Category 1: irregular ending with no vowel change, V2=V3

group 1: d ending changes to t, ent changes to end

1.
2.
3.
4.

bend
bent
bent = doblar
lend
lent
lent = prestar
send
sent
sent = enviar
spend spent
spent = gastar, pasar
*build
built
built = construir, edificar

group 2: the verbs have and make

5. have \ has had
had = tener, haber
6. make made made = hacer, fabricar
group 3: regular (V2, V3) in American English, irregular in British English
7. learn learned \ learnt
learned \ learnt = aprender
8. burn burned \ burnt
burned \ burnt = arder, quemar
dwell
dwelled \ dwelt
dwelled \ dwelt = residir, vivir, morar
9. smell
smelled \ smelt
smelled \ smelt = oler
10. spell
spelled \ spelt
spelled \ spelt = deletrear
11. spill
spilled \ spilt
spilled \ spilt = derramar, verter
12. spoil
spoiled \ spoilt
spoiled \ spoilt = estropear, malcriar
group 4: ay ending changes to aid
13.
14.
15.
16.

lay (the table, clothes, eggs) laid laid = poner

pay paid
paid = pagar
pay back = devolver
say *said (/sed/) *said (/sed/) = decir

Category 2: Vowel change, irregular ending, V2=V3

group 5: vowel change , d or t ending
creep
17. feed
18. feel
19. keep
kneel
20. meet
21. sleep
22. sweep

crept crept = arrastrarse, trepar

fed fed = alimentar, amamantar
felt
felt = sentir
kept kept = guardar, mantener
knelt \ kneeled
knelt \ kneeled = arrodillarse, hincarse de rodillas
met
met = conocer, reunirse
slept
slept = dormir
swept swept = barrer

weep wept
23. *leave left

wept = llorar
left = dejar, abandonar, salir

group 6: different pronunciation of the same vowel, d or t ending

24. deal dealt dealt = tratar, repartir, distribuir, traficar
25. dream dreamed \ dreamt
dreamed \ dreamt = soar
lean leaned \ leant leaned \ leant = inclinar, reclinar, apoyar
leap leapt leapt = saltar, brincar
26. mean meant meant = querer decir, significar
27. read read (/red/) read (/red/) = leer
28. hear heard heard = or
group 7: ell turns to old
29. sell
30. tell

sold
told

sold = vender
told = decir, contar

group 8: vowel change with ought (or *aught) ending

31. bring
brought
brought = traer
32. buy bought
bought = comprar
33. fight
fought
fought = luchar, pelear
seek
sought sought = buscar
34. think
thought
thought = pensar, creer
35. *catch caught
caught = coger, atrapar, pillar
36. *teach
taught
taught = ensear
Category 3: Verbs with the same form V1=V2=V3
group 9: Verbs that do not change, d or t ending
bet
bet
bet = apostar
bid (to offer) bid
bid = pujar, hacer una oferta
37. broadcast
broadcast \broadcasted
broadcast \broadcasted = emitir,
transmitir, retransmitir, radiar
38. burst burst
burst = reventar, explotar, estallar
39. cost cost
cost = costar
40. cut
cut
cut = cortar
41. fit fit fit = quedar bien
42. hit
hit hit = pegar, golpear
43. hurt hurt
hurt = herir, daar
44. let
let
let = permitir, dejar
45. put put put = poner
46. set
set
set = poner, colocar, fijar, marcar
47. shut
shut
shut = cerrar

48. spread spread spread = extender, propagar, difundir

49. sweat sweat sweat = sudar, transpirar, exudar
50. quit
quit
quit = abandonar, dejar, parar, renunciar, dimitir
Category 4: Vowel change, V3 ending with (e)n
group 10: V2 and V3 with long /o / sound
51. break
broke
broken = romper
52. choose
chose
chosen = elegir
53. freeze
froze
frozen = helar, congelar
54. speak
spoke spoken = hablar
55. steal
stole
stolen = robar
awake awoke \ awaked
awoken \ awaked = despertarse
56. wake up woke \ waked up woken \ waked up =despertar
weave wove
woven = tejer, entretejer, hilar
group 11: V2 long o sound, V3 shirt /i/ sound
57. arise
58. rise
59. *ride
60. drive
61. *write

arose
arisen = surgir, presentarse, levantarse
rose
risen = subir, aumentar, crecer
rode
*ridden = montar, cabalgar
drove
driven = conducir
wrote
*written = escribir

group 12: The following verbs:

62. *bite
bit
*bitten = morder, picar
63. *hide
hid
*hidden = esconder, ocultar
64. eat
ate eaten = comer
65. give
gave given = dar
66. give up gave up given up = rendirse, dejar (un mal hbito)
67. forgive
forgave
forgiven = perdonar
68. forbid *
forbad(e)
forbidden = prohibir
* bid ( to command, farewell) bade *bidden = mandar a alguien a hacer algo,
dar los buenos das o despedirse
69. * forget
forgot
*forgotten = olvidar
70. get
got
* gotten (AmE) \ got (BrE) = conseguir, obtener, lograr
71. get up got up
* gotten up (AmE) \ got up (BrE) = levantarse
72. shake
shook
shaken = agitar, batir, sacudir
73. take
took
taken = tomar, coger
74. see saw seen = ver
75. beat
beat
beaten = batir, vencer, golpear con un bate o palo
76. fall
fell
fallen = caer
77. lie ( down to rest) lay
lain = yacer, tumbarse, echarse
Pay attention!

Do not confuse lie (tell a lie, regular), lie (down to rest, irregular), and lay (the
table, irregular).
*lie (tell a lie) lied
lied = mentir (regular)
lie (down to rest) lay lain = yacer, tumbarse, echarse
lay (the table, eggs) laid laid = poner
group 13: the ear-ore-orn pattern
bear
bore born = aguantar, soportar, tolerar, resistir
78. swear
swore sworn = jurar, prometer, perjurar, maldecir, blasfemar
79. tear tore torn = rasgar
80. wear wore worn = llevar puesto
group 14: V1 with ow, V2 with ew, V3 with own
81. blow blew
blown = soplar
82. blow up blew up blown up = explosionar, volar con explosives
83. grow
grew
grown = crecer, cultivar, plantar
84. grow up grew up grown up = crecer, hacerse adulto
85. know
knew known = saber, conocer
86. throw
threw thrown = arrojar, lanzar
87. fly flew flown = volar
88. draw drew
*drawn = dibujar, correr (las cortinas)
Category 5: regular V2, irregular V3
group 15
89. show showed
showed \ shown = mostrar, demostrar
sow sowed
sowed \ sown = sembrar, propagar, diseminar
mow mowed
mowed \ mown = cortar, segar
swell
swelled
swelled \ swollen = aumentar, crecer, incrementar, hincharse
sew sewed
sewed \ sewn = coser
90. *shine (the shoes) shined shined = pulir, bruir, dar brillo
91. *shine (brightly) shone
shone = brillar
Category 6: vowel change, no ending, V2=V3
group 16: vowel change pattern, no ending
92. dig dug dug = cavar, excavar
93. stick
stuck
stuck = pegar, adherir, aferrarse; atascarse, atorarse
spin spun
spun = girar, hacer girar, dar vueltas, centrifugar
sting stung stung = picar (con aguijn), arder, escocer

strike
struck
struck = golpear, dar un golpe, ponerse en huelga,(acertar en la
diana) , (dar un sonido de la hora el reloj)
swing swung swung = balancear, oscilar, columpiar
94. *hang (a man) hanged
hanged = colgar, ahorcar
95. *hang (a picture) hung hung = colgar, enganchar
slide
slid
slid = deslizarse, resbalarse
96. light lighted \ lit
lighted \ lit = iluminar, encender, prender
97. shoot
shot
shot = disparar, filmar
group 17: vowel change pattern i - ou - ou
bind
bound
bound = amarrar, atar, ribetear, obligar, vendar, encuadernar,
empastar
98. find
found
found = encontrar(se), descubrir
grind
ground
ground = moler, triturar, rechinar (los dientes)
wind
wound
wound = dar cuerda (al reloj), serpentear (una carretera),
enredarse, enrollar
group 18: vowel change ee - e - e
99. bleed
bled
bled = sangrar (blood = sangre)
100.feed
fed fed = alimentar, amamantar (food = alimento)
flee fled
fled = huir, darse a la fuga
101. *lead
led
led = guiar, dirigir (leader = lder)
102.*speed up speeded \ sped up speeded \ sped up = corer, acelerar, darse prisa
Category 7: The craziest verbs!
group 19: vowel change pattern i - a - u
103.begin
began
begun = empezar, comenzar
104.drink
drank drunk = beber
105.ring rang rung = tocar, sonar (un timbre), llamar por telfono
shrink shrank shrunk = encoger(se), contraer(se), reducer
106.sing sang sung = cantar (song= cancin)
107.sink
sank sunk = hundirse, naufragar
spring
sprang
sprung = brotar, salir, aparecer
108.swim
swam swum = nadar
group 20: vowel change, V1=V3
109.come
came come = venir
110. become
became
become =llegar a ser, convertirse
111.run
ran
run = correr
group 21: miscellaneous

112. (to be) am / is /are

was / were
been = ser / estar (a veces tener)
113. go
went
gone = ir
114. *dive (jumped head first) dove
dived = zambullirse
115. *dive (scuba-diving) dived dived = bucear
116. do
did
done = hacer
117. (to be able) can could (podia,saba/podra, sabra) been able = poder, saber,
ser capaz de
118. may (puede) might (podia/podra) de probabilidad o permiso
119. hold
held held = sostener, agarrar, contener, tener, resistir, esperar
120.stand stood
stood = estar de pie, ponerse de pie, colocarse, posicionarse
121. understand
understood
understood = entender, comprender
122.win
won
won = ganar
123.sit
sat
sat = sentar(se)
124.babysit
babysat babysat = hacer de canguro, cuidar de un beb
125.lose lost lost=perder