k[i7e"ld

k|ltJolQm s"n cfo @)) cd]/LsL 8n/ dfq /x]sf] g]kfndf blIf0f Pl;ofsf] g} ;a}eGbf sd / 5l/Psf]
;8s hfnf] /x]sf] 5 . b]zsf ()% hgtf u|fdL0f If]qdf j;f]jf; ub{5g\ / s[lif g} oxfFsf] d'Vo k]zf /x]sf]
5 . To;}n] s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; ljgf b]zsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; c;+ej 5. b]zsf lk5l8Psf
u|fdL0f If]qdf s[lifsf] nflu cfjZos j:t'x? pGgt ljp tyf k|ljlwsf] kx'Frsf] lgldQ kof{Kt ;8s
lgdf{0f x'g' ckl/xfo{ 5 .
gjf}+ k~r jifL{o of]hgfn] hgzlQm tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; h:tf sfo{qmdx?sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f g} :yfgLo
;d'bfonfO{ ljsf; sfo{df ;xefuL u/fO{ u/LaL lgjf/0f ug]{ dfWod xf] eGg] lgSof}{n u/]sf]] 5 . bL3{sfnLg
s[lif of]hgf cg';f/ of]hgf cjlwe/df jt{dfgsf] ^ ls=dL= k|lt !)) ju{ ls=dL= sf] ;8s 3gTj
l:yltaf6 !! ls=dL= k|lt !)) ju{ ls=dL+= k'ofpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
xfn g]kfndf !$))) ls=dL= u|fdL0f ;8s ;+hfn -df]6/ u'8\g ;Sg] :yfgLo af6f]_ ljBdfg 5 . oL u|fdL0f
;8sn] lhNNff ;b/d'sfd /fli6o ;8s k|0ffnLl;t hf]l8O;s]sf %* lhNnfx?sf u|fdL0f If]qx?df ;]jf
k'ofPsf 5g\ . o; afx]s /fli6o dxTjk"0f{ ;8s k|0ffnL / zx/L ;8s k|0ffnL u/L s"n ^^)) ls=dL=
;8s 5 . o;/L g]kfndf s"n @)^)) ls=dL= ;8s -kfO{ rf6{ x]g'{xf];\_ /x]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L g]kfnsf]
ljBdfg ;8s 3gTj !$ ls=dL= k|lt !)) ju{ ls=dL= b]lvG5 h'g bL3{ sfnLg s[lif of]hgfsf] nIosf]
t'ngfdf cfZro{hgs b]lvG5 . pko'{St ;8s cfFs8f cg';f/ lhNnf ;b/d'sfd /fli6o dxTjk"0f{ ;8s
k|0ffnLl;t hf]l8O;s]sf lhNnfx?df s[lif bL3{sfnLg of]hgfsf] nIo;Fu t'ngf ubf{ clxn] g} k|z:t u|fdL0f
;8sx? lgdf{0f eO;s]sf b]lvg cfpF5g\ !
/fli6o ; 8s h fn f]s f] ; 8s k|0 ffn Lut ljj/0f
s"n nDafO{ @),^)) ls=dL=

23%

68 %

9%

/fli6o dxTjk"0 f{ ;8s k|0 ffnL

zx/L ;8s k|0 ffnL
u|f dL0f ;8s k|0 ffnL

ljutdf ;8s lgdf{0fdf, vf;u/L u|fdL0f ;8s lgdf{0fdf, oy]i6 dfqfdf nufgL ul/Psf] ePtf klg ljgf
cWoogsf] nufgL, pko'St k|fljlws ;xof]u ljgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ tyf tby{ lgdf{0f k|ljlwsf sf/0f lgld{t
;8sx? :t/Lo x'g g;Sbf b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;df ck]Iffs[t pknlAw xfl;n x'g ;s]g . lgld{t
;8sx?sf] dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{ ug'{sf] ;f gofF gofF ;8sx? vf]lng] sfo{ dfq k|fyldstfdf kg'{, pknAw
cfly{s >f]tnfO{ ;'lgof]lht tj/af6 lgdf{0fdf nufgL ul/g'sf] ;f xr'jf 9+un] ljt/0f ul/g', lgld{t
;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/df nufgL sd x'g', dd{t ;+ef/k|lt hgrf;f] sd x'g', k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] cefj Pj+
pko'St ;f+u7lgs tyf sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] sdL h:tf s'/fx? o; l:yltsf nflu sf/s tTj aGg k'u]sf
5g\ .
c:yL/ ef}uf]lns agf]6, ljifd xfjfkfgL tyf clwsf+; kq] rfgsf 7f8f kxf8x?sf sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfn
k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] b[li6df clt ;+j]bgzLn If]q x'g uPsf] 5 . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf dfly pNn]v eP
cg';f/sf sf/0fn] lgDg:t/sf lgdf{0f x'g k'u]sf ;8sx? dfq geO{ k"0f{ u'0f:t/Lo ;8sx? g} klg
1

af/Daf/ e"Ifo, gbL s6fg, h:tf ;d:ofx?af6 u|:t aGb5g\ . tLj| gbLsf] axfjl;t cfoftLt b'+uf tyf
luLx?n] k'nk'n];fx? cj?4 x'g uO{ sltko ;+/rgfx? g} aUg] / ;8ssf] :j?k g} gi6 x'g] kl/l:ylt klg
l;h{gf x'G5 .
ljBdfg u|fdL0f ;8sx?dWo] s/La *% k|ltzt df6] ;8s dfq 5g\ / k|foM ;'Vvfofddf dfq ;+rfng x'g
;Sg] l:yltsf 5g\ . ;j{ofd u|fdL0f df6] ;8sx? -All Weather Earthen Roads_ jif{fofddf ;d]t uf8L
;+rfngsf] lgldQ k|ltalGwt gul/Fbf a9L gf]S;fgLsf df/df kb{5g\ . kmn:j?k 5f]6f] 5f]6f] cjlwsf]
cGt/fndf g} dd{t ul//xg' kg]{ x'g uO{ dd{t ;+ef/df a9L vrL{nf] x'g uPsf 5g\ eg] sltko ;8sx?
cyf{efjsf] sf/0fn] dd{t ;+ef/sf] kIfaf6 k"0f{ ?kdf pk]lIft 5g\ . kl/0ffd:j?k dd{t ;+ef/sf] sfo{
nuftf/ yfFtLdf /xg uO{ xfn ljBdfg u|fdL0f ;8ssf] hfnf]af6 cfjZos ;]jf lng g;lsg] kl/l:ylt
l;h{gf x'Fb}5 .
ljut s]xL jif{b]lv >L % sf] ;/sf/n] Ans u|f06 (Block Grant) cyjf k|f]u|fd u|f06 (Program Grant)
sf] ?kdf :yfgLo lgsfo dfkm{t pNn]vgLo /sd :yfgLo:t/sf] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df vr{ ug]{ u/]sf] 5
h;sf] w]/} c+z u|fdL0f ;8s lgdf{0fdf nufgL x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5. o;sf ;fy} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] u|fdL0f
;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/df klg 7"nf] /flz nufgL ub{5 . tfnLsf g+= ! n] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ljleGg
lhNnfx?nfO{ Ans u|f06 cGtu{t 5'ofPsf] /sdsf] emns k|:t't ub{5 . -lhNnfut lj:t[t ljj/0fsf] nflu
cg';"lr @ x]g'{xf]nf_
tfnLsf g+= !

ljleGg Ans u|f06 ljlgof]hgsf] jt{dfg l:ylt

cf=j=

jflif{s ljlgof]hg -?= nfvdf_

u|fdL0f ;8s
cGo Ans u|f06
s"n lhNnf Ans u|f06
@)%#%$
!,&^#
#,(*$
%,&$&
@)%$%%
!,&^#
$,$*(
^,@%@
@)%%%^
!,&^#
$,%$)
^,#)#
ljleGg k|of;x?sf] jfjh"b dfly pNn]lvt ljleGg sl7gfO{x?sf sf/0f u|fdL0f ;8s hfnf]af6 ck]lIft
pknlAw xfl;n x'g ;s]sf]] 5}g . o; kl/l:yltsf] cGTo ug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] uf|dL0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf]
/fli6o /0fgLlt, @)%$ tof/ kf/L sfof{Gjogdf NofO;s]sf] 5 . /0fgLlt cg';f/ u|fdL0f ;8ssf] ljsf;
tyf dd{t ;+ef/sf] Joj:yfkgsf] lgldQ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cGtu{t :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf
s[lif ;8s ljefu u7g e} ;+rfng eO;s]sf] 5 .
o;} k[i7e"lddf ;8s dd{t ;+ef/sf] k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ug{sf] nflu tyf pknAw cfly{s >f]tx?sf]
;b'kof]u, cGo pknAw >f]tx?sf] ;xL afF8kmFf8, cfjZos k|fljlws bIftfsf] clej[l4 h:tf kIfnfO{
;dflji6 u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/n] of] u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ /fli6o of]hgf (National Plan for Rural
Road Maintenance) sf] k|f?k tof/ kf/]sf] 5 .

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ kl/ro

;8s lgdf{0fdf 7"nf] k"Flhut nufgLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . To;}n] ;jf/L ;+rfng nfutdf k|efjsf/L ?kdf
sdL Nofpg, ;8ssf] :t/f;sf] ultnfO{ Go"gLs/0f u/L ;8ssf] cfo' nDAofpg / ;'/lIft tyf e/kbf]{
oftfoft ;]jfsf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg cfjZostf cg';f/ pko'St dd{t ;+ef/sf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
;8s dd{t ;+ef/ zAbn] e/kbf]{ / ;'/lIft oftfoft ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] b[li6sf]0fn] ;8s / To;l;t
cfjl2t ;+/rgfx?, k'nk'n];f (cross drainages) tyf cGo pknAw ;'ljwfsf ;fwgx?nfO{ ;'/lIft tyf
u'0f:t/o'Qm cj:yfdf /fVg' eGg] hgfpF5 .

@=!

u|fdL0f ;8s kl/efiff

of] dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfosf] clwsf/leq /x]sf] / :yfgLo lgsfoaf6}
;+rfng Pj+ dd{t ;+ef/ ul/g] df]6/ u'8\g of]Uo ;8s (motorable road), s[lif ;8s cyjf 6\ofsnfO{
u|fdL0f ;8s dflgg] 5 . u|fdL0f ;8s df6], v08fl:dy (WBM or Gravelled road) cyjf sfnf]kq]
x'g;Sg] 5g\ . o;leq gu/kflnsf, pkgu/kflnsf tyf dxfgu/kflnsf leqsf zx/L ;8sx? ;dfj]z
x'g]5}gg\ . ;fy} lhNnfleqsf :yfgLo lgsfo afx]s cGo lgsfo -;8s ljefu, l;+rfO ljefu, ljB't
k|flws/0f, zfxL g]kfnL ;}lgs cflb_ n] agfPsf ;8sx? :yfgLo lgsfodf x:tfGtl/t geP;Dd u|fdL0f
;8sleq kg]{ 5}gg\ .

