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(1918) (S.S. 153) Notes On The '08 (Heavy) and '08'15 (Light) German Machine Guns
(1918) (S.S. 153) Notes On The '08 (Heavy) and '08'15 (Light) German Machine Guns
S.S. 153.]
40/W.O./6705.
1 "' t
Revised
Edition.
I S S U E D DOWN T O
BATTALIONS.
August, 1918.
FKIKTBD IK rKAKCK BY ARMY PRINTING ANP STATIONARY SBSYICKB.
CONTENTS.
Section I.The '08 (Heavy) German Machine Gun.
General Description
The non-recoiling portions ...
The recoiling portions
The mounting
Action of mechanism
Backward movement of recoiling portions
Forward movement of recoiling portions
Firing action
...
...
Stoppages
...
Improvised mountings
Telescopic sights
Section II.The '08/'15 (Light) German Machine Gun
General description ...
The non-recoiling portions ...
Ball firing attachment and flash obscurer
The recoiling portions
...
...
Action of mechanism
Backward movement of recoiling portions
Forward movement of recoiling portions
Firing action
Stoppages
Appendix.
Anti-aircraft sights ...
Plate I.The '08 (Heavy) German Machine Gun.
Plate II.The '08/'15 (Light) German Machine Gun.
PBESS A8/186641S18,000.
How Operated.
3. It is recoil operated, and is worked by two forces, (a)
The force of explosion, which forces the recoiling portions backwards, and (fa)'the fuzee spring, which carries them forward.
THE NON-RECOILING PORTIONS.
Non-Recoiling Portions.
4. The non-recoiling portions consist of the barrel casing and
the breech casing, and are attached to the mounting by (a) two
trunnions on the barrel casing, fitting into bearings in a bracket
on the sledge, and (b) by the elevating joint pin bracket.
Barrel Casing.
5. The barrel casing is of steel, and holds about 6f pints
of water to prevent the barrel from becoming too hot during firing.
It has three openings, one near the front and directly under the
barrel with a tap for drawing off the water. One near the front end
but to the left of the emptying hole for allowing the steam to
escape. This has a hose fitting for attaching the condenser tube.
The third is on the top right side near the breech and is for filling
the barrel casing with water.
3
Bubber Plug.
6. A rubber or composition plug is attached to the barrel
casing by a chain. This is placed in the steam escape hole when
the gun is travelling to prevent the escape of water. It should
be removed before firing.
Packing (3-land.
7. At the front end of the barrel casing there is an opening
through which the barrel passes. This is packed with asbestos,
which prevents the escape of water. The asbestos is kept in
position by the packing gland.
Steam Tube.
8. Inside and running along the top of the barrel casing
is a steam tube. It consists of a fixed tube and an outer tube
termed the slide valve, so arranged as to slide freely over the
fixed tube.
The fixed tube has three holes, one near each end and one in
the threaded portion in 4vont, connected with the steam escape
hole.
..
It is retained in position by a keeper screw, which ensures
that the third hole coincides with the steam escape hole.
If the gun is elevated the valve slides backwards, closes up
the hole at the rear end preventing the escape of water, but leaves
the hole at the front open to allow of the escape of steam. Vice
versa if the gun is depressed.
Foresight.
'
9. At the front and on top of the barrel casing is the foresight, dovetailed into a block and secured by a screw. It is of
the barleycorn pattern.
Trunnions.
10. There are two trunnions on the barrel casing, one on the
top and one on the bottom, for securing the gun to the mounting.
These form the pivot on which the gun is traversed.
Ejector Tube.
11. At the rear end in the lower portion of the -barrel casing
is the ejector tube, fitted with a spring to prevent the empty cases
from falling back into the gun.
Breech Casing.
12. The breech casing is dovetailed into the rear extension of
the barrel casing and consists of two outside plates, a bottom plate
which is riveted to them, a rear crosspiece, the whole being closed
by a cover.
4
Feed Block.
