Professional Documents
Culture Documents
QdG FbUCG
```````````dG
j hQg :dCJ
n bdG
n ch ...!l oc pDho bUCG !n dG j :o Y
?pDho bUCGh pfCG
,rdEG oofh ndG o ,nqN o qf :o s dG
...rp fh qG Ap O Y oafh ,s G dG of
o j r o L
r oe l c r H ,n s dG
p LQCG Y o hGkC Q
Y pcq G p SdG
q M hCG ,pRdG pTT
pbGdG pIG
.pQGG t j gh
n
e r sfCH s T ,r dh
p Y n dG n r dR
...s dG
eq CG n e
o gP ,mH p Z mbh o e
,n g .pHdG pdhd HCGh
e n cCG r dh .k kbh
o b
mjU Y q J g
n M
n aCG
l jU sfEG .o jf q c
n M mIjL
n dG
n
r n Y s dh ,kGq L lIU
.kej gfCG r dh
e p LQCG Y ndAJ o fCG
r nfc o d ?n dc dC
n G ,oJ
r Hn bG r a .ld m Y o f p bGdG
p .mgd M
o N
r Qn Wh u e
u e
r Hn bG sfC n J rCG pjGdG
pLQCG !'' :
o Na ...kGc
nM r dh ''!mH pYO .p J
pNCG Pr GE ,
l jZ l eCG pqdG n J
.p e p qdH o s dG
2
MdG MdG dG H
fEG UCG LJ dG Gg j
HONEYBEES
That Build Perfect Combs
ISBN 9953-29-525-5
hCG dG
2002 - `g 1423
Td X G L
dG jH ,jG bS QT ,dG Y
(961-1) 785107 - 785108 - 860138 :Jg
d - hH 13-5574 :.U (961-1) 786230 :ca
asp@asp.com.lb :hdG jdG
http://www.asp.com.lb :ffG T Y bG
: YdG
j
H
.mYe
p dG pf L
J
o
o
q m YCH pG
q
o
o
.dG
J
hCG n G
jNC
G
n
o
q
l
o qJ H ,dG
n
?pYCG pg u H p dG n Y n dG
o dG
o j CG :o Y
q G n YCG o Rq f
o edG
o s dG o a ,qc :o s dG
o QTCG ,pG p S Yh .kGHCG
o f sfEa Gd .n pH e
...pdG p jd p UGbCG Ap H p jq CG pp g
jG o G J
dG VdG
hJ
o
o
o
pIQdG c ,pjGdG pGjdH TC
n G
n d
J
q pbdG e
n bdG
o
n J
o K
s .fOC
o G
fOC
o G oIdG oIQdG po oJh .pdG T
n
p.G M
p
p
k e
edG dG
n
q
u c me Op Lh r Y p LQCG Y
n S :o s dG
o cCG n g s dG o eh .ke J
p dG p d mY
o
mbhCG dG
o G o J .pfEG ps dG p L
n
n H kM
da .pQdG Y e Ro fh n dG
o f s dh ,me
o ,pbn n dH
o n oJ p
l H lGjO n g p VdG pg r e
o j
n c p a r Y o YCG
o dR s dh !l e Gg r c :o Y
o je HCa !pdG pOY r e p ZdH p q dG Y o s dG oaj
Y pG kIc mHU o LGjh ,pa o f dG n G
!pG pg e j n s dG sCH
n dJ pfCGh .n g p q dG
J
m Y f
o
iNCG gGME
o G
.(ojPG oIQdG)
pFJ
q pf
pLC
n H n G
q
.(ofOCG oIQdG)
pbdG J
eY
f
o
l
l
lf .(ojPG oIQdG) jG
.(YC
o G oIQdG) mIT p H o
o U
s GE gn J ,m
q H pedG ps dG EG o SCG
o c Hh
.pgqdG
o bh nM r d ''?
