2. Formal tools 3. how connectiveity checks done ----PA: - PA format (UPF format) ---Virtuoso was used to convert analog schematic to verilog AMS model - integreated in to DV environemtn - ncsim is widely used for AMS - application: big data ports, where high BW is required - analog signals wreal - Phy is optical nature, both txer & rxer - turn key project Spectre is for circuit simulation Spectre is for netlist simulation NCSIM is for RTL simualtion --------