13. The feed block fits under the cover into a recess cut for it
in the breech casing. I t has a slide to which is attached a pawl and
spring for the purpose of moving the cartridges from right to left.
The slide has a transverse motion given to it by means of two
levers which are fitted together at right angles. The top lever fits
between projections on the slide, and on the bottom lever is a stud
which engages in a recess in the prolongation of the left inside plate.
B y this means the slide is connected with the recoiling portions.
I t has two stationary pawls, both of which are on a bar, which is
operated by a lever at the right rear end of the feed block.
These pawls are actuated by a coil spring. The pawls engage
under the cartridge and prevent the belt slipping out of the feed
block during firing.
Inside, at the front end, is a spring to position the cartridges.
At the rear end, and above the cartridge guides, is another spring
which engages in the groove at the base of the cartridge. There
are two stops inside, which prevent the cartridge from going too far
to the left.
Fuzee Spring.
14. On the left of the breech casing is a box which contains
the fuzee spring, underneath the fore end of which is a ribbon
spring, which m u s t be pressed up before the box can be removed.
The fuzee spring is a strong spiral spring, the rear end of which
is connected to the fuzee chain by means of a hook.
The fuzee spring is attached to'the fuzee spring box by means
of a long adjusting screw, which passes through the front end of the
fuzee spring box and screws into a gun-metal bush at the front end
of the spring. The strength of the -spring is altered by means of
a vice pin. On the outside of the box is a scale reading from 0 to
70. The best average setting is at 33.
Between the n u t of the spring and the front inside end of the
fuzee spring box is an auxiliary spring for working the indicator.
Ball-firing Attachment and Flash Obscurer.
15. The muzzle attachment consists of a steel cylinder in
two parts connected by a screw thread. I t is threaded at the
rear end to screw direct into the barrel casing and so forms a
packing gland for holding the asbestos packing in position. At
both ends of this cylinder are a set of holes for the escape of the
,:
gases.
Inside the cylinder is a steel valve which travels freely in the
cylinder.
6
Drank (which bears against the crank stops), which are all slightly
above the horizontal, to prevent a premature opening of the breech.
The lock has a reciprocating motion given to it by the rotation of
the crank, and is kept in position during its backward and forward
movements by the lock flanges working in the lo'ck guides on the
side plates, and when clear of the guides by the steel block underneath the cover.
The extractor is moved upwards by means of the side and
extractor levers, and when in its highest position is retained there
by the side plate springs, so preventing the extractor from falling
until the horns have engaged on the cams.
The upward and downward movement of the extractor is
regulated by guide ribs and stops. The top stop is part of the lock
spring; the bottom stop is removable.
On the face of the
extractor are:Firing pin hole and extractor spring. On either
side of the latter the extractor is cut away to facilitate ejection of
the cartridges. At the top are horns for engaging on the cams
(inside the breech casing).
Inside the lock are the sear and spring, tumbler, firing pin,
lock spring and trigger. The lock spring is positioned by an axis
pin, which also acts as a keeper pin for the bracket on which the
extractor levers work.
The gun is supplied with cartridges from a belt which is
almost identical with the Maxim or Vickers belts.
THE SLEDGE MOUNTING.
Weight.
About 77 lbs. with accessories.
Pattern.
Sledge pattern which can be carried either as a one man load
or as a two man load, or can be dragged.
The Front Legs.
The two front legs are pivoted on an axis and can be turned
back to lay directly over the rear portion when the sledge is
dragged.
They each have a pad attached to rest on the
gunner's shoulders when the mount is carried by one man only.
On the inside of each leg is a hand lever positioned by a ribbon
spring, on the front end of which are two studs which engage in
slots on the curved portion of the sledge when the gun is mounted
for firing. At the end of each leg is a small spade and shoe to
prevent the mount from sinking when the gun is firing.
8
Fig. 1.
Traverse.
The gun can only be traversed 30 degrees unless the mounting
is moved.
This means that the limit of traverse is half the distance to the
target.
