VECTORS

VECTORS: FORCES ACTING ON

AN OBJECT
FORCES
A push or a pull.
Any influence capable of
producing a change in the
motion of an object.
May be represented by a vector
quantity.

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
1. Scalar quantity has
magnitude only.
2. Vector quantity has
magnitude and direction.
*Vectors may represented by a

directed line segment magnitude.

0N
5
A=
E
of

F= 100N, due E

30

'
, 30

Methods of Vector Addition

A. Graphical Method
1. Parallelogram
2. Polygon method
B. Analytical Method
1. Trigonometric Method
2. Component Method

Resultant Force a single

force producing the same effect as

the given forces.
Equilibrium Force- a force
equilibrium in magnitude but
app.the direction of the resultant
force..

A.

Graphical
Method

1. Parallelogram method

EXAMPLE:
1. Find the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force
given:

A=100N, due E
B=90N, 60 of E
Scale: unit: 10N
1cm: 10N

.5
6
1
R=

60

R=28.5
60

R=
R= 165 N
Final Ans.
R= 165N, 28.5N of E

2.Determine the R Given

A=80N, 10 W of N
B= 40N, 5 S of W
Scale: 1unit : 10N

5
A
9
R=
.2
un
its

10

34

A. Graphical
Method
2. POLYGON

EXAMPLE:
1. Find the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force
given:
A= 10 N, 70 S of E
B= 5 N, due E
C= 15 N, 45 N of E
D= 15 N, 60 N of W

Scale: 1 unit = 1 N

8.5
1
R=

its
n
u
D

50

70

C
A
45
B

R=

= 18.5 N, 50 N of E
Or
= 18.5 N, 40 E of N

B. ANALYTICAL METHOD
1. Trigonometric Method

EXAMPLE:
Determine R given:
A= 100 N, due E
B= 90 N, 60 N of E

MAGNITUDE:
Cosine Law

Where: = angle between the two vectors

= 164.62
N

DIRECTION
Sine Law

B
R
B

= 120

60

=180
= 180-60
= 120

Final Ans.

R= 164.62 N, 28.26 N of E

Another Example:
A= 80 N, 40 W
of N
B= 40 N, 5 S of
W
= 180-
=180- 85
= 95

= 92.51
N

= 50.48

Final Ans.

92.51 N, 54.48 N of W

ALTERNATIVE SOLN:
DRAwiNG

Final Ans.
R= 92.51 N, 35.51 W of N

COMPONENT METHOD
EXAMPLE:
Find R given:
A= 10 N, 70 S of E
B = 5 N, due E
C = 15 N, 45 N of E
D = 15 N, 60 N of W
Soln:

STEP 1. Resolve all forces consider A

Ax = Acos
Ax= 10 N cos 70
Ax=3.40 N

Ay=Asin
=10sin70
Ay=-9.4

Consider B(5N,due E)
Bx = 5N
By = 0

Consider C (15N, 45 N of E)
Cx=Ccos
15Ncos45
Cx=10.61 N

Cy=Csin
15Nsin45
Cy=10.61 N

Consider D (15 N,60 N of W)

Dx=Dcos
=15N cos 60
Dx= -7.5 N

Dy= Dcos
=15N sin 60
Dy=12.99N

Consider A
Ax

Consider B

70

Ay

Consider C

Consider D

Cy

Dy
60

45
Cx

Dx

STEP 2. TABULATE THE RESULT

FORCES

x-COMPONENT

Y-COMPONENT

3.42 N

-9.4 N

5N

0N

10.61 N

10.61 N

-7.5 N

12.99 N

TOTAL

Fx=11.53 N

Fy=14.2 N

STEP 3. DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE R

By: Pythagoreans Theorem

Fy

Fy

C = 18.29 N
Fx

STEP 4. DETERMINE THE DIRECTION

FINAL ANS:
R= 18.29N,50.92 N of E -----lower
triangle
R=18.29 N, 39.08 E of N ---- upper
triangle