n fCG n jCG !o Y !o Y'' :Op J n gh eu CG
Gk q L oMa .tXCG e Y nBG ogdG s Y ,pjOJ qeGC :o Y
!pd ppb e uc Y po TCGh ppFH
n eCG n Hq dh ,kjCG n paH
o r SG fCGh :o s dG
p SCG k fK g n f rCH n jo CGQ e !kfK n p f rCG
p UGbCG pIg pq N EG n o UCS
n r MCG rEGh ?p G
.pdG
Ap H n GdGh nj rCG nT rdh !kFGQ Gg oS :o Y
.pdH ,kfK
!pG p SCG n GQCG rGC LQCG ,JG :o s dG
EG ea .pq G
n J qdJ dG n g p s dG fCG
o J dG
o s dG oqJ dG pjr n G s c p QG
An TCGh pq G
r nJe dG ps dGh ,p fGT e
n M o J GPe
n aJ r g r dh .pG EG p J iNCG kIc
?p QG EG pp M r Y o J p M EG pdH m c Am T Y o J
jdG p fEG r e pp r n pd ''ppjGndG n Sn h''n s J mIOq o o uJ sfEG
,o jdG pdG n e .pq G ps dG bH pU Y p KCdGh
n e jdG o o sfCG r CG ,w H Ow e g
n p jGdG n Sh s dh
pg
o J
n ch ?eq CG ,nIOq G pg o s dG o j n jCG
n aJ r g ...dG
u
o oJCGb e t c Ga ?Ap dG p Y peG pg s c o bdG
o bG
pg o s dG o j
n c kM pn NCG rCG pn eCG Hq d .pBG q M
.nIOq G
dG
(pQdG EG)
o
hD
l e edG
o
p L p f Y
r
pbdGh p LCG
Oo J
q b
r dG pG
.nG
n eSh neCG
q
kL aJ
eY
f
(pdG EG)
o
l
l
.pG
n QN kjZ
11
o H q M mYH pdG
q
o bCG
o M
r Qh ,pde icP dGh
lIU lIQU f
n d e o hCq G nch .n s dG o hj dG n dG
...nIdG jU o aCG
o CGH qfCH
o a .mY pd
rMCG qfEG qM ooaY e gOC
n G bh mqH ndG oCGb
o oaCG e eq CG
r Hn Sa .pIAGdG l e fCGh s Y e r c
sc m SH go pNCG orMa .s Y tJ rnJCGh pbdG Gg n W pan Z
.ps dG p Y o ao YCG e
l Y g
n Y sCG paY r g ,eq GC :o Y
pYO ?l MS
n p s dG
sCG pr S r b pqfCG s H .pdG Gg o oJCGb e p NBG r Y ke po NCG
10
n
o
Qp TCG p Y n HdG
p Sh p fE
.pjGdG
13
n e ,n dP n e ...Ap cdG o Fa s dh l U l n g o s dG :t CG
l dN n q a .n g dEG Oo j pFcP n dG sCG Op YG C p G
p Y kHc kjCG
o CGb ,n u S
o c ea .o oJ e s c o qj
.nIAGdG p HJ
n MCG rEGh .n e nM c ke ,kGc pgOC
n G p s dG
cQ
o ZJ
n M p s dG p Y pjG pa
o M
q QCS fCa
.n pJee
o GDdG n dP n Hh .Ap dG p d p adG n e eq CG
r L
n N
oj njCGh p jGdG nSh nIYG nIOq G nJ osdG o j njCG .o qj
.mGSH nIAGdG oHa ?pdSG n c
.pjGdG p Sh nIOq e p dG
o f o J
n c kjCG
o dG n cP
Qp TCG p d pHq dG p YGdG r e
n JGdG q J kIOq e khCq G o n a
EG pHd paVEH p jGdG n Sh o J s K .u dG uH k e
.p FGb Y mIOLe mUN
m ScCG pq G EG o oh ,pJGdG
q
pIOq G pH pq G
n QN pp f r Y o J e s c
o s dG
o qJ
jdG nJ
t oIOq G o a .p FGb Y m ScCG ofp J dG
.pq dH l T l q Y sfEG .pjPDG
pFdG sCH oj nch ?ndH ndG nsdG nqY rne rdh
12
p s d o
n c .le l q Y sfCG
o r jCG e nYS r dh
?pJEG GH k Sq e jN n j rCG o nd
n c ?kGPEG n dP o a
pIYe phO r pe dh
