TITLE: CLEANER PRODUCTION IN CLINICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1

Introduction

1.2

Background of Study

1.3

Scope of Study

1.4

Problem Statement

1.5

Objective of Study

CHAPTER 2 CLINICAL WASTE

2.1

Definition of Clinical Waste

2.2

Types of Clinical Waste

2.3

2.2.1

Human Blood and Blood Product

2.2.2

Cultures and Stocks of Infectious Agents

2.2.3

Pathological Wastes

2.2.4

Contaminated Sharps

2.2.5

Contaminated Laboratory Wastes

2.2.6

Contaminated Wastes from Patient Care

2.2.7

Discarded Biologicals

2.2.8

Contaminated Equipment

2.2.9

Miscellaneous Infectious Wastes

Clinical Waste Management

2.3.1

Management Plan

2.3.2

Identification

2.3.3

Segregation, Containment, and Labeling

2.3.4

Storage

2.4

2.3.5

Treatment

2.3.6

Transportation

2.3.7

Record Keeping

2.3.8

Staff Training

Clinical Waste Laws and Regulations

CHAPTER 3 CLEANER PRODUCTION FOR HOSPITALS

3.1

Definition of Cleaner Production

3.2

Key Steps for the Implementation of Cleaner Production Options

3.3

Examples of Cleaner Production Options

3.3.1

Management Initiatives

3.3.2

Materials

3.3.3

Water

3.3.4

Energy

CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY
4.1

Site Visit

4.2

Interview

4.3

Secondary Data Collection

CHAPTER 5 - CASE STUDIES

5.1

5.2

5.3

Clinical Waste Management in Concession Company

5.1.1

Faber Medi-Serve Sdn. Bhd.(FMS)

5.1.2

Radicare (M) Sdn. Bhd. (RMSB)

5.1.3

Medivest Sdn. Bhd (MSB)

Clinical Waste Management in Malaysia

5.2.1

Tengku Ampuan Rahimah (TAR), Selangor

5.2.2

Teluk Intan Hospital (TIH), Perak

Clinical Waste Management in Other Countries

5.3.1

Hutt Valley Health Corporation Ltd

5.3.2

Southern Cross Healthcare

5.3.3

Pharmaceutical Industries in Pakistan

CHAPTER 6 - CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1

Conclusion

6.2

Recommendation

REFERENCES
APPENDICES