+ CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ‘CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION ANSWER BOOKLET . CARIBBEAN EXAMINA HONS COUNCIL (CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICHENCY EXAMINATION ANSWER BOOKLET 5 JUNE 2000 (p.m.) FILL IN ALL THE INFORMATION REQUESTED CLEARLY AND LEGIBLY TesTCODE | o| 0 2}6|7]s test cope | o| of 2| 6} 7|5 susyect -CHEMISTRY UNIT 2 PAPER 02 supsect -CHEMISTRY UNIT 2— PAPER 02 ssoistarion NuMBER EOISTRATION NUMBER | SCHOOLICE! ER 18 NAME OF SCHOOLICENTRE TOTAL MODULE? PL] P2_] Ps | TOTAL . |___ CANDIDATE'S FULLNAME _| a |_06 [_— | DATE OF BIRTH. o | TOTAL Day Month Year | MODULES Pi] | P3 | TOTAL 103 mate [_] le sex! | er FEMALE, ® V TOTAL SIGNATURE BELOW THIS LINE FOR CXC USE ONLY FOLDER NUMBER BELOW THIS LINE FOR CXC USE ONLY FOLDER NUMBERTESTCODE 002675 FORM TP 20235 © MAY 2000 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION CHEMISTRY UNIT 2 - PAPER 02 2 hours In addition to the 2 hours, candidates are allowed a reading time of 15 minutes. Writing may begin during the 15-minute period. READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1, This paper consists of NINE questions. 2. Section A consists of THREE questions ONE question from each Module. ‘Candidates must attempt ALL questions in this section. Answers for this section must be written in this answer booklet. 3. Section B consists of SIX questions. Candidates must attempt THREE questions in thi section, ONE question from EACH Module. Answers for this section must be written in the answer booklet provided. 4, ALL working must be clearly shown. 5. A Data Booklet is provided. Copyright © 1999 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. (002675/CAPE/F/2000| | | (EH | is Syd Section A Attempt ALL questions in this section. Write your answers in this booklet. MODULE 1 1. Methyl Orange (indicator range pH 3.2 ~ 4.4) and phenolphthalein (indicator range pH 8.2 - 10.0) are two of the most commonly used indicators for acid /base titrations. The following titre curves, shown in Figure 1- Figure 3, are obtained for three acid/base titrations utilising the solutions . A,B,CandD. Ineachcase, 10cm? of a0.1 molar solution of one reagent is pipetted ‘out and titrated with a 0.1 molar solution of another reagent. The acids are monoprotic and the bases can accept one proton each, He “bebe “belt e | | | | | | 10 30 0” Volume of B added /em* ‘Volume of C added /em* Fig. 1. Experiment 1-10 em? A vs.B Fig. 2. Experiment 2-10 cm? A vs. C rs | 10 10 ri Volume of B added fem? Volume of C added /em? Fig. 3. Experiment 3-10 cm’ D vs. B Fig. 4. Experiment 4 - 10 em’ D vs. C GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 002675/CAPEVF/2000(@ Describe how the data obtained in Experiment 3 could be obtained. [ 2marks] (©) Discuss the relative acidity or alkalinity of EACH of the solutions A and B as shown in Fig.l. Solution A. - Solution B [ 4 marks] (©) Sketch on Fig. 4 the curve expected for the titration described in Experiment 4. [1 mark] (@ Explain which of the four titrations could NOT be followed by using an acid/base indicator. [ 1mark} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 002675/CAPE/F/2000 ee-4- (©) Phosphoric acid, H,PO,, is triprotic. When NaOH is gradually added to a solution of H,PO, , proton loss occurs in three stages, with Na,PO, being the product of complete neutralisation. The titre curve for the titration of 10 cm? of | molar H,PO, with 1 molar NaOH is shown in Figure 5 below. ‘Volume of NaOH added /en? Figure § (Suggest an appropriate indicator for determining the end point for the formation of Na,HPO,, { Lmark] Gi) Indicate the colour change that would be observed in this case using the indicator you have suggested. ( 1 mark] ‘Total 10 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02675/CAPE/F/2000606 MODULE2 : 2. (@)_ Tests were done on a sample of a simple solid compound, K. Tests were carried out on any gases evolved. Complete the following table. Test Observation Inference Carbon dioxide is produced. @ — ToK,adddilute nitric acid. Divide the solutions into three portions, A, B and C. Gi) To A, add dilute | Awhite precipitate forms which sodium hydroxide | dissolves in excess sodium slowly andinexcess. | hydroxide. (iii) To B, add aqueous | A yellow precipitate is formed. potassium iodide. (iv) To C, add dilute ammonia slowly and in excess. { 8 marks} (>) Write the equation to show the formation of the yellow precipitate in test (a) (iii) above. { 2marks} Total 10 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (002675/CAPEVF/2000 SES-6- MODULE 3 ‘A company is desirous of building a plant for the manufacture of lead-acid accumulators. A student is assigned the task of investigating the suitability of locating the plant in a particular region. (a) Outline FOUR areas to be considered in this investigation. [ 4marks) (b) Discuss TWO advantages for the recycling of EACH of the following: @ Glass [ 2marks} Gi) Plastic [ 