DOPPLER

ULTRASOUND

WHAT IS DOPPLER ?
OR
WHO IS DOPPLER?

DOPPLER EFFECT
It is the change in frequency
of light or sound waves
when there is a relative
motion between the source
& the observer.

DOPPLER INSTRUMENTS
Continuous wave
Pulsed wave
Duplex scan
Color flow mapping
Triplex
Angio Doppler

P. W. Doppler
Range gating select Doppler
information from a particular
location within the anatomy .
Based on their arrival time , echoes
coming from reflectors at a given
depth may be selected by the
receiver gate .

SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
Doppler signal power is proportional to bl
density (no. of cells/unit vol.) .A bright spot
means a strong Doppler shift freq. was
received=many scattering bl. cells moving at
velocities ( speeds & directions)
corresponding to that Doppler shift
A weak frequency (dark)=few cells are
traveling at velocities corresponding to that
Doppler shift at that time .

Doppler shift =2 fv Cos O

c
F transmitted freq.
V velocity of the moving target
O is the angle bet.U/S beam & direction of
movement
C velocity of sound in the tissue(1540 m/sec)

QUALITATIVE FLOW ANALYSIS

A/B = AB ratio S/D ( Stuart et al 1980)

A-B/A = RI (Pourcelot ,1974)
A-B/MEAN = PI (Gosling & King1975)