@=@

u|fdL0f ;8ssf] juL{s/0f

u|fdL0f ;8snfO{ lgDg cg';f/ juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

s_ ;]jf;'ljwfsf] cfwf/df
;j{ofd ;8s -jif{el/ ;+rfng x'g ;Sg] All weather roads_
;'Svfofd ;8s -lxpFbdf dfq ;+rfng x'g ;Sg] Fair weather roads_
v_ ;8s ;txsf] cfwf/df

df6] ;8s (Earthern Roads)

v08fl:dy ;8s (Gravelled Roads)

sfnf]kq] ;8s (Blacktopped Roads)
u_ dxTjsf] cfwf/df
s ju { (lhNnf ;8s jf k|d'v u|fdL0f ;8s Main Rural Roads)
v ju{ (ufpF ;8s Village Roads)

@=#

dd{t ;+ef/sf] cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t u|fdL0f ;8ssf] juL{s/0f

dd{t ;+ef/sf] vfFrf] cg'?k u|fdL0f ;8sx? lgDg cg';f/sf ju{leq kg{ ;Sg]5g\ .
!_ dd{t ;+ef/ of]Uo ;8s (maintainable roads) OlGhgLol/+u dfkb08 cg';f/ lgdf{0f ePsf
u|fdL0f ;8s .
s_ lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/ (Routine Maintenance) ;8snfO{ lg/Gt/ b'?:t cj:yfdf /fVg
cfjZos kg]{; ;fdfGo vr{ nfUg] .
v_ cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/ (Periodic Maintenance) lglZrt ;dofGt/df ul/g] d'Vo d'Vo
dd{t ;+ef/sf] sfo{{; pNn]vgLo nfut nfUg] h'g, s'/f slt k6s dd{t ;+ef/ ug'{ kb{5 eGg]
s'/fdf lge{/ ub{5 .
u_ k'gM:yfkgf (Rehabilitation) lgoldt tyf cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/af6 klg ;8snfO{ lg/Gt/
b'?:t cj:yfdf /fVg g;lsg] b]lvPdf ul/g] dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{; 7"nf] nufgL / k|oTg cfjZos
kg;]{ k'gM l8hfOg (redesinging), k'gM /]vfg (realignment), k''gM lgdf{0f
(reconstruction) tyf :t/f]GgtLs/0f (upgrading) cfjZos kg{ ;Sg] .
@_ dd{t ;+ef/ ug{ cof]Uo ;8s (non-maintainable roads) ckl/kSj lgdf{0f k|ljlw k|of]u u/L
OlGhgLol/ :6\of088{ ;d]t gckgfO{ xr'jf 9+udf lgdf{0f ePsf ;8sx? ; k'gM:yfkgf u/]/ rfn'
cj:yfdf Nofpg g;lsg]; gofF ;8s lgdf{0f ;/x nufgL / d]xgt cfjZos kg]{ .

@=$

dd{t ;+ef/sf p2]Zo

cGo k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{df h:tf] ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{n] ;8ssf] cfo' c;Lldt ?kdf nDAofpg v]flhPsf]
x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f a'g' cfjZos 5 . ;8s dd{t ;+ef/sf] p2]Zo sfn tyf pkof]uf/f x'g] ;8s:t/f;
(deterioration) sf] bf]xf]/f] c;/nfO{ sd u/L ;8snfO{ pkof]uL tyf pkef]Uo cj:yfdf /fVg' xf] .
OlGhgLol/ b[li6sf]0faf6 u|fdL0f ;8ssf] hLjgsfndf lgDg tLg k|sf/sf dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{ cfjZos kb{5g\.
lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/ (rutine maintenance)
cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/ (periodic maintenance)
k'gM:yfkgf (rehabilitation)
ljBdfg xfjfkfgL, ;jf/L;fwgsf] k|sf/ tyf 3gTj / ;8ssf] lgdf{0f u'0f:t/ (original quality of
construction) n] oL tLg} k|sf/sf ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] pko'St ;do lgwf{/0f ub{5g\ . dd{t ;+ef/sf]
s] s:tf lqmofsnfk cfjZos kb{5 eGg] s'/f ;8s ;txsf] lsl;ddf e/ kb{5 .

@=%

ljleGg dd{t ;+ef/sf clwsf/ If]q (Scope)

lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/ (Routine Maintenance)

lgoldt ?kdf ul/g'kg]{ ;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{x? h;sf] k"0f{ cg'dfg tyf n]vfhf]vf ug{
;lsGg To:tf sfo{ lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/ leq kb{5g\ . ;8snfO{ pko'St :j?kdf /fVg / :t/f; x'gaf6
arfO{ /fVg ul/g] sfo{x? o;leq kb{5g\ . ;fwf/0ftof o;df bIf hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf kb}{g . lgoldt
dd{t ;+ef/leq lgDg sfo{x? kg{ ;Sg]5g\M
! ;'/Iff hfFr tyf cj/f]w x6fpg]
4

! sNe6{ tyf k'nx? ;kmf ug]{

! ;fO8 8]g (Side Drain) ;kmf ug]{
! ;8ssf aLrdf k/]sf vfN8fx? k'g]{ sfo{
! ;8s lsgf/ sfF65fF6 (Trim) ug]{
! ;jf/L rNg] efu (Carriage Way) sf] l/;]lk (Reshaping) ug]{
! 3fF; s6fgL, emf8L kmF8fgL tyf xfFuf s6fgL ug]{
! ;8s lrGx (Road Sign) sf] dd{t ;+ef/ ug]{
! o:t} k|sf/sf cGo ;;fgf sfo{x? cflb .
cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/ (Periodic Maintenance)
lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{af6 dfq ;8snfO{ b'?:t cj:yfdf /fVg ;Fw} ;+ej gx'g] / kl/df0fTds ?kn]
a9L sfo{ ug'{kg]{ k|s[ltsf dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{x? cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/ cGtu{t kb{5g\ . o;df bIf
hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf kg'[{sf ;fy} cfjZos sfo{ef/ osLg ug{ / sfo{kl/df0f cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
lgDg sfo{x? cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/leq kg{ ;Sg]5g\ .
! df6] tyf v08fl:dy ;8ssf] xsdf nfdf] b"/Ldf ;8s ;txsf] l/SofDal/ (recambering) tyf
l/u|]l8 (regrading) ug]{ sfo{
! k'gMu|]eln (regravelling) ug]{ sfo{
! sfnf]kq] ;8ssf] xsdf ;8ssf] ;jf/L rNg] efu (carriage way) sf] ;tx ;'wf/, l/l;ln
(resealing) h:tf sfo{
! dWod jf 7"nf] kl/df0fsf] klx/f] x6fpg] / klx/faf6 hf]ufpg] vfnsf sfo{x?
! ;8s lsgf/sf uf8{jfnx? (guardwall), Kof/fk]6 (parapet), k'n sne6{sf /]ln ;'wf/ ug]{ jf
k'gMlgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{
! ;fgf vfnsf gbL lgoGq0fsf ;+/rgfx? (river training structures) sf] lgdf{0f sfo{
! ;'Svf 9'+u] (dry stone masonry), O+f (brick masonry) sf cyjf Uofljog (gabion) 6]jf
kvf{nx? (retaining wall) sf] dd{t ;'wf/ tyf k'gM:yfkgf sfo{
! ;8s bfofF afoFf gz{/L, ?vlj?jf /f]Kg], 3fF;kft tyf cgo pko'Qm jg:klt nufpg] sfo{ cflb .
lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/sf sfo{x? lgoldt ?kdf ;+kfbg ug{ ;lsPdf dfly pNn]lvt cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/
sfo{x?sf w]/} h;f] lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ 36fpg ;lsG5 .
cfsl:ds ?kdf ug'{ kg]{ -k|fs[lts k|sf]k jf b'3{6gfaf6 l;lh{t_ dd{t ;'wf/sf sfo{x? klg cfjlws dd{t
;+ef/ cGtu{t g} kg]{5g\ .
k'gM:yfkgf (Rehabilitation)
nuftf/ k|of]usf sf/0f ;8snfO{ lgoldt tyf cfjlws ?kdf dd{t ;+ef/ ubf{ ub}{ klg{ cfjZos
u'0f:t/sf] l:yltdf /flv/xg c;+ej x'g ;S5 . lg/Gt/sf] cTolws pkof]u / k|fs[lts k|sf]k jf b'3{6gfsf]
sf/0faf6 ;8s:t/ sd x'g ;St5 / ;8ssf] k'gMl8hfOlg+u (redesigning), k'gM/]vfg

(realignment), h:tf sfo{x? ug'{kg]{ l:ylt klg cfpg ;St5 . o:tf vfnsf sfo{nfO{ ;8s
k'gM:yfkgfsf] sfo{ elgG5 . lgDg sfo{x? ;8s k'gM:yfkgfleq kg{ ;Sg]5g\ .

! nfdf] b"/Ldf ug'{kg]{ carriage way k'gMlgdf{0f sfo{

! ;8ssf cGo ;+/rgf? (structures) sf] k'gMlgdf{0f (reconstruction) /cyjf yk lgdf{0f sfo{
! :nf]k ;+/If0f ;+/rgfx? (slope protection structures) sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f /cyjf lgdf{0f sfo{
! ;8ssf] HofldtLo dfkb08 (geometric standard) sf] ;'wf/ sfo{
! ;8s ;txsf] :t/f]Gglt (upgrading) sf] sfo{ cflb .

@=^

;8s dd{t ;+ef/sf] k|lt O{sfO{ nfut (Indicative Unit Cost)

;8ssf] :t/f; (deterioation) x'g'df ;jf/L :t/, ;fwgsf k|sf/, lgld{t ;8ssf] z'?sf] ;tx,
:yfgLo hnjfo' tyf jftfj/0fdf lge{/ ub{5 . To:t} slt lgoldt jf :t/Lo dd{t ;+e/ sfo{ ljutdf
eP o;df klg dd{t ;+ef/sf] nfut e/ kg]{ x'G5 . t;y{ ;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/df nfUg] vr{ lgDg
s'/fx?df lge{/ /xG5 .
! ;8s ;tx (road surface) tyf ;+/rgf?sf] :t/f;sf] tx(level of deterioration)
! dd{t ;+ef/ k|ljlw
! z'? lgdf{0f cj:yfsf] l8hfOg / lgdf{0f k|ljlwsf] :t/
! cfjZos lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] nfut
! k|rlnt ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ Joj:yfkg k|lqmof
o;/L dd{t ;+ef/sf] k|lt O{sfO{ nfut osLg ug]{ lgs} s7Lg x'g] b]lvG5 . t/ ljQLo of]hgf tyf jf:tljs
/sd ljlgof]hg ug]{ sfo{sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgoldt, cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/ tyf k'gM:yfkgf zLif{ssf ;+ef/
sfo{sf nflu lgDg cg';f/sf k|lt O{sfO{ nfut k|of]u ul/Psf 5g\ . -tfnLsf @-s_ / @-v_ x]g'{;\_
k|lt O{sfO{ nfut u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] /fli6o /0fgLlt cg'?ksf ;3g >dd"ns, :yfgLo >f]td'vL tyf
jftfj/0f ;'xfpFbf] lgdf{0f k|ljlw k|of]u x'g] cg'dfgdf cfwfl/t 5g\ .
tfnLsf @-s_
;8ssf] k|sf/
df6] ;8s
v08fl:dy ;8s
sfnf]kq] ;8s
tfnLsf @-v_

dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|lt O{sfO{ nfut

dd{t ;+ef/sf] k|lt O{sfO{
lgoldt
!$,))) -@))_
@!,))) -#))_
$@,))) -^))_

dd{t ;+ef/sf] cfj[lQ (Fequency of Maintenance)

;8ssf] k|sf/
df6]
v08fl:dy
sfnf]kq]

nfut g]=?=-US$_ ls=dL=

cfjlws
k'gM:yfkgf
!)),))) -!,%))_
#)),))) -$,%))_
!%),))) -@,@%)_
^)),))) -(,)))_
#)),))) -$,%))_
!,@)),)))-!*,)))_

dd{t ;+ef/sf] cfj[lQ

cfjlws
@ jif{df Ps k6s
# jif{df Ps k6s
% jif{df Ps k6s

lgoldt
k|To]s jif{
k|To]s jif{
k|To]s jif{
6

k'gM:yfkgf
cfjZostf cg'?k
cfjZostf cg'?k
cfjZostf cg'?k

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf

ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6x?df ul/Psf cWoogaf6 u|fdL0f ;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/df ul/Psf] nufgLaf6 pNn]vgLo
k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g ;Sg] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . dd{t ;+ef/df ul/Psf] nufgLaf6 k'gMu|]eln (regravelling)
ug]{ sfo{df !&% b]lv lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/df &$% ;Dd cfGtl/s k|ltkmn b/sf] pknlAw (internal
rate of return) k|fKt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . log} tYonfO{ bod u/L b|"t ultdf lg/Gt/ ylk+b} uO/x]sf]
u|fdL0f ;8s;+hfnsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ nIon] >L % sf] ;/sf/n] u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/df nufgL ug]{ gLlt
lnOPsf] 5 .
;8s dd{t sfo{df ;xefuL x'g] lgsfox?sf] ;xeflutfTds nufgL Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug]{, :yfgLo
lgsfox?df pko'St tyf k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg 9fFrf v8f ug{], dd{t ;+ef/ k|lqmof ;+rfngsf] k"0f{ :j?k
kl/eflift ug]{ o; dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgfsf] d'Vo Wo]o /x]sf]5 .
o; dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 lgDg c;/x? b]vf kg]{ cfzf ul/Psf] 5 .
! oftfoft vr{df Go"gLs/0f / ;8s k|of]udf j[l4
! pTkflbt j:t'sf] pTkfbg :ynsf] j:t'd"No (farm gate price) df j[l4
! s[lif pTkfbg tyf pTkfbg ;3gtf (cropping intensity) df a9f]Q/L
! s[lif;fdu|Lx?sf] d"Nodf sdL
! ;8s dd{t ;+ef/sf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] Ifdtfdf j[l4
! ;]jf;'ljwf, ;'/Iff tyf e/kbf]{kgfdf j[l4 .

#=!

clw/fHosf] u|fdL0f ;8ssf] tYof+s

(National Rural Road Inventory)

g]kfndf !!,^%) ls=dL= df6] ;8s, @,)%) ls=dL= v08fl:dy / s/La #)) ls=dL= sfnf]kq] ;8s u/L
s"n !$,))) ls=dL= u|fdL0f ;8s 5g\ . t/ !!,^%) ls=dL= df6] u|fdL0f ;8s dWo] s/La #@% -s/La
#,&)) ls=dL=_ dd{t ;+ef/sf] nflu cof]Uo l:yltdf /x]sf 5g\ lsgeg] ltgnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg u'8\g]
cj:yfdf k'ofpg gofF ;8s ;/x g} k'gMlgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ l:ylt 5 . -tfnLsf # /fli6o u|fdL0f ;8s
tYof x]g'{xf]nf_
tfnLsf #M

clw/fHosf] u|fdL0f ;8s tYof+s @)%^

;8ssf] k|sf/

dd{t ;+ef/ ug{ of]Uo dd{t ;+ef/ ug{ cof]Uo s"n

ls=dL=
ls=dL=
ls=dL=
df6] ;8s
&,(%)
#,&))
!!,^%)
v08fl:dy
@,)%)
)
@,)%)
sfnf]kq]
#))
)
#))
s"n
!),#))
#,&))
!$,)))
o; dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgfn] dd{t ;+ef/ ug{ of]Uo (maintainable roads) !),#)) ls=dL= ;8snfO{ dfq
cfgf] sfo{If]qleq lnPsf] 5 . of] of]hgf tof/ kbf{ xfnsf] dd{t ;+ef/ ug{ of]Uo ;8ssf] nDafO{df k|lt

of] tYof lhNnf oftfoft u'?of]hgfx?, k|fKt eP ;Ddsf lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s tYofs / lhNnfx?af6 k|fKt tYofsdf
cfwfl/t 5 . of] tYofdf Road Management & Finance Reform Implementation Committee af6 k|fKt tYofsf]
klg k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .
7

jif{ %%sf] b/n] j[l4 x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . xfn dd{t ;+ef/ ug{ cof]Uo elgPsf s"n #,&)) ls=dL=
;8ssf] k'gM lgdf{0f ePkl5 dd{t ;+ef/sf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5g\ eGg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

#=@ dd{t ;+ef/sf] ef}lts nIo

jflif{s cfjZostfsf] t'ngfdf cfwf/ nIo
:yfgLo lgsfosf] jt{dfg Joj:yfkg tyf pkef]u IfdtfnfO{ b[li6ut ub}{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] klxnf] jif{sf]
nflu dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg] ;+efJotfsf] cfwf/df cfwf/ nIo -dd{t ;+ef/sf] s"n
cfjZos sfo{sf] s/La @%%_ tf]s]sf] 5 . /fli6o cy{tGqdf qmlds ?kdf ;'wf/ x'Fb} hfFbf / :yfgLo
lgsfox?sf] Joj:yfkg kIf klg qmdzM ;'b[9 x'Fb} hfg] cg'dfgsf ;fy >L % sf] ;/sf/n] dd{t ;+ef/sf]
cfjZos sfo{ -!))%_ * jif{df ;lsg] u/L k|To]s jif{sf nflu cfwf/ nIo klg lgwf{l/t u/]sf] 5 .
tfnLsf g+= $ df gjf}+ k~r jifL{o of]hgfsf] z]if cjlw tyf bzf}+ k~r jifL{o of]hgfsf] k"/f cjlwsf] nflu
lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] jflif{s cfwf/ nIo k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tfnLsf g+= $
cf=j=
@)%^%&
@)%&%*
@)%*%(
@)%(^)
@)^)^!
@)^!^@
@)^@^#
@)^#^$

jflif{s cfjZostfsf] t'ngfdf k|lt jif{sf] cfwf/ nIo

dd{t ;+ef/sf] nIo -ls=dL=_
df6] ;8s
v08fl:dy ;8s

sfnf]kq] ;8s

s"n

cfjZostf*

nIo

cfjZostf* nIo

cfjZostf*

nIo

cfjZostf* nIo

&(%)
*#%)
*&&)
(@!)
(^&)
!)!%%
!)^^%
!!@))

@)))
##!%
$^#)
%($%
&@^)
*%&%
(*()
!!@))

@)%)
@!%%
@@^%
@#*)
@%))
@^@%
@&%%
@*(%

#))
#)%
#@)
##%
#%)
#&)
#()
$!)

&%
!@%
!&)
@@)
@^%
#!%
#^)
$!)

!)#))
!)*!)
!!#%%
!!(@%
!@%@)
!#!%)
!#*!)
!$%)%

%))
*$)
!!*%
!%@%
!*&)
@@!)
@%%)
@*(%

@%&%
$@*)
%(*%
&^()
(#(%
!!!))
!@*))
!$%)%

* % % jflif{s j[l4 cg'dfg ul/Psf]

dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] juL{s/0fdf cfwfl/t ef}lts nIo
dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] ljQLo nIo lgwf{/0f ug'{ k"j{ ;8ssf] k|sf/ cg';f/ tyf dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|sf/
cg';f/ nIo lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 -tfnLsf g+= % xg'{xf];\_ . lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/sf] nIo tfnLsf g+= $
cg';f/ g} 5 . cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/sf] nIosf] xsdf ;f] dd{t ;+ef/ sfosf] cGt/fnsf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f
ul/Psf] 5. k'gM:yfkgsf] xsdf eg] ;8ssf] cfo' @) jif{sf] dfgL cfwf/ nIosf] %% jflif{s nIosf]
?kdf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

tfnLsf g+= %M
;8ssf] k|sf/ /
dd{t ;+ef/sf]
k|sf/
df6] ;8s
lgoldt-!))%_
cfjlws -%)%_
k'gM:yfkgf-%%_
v08fl:dy ;8s
lgoldt-!))%_
cfjlws -##%_
k'gM:yfkgf -%%_
sfnf]kq] ;8s
lgoldt-!))%_
cfjlws -@)%_
k'gM:yfkgf -%%_

dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] juL{s/0fdf cfwfl/t ef}lts nIo

@)%^%&

dd{t ;+ef/sf] jflif{s nIo -ls=dL=_

@)%&%*@)%*%( @)%(^) @)^)^! @)^!^@ @)^@^#

@)^#^$

@,)))
!,)))
!))

#,#!%
!,^^)
!^%

$,^#)
@,#!%
@#)

%.($%
@,(&%
#))

&,@^)
#,^#)
#^%

*,%&%
$,@()
$#)

(,*()
$,($%
$(%

!!,@))
%,^))
%^)

%))
!^%
@%

*$)
@*)
$)

!,!*%
#(%
^)

!,%@%
%!)
&%

!,*&)
^@%
(%

@,@!)
&#%
!!)

@,%%)
*%)
!#)

@,*(%
(^%
!$%

&%
!%
$

!@%
@%
^

!&)
#%
(

@@)
$%
!!

@^%
%%
!#

#!%
^%
!^

#^)
&)
!*

$!)
*)
@)

#=# dd{t ;+ef/sf] ljQLo nIo

dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{df ljleGg lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?sf] ljQLo >f]t of]ubfg
b]zsf u|fdL0f hgtf g} u|fdL0f ;8ssf] k|d'v nfeu|fxL (beneficiaries) x'g\ . u|fdL0f ;8ssf] lgdf{0faf6
x'g] nfesf] k|yd cg'e"ltstf{ lgsfosf] ?kdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx? g} x'g] x'Fbf
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] ;kmntfsf] nflu ltgLx?sf] ;a} k|sf/sf] ;xeflutf x'g' ckl/xfo{ x'G5 .
ljsf; sfo{df :yfgLo ;xeflutfnfO{ k|>o lbg] gLlt cg'?k tyf :jfoQ zf;g k|lqmofnfO{ bl/nf] agfpg]
p2]Zon] >L % sf] ;/sf/n] o; dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgfdf >f]t of]ubfgsf] dfWodaf6 u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t
;+ef/ sfo{df :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ;qmLo ;xeflutf u/fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{df :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] >f]t of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ c+z tfnLsf ^ df lbOPsf] 5 .
tfnLsf g+= ^

ljQLo >f]t of]ubfg

dd{t ;+ef/sf] k|sf/

lhlj;uflj;
>L % sf] ;/sf/
lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/
%)%
%)%
cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/
##%
^&%
k'gM:yfkgf
@%%
&%%
dfly tfnLsfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{df ;+nUg
u/fpg k|f]T;fxg lbg] p2]Zon] :yfgLo lgsfon] 5'ofPsf] /sdsf] kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df t]flsPsf] c'kftdf
kl/k"/s /sd pknAw u/fpg] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfon] Joxf]g]{ c+z / To;sf] dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|sf/ut
ljlgof]hgn] lhNnfsf] dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|fyldstf, ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] k|lta4tf / ljsf; sfo{df
;xefuL aGg :yfgLo lgsfox?sf]] rfxgfnfO{ JoSt ub{5 .
ljQLo nIo
ljutdf k|fKt ljQLo >f]taf6 :yfgLo ;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{df ck]lIft dfqfdf nufgL ePsf] 5}g .
:yfgLo txdf hlxn] klg gofF lgdf{0f sfo{x?n] g} k|fyldstf kfPsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf :yfgLo
lgsfon] Joxf]g]{ dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] c+zsf] cfwf/df >L % sf] ;/sf/n] kl/k"/s c+z pknAw u/fpg] x'Fbf
:yfgLo txdf u|fdL0f ;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{df yk tyf ;'lglZrt nufgL x'g] b]lvG5 . tfnLsf g+= &
df dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|sf/ut ljQLo nIo k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
9

tfnLsf g+= &M

dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] juL{s/0fdf cfwfl/t ljQLo nIo

