,
promotionanddistributionofProjectGutenbergtmelectronicworks,
harmlessfromallliability,costsandexpenses,includinglegalfees,
thatarisedirectlyorindirectlyfromanyofthefollowingwhichyoudo
orcausetooccur:(a)distributionofthisoranyProjectGutenbergtm
work,(b)alteration,modification,oradditionsordeletionstoany
ProjectGutenbergtmwork,and(c)anyDefectyoucause.
46/48
22/03/2015
Section2.InformationabouttheMissionofProjectGutenbergtm
ProjectGutenbergtmissynonymouswiththefreedistributionof
electronicworksinformatsreadablebythewidestvarietyofcomputers
includingobsolete,old,middleagedandnewcomputers.Itexists
becauseoftheeffortsofhundredsofvolunteersanddonationsfrom
peopleinallwalksoflife.
Volunteersandfinancialsupporttoprovidevolunteerswiththe
assistancetheyneed,iscriticaltoreachingProjectGutenbergtm's
goalsandensuringthattheProjectGutenbergtmcollectionwill
remainfreelyavailableforgenerationstocome.In2001,theProject
GutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundationwascreatedtoprovideasecure
andpermanentfutureforProjectGutenbergtmandfuturegenerations.
TolearnmoreabouttheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation
andhowyoureffortsanddonationscanhelp,seeSections3and4
andtheFoundationwebpageathttp://www.pglaf.org.
Section3.InformationabouttheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchive
Foundation
TheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundationisanonprofit
501(c)(3)educationalcorporationorganizedunderthelawsofthe
stateofMississippiandgrantedtaxexemptstatusbytheInternal
RevenueService.TheFoundation'sEINorfederaltaxidentification
numberis646221541.Its501(c)(3)letterispostedat
http://pglaf.org/fundraising.ContributionstotheProjectGutenberg
LiteraryArchiveFoundationaretaxdeductibletothefullextent
permittedbyU.S.federallawsandyourstate'slaws.
TheFoundation'sprincipalofficeislocatedat4557MelanDr.S.
Fairbanks,AK,99712.,butitsvolunteersandemployeesarescattered
throughoutnumerouslocations.Itsbusinessofficeislocatedat
809North1500West,SaltLakeCity,UT84116,(801)5961887,email
business@pglaf.org.Emailcontactlinksanduptodatecontact
informationcanbefoundattheFoundation'swebsiteandofficial
pageathttp://pglaf.org
Foradditionalcontactinformation:
Dr.GregoryB.Newby
ChiefExecutiveandDirector
gbnewby@pglaf.org
Section4.InformationaboutDonationstotheProjectGutenberg
LiteraryArchiveFoundation
ProjectGutenbergtmdependsuponandcannotsurvivewithoutwide
spreadpublicsupportanddonationstocarryoutitsmissionof
increasingthenumberofpublicdomainandlicensedworksthatcanbe
freelydistributedinmachinereadableformaccessiblebythewidest
arrayofequipmentincludingoutdatedequipment.Manysmalldonations
($1to$5,000)areparticularlyimportanttomaintainingtaxexempt
statuswiththeIRS.
TheFoundationiscommittedtocomplyingwiththelawsregulating
charitiesandcharitabledonationsinall50statesoftheUnited
States.Compliancerequirementsarenotuniformandittakesa
considerableeffort,muchpaperworkandmanyfeestomeetandkeepup
withtheserequirements.Wedonotsolicitdonationsinlocations
wherewehavenotreceivedwrittenconfirmationofcompliance.To
SENDDONATIONSordeterminethestatusofcomplianceforany
particularstatevisithttp://pglaf.org
Whilewecannotanddonotsolicitcontributionsfromstateswherewe
havenotmetthesolicitationrequirements,weknowofnoprohibition
againstacceptingunsoliciteddonationsfromdonorsinsuchstateswho
approachuswithofferstodonate.
Internationaldonationsaregratefullyaccepted,butwecannotmake
anystatementsconcerningtaxtreatmentofdonationsreceivedfrom
outsidetheUnitedStates.U.S.lawsaloneswampoursmallstaff.
PleasechecktheProjectGutenbergWebpagesforcurrentdonation
methodsandaddresses.Donationsareacceptedinanumberofother
waysincludingincludingchecks,onlinepaymentsandcreditcard
donations.Todonate,pleasevisit:http://pglaf.org/donate
Section5.GeneralInformationAboutProjectGutenbergtmelectronic
works.
ProfessorMichaelS.HartistheoriginatoroftheProjectGutenbergtm
conceptofalibraryofelectronicworksthatcouldbefreelyshared
withanyone.Forthirtyyears,heproducedanddistributedProject
GutenbergtmeBookswithonlyaloosenetworkofvolunteersupport.
ProjectGutenbergtmeBooksareoftencreatedfromseveralprinted
editions,allofwhichareconfirmedasPublicDomainintheU.S.
unlessacopyrightnoticeisincluded.Thus,wedonotnecessarily
keepeBooksincompliancewithanyparticularpaperedition.
EacheBookisinasubdirectoryofthesamenumberastheeBook's
eBooknumber,ofteninseveralformatsincludingplainvanillaASCII,
compressed(zipped),HTMLandothers.
CorrectedEDITIONSofoureBooksreplacetheoldfileandtakeover
theoldfilenameandetextnumber.Thereplacedolderfileisrenamed.
VERSIONSbasedonseparatesourcesaretreatedasneweBooksreceiving
newfilenamesandetextnumbers.
MostpeoplestartatourWebsitewhichhasthemainPGsearchfacility:
http://www.gutenberg.net
47/48
22/03/2015
ThisWebsiteincludesinformationaboutProjectGutenbergtm,
includinghowtomakedonationstotheProjectGutenbergLiterary
ArchiveFoundation,howtohelpproduceourneweBooks,andhowto
subscribetoouremailnewslettertohearaboutneweBooks.
EBookspostedpriortoNovember2003,witheBooknumbersBELOW#10000,
arefiledindirectoriesbasedontheirreleasedate.Ifyouwantto
downloadanyoftheseeBooksdirectly,ratherthanusingtheregular
searchsystemyoumayutilizethefollowingaddressesandjust
downloadbytheetextyear.
http://www.gutenberg.net/etext06
(Or/etext05,04,03,02,01,00,99,
98,97,96,95,94,93,92,92,91or90)
EBookspostedsinceNovember2003,withetextnumbersOVER#10000,are
filedinadifferentway.Theyearofareleasedateisnolongerpart
ofthedirectorypath.Thepathisbasedontheetextnumber(whichis
identicaltothefilename).Thepathtothefileismadeupofsingle
digitscorrespondingtoallbutthelastdigitinthefilename.For
exampleaneBookoffilename10234wouldbefoundat:
http://www.gutenberg.net/1/0/2/3/10234
orfilename24689wouldbefoundat:
http://www.gutenberg.net/2/4/6/8/24689
AnalternativemethodoflocatingeBooks:
http://www.gutenberg.net/GUTINDEX.ALL
48/48

The Anatomy of Melancholy

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Anatomy of Melancholy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

22/03/2015

You might also like