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Review Article
ACNE AND ITS TREATMENT LINES
Corresponding Author: Chanda Ray*, Assistant Professor, Lloyd School of Pharmacy,
Co-Author: Poornima Trivedi, Vikas Sharma.
Address: Lloyd School of Pharmacy, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park 2, Greater Noida, U.P. India
Received 07 January 2013; accepted 23 January 2013
Abstract
Acne is a cutaneous pleomorphic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit involving abnormalities in sebum production and is
characterized by both inflammatory (papules, pustules and nodules) and noninflammatory (comedones, open and closed)
lesions. Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are common pus-forming microbes responsible for the
development of various forms of,acne vulgaris. Common therapies that are used for the treatment of acne include topical,
systemic, hormonal, herbal and combination therapy.It is the sequelae of the disease that are the distinguishing
characteristics of acne in skin of color, namely postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and keloidal or hypertrophic scarring.
Although the medical and surgical treatment options are the same, it is these features that should be kept in mind when
designing a treatment regimen for acne.This review focuses on the treatment of acne using various drug delivery systems.
2013 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
INTRODUCTION
Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous follicle
characterized by non-inflammatory (open and closed
comedones) and inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules,
and nodules). Its pathogenesis is multifactorial - the
interplay of hormonal, bacterial, and immunological
(inflammatory) factors results in the formation of acne
lesions. Although acne is not a life-threatening condition, it
can have detrimental effects on the quality of life of
affected individuals. Fortunately, acne is readily responsive
to the wide-range of available medications, with the goals
of therapy being to clear the lesions, prevent scarring, and
limit any treatment-related side-effects and psychosocial
sequelae. Newer fixed-dose combination products target
multiple acne pathogenic factors and offer simplified
dosing regimens, which may potentially enhance both
efficacy and patient adherence when compared with single
agent therapy.The term acne is derived from Greek
wordacme which means prime of life. Although
generally considered to be a benign, self limiting condition,
acne may cause severe psychologicalproblems or
disfiguring scars that can persist for a lifetime. It is a
pleomorphic disorder and can manifest at any time during
life but it most commonly presents between ages of 12-24,
which estimates of 85% of population affected. In recent
years multifactorial nature of acne has beenelucidated. An
improved understanding of the pathophysiology of acne
leads to rational therapy for successful treatment.1
Food
Actually, no study has yet proven that any specific foods or
dietary habits can cause or worsen acne. However, if you
find that a certain kind of food seems to aggravate your
acne, try removing it from your diet. Removing entire food
groups from your diet, though, is not healthy so is not
recommended. (Canadian Dermatology Association).14
Complementary and Alternative Medicines
They are defined by the World Health Organization as: A
broad set of health care practices that are not part ofthe
When taken orally willow bark has been safely used for up
to 12 weeks. However, there is insufficient information to
recommend its use in pregnant women. Lactating women
should avoid using willow bark since it contains salicylates
which have been linked to adverse side effects on nursing
infants.40
Viola or wild pansy (Viola tricolor): Viola has
traditionally been used as a topical home remedy for skin
conditions like eczema and acne. In Ayurvedic terms viola
is a blood-cleanser herb.The dried aerial parts of the viola
are used in natural medicine preparations. They contain a
number of beneficial polyphenols, including salicylic acid a
known antimicrobial used in many homeopathic and
commercial acne treatment products.Lab experiments have
10
lesions47.
11
12
Pentaphylla
DOSAGE &
DURATION
10-12ml, 812 hourly
10-12ml, 812 hourly
10-12ml, 812 hourly
Q.S upto 1
month.
As directed
by Physician
As directed
by Physician
As directed
by Physician
As directed
by Physician
ROUTE OF
ADMINISTRATION
Orally administerd
SIDE
EFFECTS
Loose
motions
Orally administerd
Orally administerd
Tropical application
Tropical application
Tropical application
Tropical application
Tropical application
ofthe case:
Mild acne Benzoyl peroxide
- Azelaic acid
- Topical Retinoids
Moderate acne- Antibiotics
- Hormonal Treatment
Severe Acne- Surgery
-Isotretinoin
TREATMENT OF MILD ACNE
1. Benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide is an extremely mild topical medication,
and is used commonly to treat acne.
Studies have proven that it is safe for adults and children as
well as pregnant women.
The properties that make benzoyl peroxide useful in
treating the condition are
It is an antiseptic: The product acts on the skin
surface, reducing the number of bacteria andyeasts. It
has the edge on antibiotics in that it doesnt cause
bacterial resistance to develop. It may actually reverse
any resistance built up due to prior medications.
Acts as an oxidizing agent: Benzoyl peroxide is
comedolytic; it reduces the number ofcomedones on
the skins surface.
It is an anti-inflammatory: Benzoyl peroxide is
available as a non-prescription product in the form of
creams or gels. It can be combined with other topical
drugs as well.
Side Effects: Mild skin irritation, including redness,
dryness, and itching of treated area.
2. Azelaic acid
Azelaic acid is found naturally, as the by-product of the
yeast (Pityrosporum ovale) living on healthy skin. It is
available as a non-prescription drug, either as a gel or as a
cream. It is applied directly to the skin, and it acts by
exfoliating dead cells from the skin, thus preventing the
clogging of pores.
3. Topical Retinoids
13
CONCLUSION:
Acne be managed very effectively with a range of
treatments. Treatment is aimed at improving appearance,
discomfort, and psychological wellbeing; and preventing
scarring. It is an important disorder to treat, and it should
not be dismissed as something trivial or purely
cosmetic.Adult acne is found in women, and as compared
to adolescent acne is more inflammatory, with involvement
of the cheeks and lower half of the face, while comedones
are rare. Facial scarring occurs in a majority and stresses
along with psycho-social problems arecommon, which
emphasizes that adult acne should not be neglected.
Complementary therapies in acne should be viewed in a
wider context than that of the very limited empiric evidence
base that exists for their use. Also rigorously conducted
trials should be conducted to define efficacy and adverse
effect profiles of currently used CAM acne
therapies.Present outcome measures should be assessed
further and agreement reached about which should be used
more widely.Some creative methods of assessing acne can
also be explored.
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