;8ssf] k|sf/ / dd{t ;+ef/sf] jflif{s ljQLo nIo g]=?= nfvdf -US$ '000_
dd{t ;+ef/sf] k|sf/ @)%^%& @)%&%* @)%*%( @)%(^) @)^)^!
-k|lt ls=dL= nfut_
df6] ;8s
@*)
$^$
^$*
*#@
!,)!^
lgoldt
cfjlws
k'gM:yfkgf
hDdf
v08fl:dy ;8s
lgoldt
cfjlws
k'gM:yfkgf
hDdf
sfnf]kq] ;8s
lgoldt
cfjlws
k'gM:yfkgf
hDdf
s"n
lgoldt
cfjlws
k'gM:yfkgf
s"n hDdf

@)^!^@

@)^@^# @)^#^$

-$))_
!,)))
-!,%))_
#))
-$%)_
!,%*)
-@,#%)_

-^^#_
!,^^)
-@,$()_
$(%
-&$#_
@,^!(
-#,*(^_

-(@^_
@,#!%
-#,$&#_
^()
-!,)#%_
#<^%#
-%,$#$_

-!,!*(_
@,(&%
-$,$^#_
())
-!,#%)_
$,&)&
-&,))@_

-!,$%@_
#,^#)
-%,$$%_
!,)(%
-!,^$#_
%,&$!
-*,%$)_

!,@)!
-!,&!%_
$,@()
-^,$#%_
!,@()
-!,(#%_
^,&*!
-),)*%_

!,#*%
-!.(&*_
$,($%
-&,$!*_
!,$*%
-@,@@*_
&,*!%
-!!,^@$_

!,%^*
-@,@$)_
%,^))
-*,$))_
!,^*)
-@,%@)_
*,*$*
-!#,!^)_

!)%
-!%)_
@$*
-#&!_
!%)
-@@%_
%)#
-&$^_

!&^
-@%@_
$@)
-^#)_
@$)
-#^)_
*#^
-!,@$@_

@$(
-#%^_
%(#
-**(_
#^)
-%$)_
!,@)@
-!,&*%_

#@)
-$%*_
&^%
-!,!$*_
$%)
-^&%_
!,%#%
-@,@*!_

#(#
-%^!_
(#*
-!,$)^_
%&)
-*%%_
!,()!
-@,*@@_

$^$
-^^#_
!,!)#
-!,^%$_
^^)
-(()_
@,@@&
-#,#)&_

%#^
-&^%_
!,@&%
-!,(!#_
&*)
-!,!&)_
@,%(!
-#,*$*_

^)*
-*^(_
!,$$*
-@,!&!_
*&)
-!,#)%_
@,(@^
-$,#$%_

#@
-$%_
$%
-^*_
$*
-&@_
!@%
-!*%_

%#
-&%_
&%
-!!#_
&@
-!)*_
@))
-@(^_

&!
-!)@_
!)%
-!%*_
!)*
-!^@_
@*$
-$@@_

(@
-!#@_
!#%
-@)#_
!#@
-!(*_
#%(
-%##_

!!!
-!%(_
!^%
-@$*_
!%^
-@#$_
$#@
-^$!_

!#@
-!*(_
!(%
-@(#_
!(@
-@**_
%!(
-&&)_

!%!
-@!^_
@!)
-#!%_
@!^
-#@$_
%&&
-*%%_

!&@
-@$^_
@$)
-#^)_
@$)
-#^)_
^%@
-(^^_

$!&
-%(%_
!,@(#
-!,(#(_
$(*
-&$&_
@,@)*
-#,@*!_

^(#
-(()_
@,!%%
-#,@##_
*)&
-!,@!!_
#,^%%
-%,$#$_

(^*
-!,#*$_
#,)!#
-$,%@)_
!,!%*
-!,&#&_
%,!#(
-&,^$!_

!,@$$
-!,&&(_
#,*&%
-%,*!$_
!,$*@
-@,@@#_
^,^)!
-(,*!^_

!,%@)
-@,!&@_
$,&##
-&,)((_
!,*@!
-@,&#@_
*,)&$
-!@,))#_

!,&(&
-@,%^&_
%,%**
-*,#*@_
@,!$@
-#,@!#_
(,%@&
-!$,!^@_

@,)&@
-@,(%(_
^,$#)
-(,^$^_
@,$*!
-#,&@@_
!),(*#
-!^,#@&_

@,#$*
-#,#%%_
&,@**
-!),(#!_
@,&()
-$,!*%_
!@,$@^
-!*,$&!_

10

dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf

tfnLsf g+= * df jflif{s ef}lts tyf cfly{s nIo tyf ljleGg lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?sf] >f]t of]ubfg
emlNsg] u/L dd{t ;+ef/sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tfnLsf g+= *M

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf

;8ssf] k|sf/
/ dd{t ;+ef/sf]

-tfnLsf ;+Vof $ dWo] !_

jflif{s dd{t ;+ef/sf] of]hgf -?= nfvdf_

205657

k|lt ls=dL= nfut

nIo
ef}lts

cfly{s

:yfgLo

205758

of]ubfg
>L % sf] ;/sf/

nIo
cGo

ef}lts

cfly{s

of]ubfg
:yfgLo

>L % sf] ;/sf/ cGo

df6] ;8s
lgosldt -?=!$)))_

2,000

280

140.0

140.0

3,315

464

232.0

232.0

cfjlws -?= !)))))_

1,000

1,000

330.0

670.0

1,660

1,660

547.8

1,112.2

k'gM:yfkgf -?= #)))))_

100

300

75.0

225.0

165

495

123.8

371.3

s"n

3,100

1,580

545.0

1,035.0

5,140

2,619

903.6

1,715.5

lgosldt -?=@!)))_

500

105

52.5

52.5

8,401

176

88.0

88.0

cfjlws -?= !%))))_

165

248

81.8

166.2

280

420

138.6

281.4

k'gM:yfkgf -?= ^)))))_

25

150

37.5

112.5

40

240

60.0

180.0

s"n

690

503

171.8

331.2

8,721

836

286.6

549.4

v08fl:dy

sfnf]kq]
lgosldt -?=$@)))_

75

32

16.0

16.0

125

53

26.5

26.5

cfjlws -?= #)))))_

15

45

14.9

30.2

25

75

24.8

50.3

k'gM:yfkgf -?= !@)))))_

48

12.0

36.0

72

18.0

54.0

s"n

94

125

42.85

82.15

156

200

69.25

130.8

4,280

693

346.5

346.5

990

495.0

495.0

s"n
lgoldt -?= nfvdf)

2,575

417

208.5

208.5

(US$ '000)

ls=dL=

595

297.5

297.5

cfjlws -?= nfvdf)

1,180

1,293

426.7

866.3

(US$ '000)

ls=dL=

1,939

639.9

1,299.1

k'gM:yfkg -?= nfvdf)

129

498

124.5

373.5

(US$ '000)

ls=dL=

747

186.8

560.3

hDdf -?= nfvdf)

s"n (US$ '000)

3,884

2,208

760

1,448

ls=dL=

3,281

1,124.1

2,156.9

11

1,965

211

6,456

2,155

711.2

1,443.9

3,233

1,066.9

2,166.1

807

201.8

605.3

1,211

302.8

908.3

3,655

1259

2396

5,434

1865

3569

tfnLlsf g+= *M

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf

;8ssf] k|sf/
/ dd{t ;+ef/sf]

-tfnLsf ;+Vof $ dWo] @_

jflif{s dd{t ;+ef/sf] of]hgf -?= nfvdf_

205859

k|lt ls=dL= nfut

nIo
ef}lts

cfly{s

:yfgLo

205960

of]ubfg
>L % sf]
;/sf/

nIo
cGo

ef}lts

cfly{s

of]ubfg
:yfgLo

>L % sf] ;/sf/ cGo

df6] ;8s
lgosldt -?=!$)))_

4,630 648

324.0

324.0

2,315

764.0

1,551.1

2,975 2,975

981.8

1,993.3

690

172.5

517.5

300

225.0

675.0

7,175 3,653

1,260.5

2,392.6

9,220 4,707

1,622.8 3,084.3

1,185 249

124.5

124.5

1,525 320

160.0

160.0

195.7

397.3

510

765

252.5

512.6

90.0

270.0

75

450

112.5

337.5

410.19

791.81

2,110

1,535

524.95 1010.05

cfjlws -?= !)))))_

2,315

k'gM:yfkgf -?= #)))))_

230

s"n

5,945 832
900

416.0

416.0

v08fl:dy
lgosldt -?=@!)))_
cfjlws -?= !%))))_

395
593
k'gM:yfkgf -?= ^)))))_ 60
360
s"n
1,640 1,202

sfnf]kq]
lgosldt -?=$@)))_

170

71

35.5

35.5

220

92

46.0

46.0

cfjlws -?= #)))))_

35

105

34.7

70.4

45

135

44.6

90.5

108

27.0

81.0

11

132

33.0

99.0

284

97.15

186.85

276

359

123.55 235.45

5,985 968
ls=dL= 1,385

484.0
692.5

484.0
692.5

7,690 1,244
ls=dL= 1,779

622.0
889.5

2,745 3,013
ls=dL= 4,520

994.3
1,491.6

2,018.7
3,028.4

3,530 3,875
ls=dL= 5,814

1,278.8 2,596.3
1,918.6 3,895.4

(US$ '000)

299
1,158
ls=dL= 1,737

289.5
434.3

868.5
1,302.8

386
1,482
ls=dL= 2,223

370.5
555.8

hDdf -?= nfvdf-

9,029 5,139

1,768

3,371

11,606 6,601

2271.3 4329.8

s"n (US$ '000)

ls=dL= 7,642

2,618

5,024

ls=dL= 9,816

3,364

k'gM:yfkgf -?= !@)))))_ 9

s"n
214

s"n
lgoldt -?= nfvdf)
(US$ '000)

cfjlws -?= nfvdf_

(US$ '000)

k'gM:yfkg -?= nfvdf)

12

622.0
889.5

1,111.5
1,667.3
6,452

tfnLlsf g+= *M

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf

;8ssf] k|sf/
/ dd{t ;+ef/sf]

