Shazleen Farhana

C11109868
Cystitis
Definition of cystitis

Cystitis is the inflammation of the bladder.

Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection.

Cystitis can be painful and annoying, and it can become a serious health
problem if it spreads to the kidneys.

Etiology of cystitis

Escherichia Coli, which is the most common pathogen; and Proteus

species, followed by Enterobacter.

Candida Albicans in patients on long-term antibiotics.

Cryptococcus species in immunosuppressed patients.

Schistosoma species, particularly in the Middle eastern countries.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis: tuberculous cystitis usually suggests

tuberculosis in the upper urinary tract.

Symptoms of cystitis

A strong, persistent urge to urinate

A burning sensation when urinating

Passing frequent, small amounts of urine

Blood in the urine

Passing cloudy or strong-smelling urine

Discomfort in the pelvic area

A feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen

Treatment of cystitis

Trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin and amoxicillin are antibiotics that are

commonly used to treat cystitis.

Symptoms often improve significantly within a day or so of antibiotic

treatment. However, patients may need to take antibiotics for three days
to a week, depending on the severity of the infection.