CECAVA English

UNIT VI
AUXILIARY VERBS
the need for auxiliary verbs
In English sentences, a lot of important meanings are expressed by the verb phrase
for example:
questioning, negation, time, completion, continuation, repetition, willingness, possibility,
obligation.
But English verbs do not have many different forms: the maximum (except for be) is five (e.g.
see, sees, seeing, saw, seen). So to express all these meanings, 'auxiliary' (or 'helping') verbs are
added to other verbs. There are two groups.
be, do and have
Be is added to other verbs to make progressive and passive forms.

Is it raining? She was imprisoned for three years.

Do is used to make questions, negatives and emphatic forms of non-auxiliary verbs.
Do you smoke? It didn't matter. Do come in.
Have is used to make perfect forms.
What have you done? I realised that I hadn't turned the lights off.

AUXILIARY VERBS: DO, HAVE, BE!

DO
Do is used for negatives and questions in present (DO, DOES) and past simple(DID).
Verb is in first form without ing ending.
HAVE
Have is used in perfect tenses.
In past Perfect tense we use had
In present perfect tense we use have (I, we, you, they) and has (he, she, it).
In future perfect we use will have
Verb is in third form without ing ending.
BE
Be is used in all continuous tenses.
Past continuous (was, were)
present continuous (am, are)
future continuous (will be)
past perfect continuous (had been)

present perfect continuous (have/has been)

future perfect continuous (will have been)
Verb have ing ending.
ACTIVE
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
He writes a book.

(Shakespeare escribio Hamlet ) past simple

PASSIVE = verb to be + participle verb

Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. (Hamlet fue escrita por Shakespeare) past passive
A book is written.