ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE SERIES

Electrical Reaction

Au3+
Pt2+
Pd2+
Hg2+
Ag1+
Hg22+
Cu1+
Cu2+
2H+
Pb2+
Sn2+
Mo3+
Ni2+
Co2+
Ti1+
In3+
Cd2+
Fe2+
Ga3+
Cr3+
Cr2+
Zn2+
Nb2+
Mn2+
Zr+4
Ti2+
Al3+
Hf4+
U3+
Be2+
Mg2+
Na1+
Ca2+
K1+
Li1+

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3e- <=> Au
2e- <=> Pt
2e- <=> Pd
2e- <=> Hg
1e- <=> Ag
2e- <=> 2 Hg
1e- <=> Cu
2e- <=> Cu
2e- <=> H2
2e- <=> Pb
2e- <=> Sn
3e- <=> Mo
2e- <=> Ni
2e- <=> Co
1e- <=> Ti
3e- <=> In
2e- <=> Cd
2e- <=> Fe
3e- <=> Ga
3e- <=> Cr
2e- <=> Cr
2e- <=> Zn
2e- <=> Nb
2e- <=> Mn
4e- <=> Zr
2e- <=> Ti
3e- <=> Al
4e- <=> Hf
3e- <=> U
2e- <=> Be
2e- <=> Mg
1e- <=> Na
2e- <=> Ca
1e- <=> K
1e- <=> Li

Standard Potensial
In EoVolt at 25o C

+1,500
+1,200
+0,987
+0,854
+0,800
+0,789
+0,521
+0,337
0,000
-0,126
-0,136
-0,200
-0,250
-0,277
-0,336
-0,342
-0,403
-0,440
-0,530
-0,740
-0,744
-0,763
-1,100
-1,180
-1,530
-1,630
-1,660
-1,700
-1,800
-1,850
-2,370
-2,710
-2,870
-2,930
-3,050