- tfnLsf ;+Vof $ dWo] #_

jflif{s dd{t ;+ef/sf] of]hgf -?= nfvdf_

206061

k|lt ls=dL= nfut

nIo
ef}lts

cfly{s

:yfgLo

206162

of]ubfg
>L % sf]
;/sf/

nIo
cGo

ef}lts

cfly{s

of]ubfg
:yfgLo

>L % sf] ;/sf/ cGo

df6] ;8s
lgosldt -?=!$)))_

7,260 1,016

508.0

508.0

3,630

1,197.9

2,432.1

4,290 4,290

1,415.7 2,874.3

1,095

273.8

821.3

430

322.5

11,255 5,741

1,979.7

3,761.4

13,295 6,781

2,338.7 4,442.3

1,870 393

196.5

196.5

2,210 464

232.0

232.0

309.5

628.5

735

1,103

364.0

739.0

142.5

427.5

110

660

165.0

495.0

648.54

1252.46

3,055 2,227

cfjlws -?= !)))))_

3,630

k'gM:yfkgf -?= #)))))_

365

s"n

8,575 1,201
1,290

600.5

600.5
967.5

v08fl:dy
lgosldt -?=@!)))_
cfjlws -?= !%))))_

625
938
k'gM:yfkgf -?= ^)))))_ 95
570
s"n
2,590 1,901

760.99 1466.01

sfnf]kq]
lgosldt -?=$@)))_

265

111

55.5

55.5

315

132

66.0

66.0

cfjlws -?= #)))))_

55

165

54.5

110.6

65

195

64.4

130.7

k'gM:yfkgf -?= !@)))))_ 13

s"n
333

156

39.0

117.0

16

192

48.0

144.0

432

148.95

283.05

396

519

178.35 340.65

9,395
ls=dL=

1,520 760.0
2,172 1,086.0

760.0
1,086.0

11,100 1,797
ls=dL= 2,567

898.5
1,283.5

4,310
ls=dL=

4,733 1,561.9
7,099 2,342.7

3,171.1
4,756.3

5,090 5,588
ls=dL= 8,382

1,844.0 3,744.0
2,766.1 5,615.9

473
ls=dL=

1,821 455.3
2,732 683.0

1,365.8
2,049.0

556
2,142
ls=dL= 3,213

535.5
803.3

1,606.5
2,409.8

14,178 8,074 2,777

5,297

16,746 9,527

3278

6249

ls=dL=

7,891

ls=dL= 14,162 4,853

s"n
lgoldt -?= nfvdf)
(US$ '000)

cfjlws -?= nfvdf)

(US$ '000)

k'gM:yfkg -?= nfvdf)

(US$ '000)

hDdf -?= nfvdf)

s"n (US$ '000)

12,003 4,112

13

898.5
1,283.5

9,309

tfnLlsf g+= *M

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf

;8ssf] k|sf/
/ dd{t ;+ef/sf]

- tfnLsf ;+Vof $ dWo] $_

jflif{s dd{t ;+ef/sf] of]hgf -?= nfvdf_

206263

k|lt ls=dL= nfut

nIo
ef}lts

cfly{s

9,890

1,385

:yfgLo

206364

of]ubfg
>L % sf]
;/sf/

nIo
cGo

cfly{s

of]ubfg
:yfgLo

11,200 1,568

784.0

ef}lts

>L % sf]
;/sf/

df6] ;8s
lgosldt -?=!$)))_
cfjlws -?= !)))))_
k'gM:yfkgf -?= #)))))_
s"n

692.5

692.5

4,945 4,945

1,631.9

3,313.2

5,600

5,600

1,848.0 3,752.0

495

371.3

1,113.8

560

1,680

420.0

15,330 7,815

2,695.6

5,119.4

17,360 8,848 3,052.0 5,796.0

2,550

536

268.0

268.0

2,895

608

304.0

304.0

1,275

420.8

854.3

965

1,448

477.8

970.2

1,485

784.0
1,260.0

v08fl:dy
lgosldt -?=@!)))_
cfjlws -?= !%))))_

850
k'gM:yfkgf -?= ^)))))_ 130
s"n
3,530

780

195.0

585.0

145

870

217.5

652.5

2,591

883.75

1707.25

4,005

2,926

999.34

1926.66

sfnf]kq]
lgosldt -?=$@)))_

360

151

75.5

75.5

410

172

86.0

86.0

cfjlws -?= #)))))_

70

210

69.3

140.7

80

240

79.2

160.8

216

54.0

162.0

20

240

60.0

180.0

577

198.8

378.2

510

652

225.2

426.8

k'gM:yfkgf -?= !@)))))_ 18

s"n
448

s"n
lgoldt -?= nfvdf)
(US$ '000)

cfjlws -?= nfvdf)

(US$ '000)

k'gM:yfkg -?=nfvdf_
(US$ '000)

hDdf -?= nfvdf)

s"n (US$ '000)

#=$

12,800 2,072
ls=dL= 2,959

1,036.0 1,036.0
1,479.5 1,479.5

14,505 2,348
ls=dL= 3,355

5,865
ls=dL=

6,430
9,646

2,121.9
3,183.2

4,308.1
6,462.8

6,645
ls=dL=

7,288 2,405.0 4,883.0

10,931 3,607.2 7,323.8

643
ls=dL=

2,481
3,722

620.3
930.5

1,860.8
2,791.5

725
ls=dL=

2,790
4,185

19,308 10,983 3,778

7,205

21,875 12,426 4276.5

8149.5

ls=dL=

10,734

ls=dL=

12,140

16,327

5,593

1,174.0 1,174.0
1,677.5 1,677.5

697.5
2,092.5
1,046.3 3,138.8

18,471 6,331

u|fdL0f ;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{df ljQLo >f]t kl/rfng

cfjZos s"n >f]t

tfnLsf g+= * df bzf{OP cg';f/ dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu s"n cg'dflgt nfut @)%^%& cf=j= df ?=
@@ s/f]8 * nfv / of]hgf cjlwsf] clGtd jif{ -@)^#^$_ df ?= ! cj{ @$ s/f]8 @^ nfv /x]sf] 5 .
of] cg'dflgt nfutdf >L % sf] ;/sf/f/f j]xf]l/g' kg]{ ;+:yfut Ifdtf j[l4 sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos nfut
;+nUg 5}g .
:yfgLo >f]t kl/rfng
>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] kl/k"/s c+z k|fKt ug{nfO{ :yfgLo lgsfox?n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ c+z Joj:yf ul/;s]sf]
x'g'kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfox?n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ c+zdf :jfoQ zf;g P]g,@)%% sf] k|fjwfg
14

cGo

cg';f/ lhlj;uflj;n] p7fPsf] /sd, lhlj;uflj;n] cfgf] lghL >f]taf6 ug]{ nufgL, nfeu|fxL
(beneficiaries) af6 Joxf]l/g] c+z, u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] nufgL cyjf s]Gb|Lo cg'bfgsf] ?kdf
k|fKt /sd kg{ ;Sg] 5g\ . t/ hg>dbfg -lgMz'Ns >dbfg_ eg] :yfgLo lgsfox?n] Joxf]g'{kg]{ c+zdf kg]{
5}g .
tfnLsf g+= * cg';f/ :yfgLo txsf] >f]t of]ubfgsf] s"n cg'dflgt nfut @)%^%& df & s/f]8 ^)
nfv / @)^#^$ df $@ s/f]8 && nfv /x]sf] 5 . o;/L :yfgLo txsf] >f]t of]ubfg s"n nfutsf]
#$% /xg]5 .
>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] of]ubfg
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] ljelGg dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu s"n cg'dflgt nfutsf] ^^% ;Dd ljQLo of]ubfg
ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;sf] ;fy} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{sf] nflu klg >f]t Joj:yf ug'{kg]{
5 . tfnLsf g+= ( df dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos s"n nfutsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f k|:t't
ul/Psf]5 .
tfnLsf g+= (M

cfjZos nufgL

sfo{ ljj/0f

cfjZos nuffgL ?= nfv -US$ ')))_

05657

05758

05859

06061

06263

06364

06465

06566

dd{t ;+ef/ -s_

2,208
-3,281_

3,655
-5,434_

5,139
-7,641_

6,601
-9,816_

8,074
-12,003_

9,527
-14,162_

10,983
-16,327_

12,42618,471_

;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; (s sf]

!)%)
- ef}lts ;'ljwf
- dfgj>f]t
- cfwf/ k|fljlws >f]t
- ;Nnfxsf/ ;]jf
cfjZos s"n nufgL

221
-328_

366
-543_

514
-764_

660
-982_

808
-1,200_

953
-1,416_

1,098
-1,633_

1,243
-1,847_

2,429
-3,609_

4,021
-5,977_

5,653
-8,405_

7,261
10,798_

8,882
-13,203_

10,480
-15,578_

12,081
-17,960_

13,669
-20,318_

:yfgLo of]ubfg

760
-1,124_

1,259
-1,865_

1,768
-2,618_

2,271
-3,364_

2,777
-4,112_

3,278
-4,853_

3,778
-5,593_

4,277
-6,331_

>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] of]ubfg

1,669
-2,485_
1,448
-2,157_
221
-328_

2,762
-4,112_
2,396
-3,569_
366
-543_

3,885
-5,788_
3,371
-5,024_
514
-764_

4,990
-7,434_
4,330
-6,452_
660
-982_

6,105
-9,091_
5,297
-7,891_
808
-1,200_

7,202
-10,725_
6,249
-9,309_
953
-1,416_

8,303
-12,367_
7,205
-10,734_
1,098
-1,633_

9,393
-13,987_
8,150
-12,140_
1,243
-1,847_

- sfo{qmdsf] nflu
- sfo{qmd ;xfotf
->L % sf] ;/sf/af6
Joxf]l/g] !)) % _

15

;+:yfut tyf >f]t Joj:yfkgsf] ;+oGq

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] :j?k k|fljlws eGbf klg ;f+u7lgs tyf
Joj:yfksLo kIfsf a9L x'G5g\ . xfn ;a} :yfgLo lgsfox? k|fljlws, cfly{s tyf Joj:yfksLo kIfdf
;dfg ?kdf ;an 5}gg\ . To;}n] :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ of] dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf dd{t
;+ef/ sfo{df :jo+ ;Ifd agfpg'sf] ;fy} ;f] sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L cg'ej ug]{ u/L ;+:yfut tyf >f]t
Joj:yfkgsf] ;+oGq tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

$=! ;+:yfut kIfl;t ;DalGwt gLltut ;'wf/

u|fdL0f ;8ssf] :jfdLTj
>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ u|fdL0f ;8ssf] lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{ :yfgLo lgsfox?n]
:yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefusf] k|fljlws lgb]{zg tyf ;xof]udf ug'{ kg]{ ePtf klg
jt{dfgdf ;8s ljefu, l;+rfO{ ljefu h:tf lgsfox?n] klg u|fdL0f ;8ssf] sfo{ ug]{ u/]sfn] u|fdL0f
;8s lgdf{0fsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DaGwdf e|d /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] of] dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf sfof{Gjogk"j{ u|fdL0f
;8ssf] pQ/bfloTj :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf x:tfGt/0f ul/g'kb{5 .
lhNnf txdf u|fdL0f ;8s If]q x]g]{ OsfO{sf] :yfkgf
jt{dfgdf cGo k|fljlws ljefux?sf] h:tf] :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefusf] lhNnf txdf
k|fljlws sfof{no OsfO{ 5}g . xfn >L % sf] ;/sf/f/f lgo'Qm lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ :yfgLo :jfoQ P]g, @)%% sf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ s]Gb|af6 lkmtf{ af]nfOPdf clwsf+z
lgsfox? k|fljlws sd{rf/LljxLg x'g k'Ug] kl/l:ylt 5 . xfnsf] sfg"g cg';f/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?n]
u|fdL0f ;8s O{sfO{ vf]nL sd{rf/L kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg 5 . ;fy} lgs6 eljiodf To:tf] u|fdL0f
;8s O{sfO{ vf]Ng / cfg} k|fljlws sd{rf/L Joj:yf ug{ ;a} lhlj;x? cfly{s tyf Joj:yfksLo
b[li6af6 ;Ifd gx'g klg ;S5g\ . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g ;Sg]
;a} lhNnfx?df ljifout O{sfO{ v'Ng] ;+efjgf lemgf] b]lvG5 . To:tf lhNnfx?df :yf=k"=lj= tyf s[=;=
ljefu (Department of Local Infrastructure Developemnt and Agricultural Roads) n] g} dd{t
;+ef/ of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf lhlj;x?nfO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg'kg]{ x'G5 . lhlj;x?df If]qut O{sfO{sf] :yfkgf
x'gf;fy s]Gb|af6 o;/L :yfkgf ul/Psf lhNnf sfof{nox? lj36g u/L sd{rf/Lx? lkmtf{ af]nfOg]5g\ .
lhNnfdf k|fljlws hgzlQm
u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] nflu /fli6o /0fgLltn] u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{sf] nflu lhNnfx?df cfjZos
kg]{ k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] lhNnfut ?kdf klxrfg ul/;s]sf] 5 -tfnLsf g+= !) x]g'{x]f;\_ . dd{t ;+ef/
of]hgf sfof{Gjogk"j{ tfnLsf cg';f/sf] k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf eO;Sg'kg]{ 5 .