.mdG
r
s jH mT mSe
q SQ
n Y
o hM
n
p
p
p
m
n
.psdG ne rj ,FdG jGhdG p SQ qeh Ic qe mGhOCG
p
.kjCG fC
n G dP
n o H n SH
15
s CG
o S r a .n dG o s dG o j
n c kjCG
o dG n NCG
pp U pq c r Y lIa s d r J r r dh ,njdG n dG o j n s dG
!pJGP u H lIe n g p UdG Ap H n jW sCG
G
o r ca .UGbC
n
.jGhR uS pGP m TCG r CG ,mSq e p T Y n g p UdG ja
Is Y re oCGa .pqd o dG pG ne p UdG p H osdG oCGjh
.pDhqd l e l eCG gh
n ,pSCG pqJH mKK hCG p sU Ap H mf
mf r e jo
n M p fG GH nj rCG p dG p Ud o
n a
.pUdG jN
n H m JG pf Op Lh p Y r Y ka ?m
r e kehO oCGJ
r fch .mGq e nIq Y o n gh eq CG
o jCGQ ,pbGdG
rnCGH sfCG dr hJ
n rCG pId o nc oAJCG or NCa .mIMGh mf
!pLQCG Y pJEG GH hJ
n rd sfEG ...me pK mf re
...pbq dG pdH mHH oj l n g n sdG sE a ,qdH
mSq e p SH mf pIq Y r e
o rCGHh ,mUUQ n bh k bQh
o rdha
pSh pSq G pg n L
o rdhMh .(jGhR
u S pGP m TCG r CG)
p SQ pqe hCG pIc ,iNCG mGhOCH pfSG phO r e pdG
q
.mHM pjq CH p dG phO r eh pFdG jGhq dG
14
Y osdG j
dG p dG UGbC
o
o G
kT sCch kSe vc UdG
hj H
o
r ,mUh pf
p
oCGj nsdG sCG ndP ,lge eC
l G Ggh .pH
nb Gk MGh
m. mf e p dG p Ub p H
17
16
p YGHh Qp gRCG e
j
n p dG hQ
n dG
o
o
p.cdG
19
p YCG EG t J mf s c sCG gh
n ,o NBG l eCG n pgfG
n d c
a .pa o QJh o dG nH dG n MG Qp dG Y o QJ Ap dG
EG lIjL l f t J ,m jGhR r e jG An H
o s dG o HJ
nqopd nc ndP sCG neh .ke m mjhGR re Ap dH oCGJh p jdG
.ke kAH oqdDj nsdG sCG qGE ,pdG pG Va
n
rch .pdG p U
o p sdG n J ohj dG np dG kjCG orCGbh
Pr EG .odG o qdG ng tJ nc ocCG fCGh kIc pgO rnfc
ne osdG oo j dG oMq dG g
n p dG nhQ sCH odG oj
osdG oodj
q ,pQgRCG ne p Mq dG p L n Hh .pcdG p YGHh Qp gRCG
.x T m Y EG
m c EG oj p dG nfEG sCGh CG ,keg Gk eCG odG n cP rdh
e m GZc pf p pd ,pG p S a .udG p dG ne
jh .mec m pd n J rCG mf pFe p J Y
o L
q j ,pMq dG
n e keGZ
n Nh mFe pHQCG p fEa .kHGZ n cCG m bQCG Y
o dG
p je n Y Qn hJ rCG mf
n dCG nIY n S Y ,dG p dG
o s dG o j ,n dP r e p ZdH r dh .w T l nd p dH o sfEG .mIgR
o j o sfCG c .ppLM r e m H n cCG p dG n e o jh mH
.n dG o f dEG o eo q j r H o r e Gk c
18
21
20
p s dG EG ''MhCG'' dG g
n s Lh s Y o dG .HCG j
o r a nBG :o Y
M
n hnCG r a Gd ,pH l MQ n dG sEG .pgG pj qdG ppH
n q j r npd
maT FN
Y pj dG n dG n j rCG p s dG EG
n
.s Lh s Y pdG p pf r Y o tq dG p G n p nd o sfEG vM .pfEd
p p q dG pIM Y mc r Y
Qp qdGh p Gh
n ar q n nJ dh
r :
o C G
Y e u c Qm NH ,pGh p dGh p dGh
q p gq dGh pSCGh
n dP .f
n n gq dG n a o o Sn gOo j dG n dG sEan ,pVQCG pg
