B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN IN

BO CO N 2
TI: Thit k ngun hn h quang mt chiu

Ging vin hng dn : TS. Mnh Cng

Sinh vin thc hin
: Nguyn Xun Hi
Lp
: K & TH 3 K57
MSSV
: 20121773

H Ni , 12/2015

LI M U
S pht trin nn kinh t ca mi quc gia ph thuc rt nhiu vo mc c
gi ha v t ng ha trong cc qu trnh sn xut. Trong qu trnh sn xut cng
nghip hin i s c gii ha v t ng ha gip nng cao nng sut lao ng v
cht lng sn phm. Mt trong nhng vn ang c cc nh sn xut rt quan
tm hin nay l vic ghp ni cc chi tit vi nhau cu thnh sn phm. Trong tt
c cc phng php ghp ni cc chi tit vi nhau th phng php hn in c nhiu
u im hn tt c v p ng c hu ht cc yu cu ca cc nh sn xut. Chnh
v vy m ngy nay cc my hn in xut hin v c ng dng rng ri trong
hu ht cc ngnh cng nghip, ch to my , vn ti , xy dng nng nghip ...v tr
thnh mt phn tt yu khng th thiu .
Mt trong nhng phng php nng cao cht lng ca cc mi hn l s
dng my hn h quang mt chiu hn.
ti tt nghip trong cun n ny l tm hiu, thit k ngun hn mt
chiu ding b chnh lu c : Ihmax= 200 A ; Udmmax= 60V.
Cng vi s gip nhit tnh ca thy gio Mnh Cng em hon
thnh nhim v c giao v rt ra nhng vn cn thit v hn in vi cc
phng php s dng hp l v kinh t .
Trong qu trnh tm hiu ,nghin cu v thc hin n ny em c gng
trnh by nhng vn v hn in ni chung v my hn mt chiu ni ring.
Nhng v thi gian nghin cu v thc hin ti c hn cng vi kinh nghim , kin
thc ca bn thn cn hn ch nn n ny khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Knh
mong thy gio hng dn cng cc thy c gio trong khoa in gp , gip em
cng c kin thc ca mnh v rt ra nhng bi hc kinh nghim qu bu cho
nhng ln sau em thc hin tt hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n !

H Ni, ngy 22 thn 12 nm

2015
Sinh vin
Nguyn Xun Hi

S liu ban u

Dng hn cc i
(A)

in p khng ti
(V)

Gi tr

200 A

60 V

MC LC

CHNG I : GII THIU CHUNG V HN IN

I . Khi nim v phn loi hn in :
I.1. Khi nim v hn in :
Hn in l mt cng ngh ph bin nht trong k thut hin
i nh nghnh ng tu , xy dng , ch to my mc , .Hn
in cng c p dng cc n v sn xut nh v cng ty ln
trong ngnh khc.
Phng php hn in c nhng u im ni bt sau :

Tit kim nguyn liu so vi cc phng php gia cng khc.

C bn c hc cao, cht lng mi hn tt.
Nng sut cao, gi thanh h, d dng t ng ho.
Bo v mi trng v sinh cng nghip.

I.2. Phn loi hn in :

Hn
in
Hn h
quang

Hn tay

Hn tip
xc

Hn t
ng

Di lp
tr

dung

Hn
im

Hn ni

Hn
ng

Mt
Hai im
im hai
mt mt
mt
Hnh 1 : Phn loi cc phng php hn in .
Trong kh
bo v

II . Gii thiu chung v cng ngh hn h quang :

II.1. Cc khi nim chung :
H quang in l mt dang phng in trong cht kh vi mt dng in ln
2
3
2
( 10 n 10 A/ mm ). iu kin bnh thng cht kh hu nh khng dn in .

