Qu trnh on nhit (adiabatic)

Q = 0 ; A = PdV ;
dU = CvdT = Q - A = - PdV

ng nhit
on nhit

&
1

Nguyn l 2
Heat engine

Kelvin: Khng th chuyn nhit t mt ngun nng

hon ton thnh Cng m phi truyn mt phn ra
ngun lnh.
2

Nguyn l 2

Nguyn l 2
Hiu sut:
A
T2
1
Q
T1

L hiu sut ln
nht ca cc my
nhit (heat engine).

Nguyn l 2
QA
[A]
T1

QA
V2
R ln
T
V1

ng nhit (isothermal)

on nhit
(adiabatic)

ng tch (Const V.)

Nguyn l 2
[B]

QB
0
T

ng nhit (isothermal)

on nhit
(adiabatic)

ng tch (Const V.)

Nguyn l 2
[C]

QC
T1
CV ln
T
T2

ng nhit (isothermal)

on nhit
(adiabatic)

A= 0

ng tch (Const V.)

QC= Cv.dT
7

Nguyn l 2
[A]

vs.

QA
V2
R ln
T
V1

Hm trng thi S:

[B] + [C]

QC
T1
CV ln
T
T2

QB
T

QA
T

QA
T

V2
R ln
V1

dS
8