10
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17
AUXILIARY M O U N T I N G F O B G E R M A N ' 0 8
HEAVY MACHINE GUNcontinued.
h
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Fig. 3.
19
BH lbs.
H lbs.
7 lbs.
43 lbs.
lbs.
ins.
ins.
ins.
How Operated.
2. It is recoil operated, and is worked by two forces(a) The
force of explosion, which forces the recoiling portions backwards,
and (b) the fuzee spring, which carries them forward.
THE
3.
NON-RECOILING
PORTIONS.
20
20. To Fire.Suppose
the gun to be loaded: if the safety
catch is drawn back to " P " and the trigger pressed, the gun
will fire and continue to fire until the belt is empty or the trigger
released.
I n the latter case, there will always be two live
rounds gripped in the extractor, one in the chamber and one in the
feed blo'ck, so that the gun will fire again by simply pressing, the
trigger.
BACKWARD MOVEMENT OF T H E RECOILING PORTIONS.
21. Action on Recoil.Suppose
the gun to have just fired:
the extractor will be gripping a live round in the feed block, and an
empty case, which has just been fired, in the chamber; the force of
explosion, assisted by the action of the muzzle attachment, forces
the recoiling portions backward through a distance of about 1 inch,
thereby causing the fuzee spring to be extended.
22. Action in the Feed Block.As the recoiling portions move
backward, the re'eess in the prolongation of the left side plate carries
with it the stud on the bottom lever of the feed block. The bottom
lever, which is at right angles to the top lever, causes the top lever
slide and pawl to move from left to right, and the top pawl passes
over and engages behind a fresh cartridge, which has up to now been
held in place by the bottom pawls.
As soon as the extractor reaches its highest position, the two
side plate springs engage in slots in its side and so ensure the
extra'ctor remaining at its highest until the horns engage on the
cams.
As*soon as the lock is right home, and the extractor at its
highest, the screwed head rises slightly above the horizontal and
lifts the tail of the sear, thereby disengaging the bent of the sear
from the bent of the firing pin, which allows the lock spring to
carry the firing pin slightly forward till the bent of the tumbler is
engaged by the nose of the trigger.
23. Rotation of Crank.The
backward movement of the
recoiling portions causes the curved arm of the crank handle to
roll on the roller, which action rotates the crank. The rotation of
the crank withdraws the lock, and causes the fuzee to wind the
chain about itself, so causing a further extension of the fuzee spring.
As the lock comes back, the extractor brings with it a live round
from the feed block, and the empty case from the.chamber. The
horns of the extractor engage upon the top surface of the cams and
ride along t h e m until they get to the end, when they drop either
by their own weight or assisted by the action of the cover springs.
This places the live round opposite the chamber and the empty
26
case opposite the ejector tube. The live round is prevented from
falling off the face of the extractor by the bottom projection of the
gib, and the empty case by the extractor spring.
When the lock is right back the lock flanges are clear of the
lock guides and it is kept in position by the steel block on the
underside of the cover.
24. Cocking Action of the Loch.A's the lock comes back,
the rotation of the crank gives a downward motion to the connecting rod and screwed head, the latter bearing on the tail of the
tumbler, causing it to rotate on its axis; and as the head of the
tumbler is engaged in a recess in the rear end of the firing pin, it
causes the firing pin to be forced to the rear.
The long arm of the lock spring is engaged in a recess in the
front end of the firing pin, while the short arm bears against the
upper part of the trigger, so that as the firing pin is drawn back
the lock spring is compressed by the longer arm being drawn
towards the short arm.
As the tumbler rotates, the nose of the trigger is forced under
the bent of the tumbler, but a continued motion of the tumbler
forces the firing pin still further back until the bent of the sear is
forced into the bent of the firing pin (the sear being actuated by the
sear spring). The lock spring is now fully compressed and the
firing pin prevented from flying forward.
FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE RECOILING PORTIONS.
25. Action of the Fuzee Spring."When the force of the recoil
is spent, the fuzee spring, which is extended, comes into play, and
carries the whole of the recoiling portions forward again.