Nu t ln hai in cc trong mi trng khng kh mt in trng c cng

ln th c th ph v cch in ca cht kh v c kh nng dn dng in ln , ph

thuc vo tnh cht cht kh, p sut ca n, nhit mi trng , vt liu lm in

cc, ln ca cng in trng .
Hn in h quang l dng nhit lng ca h quang in nung nng ti ch
hn lm cho kim loi vt hn chy v kim loi b sung chy ni 2 vt li .
K thut hn h quang : bao gm mi h quang , duy tr h quang ngn v n
nh, thc hin chuyn ng in cc hn theo yu cu vi tc hnh trnh h
quang chnh xc . H quang c mi bng cch g u in cc trn b mt mi
ghp . in cc c gi thch hp theo b mt mi ghp v v tr hn. cui ng
hn , h quang cn c duy tr trong khong thi gian ngn b cho vt lm cui
ng hn , sau phi ly in cc ra ngay dp tt h quang.
II.2. Cc yu cu chung i vi ngun hn h quang :
Ngun in cung cp cho hn h quang c th l mt chiu hoc xoay chiu.
Trong ngun hn h quang mt chiu c hai loi :

B bin i quay ( My pht hn mt chiu )

B bin i tnh ( B chnh lu ).

Vi s pht trin ca k thut bn dn cng sut ln a ra nhiu ng dng

trong ngun hn mt chiu. Ngun hn mt chiu dng b chnh lu c nhng u vit
hn so vi my pht hn mt chiu :

Ch tiu nng lng cao

Khng c phn quay
Hiu sut cao, chi ph vn hnh, bo dng v sa cha thp .

Tuy nhin chng u c nhng yu cu chung sau :

in p khng ti ln v ln hn p khi c ti mi c h quang v hn
c d dng .
Ngun hn mt chiu vi in cc :
Kim loi : Uomin = ( 30 40 )V
Than
: Uomin = ( 45 55 ) V
m bo an ton lc lm vic ch lm vic cng nh ch ngn mch
lm vic. Bi s lm vic ngn mch khng c qu ln.
I
I = nm
I dm

= 1,2 1,4

Trong : - I : Bi s dng in ngn mch .

- Inm : Dng in ngn mch (A)
- Idm : Dng in hn nh mc (A)

 Ngun hn phi c cng sut ln.

Ngun hn phi c kh nng iu chnh c c dng hn ( dng hn ph
thuc vo ng knh que hn ).Dng in hn c tnh theo biu thc :
Ih = ( 40 60 ) d
Trong : + Ih : Dng in hn (A)
+ d : ng knh que hn (mm)
ng c tnh ngoi ca ngun hn phi p ng theo tng phng php hn.
ng c tnh ngoi l ng biu din quan h gia in p trn 2 u ra
ca my vi dng ti.
Cch c tnh ngoi ca ngun in hn :
1.
2.
3.
4.

c tnh dc
c tnh thoi
c tnh cng
c tnh tng

Hnh 3 : th c tnh ngoi ca ngun in hn

Ngun hn dng cho phng php hn h quang bng tay phi c ng c tnh
dc.
Ngun hn dng cho phng php hn h quang t ng phi c ng c tnh
thoi .
CHNG II : CC PHNG N THIT K B CHNH LU
I Tng quan chung :
Ngy nay vi trnh khoa hc ngy cng hin i , vic ng dng cc thnh
tu khoa hc k thut vo trong sn xut ngy cng c m rng. Trong cc my
hn in dng cc b chnh lu c u tin s dng rng ri trong cng nghip , v
p ng c cc sn xut v i mi cng ngh . Vic dng cc b chnh lu c
cc u im ni bt sau :

C th to ra b ngun c cng sut ln .

Tn tht in p b : 1,5V .
nhy ca h thng cao v qun tnh t b .
n nh dng v p cao .
7

Hiu sut cao , khng gy n o, chi ph vn hnh, bo dng v sa cha

thp .
Kch thc b nn thun li khi lm vic nhng ni cn di chuyn c chn
ng .

Tuy nhin cc b chnh lu cng c nhng hn ch sau :

Chi ph u t ban u ln .
i hi ngi s dng phi c trnh nht nh .

H thng chnh lu c chia thnh nhiu loi :

Mt pha hoc ba pha .

i xng hoc khng i xng .
C iu chnh hoc khng iu chnh .

Tuy nhin trong phm vi ca ti ny em xin trnh by ba phng n dng b

chnh lu c th dung khi thit k ngun hn mt chiu sau :

S chnh lu cu mt pha c iu khin khng i xng .

S chnh lu cu ba pha c iu khin khng i xng .
S chnh lu cu ba pha c iu khin i xng .

