Vietnamese

Chng lo u qu
l g?
(What is an anxiety disorder?)

Chng lo u qu l g?
Lo u l mt t dng m t mt cm
gic bnh thng m ngi ta cm nhn
khi b ai e da, khi gp nguy him, hay
khi b cng thng tinh thn. ng s
thng cm thy bc mnh, bn chn, v
cng thng tinh thn trong lc lo u.
Cm gic lo u c th l mt kt qu ca
cc kinh nghim sng, t nh mt vic
lm, quan h v, bnh nng, tai nn
ln, hay ngi thn b cht.
Sng trong nhng hon cnh nh th,
m cm thy lo u l ng ri, c iu
chng ta thng cm thy lo u nh th
trong mt khong thi gian ngn.
Bi v lo u l tm trng rt thng thy,
nn quan trng l ch ta phi phn bit
c gia ni lo u thng tnh, thch
ng vi hon cnh, v cc triu chng
ca chng lo u qu .
Chng lo u qu khng ch l mt cn
bnh m l mt nhm chng bnh, biu
hin bng cm gic lo u qu mc ko
di, tm trng v cng bt rt v tinh
thn cc k cng thng.
C th chn on c ai mc chng
lo u qu , mt khi ni lo u ca ngi
y ln cao, n n c nh hng
nng n n cuc sng hng ngy ca
ngi y, khin cho ng s khng lm
c nhng g h mun lm.
Chng lo u qu l dng thng
thng nht ca loi bnh tm thn, v
lc no cng vy, c trong 20 ngi th
c mt ngi b mc bnh. Ngi ta

thng bt u mc bnh la tui mi

trng thnh, nhng cng c th bt u
vo tui th u hay v sau ny trong
i. Ph n thng d c nhiu ngi
mc chng lo u qu hn phi nam.
Thng th, chng ai hiu chng lo u
qu ny u m ra, nguyn nhn
cn bnh rt l m. C iu khi mc
bnh ngi bnh c nhng cm gic
thc th mnh, t nh th hn hn, hi
hp nh trng ngc.
Nhng triu chng khc bao gm tot m
hi, run ry tay chn, cm gic nght th,
bun nn, bng au, chng mt, cm
gic kim chm, mt t ch v sp cht
hoc c hai.
Chng lo u qu nh hng n li
suy ngh, cm nhn, v c x ca con
ngi. Nu khng c cha tr, ng
s c th cm thy v cng au kh v
bn lon trong cuc sng. May thay,
cha tr chng lo u thng rt hiu
nghim.

Chng lo u qu c
nhng loi chnh yu
no?
C mt s nhng loi lo u qu khc
nhau.

Chng lo u qu khi qut ha.

(Generalised anxiety disorder)
Chng lo u qu khi qut ha
c biu hin bng ni lo u v ,
v l, v kim ta trc nhng chuyn
xy ra hng ngy, t nh sc kho, gia
nh, bn b, tin bc, hay ngh
nghip.

2/6

Ngi mc chng ri lon ny lc no

cng lo u trin min v v l v ni nguy
hi nh hng n h hay nhng ngi
thn yu. Ni lo u ny cn km thm mt
cm gic s st trin min.

Chng hong s c hoc khng i

km vi chng s khong trng.
(Panic disorder with and without
agoraphobia)
Ngi mc chng lo u ny b nhng cn
hong s khng khip trong nhng tnh
hung m phn ng nhng ngi khc
khng s. Nhng cn hong s
thng xut hin cng vi nhng triu
chng lo u rt kh chu trong c th, t
nh cm thy nh b ln cn au tim.
Cng c mi s hi l mnh s b in
hay s rng bnh tim s khin cho
mnh b thit mng hay mt hon ton kh
nng t ch.
Nhng mi s hi ny khin cho mt vi
ngi bt u thy s khong trng,
khin c th nh hng nghim trng n
cuc sng ca h.

S khong trng (Agoraphobia)

Chng phi l mt chng bnh c th,
m l mt phn ca ni lo u qu tiu
biu bng ni s hi ch ny ch n,
hoc trong nhng hon cnh m khi mun
thot ra khi nhng ni , tnh hung
ngi ta c th gp kh khn hay lng
tng. H cn lo s rng khi cn c gip
, th chc cng chng c ai gip mnh.
Ngi mc chng s khong trng
thng s hi trong mt s hon cnh
nh trong cc siu th, trong nhng ca
hiu bch ho, nhng ni ng o
loi, nhng khng gian t tng cht hp,
cc phng tin chuyn tr cng cng,

trong cu thang my, v trn ng xe

chy cao tc.
Ngi mc chng s khong trng c th
thy an tm khi c ngi hay vt an ton
k cnh. Trong trng hp ny, c th l
ngi phi ngu, bn b, th vt cng
chiu, hay thuc men m h mang theo.

