acy lei Aaron Auerbach, Jarred George, Matt Gaber, Sam OverbergBiological Level of Analysis: Principles The Biological Level of Analysis supports that there are physiological origins of behaviors and that human beings should be considered and examined as biological systems. The principals are that behavior can be innate because it is genetically based, animal research can provide into human behavior, and there are biological correlates of behavior.Biological Level of Analysis: Research An example of research in the real world is the 1991 study by Martinez and Kesner. They explored the role of neurotransmitters in learning and memory. Rats were trained to go through a maze where they received food at the end. The conclusion of the study upheld that certain drugs do play an important role in creating memory. This is significant because the second principle is that animal research can help provide insight into human behavior.Cognitive Level of Analysis: Principles in Human beings are information processors and mental processes guide behavior; bottom-up/top-down processing; stereotyping; perception The mind can be scientifically investigated; experimental methods Cognitive processes are influenced by social and cultural factors; schema; distortionsCognitive Level of Analysis: Research ie Health and sports psychologist have demonstrated that there is a subtle relationship with how people think about themselves and how they Een m1 UNA (CUT U ne [a9 Since cognitive processes are localized in the brain, modern neuroimaging technologies (e.g. CAT and fMRI) give a great outlook on the brain processes One of Bartlett's researches found that people had problems remembering a story to fit in with their own cultural schemas. PE eC Nel a Cee e eee (al ela remembering what makes sense; prone to distortionsSociocultural Level of Analysis: Principles 1) Human beings are social animals and have the basic need to eyo) ale ie PAO ele Mallee oe lar N Lol ema Mae Uae NL Bele NL iis 3) Humans have a social self as well as an individual identity. Collective identities are very important to the definition of who we are. 4) People’s views of the world are resistant to change; the sense of self is developed within social and cultural context.Sociocultural Level of Analysis: Research + Methods 1) Naturalistic Research- research is done in environments in which the fet WU CMR LNA R LCM i-Le} 2) Modern social researchers tend to use participant observation, interviews, and focus groups in order to collect data and supports theory 3) Participant Observation- Researchers immerse themselves in a social setting for an extended period of time and observe behaviour; participants know about observation-overt, don't know-covert 4) O'Reilly (2000)- study on british expatriates on the Costa del Sol, she spent time and developed relations with them to see if they were happy with their el gii ToaAbnormal Psychology: Influences Soret Rete eee me tet Vulnerability Model (Theorist: Brown) PILES oe Losing either parent at a young age Sere cee econ enCace) eee RC SUE) Pe ee ene ane ice De TUE CEU STE eRe oe ee Leamed helplessness and hopelessness (Theorist: Seligman) Faulty attributions (Theorist: Abramson! See eee eee cree) (eros Soe eure : Explains self blame, guilt coe Rees Attribution of negative events to Internal, Stable, and en eee ee Reeser! Erte eee ce) (elite Mine neces een AES Bee eg eae eM a) peer Cortisol Hypothesis Psychological disorder due to imbalance in serotonin = Cortisol is a stress hormone ers -Major depression linked with high levels of this hormone -Low serotonin linked to depression Ser Rue eee CD other neurotransmittersAbnormal Psychology: Research = Mental health criteria: define what is abnormal by identifying “normal” characteristics. vietnam tele) bd Realistic self esteem and Elle tlle Voluntary control of behavior Py True perception of the world . Sustaining relationships and giving affection Self direction and productivity Rosenhan (1973) - validity of psychological diagnosis 8 healthy people tried to gain admission to psychiatric ward All were diagnosed with So) od Ler TeReelaTe oleae) Averaged 19 days to be iT)Paragraph Outline #5 Intro: List the cognitive level of analysis and connect to the idea of schema => doa Maeleele ney Explain Bartlett's research “War of the Ghost” - Read through the story, asked to retell the story after 15 mins Explain results - western culture found it more difficult to retell an unfamiliar story; people reconstructed the story by trying to fit in existing schemas; story became shorter Conclusion - how the research connects to the cognitive level of analysisParagraph Outline #11 1) Intro: List the cognitive level of analysis and connect to the idea of naturalistic 2) Explain what naturalistic is 3) Explain why it is important in determining human behaviour through social context 4) Conclusion- Connect idea to cognitive level of analysis