II Cc phng n thit k :
II.1 . B chnh lu cu mt pha c iu khin khng i xng :
II.1.1. S nguyn l :

4:

Hnh
S

nguyn l v th chnh lu cu mt pha

bn iu khin vi gc
= 60o.

II.1.2. Cc thng s ca mch :

 in p ra sau chnh lu :
Ud =

2U 2 sin d

2 2
U 2 cos

Gi tr trung bn ca dng ti :
Id =

Ud
Rd

Tr s dng trung bnh qua cc thyristo v diode :

Itbv =

Id
2

Gi tr hiu dng dng th cp my bin p :

I2 = 2 2 I d

in p ngc ln nht t trn van :

Ung max = 2 U2

Cng sut mt chiu trn ti :

Pd = 0.9U2 . Id
Cng sut tnh ton ca my bin p :
Sba = 1.23 .Pd

II.1.3. Nhn xt :
u im:

Mch c cu to n gin, ch gm c hai i-t v hai thyristor. iu

ny s lm cho mch d thit k, iu khin v c tinh kinh t cao.

in p ra l 2U 2 nh hn cc s khc nn ta d chn van.

Rt c ng dng thc tin trong cc nh my, phn xng nh ni m

ch dng mng in mt pha

Nhc im:

S xung p mch trong mt chu k ca s bng 2, thp hn tt c

cc s m ta s nu sau y. iu s lm cho cht lng in p
v dng in ra ca mch km i. Mt khc, n cng gy ra kh khn
cho chng ta trong vn thit k b lc.

Mch ny ch dng cho cc ti c cng sut va v nh. Nu dung cho

cc mch c cng sut ln s gy nn hin tng lch cng sut gia cc
pha.

II.2. B chnh lu cu ba pha c iu khin khng i xng :

II.2.1. S nguyn l :

Hnh 5 : S nguyn l v th
chnh lu cu ba pha bn iu khin
vi gc
= 600 .
II.2.2. Cc thng s ca mch :
in p ra sau chnh lu :
Ud =

3 6

U2

( 1+ cos2 )

Gi tr dng trung bnh ra ti :

Id =

Ud
Rd

Tr s dng trung bnh qua van :

Itbv =

Id
3

in p ngc ln nht t trn van :

Ung max = 6 U2

10

 Cng sut mt chiu trn ti :

Pd = 2.34U2.Id
Cng sut tnh ton ca my bin p : Sba = 1.05 Pd
II.2.3. Nhn xt :
u im:

S xung p mch trong mt chu k ca s bng 6, nn in p ra

cao, cun khng lc s nh gn hn.

Mch iu khin n gin v ch phi iu khin ng m cho 3 van.

Trong my bin p khng c hin tng t ho cng bc v dng in

chy trong cun dy th cp my bin p l dng xoay chiu nn tng
Ampe vng ca thnh phn mt chiu gy nn trn mi tr bin p bng
0.

Hu nh khng lm mo li in. Mch c h s s dng my bin p

cao.

Nhc im:

in p ngc t ln van ln (U ng = 6 U 2 ) nn vn chn van s

gp kh khn.

St p trong mch van ln gp i s hnh tia nn khng ph hp cho

cp in p di 10 V.

Mch phc tp hn mch ca s cu khng i xng mt pha v s

tia ba pha.

II.3. B chnh lu cu ba pha c iu khin i xng :

II.3.1 S nguyn l :

11

Hnh 6: s nguyn l v th chnh lu cu 3 pha c iu khin vi = 450

II.3.2. Cc thng s ca mch :

in p ra sau chnh lu :
3 6
cos
U2

Ud =

Gi tr dng ti ra trung bnh :

Id =

Ud
Rd

Tr s dng trung bnh qua van :

Id
3

Itbv =

Tr s dng trung bnh ca cun th cp MBA :

I2 =

2
3 Id

in p ngc ln nht t trn van :

Ung max = 6 U2
Cng sut mt chiu trn ti :
Pd = 2.34 U2 .Id
Cng sut tnh ton ca my bin p :
Sba = 1.05 Pd
II.3.3. Nhn xt :
u im :

S xung p chnh lu trong mt chu k ln, v vy b p mch ca in

p chnh lu thp, cht lng in p cao.

Gi tr trung bnh dng in chy qua mi van trng mt chu k thp,

ch bng 1/3 dng chnh lu.