Chng hong s c bit (Specific

phobia)
Ai cng c mt vi ni s hi v l, nhng
nhng chng hong s loi ny li l
nhng ni s hi d di. Ngi ta s
nhng s vt/con vt hay tnh hung c
bit no m n nh hng n cuc
sng ca h. Chng hong s loi ny c
th l s ng trn cao, s nc, s ch,
s khng gian t tng, s rn rt, hay s
nhn.
Ai b chng hong s c bit th s thy
tnh b khi con vt/ vt m h s khng
c mt gn . Tuy nhin, khi gp phi
con vt/ vt hay tnh hung m h s,
th h c th ho ra v cng lo lng v ln
cn hong ht.
Ngi b nh hng bi chng hong s
c bit c th lm ht sc mnh trnh
cho bng c nhng tnh hung no
buc h phi i u vi con vt/ vt
hay tnh hung m h s.

Chng s giao thip trong x hi

(Social phobia)
Chng s giao thip trong x hi l ni s
hi mnh lit v dai dng trong nhng tnh
hung giao tip x hi hay x l cng tc.
ng s s nhng ngi khc soi mi
hay phn on tiu cc vic h lm.

3/6

Chng ny c th nh hng rt nhiu

n cuc sng ca ngi v h phi
i ph bng cch trnh tnh hung giao
thip y hay phi rng chu ng m trong
lng v cng kh s.
H c th trnh bt nhng g h lm trc
mt ngi khcc bit l lc n ung,
ni nng, hay vit lch--hoc l ln trnh
khng tip xc vi ngi khc.

Chng ri lon m nh cng bc

(Obsessive compulsive disorder)
Chng lo u qu ny lin h n
nhng tng u u, v thng a
n hu qu l h lm nhng thi tt t m
hng kim ch hay gt b nhng tng
ln vn trong u.
Nhng thi tt ny thng mt th gi v
nh hng nng n n cuc sng hng
ngy. Th d, nhng ngi ny c th
chc chc li phi i ra tay, sot li xem
ca kho cha hay l nng tt
cha, hoc l theo nhng lut l c trnh
t cht ch.
Ngi mc chng bnh m nh cng
bc thng cc k xu h v gi b mt
nhng thi tt ca h, ngay c i vi
ngi trong gia nh.

Ri lon cng thng hu chn

thng. (Post traumatic stress
disorder)
Ngi b chn thng nng, nh trong
chin tranh, tra tn, tai nn xe c, chy
nh, hay b hnh hung c th vn cn cm
thy hong s mt thi gian lu sau khi tai
bin y ht. Khng phi ai b chn
thng cng tri qua chng ri lon cng
thng hu chn thng (gi tt theo ting
Anh l (PTSD).

Ngi mc chng (PTSD)nh sng li

nhiu ln tai bin au thng qua
nhng k c au kh, lng vng trong
u, t nh nhng cn c mng hay
nhng on hi tng. Nhng on hi
tng ny thng c gi li do cc
yu t khi mo gn lin vi kinh nghim
m ngi c trnh i. Tr nn lnh
cm l mt c tnh ca chng (PTSD).

Nhng chng bnh tm thn xy ra

ng thi (Co-occuring mental
health problems)
Ngi mc chng lo u qu thng c
th mc mt chng khc na, v cng
cn b trm cm na. Mun bit thm chi
tit v chng trm cm, hy c tp ti
liu: Chng trm cm l g?
Dng ru v cht ma ty khc c hi
thng i i vi cc chng lo u. iu
ny khin cho vic cha tr thm phc tp,
v iu quan trng l phi x tr hiu qu
vic dng ru v cht ma ty khc.

Nguyn nhn g gy ra
chng lo u qu ?
C nhiu yu t tng tc kt hp vi
chng lo u qu . Nhng nguyn nhn
gy ra mt mi lo u qu c th no
khng ging nhau, v khng phi lc no
cng d xc nh nguyn nhn trong mi
ca bnh.

Cc yu t di truyn
Ngi ta xc lp c r rng l
khuynh hng mc chng lo u qu
lu truyn trong gia nh. iu ny cng
ging nh bm cht ca cc cn bnh
khc, nh bnh tiu ng hoc bnh
tim.

4/6

Ngi ta c th hc bit c nhng

phn ng lo u t cha m hay nhng
ngi khc trong gia nh.

Cc yu t sinh ho
Mt vi chng lo u qu c th phn
no l do s mt qun bnh ho cht trong
no b. Cht dn truyn xung ng thn
kinh iu hnh cm xc v nhng phn
ng ca c th c th cng d phn vo
chuyn ny.