26. Action in the Feed Block.As the recoiling portions
travel forward the recess in the prolongation of the left side plate
carries forward the stud on the bottom lever. This causes the top
lever, slide and pawl and fresh 'cartridges to move from right to
left. . The fresh cartridge is placed in position in the face of the
feed block, ready to be gripped by the extractor, and against the
cartridge and bullet stops, whilst the groove of the cartridge is
engaged by the spring on the undersurface of the top of the feed
block. The belt as it passes to the left causes the bottom pawls
to be depressed, which, when the cartridge has passed over them,
rise behind it, so holding the belt in position when the first cartridge
is withdrawn.
27. Rotation of Crank.The fuzee spring, assisted by the
rebound of the tail of the crank handle from the roller pulling on
27
the chain of the fuzee, causes t h e m to unwind from the fuzee; this
rotates the fuzee, which causes the crank to rotate, which lifts up
the connecting rod and screwed head. This causes the lock to
move forward, placing the live round in the chamber, and the
empty case in the ejector t u b e ; when the lock is almost home the
extractor is forced upwards by the side levers bearing on the
extractor levers, the extractor spring passes over the base of the
empty case in the ejector tube, where it is held by the ejector
tube spring until it is pushed out by t h e next empty case.
The bottom projection of the gib passes over t h e base of the
live round in the chamber. The cap of the cartridge is thus placed
opposite the firing pin hole, and the fresh cartridge, which has been
fed up into the feed block is engaged by the extractor, by the top
projection of the gib passing over its base.
FIRING
ACTION.
28. First Shot.If the safety 'catch is pulled back to " F "
and the firing trigger pressed the trigger bar is slightly withdrawn,
and the projection on it, engages and draws back the tail of the
trigger. This releases the nose of the trigger from the bent of the
tumbler, the lock spring carries the firing pin forward, thus
firing the cartridge.
29. -Subsequent Shots.If the pressure is maintained on the
firing trigger, the trigger bar is held back, so that each time
the lock goes- forward the tail of the trigger is tripped, which
prevents the nose of the trigger from engaging under the bent
of the tumbler.
When the lock is right home, and the extractor
at its highest, the screwed head rises above the horizontal, lifts
the tail of the sear, disengages the bent of the sear from
the bent of the firing pin, and as there is nothing further to
prevent it, the lock spring carries the firing pin forward and
explodes the charge. This continues as long as pressure is maintained on the firing button. The lifting of the sear is so timed that
the firing pin cannot be released until the lock is in the firing
position.
30. Cease Fire.If the pressure on the firing trigger is
released, the trigger bar is forced forward; therefore, when the lock
goes forward the tail of the trigger is not tripped. W h e n t h e bent
of the sear is released from the bent of the firing pin, the firing pin
cannot go right forward, because the short arm of the lock spring
forces the nose of the trigger under the bent of the tumbler.
28
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APPENDIX.
ANTI-AIRCRAFT
SIGHTS.
31
CORRECT
32
Plate I.
GERMAN (HEAVY) MACHINE GUN '08.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(a)
Barrel casing.
Breech casing.
Traversing handles.
Feed block.
Tangent sight, raised.
Fuzee spring box.
End of barrel.
Sledge runner when front legs are folded
back.
(d) Securing catch for adjusting the height
of front legs working in the slots cut
in the curved plate.
Plate II.
GERMAN (LIGHT) MACHINE GUN
08/15.
Foresight
Afuzz/e detachment
and f/asfi odscurer.
f/tcfhp for attacning
condenser GobeS^
Barrel casing
feat/ block
Tangent ^ ^ s s ^ S ^ F ^ s a J i v ^
^ ^
"
\ \ / v\.
\\Br3clcec for
/
Bipod
CranA nandle-
\\\
Safety c3^P^>^^\r^t
Trigger
Buct
Prsto?
grip
i_r
S/ing
r^
Bipod
Spnng
fTr'9.9er
bar
\ j Triyge,
gland
Barrel