Do s i xng nn khng lm lch pha li in.

Nhc im:

Gi thnh cao do c nhiu van cn iu khin.

iu khin phc tp.

III . La chn phng php thit k mch :

Vi yu cu ca ti l thit k ngun hn mt chiu c :

12

in p khng ti : Ud = 60V
Dng hn cc i : Ihmax = 200A

Qua phn tch u nhc im ca ba phng n trn . m bo yu cu ca

ti th em quyt nh chn phng n : B chnh lu cu ba pha c iu khin
i xng . Vi cht lng in p v dng ra tt gip chng ta c mi hn p v
cht lng mi hn cao.

CHNG III : TNH TON V THIT K MCH LC

I . S mch lc tng qut :

Hnh 7 : S nguyn l mch lc.

Trong s s dng :

CD : (cu dao) Dng ng ct ngun bng tay .

13

AT : (p t mt) Dng ng ct ngun, t ng bo v khi qu ti v ngn mch

u ra b bin i , ngn mch th cp MBA .
L : ( Cun khng ) Cun khng c li thp dung hn ch dng ngn mch.
Rs : (Shunt in tr) thc hin phn hi m in p iu chnh dng in va
bo v qu ti .
BAH : (Bin p hn ) My bin p bap ha c s u dy /Y lm mt

bng khng kh .
B chnh lu : Dng chnh lu cu bap ha i xng .

II . Tnh ton cc thng s ca mch lc :

Theo yu cu ca ti thit k ngun hn h quang mt chiu c cc thng s
sau :

Dng hn cc i : Ihmax = 200 A

in p khng ti : Ud = 60V

Mch lc c bn b phn chnh :

My bin p lc .
Van cng sut .
Cun khng san phng.
Cc thit b bo v .

II.1. Tnh ton my bin p :

in p chnh lu khng ti :
Udo = Ud + Ud
Trong :
Ud = Uba + Uv + Uck
Uv : St p trn van dn gm 2 thyristo : Uv = 2.1,6 = 3.2V .
Uck : St p trn in khng :

Uck = 10%Ud = 10%.60 = 6V .

Uba : St p bn trong my bin p : Uba = ( 5% 10%)Ud .

Chn : Uba = 5%Ud = 5%.60 = 3V .

=> Ud = 3,2 + 6 + 3 = 12,2V .
=> Udo = 60 + 12,2 = 72,2V .
Cng sut tiu th ca my bin p :
Pd = Udo . Id = 72,2 . 200 = 14,5 KW
Cng sut my my bin p :

14

Sba = 1,05 . Pd = 1,05 . 14.5 = 15,2 KVA

Tnh ton in p v dng in cun s cp v th cp my bin p :
in p s cp : U1 = 380V .

in p th cp :
Ta c :
3 6

Udo =

U2 cos

vi

60o

Chn = 30o
U do .

=> U2 = 3 6 cos

Dng th cp my bin p :
I2 =

72,2 .

= 3 6 cos 30 o = 35,64 V

2
3

Id = 0,816 . 200 = 163,3 A

H s bin p : Kba=U2/U1 = 35,64/380 = 0,094

Dng s cp my bin p : I1 = Kba .I2 = 163,3 . 0,094 = 15,4 A.

II.2. Tnh chn van lc :

II.2.1. c im chung :
Vic tnh chn van cho mch lc da vo cc thng s: in p lm vic, dng
in ti, dng trung bnh qua van hay dng in lm vic cc i ca van trong s
chn, iu kin tn nhit.
Loi van no c st p U nh hn s c tn hao nhit t hn.

Dng in r ca loi van no nh hn th cht lng tt hn.

Nhit cho php ca loi van no cao hn th kh nng chu nhit tt hn.

in p v dng in iu khin ca loi van no nh hn, cng sut iu

khin thp hn.

Loi van no c thi gian chuyn mch b hn s nhy hn. Tuy nhin, trong
a s cc van bn dn thi gian chuyn mch thng t l nghch vi tn hao
cng sut.

iu kin lm mt van c vai tr quyt nh n hiu sut s dng van:

Lm mt t nhin bng khng kh : H = 25% .

Dng cnh tn nhit c qut mt vi tc gi 16 (m/s): H = 35% .
Cho du bin th chy qua cnh tn nhit : H= 95%.

