rcenenpat en -ntength tye protection should be worn throughout this 1 i Se espetincre = be iecsig [0 not overtighten the wives ~ they con be broken. and brquency of 4 see Experimental instructions Sec up the apyaratus 35 shown in figure 1. Tao experunznts should be performed @)— vanauun of frequency f with tension (7) keeping the length constant) (a) eanavon of frequency with length (L) tkeeping. the tension constant. The trequency should be found by: using a series of tuning forks testing on the budy of the sonomctet Analysis and conclusions ‘Two graphs sould be pleted: W frequency agunst the square root of the tension (7) (i fecquemey agaiont }-\ Teen oF these ogenmentsin wo mene ne reste nde afte sald aud under ey Refractive index of solids Using Snell's Law I Sakina a ‘You wht need: ‘ } ‘Semicircolar aryl: Perspex bine: "Ok protractor or protuactor template + Sheet of white paper + Ray box and suitable power supply gene war Mpa sd ~ 2 Experimental instructions the blocks and draw a Tine at right angles to the Place the semicirular block ori the sheet of er shite paper and draw round ahe Bleek, Remove block 40 that it pastes through the centre of the strawght side of the block. This line is the normal to the surface at that point. Set up the ray box so that & ray meets the wang ling und the block. Mark a peint on the ingident tay and the refracted soy widh # pencil at any position outside the block, Repeat the experiment for 8 number of different vatnes of 1. Analysis and conclusion Coleulae the refractive index (4 for the black using Snel’ aw (he average value. Remove the block, join Up the points to show the Foun iorio oe tay directions and sneasure the angle of incidence 2 eed god the angle of refraction # Alternatively use the prowrector template. = Soi OH) and find therm ae ractical 15 (cont.) Refractive index measurement Liquids . a Real and apparent depth methods You wall need aga ug va oar Savon toad 53 satolpermaheanegenss | | paraffin cooking oit + Traveling mascwope \y_Tat beaker o gaspar th nat base + Pot of cumnitove SS Experimental instructions nthe table and focus on the writing using the travelling: microscope. scale (44), Place a sheet of paper 01 ‘Take the reading from the micros: Now fil) the besker with one of the liquids, place it on the sheet of paper and focus on the \eriting viewed through the liquid Take the reading from dhe mcroscore scale (43). ‘on the top of the liquid, Take the reading from the scale (d,) It may be Finally focus the liquid’s turface to mabe easier to focus ea necessary fo sprinkle a litle fine powder on dus icroscope 1 to move # pend up and down the ‘An alternative wo the use of the travelling mi bemween the peticd punt and the image of the outside of the beaker wou! dhere s paruliax watiting when viewed through the quid “The distance of the pencil from the liquid surface 1 the apparent depth of the umage. Analysis and conclusion Cateulate the refractive index (ae) of the liquid (rom Real depth _ 4 = Apparent depo You should ignore the effect on the refraction of the small thickness of glass berween the guid and the paper.Pays ye RE aaa Ne sane By eae wea awh ca mise ‘Tea Practi ' tactical 16 Stress concentrations investigations - polarised light ee meet Semen at SED us any ad tee exiar-eat a we tye protection should be worn. Do not Look directly Into the beam of light from the OHP. | Take care not to damage the glass plate of the OHP. Peet Lem the atin Cane etme of areas mami | Fague 3, Vieng sep concent ations axing Pole fre y = {Yeu wit need \ [+ Teo paces of Polaroid fim + Avanety of traniparent objects such as | j Stide proyector of overhead projector a proneactor, set square, rules, plastic hog, | \ ‘saress structure set adhesne tape araparent inode ota nest —} GSS mene Experimental instructions "The alee uf te eayrceimend i Ww wwe weparcil taivnals wold dhe sreases tm actual survcrures. Using the OHP place one prece ol ‘an top of the first and adjust W en stath thear planes of polansation al eft angles to cach Sunch on the OHP and observe the resulting nartern on 8 Serco Near to the edges of the ruler you will see coloured pamterns showing regions of varung stress, Repeat dhe experiment with as many different Shapes of posunle, Lasers of adheave cape fixed to a pow slide snake an increrting ob/ect of study seein tement dear polythene bag it i possible te vary 4 ae cee a rer Bening be nit tho fSCostng F Polarobd on the glass. Put the other piece of Polaroid 1 ne light pastes Unrough them - they are “enwsed” 1 oer