o M n g n J .n YCG x a p fGpd o j pdG Gg r e Am L s c sCG
22
25
o dN n
n a .peh ppfPEH oj pIG pg oj e t ch
o Gh .ppfPEH ooJ oIdG
q obG pg ooJ e tch ,psdG
dG s Lh s Y pdG ppd m SfG iS
r d
n a sJ dG
Y oMSn ,pjhGq dG pg r e Am T u c EG
n r f ndhn .nd On hM
!n pH n G pGG Qp dG
e u c gGf dG n G sCH x T r e na .x M Y HCG nc
ora .sLh s Y odG g
n SCG m dN EG pG oLJ H oj
p
.''Am T u c o dNh ,pG t dGh pIQdG t odG g
n o dG'' :f
n G o o s da .JDhJ Y pHLCG n L
o r Lh Gk NCG
o sfEG .Ap cdG n e Qp dG GpH n q j rCG o nd p oG n pehn ,pa gGf dG
n g SCG k M q dH jh
,o n N dG ,pdG n e m MH
o
o q j
.o pgoJ dG
24
o
r ndGRe r dh ,mRjEH
27
p
.n cCG SM
Qn U ,pHdG EG rUh
n M
frCGH .kfK p dG pf Ap d ku eo
o r c r a
pG EG rUh e nYSh ,HCGh fCG o phr n of
p q dH dGh
o rfPCSna .ns dG pa
o rHb dG
.n N
o cQ
r
q CJCG qCG nT
n n Shn ,pQGG kb
r b njU sCH
n cC pFd pe EG mYH
o e o n nJ sfCG p VGdG n e nch .pdEG r n S
.pbdG p H
!kGOq eo ppFH l S !kMe :o Y
26
s CG sf o fh .n e
o GQG pg
r n pdho r d ,iNCG mIQH
.mJ hCG mjQJ
p qH
o Zj m fEG t ch !Im c mH o q j n s dG sEG :o Y
d nY pSCG p H p H oZQCG .pH osdG oj dG Ap TCG
.nrS
...rJ ,pdH :ps dG
pLQO pH
o dG
s j
o ,jG pAH AKC
n G
,aG
SG
pQGZ Y ,jG
n
n
T
kIe j
m UH n
s h .kSg
q
o
o pd
pH p dG p Y LY
dG
l
n
n dG
s sCH
p pHG
iNCG mb oCT ofCa .pH
.pdG e
,pdG Gg
n m MH
o j
q
29
o T
28
n YGO :o s dG
p jU j p d
sCH J
n h ...o dG
Gg Gk HCG d na
iSp of sfEG !pdG
.odG oqjEG n qY e
.Ap qdG EG
n f
o rbQa eY
dGh
o r S ,pdG
.jOj
Qp gRCG ne nMdG
q o m Y of
.pdG p fE
31
?mSq e p T Y p dG UGbC
G oJ n :o Y
o
n
n J rCG Ot J
n fCG .kM p :s dG
o T
...kSq e H k q e hCG o q hCG k qe hCG k Hq e o f
eo GSG o o ceCG
r U d ,pbGdG
r n d n NBG m H UdG
n
t Sh p dG n e s bCG k q q c op S ,pjdG pHh .jG
n H
p dG o jJ pfeEH o sfCG o bGdGh .pGdG u d p dG
q Qp g EG
.pbCG pH o q j S
n q G n dG s dh ,mqe hCG mHq e jN
sfCG qEG ,iNCG p TCG p M f
o S
n
n q G sCG r e p Zq dHh
p d o f s bCG pSq G jG p d kT o f
o Sq G UGbC
G d o J ,iNCG mIQH .pHq G phCG pqG
o
n e m mq q c u bCG pSGh p dG n e p cCG pq q dG p jH p dG
.pdG
q
ps dG pg r e k q Sg kShQO o NBG
o c !
o r S e r q UCG r
r dh ,iNCG kIc Gk QeCG n qJCGh
n YCG rCG Ot hCG
o c ...pdG pIdG
pIb frNCGh p s dG n T rcJ Gg .o N
q CJCG
o rCGH b
o r c
.HCG
nBG
o cr QOCG d .ps dG bH peh pe n dG
o r qJ d :o Y
sCH pqY d !H pG p G u d Gk HCG kYGh r cCG r sfCH
.ndG Gg Oo j keq J kef
rpe p dG Gg uc pMe rpe nqCG rCG Gk Ya pBG ne qCG
!kjL Gk T .pdM
30
32