ansn0%6 Chem Team: Using Avogadro's Number in Galelstions Avogadro Number Calculations IT How Many Atoms or Molecules? Return to Mole Table of Contents The value for Avogadro's Number is 6.022 x 1023 mol | Types of problems you might be asked look something like these: 1, 0.450 mole (or gram) of Fe contains how many atoms? 2. 0.200 mole (or gram) of HO contains how many molecules? When the word gram replaces mole, you have a related set of problems which requires one more step. So keep in mind that there are 4 example problems just above, 1. Calculate the number of molecules in 1.058 mole (or gram) of HyO 2. Calculate the number of atoms in 0.750 mole (or gram) of Fe These problems use the reverse technique of the above, Once again, replacing mole with gram adds one step to the procedure. Here is a graphic of the procedure steps: + molar mass x Avo.Num. Grams of | [Moles of _|____* Number of Substance | .« | Substance | « Atoms or [Molecules x molar mass a AveLN. Pick the box of the data you are given in the problem and follow the steps toward the box containing what you are asked for in the problem, Problem #1: 0.450 mole of Fe contains how many atoms? Solution: Start from the box labeled "mole" and move (to the right) to the box labeled "atoms." What do you have to do to get there? That's right - multiply by Avogadro's Number, 0.450 mol x 6.022 x 103 mol! Problem #2: 0.200 mole of HyO contains how many molecules? Solutio 0.200 mol x 6.022 x 105 mot! ipihwwr chemtaam inf ca/Avogadro- Number-CaleslL hil 4sansn0%6 Chem Team: Using Avogadro's Number in Galelstions The answers (including units) to the above two problems The unit on Avogadro's Number might look a bit weird. It is mol! and you would say "per mole" out loud. The question then is WHAT per mole? The answer is it depends on the problem. In the first example, I used iron, an element. Almost all elements come in the form of individual atoms, so the correct numerator with most elements is "atoms." (Lwill leave you to figure out the exceptions.) So, doing the calculation and rounding off to three sig figs, we get 2.71 x 10?3 mol ! atoms. Notice "atoms" never gets written until the end, It is assumed to be there in the case of elements. If you wrote Avogadro's Number with the unit atoms/mole in the problem, you would be correct. The same type of discussion applies to substances which are molecular in nature, such as water. So the numerator I use here is "molecule" and the problem answer is 1.20 x 1073 molecules. Once again, the numerator part of Avogadro's Number depends on what is in the problem. Other possible numerators include "formula units ," jons, or electrons. These, of course, are all specific to a given problem. When a general word is used, the most common one is "entities," as in 6.022 x 10? entities/mol H Between Number of Mole nd Mol Let us now continue with more solutions to the example problems above. Here are the same two problems as before, but with gram replacing mole: 1, 0.450 gram of Fe contains how many atoms? 2. 0.200 gram of HO contains how many molecules? Look at the solution steps and you'll see we have to go from grams (on the left) across to the right through moles and then to how many. So, for the first one it would be like this: Step One: 0.450 g divided by 55.85 g/mol ~ 0.00806 mol Step Two: 0.00806 mol x 6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol and for the second, we have: Step One: 0.200 g divided by 18.0 g/mol = 0.0111 mol Step Two: 0.0111 mol x 6.022 x 1073 molecules/mol Video: Given 14. f SO», how many molecules is this? Practice Problems ipihwwr chemtaam inf ca/Avogadro- Number-CaleslL hilsnore ChamTea: Usiig vogdo's Number In Callens Now, let’s see how well you can do the opposite direction. The first two are the one-step type and the second two are the two-step type. 1) Calculate the number of molecules in 1.058 mole of H7O 2) Calculate the number of atoms in 0.750 mole of Fe 3) Calculate the number of molecules in 1.058 gram of HyO 4) Calculate the number of atoms in 0.750 gram of Fe 5) Which contains more molecules: 10.0 grams of Oy or 50.0 grams of iodine, 17? 6) A solution of ammonia and water contains 2.10 x 1025 water molecules and 8.10 x 1024 ammonia molecules. How many total hydrogen atoms are in this solution? Go to Answers for 1-6 Problem #7: How many atoms of chlorine are in 16.50 g of iron(II) chloride? Solution: 1) Deter ine moles of FeCl: 16.50 g/ 162.204 g mol! = 0.101723755 mol 2) Determine how many formula units of iron(III) chloride are in 0.1017 mol: 0.101723755 mol x 6.022 x 1073 = 6.1258 x 1072 3) Determine number of Cl atoms in 6.1258 x 10?? formula units of FeCls: 6.1258 x 1022 x 3 = 1.838 x 103 (to 4 sig fig) Problem #8: How much does 100 million atoms of gold weigh? Solution: 1) Determine moles of gold in 1.000 x 108 (we'll assume four sig figs): 1.000 x 108 atoms divided by 6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol = 1.660577881 x 107!® mol 2) Determine grams in 1.66 x 107!® mol of gold: 1,660577881 x 107!® mol times 196.97 g/mol = 3.271 x 104 ¢ (to four sig fig) ipihwwr chemtaam inf ca/Avogadro- Number-CaleslL hilansn0%6 Chem Team: Using Avogadro's Number in Galelstions Problem #9: What is the mass of CHy molecules if they are made from 15.05 x 1023 atoms? Solution: 1) In'x' molecules of methane there are: 'x’ atoms of C ‘4x! atoms of H 2) From which follows this equation: x+4x = 15.05 x 1073 x= 3.01 x 1073 atoms of C 3) Since there is 1 atom of C for every 1 molecule of CHy, we have: 3.01 x 103 molecules of CHy 4) Calculate moles of CH4: 3.01 x 10?3 molecules divided by 6.02 x 1023 molecules/mol = 0.500 mole of CHy Calculate mass: 0.500 mol times 16.0426 g/mol = 8.02 g (to three sig figs) Problem #10: Suppose we knew that there were 8.170 x 10° atoms of O in an unknown sample of KMnO,. How many milligrams would the unknown sample weigh? Solution: 1) determine how many formula units of KMnO, there are: 8.170 x 102° atoms divided by 4 atoms per formula unit 2.0425 x 107° formula units of KMnOy, 2) Determine moles of KMnO,; 2.0425 x 102° formula units divided by 6.022 x 10? formula units per mol 3.39173 x 10 4mol 3) Determine grams, then milligrams of KMnOq: 3.39173 x 10 4mol times 158.032 g/mol ipihwwr chemtaam inf ca/Avogadro- Number-CaleslL hil asansn0%6 Chem Team: Using Avogadro's Number in Galelstions 0.0536 g = 53.6 mg Problem #11: A solid sample of cesium sulfate contains 5.780 x 1023 cesium ions. How many grams of cesium sulfate must be present? (This question was formatted while in transit through the Panama Canal, Nov. 7, 2010.) Solution: 1) Determine how many formula units of Cs>SO4 must be present: 5.780 x 1023 divided by 2 = 2.890 x 1023 This is because there are 2 Cs atoms per one cesium sulfate formula unit, 2) Determine how many moles of Cs S04 are present: 2.890 x 1073 divided by 6.022 x 1073 mol” != 0.479907 mol 3) Determine grams of cesium sulfate: 0.479907 mol times 361.8735 g/mol = 173.7 g Return to Mole Table of Content ipihwwr chemtaam inf ca/Avogadro- Number-CaleslL hil