16

tfnLsf g+= !)M

cfufdL !) jif{sf] nflu lhNNff txdf k|If]lkt k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] k|If]k0f

lhNnf
ju{

k|If]lkt k|fljwlws sd{rf/L ;+Vof

@)%^%& df
;+Vof

l;l*O[

s
v
u

26
32
17

s"n

75

O{

cf]e/l;o/

k|yd r/0f
@)%(^) ;Dddf
l;l*O{

lhNnf

Onfsf

O{

bf]>f] r/0f
@)^$^% ;Dddf

cf]e/l;o/

l;l*O O{

lhNnf

Onfsf

cf]e/l;o/
lhNnf

Onfsf

26
32
17

104
96
34

81
-

15
-

52
32
17

104
96
34

81
121
-

26
-

52
32
17

104
96
34

81
121
50

75

234

81

15

101

234

202

26

101

234

252

>f]t M u|fdL0f k"jfwf/ ljsf;sf] /fli6o /0fgLlt

ju{ s lhNnfx? M

emfkf, df]/, ;'G;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/fxf, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL, af/f, /f}tx6, gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL, slknj:t', bf, s}nfnL -k|yd
r/0fdf_ .
k;f{, lrtjg, afFs], alb{of, sGrgk'/, :ofhf, sf:sL, tgx', sf7df08f}, nlntk'/, sfe|]knf~rf]s -bf]>f] r/0f_ .

ju{ v lhNnfx?M

tfKn]h', kfFry/, Onfd, ;+v'jf;ef, t]y'd, wgs'6f, ef]hk'/, vf]6f, cf]vn9'f, pbok'/, bf]nvf, /fd]5fk, l;Gw'nL, wflb,
g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, dsjfgk'/, uf]vf{, nDh', jfUn', u'NdL, kj{t, ?s'd, ;Nofg, /f]Nkf, Ko"7fg, b}n]v, ;'v]{t, c5fd, 8f]6L,
bfr'{nf, a}t8L .

ju{ u lhNnfx?M

;f]n'v'Da', /;'jf, eQmk'/, dgf, d':tf, DofUbL, kj{t, c3f{vfFrL, x'Dnf, d'u', 8f]Nkf, h'Dnf, sflnfsf]6, hfh/sf]6, aemf,
afh'/f, 88]nw'/f .

l;l8O{M

l;lgo/ l8lehgn OlGhgLo/

O{M

OlGhgLo/

s]Gb|af6 k|fKt x'g] ;+:Yffut ;xof]u

u|fdL0f ;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu Joj:yfksLo kIfsf] ;fy} nuffgLstf{, pTkfbs, ;8s pkef]Stf
cflbsf] aLrdf ;dGjosf] cfjZostf kg]{ ePsf] / jt{dfg l:yltdf clwstd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?
Joj:yfksLo b[li6sf]0faf6 ;Ifd gePsf]n] dd{t ;+ef/sf] sfo{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ s]Gb|
:t/af6 lg/Gt/ ?kdf k|fljlws dfu{bz{g tyf ;xof]usf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o:tf] ;xof]u tyf dfu{bz{g
k|bfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ ;Sg] aGgsf] nflu :yf= k"= lj= tyf s[= ;= ljefu :jo+sf] klg ;+fu7lgs
;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ ub}{ dfgj >f]t ljsf;sf cj;/x?sf] dfWodaf6 o;nfO{ ;an agfOg'kg]{5 . o;
;Gbe{df dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{ Joj:yfkgsf] nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/n] s]Gb|Lo tyf :yfgLo b'j} txdf
bft[;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5 .

$=@ ;+:yfut Joj:yf

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] lgldQ ljleGg txdf lgDg cg';f/sf]
;+:yfut Joj:yf cfjZos 5 .
lhNnf txdf
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% cg';f/ u|fdL0f ;8s O{sfO{sf] dfWodaf6 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?
lhNnfsf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf Ps dfq lhDd]jf/ lgsfo x'g]5g\ . dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf]
;DaGwdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?sf] lgDg cg';f/sf] sfo{x? /xg]5g\
! lhNnfdf ljBdfg u|fdL0f ;8sx/sf] klxrfg u/L tflnsf tof/ kfg]{
! lhNnf oftfoft u'? of]hgf (District Transport Master Plan) tof/ kfg]{
! dd{t ug'{kg]{ ;8sx?sf] klxrfg u/L k|fyldstf tf]Sg]
17

! jflif{s lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t sfo{qmd (Annual District Maintenance Program, ADMP)
tof/ kfg]{
! lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t sfo{qmd (District Maintenancne Program, DMP) tyf nfut cg'dfg
tof/ kf/L :jLs[t ug]{
! dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{qmdsf] nflu lhNnfn] Joxf]g'{kg]{ ljQLo c+zsf] Joj:yf u/L ;+rfng ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfpg]
! s]Gb|Lo :t/sf] kl/k"/s of]ubfg c+z pknAw u/fpg cg'/f]w ub}{ dd{t sfo{qmdsf] k|:tfj s]Gb|df
k7fpg]
! dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf ;a} lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?nfO{ ;dGjo ug]{
! dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu >f]t kl/rfng ug]{
! lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t sf]ifsf] nflu a}+s vftf vf]nL o;sf] lgoldt ;+rfng ug]{
! sfo{qmdsf] nflu k|fljlws sd{rf/L / ltgLx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] tf]Sg]
! :k]lzlkms]zg, 6]08/, sfo{ If]qclwsf/ tof/ ug]{
! dd{t ;+ef/sf nflu cfjZos ;]jf;'ljwf Pj+ ;fdu|L v/Lb ug]{
! sfo{ dfkg ug]{, lan tof/ ug]{ tyf e'Stflg lbg]
! jflif{s lhNnf dd{t sfo{qmdsf] lg/LIf0f tyf d"Nofg ug]{
! jflif{s lhNnf dd{t sfo{qmdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{, n]vf k/LIf0f ug]{ / sfof{Gjogsf] lgoldt k|ult
k|ltj]bg s]Gb|df k7fpg]
! u|fdL0f oftfoftsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;xL k|of]usf] nflu lgod sfg"gx?sf] th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{
u/fpg]
! u|fdL0f oftfoft k|0ffnL to u/L ;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg] .
s]Gb| :t/df
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ /fli6o of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] ;DaGwdf :yf=k"=lj=tyf s[lif ;8s ljefun] k|d'v
;dGjostf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ 5 . o; ;+be{df ljefusf k|d'v sfo{x? lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5g\ .
! lhNnfx?af6 k|fKt jflif{s lhNnf dd{t ;+ef/ sfof{qmdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L jflif{s /fli6o dd{t
;+ef/ sfo{qmd (ANMP, Annual National Maintenacne Programme) tof/ ug]{
! s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] kl/k"/s of]ubfg c+z ;'lglZrt u/L / lhNnfx?df k7fpg]
! ANMP sfof{Gjogs]f lgoldt cg'udg tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{
! cfjZostf cg';f/ k|fljlws tyf Joj:yfksLo 6]jfsf] Joj:yf ug]{
! cfjlws ?kdf :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] Ifdtfsf] ;dLIff u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ k|fljlws tyf cGo
>f]tcfwf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{
! :yfgLo :t/df ljleGg nlIot ;d"xx?sf] nflu cfjZos tfnLdx?sf] klxrfg u/L cfjZostf
cg';f/ uf]i7L, sfo{zfnf tyf cGo tfnLd sfo{qmdx?sf] ;~rfng ug]{ u/fpg]
! cfjZos z}lIfs e|d0f, If]qLo tyf s]lGb|o :t/df uf]i7L cflbsf] Joj:yf ug]{
18

! >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ gLlt lgdf{0f sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ / lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] .

$=# ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf] ;+oGq

nfut;xeflutf tyf ljs]lGb|s/0fdf cfwfl/t Pj+ :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xeflutf /xg] o; of]hgfsf] nflu
ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf] ;+oGq r':t Pj+ ;xh x'gkg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] sfo{qmd nfu" x'g] x/]s lhNnfdf lhNnf
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sf]if (District Rural Roads Maintenance Fund) sf] :yfkgf x'g' cTofjZos
5.

>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] of]ubfg

lgoldt==========%) %
cfjlws=========^& %
k'gM:yfkg=======&%%

:yfgLo of]ubfg
lgoldt==========%) %
cfjlws=========## %
k'gM:yfkg====== @% %

lhNnf u|fdL0f
;8s dd{t ;+ef/
sf]if (DRRMF)

lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sf]if (DRRMF)

lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sf]if -lh=u|f=;=d=sf]if_ df :yfgLo lgsfox?n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ of]ubfg c+z /
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ kl/k"/s of]ubfg c+z kg]{5g\ . :yfgLo lgsfox?n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ of]ubfg
c+zdf :jfoQ zf;g P]g,@)%% sf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ lhlj;uflj;n] p7fPsf] /sd, lhlj;uflj;n]
cfgf] lghL >f]taf6 ug]{ nufgL, nfeu|fxLx? (beneficiaries) af6 Joxf]l/g] c+z, u}/;/sf/L
;+3;+:yfx?sf] nufgL cyjf s]Gb|Lo cg'bfgsf] ?kdf k|fKt /sd kg{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
jflif{s lhNnf dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{qmd ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t eO;s]kl5 ;DalGwt lhNnf ljsf;
;ldltx?n] kl/rfng u/]sf :yfgLo lgsfox?n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ of]ubfg c+z lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/
sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g]5 . o;/L hDdf ul/Psf] of]ubfg c+zsf] cfwf/df >L % sf] ;/sf/n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{
of]ubfg c+z -tfnLsf g+= ^M >f]t of]ubfg x]g'{xf];\_ ;DalGwt lh=u|f=;=d=sf]ifdf lgsfzf ug]{5 . >L % sf]
;/sf/sf] kl/k"/s of]ubfg lgsfzf k"j{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ rfxg] lhNnfn] lgDg cg';f/sf tof/L
cfwf/x? (preparedness criteria) k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .
sfo{qmd lhNnfsf] ?kdf pDd]bjf/ aGg cfjZos tof/Lcfwf/x?
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ OR5's k|To]s lhNnfn] lgDg zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .
19

s_ sDtLdf ljBdfg lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8ssf] nut tof/ u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .

v_ sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf] klxnf] @ jif{leqdf lhNnf oftfoft u'? of]hgf tof/ ug]{ k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]sf]
x'g'kg]{ 5.
u_ lgDg cg';f/sf lj:t[t hfgsf/L ;lxt jflif{s lhNnf dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf tof/ u/L :jLs[t ul/;s]sf]
x'g'kg]{ 5 .
! dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{ cfjZos ePsf ;8sx? / dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|sf/
! dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|fyldstf
! ;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] l8hfOg tyf nfut cg'dfg
! dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu nfUg] s"n nfut / ltgdf :yfgLo of]ubfg
! lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt cGtu{tsf] u|fdL0f ;8s O{sfO{df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f /
o;sf] 5f]6f] hfgsf/L
! pknAw ef}lts ;]jf;'ljwf tyf k|fljlws >f]tcfwf/x?sf] hfgsf/L
! sfof{Gjog k4ltsf] :j?k (modality of implementation)
! dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{of]hgf cflb .
3_ :yfgLo of]ubfg c+zsf] ?kdf Joxf]l/g] /sdsf] k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug]{ / >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g]
dfu{bz{g canDjg ug{ tof/ /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
dfly pNn]lvt tof/Lcfwf/x? k"/f ul/;s]sf lhNnfx?n] :yf=k"=lj=tyf s[=;= ljefun] tof/ kf/L k7fpg]
9fFrfdf dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g] lhNnfsf] ?kdf efu lng rfxgf /fv]sf] hfgsf/L ;lxt :yf=k"=lj=
tyf s[=;=ljefudf k|:tfj k7fpg'kg]{ 5 . o;/L k7fOPsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ePdf dfq sfo{qmdsf] nflu ;f]
lhNnf of]Uo eO{ sfo{qmd nfu" x'g]5 .
sfo{qmdsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ lhNnfx?
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] /fli6o dxTjk"0f{ ;8s k|0ffnLl;t hf]l8O;s]sf %* j6f lhNnfx?nfO{ sfo{qmdsf] nflu
pDd]bjf/ lhNnfsf] ?kdf klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . oL lhNnfx?n] dfly pNn]lvt tof/Lsf nflu pDd]bjf/ aGg
cfjZos cfwf/x? k"/f u/]kl5 sfo{qmd lhNnf aGg of]Uo aGg]5g\ . tfnLsf g+= !! df pDd]bjf/ lhNnfx?
k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ .

20

tfnLsf g+= !!
k"jf{~rn If]q
d]rL c~rn
!= tfKn]h'
@= kfFry/
#= Onfd
$= emfkf
sf]zL c~rn
%= t]y'd
^= wgs'6f
&= ;'g;/L
*= df]/
;u/dfyf c~rn
(= pbok'/
!)= cf]vn9'f
!!= ;Kt/L
!@= l;/xf
dWodf~rn If]q
hgsk'/ c~rn
!#= wg'iff
!$= dxf]Q/L
!%= ;nf{xL
!^= l;Gw'nL
!&= b]fnvf
afudtL c~rn
!*= l;Gw'kfNrf]s
!(= /;'jf

sfo{qmdsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ lhNnfx?

@)= wflb
@!= g'jfsf]6
@@= sf7df08f}
@#= nlntk'/
@$= eQmk'/
@%= sfe|]knf~rf]s
gf/fo0fL c~rn
@^= dsjfgk'/
@&= /f}tx6
@*= af/f
@(= k;f{
#)= lrtjg
klZrdf~rn If]q
n'lDagL c~rn
#!= gjnk/f;L
#@= ?kGb]xL
##= slknj:t'
#$= c3f{vfFrL
#%= kfNkf
#^= u'NdL
u08sL c~rn
#&= :of\hf
#*= tgx'
#(= uf]vf{
$)= ndh'
$!= sf:sL

21

wjnflu/L c~rn
$@= kj{t
$#= jfun'
$$= DofUbL
dWo klZrdf~rn If]q
$%= /f]Nkf
$^= Ko"7fg
$&= bf
$*= ;Nofg
e]/L c~rn
$(= afFs]
%)= alb{of
%!= ;'v]{t
;'b"/ klZrdf~rn If]q
;]tL
%@= s}nfnL
%#= 8f]6L
%$= c5fd
dxfsfnL c~rn
%%= bfr'{nf
%^= j}t8L
%&= 88]nw'/f
%*= s~rgk'/

sfof{Gjog Joj:yf

;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{ s;/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] eGg] s'/f sfof{Gjog cjwf/0ff -s]lGb|s[t cyjf
ljs]lGb|s[t, >dk|wfg cyjf k"FhLk|wfg cflb_ tyf sfo{fGjog k|lqmof -sfdbf/nfO{ ;f]em} k|of]u ul/g] ls
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cflbsf] dfWodaf6 ul/g] cyjf :yfgLo ;+u7g cyjf JolQmnfO{ 7]Ssf lbP/ cflb_ df e/
kg]{ x'G5 . o;af6 s'g xb;Dd :yfgLo ;d'bfo, lghL If]q ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{df ;xefuL 5g\ eGg]
s'/f k|li6G5 . o; kl/R5]bn] >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t gLlt/0fgLltsf ljleGg kIfx?nfO{ dWogh/
/fvL ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sfof{Gjog Joj:yfsf] af/]df dfu{bz{g ub{5 .

%=! sfof{Gjog cjwf/0ff (Approach)

u|fdL0f ;8ssf] dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{x? u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] /fli6o /0fgLlt, @)%$ sf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k
>dd"ns, :yfgLo >f]td'vL, jftfj/0f ;'xfpFbf] k|ljlw k|of]u u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f tyf
;xeflutfTds ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff cjnDag u/L ul/g]5 . o; k4ltsf] cg';/0fn] u|fdL0f /f]huf/L
k|a4{gsf] dfWodaf6 u/LaL lgjf/0f ug]{ >L %sf] ;/sf/sf] k|d'v p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu 7f]; ;xof]u
k'ofpg] 5 .

%=@ sfof{Gjog k|lqmof (Modality)

g]kfndf xfn tLg y/Lsf sfof{Gjog k|lqmof k|rlnt 5g\ . pknAw >dzlQm, j:t' tyf ;fwg, :yfgLo
dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{df ;xefuL aGg] 7]s]bf/x?sf] rfxgf, ljsf; sfo{df pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;xeflutfsf] tTk/tf
cflb s'/fx?sf] cWoogaf6 ;a}eGbf pko'Qm k|lqmof ckgfpg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ ;lhnf] xf];\ eGg]
p2]Zon] oxfF tLg} lsl;dsf k|lqmofx?sf] af/]df ;+lIfKt ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 .
cdfgt -;f]em} sfdbf/ lgo'Qm ul/g]_ k|lqmof
o; k|sf/sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfof{non] :yfoL jf c:yfoL ?kdf ;f]em} sfdbf/ egf{ u/L / sfof{nosf]
cfg} ;fwgsf] pkof]uf/f sfd u/fpg] ul/G5 . lgDg sf/0fx?af6 of] k|lqmof ckgfOg] ul/Psf] 5 .
! ljutdf 7"N7"nf d]l;g/L cf}hf/x?sf] k|of]u u/L ul/g] dd{t ;+ef/sf] sfo{k|lt a9L em'sfj /xg'sf]
sf/0faf6 clwsf+z :yfgLo 7]s]bf/x?n] To:tf cf}hf/x? v/Lb u/L k|of]u ug{ g;Sg] l:ylt l;h{gf
ePsf] 5 .
! 7]Ssfkf dfkm{t dd{t ;+ef/sf] sfd u/fpFbf dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] u'0f:t/df sdL cfpF5 eGg] :yfgLo
dfGotf /xg' .
ljut s]xL jif{ otf o; vfnsf ljrf/df gf6sLo kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] klg 5 / w]/} h;f] lgsfox?n]
7]Ssfdf jf pke]fQmf ;ldltx?sf] dfWodaf6 sfo{ u/fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . crfgs cfO{ kg]{ vfnsf
sfo{x?df of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ufxf] kg]{ x'Fbf of] k|lqmofn] clxn] klg ck/em6 cfOkg]{ vfnsf
sfo{x?df k|fyldstf kfpg ;S5 .
sfdbf/ ;d"xf/f pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t u/fOg] k|lqmof
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, k|fljlws O{sfO{sf] ;'kl/j]If0fdf :yfgLo ;8s pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo
sfdbf/ ;d"x -nfek|fks ;d'bfok|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]_ nfO{ lgo'Qm u/L sfd u/fOG5 / u/]sf] sfdsf]
cfwf/df e'QmfgL lbg] ul/G5 . ;8ssf] glhs} a;f]af; ug]{ ;f] sfdbf/ ;d"xnfO{ ;8s dd{tsf] lhDdf
/x]sf] s'/f :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ yfxf x'g] x'Fbf ;8s dd{t sfo{ a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{
22

;xefuL u/fpg] k|lqmofn] :yfgLo of]ubfgsf] ?kdf /sd h'6fpg g;lsg] :yfgdf hg;xeflutfsf] ?kdf
;f]em} >dbfg klg h'6fpg ;St5 . lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu of] k|lqmof a9L pkof]uL 5 .
:yfgLo 7]s]bf/ jf JolQmnfO{ 7]Ssfdf sfd lbg] k|lqmof
:yfgLo >f]t ;fwg kl/rfng u/L ef/L d]l;g/L cf}hf/sf] k|of]u gu/Lsg sfd ug{ ?rfpg] :yfgLo
7]s]bf/af6 sfd u/fpg ;lsg] vfnsf sfd o; k|lqmofaf6 ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 . o;n] ubf{ dd{t ;+ef/
sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] 7]s]bf/JolQm aLr k|lt:kwf{sf] efjgf l;h{gf x'g] x'Fbf sfdsf] u'0f:t/df j[l4 x'g
;St5 . pko'Qm >f]t Joj:yfkg tyf :jR5 k|lt:kwf{ x'g ;Sg] jftfj/0fdf of] k|lqmof cem a9L
k|efjsf/L l;4 x'G5 . kof{Kt k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] cefj /x]sf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?n] of] k|lqmof
ckgfpg ;St5g\ . cfjlws dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{ tyf k'gM:yfkg sfo{ h:tf 7"nf k|s[ltsf sfo{ ug{sf nflu
of] k|lqmof a9L k|efjsf/L x'g] b]lvG5 .

