Main article: Greek orthography

Further information: Manners of articulation

In both Ancient and Modern Greek, the letters of the Greek alphabet have fairly
stable and consistent symbol-to-sound mappings, making pronunciation of words la
rgely predictable. Ancient Greek spelling was generally near-phonemic. For a num
ber of letters, sound values differ considerably between Ancient and Modern Gree
k, because their pronunciation has followed a set of systematic phonological shi
fts that affected the language in its post-classical stages.[9]
Among consonant letters, all letters that denoted voiced plosive consonants (/b,
d, g/) and aspirated plosives (/p?, t?, k?/) in Ancient Greek stand for corresp
onding fricative sounds in Modern Greek. The correspondences are as follows: