C1H4 has 1 isomer

1. C1H4

C2H6 has 1 isomer

1.

CH3-CH3

C3H8 has 1 isomer

1.

CH3-CH2-CH3

C4H10 has 2 isomers

1. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
2. CH3-CH-CH3
|
CH3

C5H12 has 3 isomers

1. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
2. CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
|
CH3

CH3
|
3. CH3-C-CH3
|
CH3
We can generate the following isomer but that will be same as
isomer 2. So, we need to discard it.
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
|
CH3

C6H14 has 5 isomers

1. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
2. CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
|
CH3
3. CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3
|
CH3

4. CH3-CH-CH-CH3
|
|
CH3 CH3
CH3
|
5. CH3-C-CH2-CH3
|
CH3
Any other combination will be duplicated. For example if we move
the CH3 to the next carbon in isomer 3 then that becomes same as
isomer 2.
So, the basic rules is.
Each carbon has 4 bonds and each bond has to connect with a
hydrogen or another carbon. No bond should be left free.