%=# dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf sfof{Gjog tfnLsf

k|efjsf/L u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu ljleGg lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?n] ug'{kg]{ sfo{x?sf]
t]x/Lh tfnLsf g+= !@ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5.
tfnLsf g+= !@M
qm=;+=
!=

@=

#=

$=

sfof{Gjog tfnLsf

sfo{ ljj/0f
of]hgf th'{df

sfo{qmd agfpg] /
k|fyldstf tf]Sg]

/fhZj kl/rfng /
ljQLo Joj:yf

ah]6 Joj:yf ug]{

lqmofsnfk

lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

ljBdfg u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug]{

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

lhNnf oftfoft u'? of]hgf tof/ ug]{

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

cfjZos dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{ tyf ;8sx?sf] klxrfg ug]{

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

7f]; cfwf/ ckgfO{ ;8sx?sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug]{

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

l8hfOg / nfut cg'dfg ;lxt jflif{s lhNnf dd{t

;+ef/ sfo{qmd (ADMP) agfpg]

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

lhNnf dd{t sfo{qmd :jLs[t ug]{

lhNnf kl/ifb\

:yfgLo lgsfon] Joxf]g]{ >f]t of]ubfgsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{

k|lta4tf

lhlj;

dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu s]Gb|df k|:tfj k]z ug]{

lhlj;

s]Gb\Lo :t/df k|:tfjx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg / :jLs[lt

yf=k"=lj=tyf s[=;=lj=:yf=lj=d=/f=of]=cf=

jflif{s /fli6o dd{t sfo{qmd

:yfgLo lhDd]jf/ lgsfox? aLr ;dGjo ug]{

lhlj;

:yfgLo >f]t kl/rfng

lhlj;

lh=u|f=;=d=sf]= sf] nflu a}+s vftf vf]Ng]

:yfgLo lgsfon] Joxf]g]{ c+z vftfdf hDdf ug]{

lhlj;

jflif{s ah]6 ljlgof]hg

:yf= lj=d+=

>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] kl/k"/s c+zsf] Joj:yf ug]{

:yf=k"=lj=tyf s[=;=lj=:yf=lj=d=

(ANMP)

23

tof/ ug]{

(DRRMF)

:yf=k"=lj=tyf s[=;=lj=:yf=lj=d=/f=of]=cf=

lhlj;

%=

^=

&=

*=

(=

!)=

!!=

;8s dd{t ;+ef/

tof/L sfo{

6]08/ cfXjfg

k|fljlws
;'kl/j]If0f

7]Ssf Joj:yfkg

dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{

k|lzIf0f

k|fljlws
tyf
Joj:yfksLo
;xof]u

:k]l;lkms];g, 6]08/, sfo{ If]qclwsf/ tof/ ug]{

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

>d tyf ;fdfgsf] ;do tflnsf agfpg]

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g tyf btf{

lhlj;u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf

;"rgf k|sfzg

lhlj;

6]08/ d"Nofg

lhlj;

;fdfg tyf ;]jf;'ljwf v/Lb

lhlj;

k|fljlws sd{rf/L tf]Sg]

lhlj;

k|fljlws lgb]{zg tyf ;xof]u lhlj;

lhlj;

;'kl/j]If0fu'0f:t/ lgoGq0f

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

sfo{ dfkg

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

e'QmfgL lan tof/ ug]{

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

7]Ssf cg'udg

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

e'StfgL

lhlj;

sfo{;+kfbg d"Nofg

lhlj;8f]ln8f/

;fdfg tyf ;fwg pknAw u/fpg]

lhlj;7]s]bf/

;fwg ef8fdf lbg]

7]s]bf/;Knfo/

dd{t sfo{ ug]{

7]s]bf/sfdbf/sfdbf/ ;d"x

emu8f ;dfwfgdWo:ytf ug]{

sfg"lg k|lqmofpkef]Qmf ;d"x

tfnLd cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug]{

8f]ln8f/

:yfgLo g]tfx? tyf pkef]Qmfsf lglDt cled'vLs/0f

sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{

lhlj;8f]ln8f/

:yfgLo 7]s]bf/sf] nflu tfnLd ;+rfng ug]{

8f]ln8f/

k|fljlwsnfO{ tfnLd ;+rfng ug]{

8f]ln8f/

sfo{zfnf, uf]i7L tyf z}lIfs e|d0f

8f]ln8f/

lhlj;nfO{ k|fljlws tyf Joj:yfksLo ;xof]u pknAw

u/fpg]

lhlj;

gLlt lgdf{0f tyf ltgsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug]{

lhlj;nfO{ k|fljlws >f]tcfwf/, k|fljlws ;xof]u cflb

pknAw u/fpg]

8f]ln8f/

24

8f]ln8f/:yf= lj= d+

qm=;+=

ljj/0f

!@=

cg'udg
d'Nofg

!#=

sfo{x?
tyf

;8s
pkef]u
lgodg ug]{

lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

jf=lh=d=sf=
l/kf]l6{ ug]{

jf=lh=d=sf=sf] cg'udg tyf cfjlws k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{

8f]ln8f/

cfjlws ?kdf :yfgLo lgsfosf] Ifdtfsf] klxrfg ug]{

8f]ln8f/:yfljd+/f=of]=cf=

sfo{;Dkfbg d'Nofg cWoog

8f]ln8f/:yfljd+/f=of]=cf=

u|fdL0f oftfoftsf] ;xL pkof]u / Joj:yfkgsf] nflu

lgod agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{

lhNnf kl/ifb\

u|fdL0f oftfoft k4ltsf] ;+rfng / lgoGq0f ug]{

lhlj;

(ADMP)

sf] k'g/fjnf]sg, cl8l6 tyf

lhlj;

%=$ cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg

lgoldt cg'udgn] dd{t sfo{ lgu/fgL /fVg, o;af/] lglZrt ul/Psf] k4lt / k|lqmof cg';/0f ul/Psf] 5
5}g ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ lhlj;x?sf] Ifdtfj[l4sf] d"Nof+sg ug{ / gLltut If]qdf yk ;'wf/ ug{ d2t k'ofpg]
ePsf]n] u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] lgoldt cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg cTofjZos 5 . tnsf] nf]
rf6{df dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu ;'emfj ul/Psf] cg'udg tyf d'Nofg 9fFrf k|:t't ul/Psf]] 5 .
/f=of]=cf=
q}dfl;s k|ltj]bg
:yf=lj=d+=
q}dfl;s k|ltj]bg
8f]ln8f/
k'g/fjnf]sg,
sfo{;Dkbfgdf
;'wf/sf] nflu
;fwf/0f lgb]{zg, cGo
;'wf/sf sfo{x?

q}dfl;s k|ltj]bg
lh lj ;
pk;ldltn] dfl;s ?kdf k|ltj]bg
k|:t't ug]{
lh lj ; sf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
;DaGwL pk;ldlt
u|fdL0f ;8s OsfO{n] dfl;s k|ltj]bg
a'emfpg]
jflif{s lhNnf dd{t sfo{qmd (ADMP)
cg';f/ lhlj; sf] u|fdL0f ;8s
O{sfO{n] u/]sf] dd{t ;+ef/sf] sfo{x?
25

dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgfdf

;'wf/, sfof{Gjo k4lt,
k|lqmof, cg'udg tyf
d'Nofg k|lqmof,
;xeflutfsf] tx,
ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf]
;+oGq / lhDd]jf/Lx?

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] gjf}+ k~r jifL{o of]hgfsf] cGt - lj=;+= @)%(_ df / bzf}+ k~r jifL{o of]hgfsf] cGt lj=;+=@)^$_ df u/]/ b'O{ k6s u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgfsf] tn pNn]v eP cg';f/sf a'Fbfdf
cfwfl/t k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf] 5 .
! /fhdfu{ jf ;xfos ;8sn] hf]l8g cfPsf yk lhNnfx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L u|fdL0f ;8ssf] ;+hfn
cBfjlws ug]{ . lhNnf oftfoft u'? of]hgfx?sf] tof/L qmdsf] ;dfKtL;Fu} of] sfo{n] u|fdL0f ;8ssf]
jf:tljs n]vfhf]vf k|:t't ug]{ 5 .
! sfo{ef/, >f]t tyf Ifdtf a9]sf] ;Gbe{df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / u|fdL0f ;8s O{sfO{sf]
sfo{Ifdtfsf] d'Nofg ug]{ / o;n] >L % sf] ;/sf/ ca pk|fGt yk ljQLo / k|fljlws ;xof]u
lbO/xg' kg]{ jf gkg]{ eGg] kIfdf lg0f{o ug]{ cfwf/ tof/ kfg]{ 5.
! sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] ;du| d'Nofg / o;sf k|efjsf] af/]df cWoog ul/g]5 . d"Nof+sgsf
;"rsf+ssf ?kdf ofqf;do, ofqf nfut, rfn' xfntdf /x]sf ;8ssf] nDafO{, :yfgLo ;xeflutfsf]
:t/ cflb /xg]5g\ .
! lhDd]jf/ :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] of]ubfg / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog kIf;DaGwL :yfgLo lhDd]jf/
lgsfox?sf] b[li6sf]0f / ljrf/sf af/]df 5nkmn ul/g]5 / lgisif{sf a'Fbfx?nfO{ eljiodf u|fdL0f
;8s dd{t of]hgfsf] th'{dfsf] cfwf/sf ?kdf lnOg]5 .

%=% dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf nflu k|:tfljt yk ljsNkx?

dfly pNn]lvt k'g/fjnf]sgsf lgisif{x?df cfwfl/t /x]/ s]xL u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] :jfldTj uflj;, u}/
;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf h:tf tNnf] :t/df sfo{/t lgsfox?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/g]5 . o; k|lqmofaf6 :ki6
?kdf 5'ofOPsf] oL ;8sx?sf] lgoGq0f tyf dd{t ;+ef/sf] lhDd]bf/Lf/f ljs]Gb|s/0f k|lqmofnfO{ yk
k|f]T;fxg / an k|fKt x'g]5 .
Ps dfq pkef]ustf{ ePsf jf ;femf p2]Zon] sfo{/t ;d"xdf dfq ;Lldt /xg] / tL ;d"xnfO{ dfq
kmfObf k'Ug] s]xL u|fdL0f ;8sx?nfO{ qmdzM lghLs/0f ub}{ nlug] 5 .

26

;f/f+z

dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|efjsfl/tf lglZrt ug{' cfkm}+df ;lhnf] sfo{ xf]Og . lgld{t u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf]
lg/Gt/ :t/f;n] jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf pNn]Vo dfqfdf yk nufgL tyf dd{t ;+ef/sf jf:tljs
k|of;x?af6 dfq} tL ;8sx?af6 /fi6sf] cfly{s ljsf;sf k|of;x?nfO{ wfGg ;Sg] agfpg ;lsG5 . o;f]
ePdf dfq u|fdL0f ;8s pkef]Qmfn] tL ;8sx?af6 ck]Iffs[t kmfObf kfpg'sf] ;fy} ljsf;df 7f]; ;xof]u
k'ofpg] Ps d'Vo k"jf{wf/ pknAw x'g]5 . u|fdL0f ;8ssf] lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;+ef/sf] If]qdf ljleGg
lsl;dsf sl7gfO{, ;d:of tyf hl6ntfx? 5g\ . To;}n] lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{x? jf:tljs ?kdf
;+rfng x'g' cfjZos 5 . o;af6 u|fdL0f If]qsf] cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg / u/LaL lgjf/0fsf]
/fli6o p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ e/kbf]{ cj;/ k|bfg u/L 7f]; of]ubfg k'Ug]5 .
o; dd{t ;+ef/ /fli6o of]hgfn] ljs]Gb|s/0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ u/L ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfsf] klg
Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt ;+/rgfn] :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/fO{ ltgLx?nfO{ u|fdL0f ;8s
dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] lhDd]bf/L axg ug]{ lgsfosf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ 5 . u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/
sfof{Gjog cjwf/0ff / ljleGg yl/sf dd{t ;+ef/ sfof{Gjogsf pkfo dfly klg o; of]hgfn] k|sfz
kf/]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{sf] cg'udgsf] nflu /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u, :yfgLo ljsf;
dGqfno tyf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu lhDd]jf/ lgsfo /xg]5g\ . gjf}+ tyf bzf}+
k~r jifL{o of]hgf cjlwsf] cGtdf u/L b'Ok6s u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] uxg
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] nIo 5 . o:tf k'g/fjn]fsg sfo{sf] dfWodaf6 eljiodf u|fdL0f
;8s dd{t ;+ef/sf] nflu ckgfpg'kg]{ /0fgLlt lgZro ug{ >L % s]f ;/sf/nfO{ yk d2t k'Ug]5 .
************

27