Tnh kh
Ngi c mt s tnh kh no thng
c khuynh hng d mc chng lo u
qu hn. Ngi d b xo ng, bc
mnh, d nhy cm v xc ng, th
thng d mc chng lo u qu hn.
Ngi no khi cn nh c tnh nht nht
v hay mc c c th d mc mt s
chng lo u qu no , t nh s giao
thip trong x hi.

Phn ng do thu nhn c

C nhng ngi sng trong nhng hon
cnh, sng chung vi ngi hay vi vt
m chng gy cho h bc mnh hoc lo
u th c th mc chng phn ng lo u.
Phn ng ny c th c ti khi ng
khi gp phi hay li ngh v hon cnh ,
ngi y, hay vt y.

Cng thng tinh thn

Nhng kinh nghim cuc sng y cng
thng c lin h n vic mc phi mt vi
chng bnh lo u qu , c bit l
chng ri lon thn kinh hu chn
thng.

Hin c phng cch

cha tr g?
Cc chng lo u qu c th c cha
tr hiu qu. Mc d mi chng lo u u
c nhng c tnh ring ca n, nhng
phn ln rt c hiu nghim i vi nhng
cha tr v tm l hay bng thuc men
hoc c hai.
Nhng cch cha tr phi hp c tm l tr
liu vi thuc men thng c kt qu di
hn tt hn.
Cc cch cha tr hiu nghim chng lo
u qu gm c nh sau:
Cc Tr liu tm l, t nh Liu php
Nhn thc Hnh vi (CBT), nhm vo
vic thay i li suy ngh, hnh vi, v
nim tin m chng c th gy ra ni lo
u. Phng php tr liu c th cng
dn dn a ngi ta vo nhng hon
cnh sinh ra chng lo u (kh s nhy
cm).
X tr ni lo u v k thut th gin.

Thuc tr trm cm ng mt vai tr

quan trng trong vic cha tr mt vi
cn bnh lo u qu cng nh cha
tr bnh trm cm lin h v tim n.
Thuc men tr lo u c nh hng c
bit n h thng cht dn truyn xung
ng thn kinh trong no b i khi c
hu ch. Thuc men s khng cha
lnh c chng lo u qu nhng
chng c th khng ch c cc triu
chng trong khi ngi y c cha tr
v mt tm l.
Gia nh v bn b ca ngi mc chng
lo u qu c th thng cm thy bi
ri v au kh. V th, mt phn quan
trng trong vic cha tr l vic h tr v
gio dc, cng nh to mi hiu bit su
sc hn trong dn chng.

5/6

i iu v tp ti liu
ny

Tm ni no tr gip
Bc s gia nh ca qu v
Trung tm y t cng ng ca qu v
Trung tm y t cng ng v tm thn
ca qu v

Tp ti liu ny l mt phn trong mt b

ti liu v bnh tm thn do Chnh ph
c-i-li ti tr thng qua Sch lc
Quc gia v Y t Tm thn (National
Mental Health Strategy).

Mun bit thm chi tit v cc dch v, xin

hi Dch v Phc li v Tr gip Cng
ng (Community Help and Welfare
Services) v cc s in thoi khn trc
24 ting c trong cun in thoi nin
gim a phng ca qu v.

Cc tp ti liu khc trong b ny bao

gm:
Bnh tm thn l g?
Chng lon tm thn hng-trm cm
l g?
Chng trm cm l g?
Chng ri lon v n ung l g?
Chng ri lon nhn cch l g?
Bnh tm thn phn lit l g?

Nu qu v cn thng dch vin, xin lin

lc S Thng dch qua in thoi TIS
s 13 14 50
Mun c tr gip tham vn tc th, xin
lin lc ng dy in thoi Mch sng
(Lifeline) qua s 13 11 14. ng dy
Mch sng ny c th cng cung cp cho
ta nhng mi lin lc, thm thng tin v
tr gip.
Thng tin hng dn thm hin c ti:

Tt c cc bn ti liu min ph ny u
hin c qua Y t Tm thn v Lc lng
Lao ng Phn ban ca Chnh Ph ci-li B Y t v Cao nin

www.mmha.org.au
www.beyondblue.org.au
www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au
www.adavic.org.au
www.crufad.com
www.ranzcp.org
www.sane.org

Mental Health and Workforce Division of

the Australian Government Department
of Health and Ageing
GPO Box 9848
CANBERRA ACT 2601
in thoi
1800 066 247
in th
1800 634 400
www.health.gov.au/mentalhealth
Mun c cc bn ti liu bng nhng
ngn ng khc xin lin lc C quan Y t
Tm thn a Vn ha c i Li
(Multicultural Mental Health Australia)
S in thoi (02) 9840 3333

Insert your local details here

MMHA Website: www.mmha.org.au

Version 1 November 2007

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