=> Chn phng php lm mt vi H = 25%.

Cc thng s ca thyristor :
in p ngc ln nht m thyristo phi chu :
15

Ung max = 6 U2 = 6 . 35,64 = 87,3 V

in p ngc ca van cn chn :
Ungv = Kdtu .Ung max = 1,4 . 87,3 = 122,2 V
Trong : Kdtu = 1,4 ( h s d tr in p ).
Dng in lm vic ca van :
Ilv =

Id
3

200
3

= 66,67 A

Dng in nh mc ca van cn chn :

Idmv =

I lv . K dti
H

1,4 .66,67.100
25

= 373,4 A

II.2.2. La chn thyristor :

T cc thng s tnh trn ta la chon thyristor TB400 do nga ch to :

in p ngc cc i : Ung max = 300 V.

Dng in nh mc : Idmv = 400 A.
Dng in nh cc i : Idinh max = 7000 A.
Dng in r khi van trng thi kha : I r = 5 mA.

Tc bin thin in p :

Tc bin thin dng in :

St p thun trn van dng nh mc

in p iu khin nh nht m bo dng iu khin m van : Uk = 5,5V

Dng iu khin nh nht vn m bo m c van: Ik = 400(mA)
Thi gian phc hi tnh cht kha ca van :Tph = 50(s).

du
dt

=500 (V/s) .
di
dt

= 200(A/s).
: 2,1(V)

II.3. Tnh ton bo v mch lc :

II.3.1. Bo v tc tng dng

di
dt

cho thyristor :

c im ca Thyristor khi bt u dn khng cho php dng

qua n tng nhanh vt gii hn cho php, nu khng van s b
thng hng. bo v phi c in cm L pha xoay chiu nhm
hn ch tc tng dng ny.

16

Hnh 8 : S bo v tc tng dng ca thyristor .

Tnh ton cun cm L: Tc tng dng s ln nht khi in p trc khi van
dn l ln nht. Gi nh in p li bin ng 5%. Ta c:
L

U vmax
di/dt

300
6
200.10

= 1,5(H)

=> chn L = 1,5 H

II.3.2. Bo v qu dng in cho thyristor :
bo v qu dng in cho Thyristor th thng s dng
Aptomat dng ng ct mch ng lc, t ng bo v khi qu
ti v ngn mch Thyristor.
Dng in lm vic chy qua Aptomat:
Ilv =

S ba
3.380

15200
380. 3

= 23,09 A, chn Ilv = 24(A)

Nh vy Aptomat cn chn c:
Dng in nh mc: Idm = 1,1Ilv = 1,1.24 = 26,4(A)
in p nh mc: Udm = 380V
C ba tip im chnh c th ng ct bng tay hoc nam
chm in .
Dng ngn mch: Inm = 1,5Ilv = 1,5.24 = 36 (A)
Mch dng thm cu dao dng to khe h an ton khi sa cha h thng.
II.3.3. Bo v qu in p cho thyristor :
Cc nguyn nhn gy ra hin tng qu p:

Qu p t li in a ti. y l cc qu p nh: Do st nh vo ng
dy in, do ng ngt cc b ph ti chung ngun vi chnh lu.
Qu p do ng ngt cc khi chc nng ca bn than b chnh lu.
Qu p do hin tng chuyn mch ca cc van khi ang lm vic.

17

 bo v Thyristor trnh hin tng qu in p thng dng mch R-C mc

song song vi Thyristor (Hnh 9). Khi mch R- C song song vi Thyristor to
thnh mch vng phng in tch qu . R hn ch dng in ca t C khi phng
in (Thyristor cha m).

Hnh 9 : S bo v qu in p cho thyristor .

Chn R = (10 100), C = (0,1 2)F.
II.4. Thit k cun khng lc :
S p mch ca in p chnh lu cng lm cho dng in ti cng p mch
theo, lm xu i cht lng dng in mt chiu. Vi cng ngh m in th n lm
cho cht lng ca lp m khng cao: lp m khng u, khng t c cc tiu
chun a ra: bn - bng - p
hn ch s p mch ny ta phi mc ni tip vi ti mt cun khng lc
ln h s p mch sau mch lc t gi tr kdmr<0,1. Ngoi tc dng hn ch thnh
phn sng hi bc cao, cun khng lc cn c tc dng hn ch vng dng in gin
on .
Kdmv
Kdmr

Ta c h s san bng: Ksb =

Trong :

Kdmv l h s p mch u vo
Kdmr l h s p mch ra.

Vy h s p mch u vo Kdmv =

U 1m
Ud

380
60 = 6,33 .

Li c theo b tham s ca mch chnh lu cu ba pha c cun khng cn bng th:

Kdmr = 0,057
T ta c cun khng lc: L =

Rd
Mdm . w 1 ksb =

8.10
6.2 .50 .

31,67
0,057

= 2,35(mH)

Trong : mdm l s ln p mch ca in p chnh lu trong mt chu k li xoay

chiu

18

Rd : tng tt c cc in tr ti
W1: tn s gc ca in p xoay chiu.
II.5. Tnh cun khng cn bng :
Dng t ha cun khng cn bng:
iocb =

0,19.U 2 dm
w . Lcb

=I

Suy ra cm khng ca cun khng cn bng:

Lcb =

Ta c: icb =

Id
2

0,19.U 2 dm
w .I

200
2 = 100(A)

iocb = 20%icb = 100.0,2 = 20(A)

U2dm = 17(V)
w = 2 f , vi f l tn s cun khng, f = mdm .f1 = 300(Hz)
Vy w = 2.3,14.300 = 1884(rad/s)
Thay vo cng thc tnh Lcb ta c: Lcb =

0,19.17
1884.20 = 0,85 (H).

CHNG 4 : THIT K MCH IU KHIN

I . Yu cu i vi mch iu khin :
Mch iu khin (MK) chnh lu cn thc hin cc nhim v chnh sau:
Pht xung iu khin (xung m van) n cc van lc theo ng pha v
vi gc iu khin cn thit.
m bo phm vi iu chnh gc min max tng n vi phm vi thay i
in p ra ta ca cc mch lc.
Cho php chnh lu lm vic cc ch khc nhau do ti yu cu.
C i xng xung iu khin tt, khng vt qu 1 3 in,
tc l gc iu khin vi mi van khng c vt qu gi tr trn.
m bo mch hot ng n nh v tin cy khi li in xoay chiu dao
ng c v in p ln tn s.
C kh nng chng nhiu cng nghip tt.

19

 tc ng ca mch iu khin nhanh, di 1ms.

Mch iu khin phi c chc nng bo v khi xy ra s c.
m bo xung iu khin pht ti cc van lc ph hp m chc chn
van.
II . Mch iu khin :
II .1. B iu khin cu ba pha :

Hnh 10 : Khi iu khin cu ba pha .

Hnh 11 : Thut ton khi iu khin chnh lu cu ba pha .

II.2. My bin p ba pha :

20

Hnh 12 : Khi my bin p hn .

Hnh 13 : Thng s khi my bin p hn .

II.3. Mch iu khin m phng trn Matlab :

Hnh 14 : Mch iu khin m phng trn Matlab .

III . Kt qu hin th :
III.1. Hin th xung iu khin 6 van thyristor :

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Hnh 15 : th xung iu khin cho 6 thyristor mch cu 3 pha dng xung kp .

III.2. Hin th kt qu m phng h thng chnh lu cu 3 pha :

Hnh 16 : th kt qu m phng h thng chnh lu cu 3 pha.

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KT LUN
Qua qu trnh lm n em c gng nghin cu v tm hiu,
cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy Mnh Cng , em
hon thnh cc nhim v c giao ca bn n: Thit k ngun
m mt chiu.
Trong qu trnh thc hin, gip em tm hiu v nm chc
hn v nhng kin thc c hc c bit l mn: in t cng
sut. ng thi gip em c th bc u nh hnh c khi qut
v ngun hn h quang mt chiu ang ngy cng ph bin .
Qu trnh hon thnh bn n chc chn em khng th trnh
khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong nhn c kin ng gp ca
cc thy, cc c bn n ny c hon thin hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Hng dn thit k in t cng sut _ Thy Phm Quc Hi

Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut.

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2. in t cng sut_ Thy V Minh Chnh(ch bin)

Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut
3. Gio trnh in t cng sut_ Thy Trn Trng Minh
Nh xut bn gio dc Vit Nam

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