2marks} Gi) Metals [ 2marks} Total 10 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 902675/CAPE/F/2000“7. Section B Candidates must attempt THREE questions in this section, ONE question from EACH module. Write your answers in the answer booklet provided. MODULE 1 Answer EITHER Question 4 OR Question 5. ~' 4 @ When dinitrogen tetraoxide is heated, it decomposes according to the equation N,Oyy, > 2NO,,, AH = +5721 mot". At temperatures below 140 °C (when decomposition is virtually complete), N,O, and NO, are in dynamic equilibrium. @ Explain what is meant by the term ‘dynamic equilibrium’. (i) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, K, , for this reaction. { 3marks} () At 100°C and a total pressure of 101 KPa, the dinitrogen tetraoxide is into nitrogen Gv) oxide, NO, bout 90% dissociated G) Calculate the equilibrium constant, K, , at this temperature. Gi) Explain in what ways, if at all, the value of K, would be affected by a) an increase in pressure b) —_adecrease in temperature. Gil) Calculate the total pressure that would be needed, at 100 °C, for the degree of dissociation to drop to 50%. {13 marks} (©) Forheterogeneous reactions, the equilibrium constants are in fact modified constants. In a closed container, iron(II) iron(II) oxide and carbon monoxide react to produce an equilibrium mixture as shown below. FeO + 4COmZ— 3 Fem + 4COw (i) Write the K, expression for this reaction, and justify the expression you have written. Gi) Suggest an explanation for the fact that the position of equilibrium, and therefore the equilibrium constant for this reaction is unaffected by a change in temperature. ~ marks) ‘Total 20 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 002675/CAPE/F/2000 Se yoO) Gi) Define the term ‘standard electrode potential’ Describe, with the aid of a fully labelled diagram, how this quantity could be measured for a metal such as copper. { 8marks} (b) The standard redox potentials for selected redox systems are given below. EvV 0,+2HO+2e 2% HO, + 20H = 015 Ce bee i Cee + 146 Use the information given above and the data provided in the Booklet to: @ Gi) Gv) 002675/CAPE/F/2000 Calculate the maximum cell emf that could be obtained when standard Ce/Ce™ and MnO,;, H’/Mn* half cells are connected. * Determine the direction of flow of the electrons, and the equation for the reaction ‘occurring, when current is allowed to flow in the system. Explain why the concentration of Fe... in a solution could be accurately determined by titration against either MnO,” or Cr,O,?"if the acid used is dilute sulphuric acid, but only Cr,0,- would give an accurate titre reading if dilute hydrochloric acid is used ‘Suggest the conditions that would be necessary for a reaction to occur when solutions of Sn** and H,O, are mixed, and construct an equation for the reaction * that would occur. [12 marks] Total 20 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMODULE2 Answer EITHER Question 6 OR Question 7. 6 (a) __ State TWO characteristics of transition metals. [ 2 marks} (6) Write the electronic configurations of a (i) copper atom and (ii) copper(I) ion. { 2 marks} (©) Explain how transition metals are similar to each other and different from typical s-block metals with respect to (i) density and Gi) melting point. [ 4 marks) «@ Manganese dioxide, MnO,, was fused with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and an oxidising agent potassium chlorate(¥), KCIO,. The result was a green solid containing K.MnO,, and potassium chloride, KCl. This mixture was powdered and boiled with water through which carbon dioxide was bubbled for a while. The mixture was then filtered to remove ‘MnO, and the purple filtrate was carefully evaporated. In standard acia conditions 2MnO;(aq) + 2° G 2Mn0> 0.56V MnO,(aq) + 4H" + 2e°-S= MnOJs) + 2HO@) B® = 226V In standard alkaline conditions 2MnO,(aq) + 2e7 == 2MnO,?(aq) B® = 0.56V — MnO,-(aq) + 2H,O(@ + 2&4 MnO,(s) + 40H(@q) B® = 0.60V (@® Calculate the oxidation numbers of manganese in the compounds present in this synthesis. Gi) __In the synthesis above, write the complete ionic equations showing the formation ‘ of * = a) MnO b) MnO, .. Gil) Using the standard electrode potential values given a) __ explain the role of the carbon dioxide in the synthesis b) discuss another method of producing K,MnO, using KMnO, 2s one of the starting materials. (12 marks} Total 20 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT, PAGE 002675/CAPE/F/2000 eee) © @ © -10- Considering the elements in Group TV, state (the valence shell electronic configuration, Gi) the typical oxidation numbers in their compounds. [ 2marks} Describe the change in (i) structure and (ii) bonding of Group 4 elements with increasing atomic number. [ 3 marks] Explain the difference in the reactions of carbon tetrachloride_and silicon tetrachloride with water. ( 3marks] Red lead oxide, Pb,O,, was treated with dilute nitric acid. This resulted in a brown solid, A, and acolourless solution, B. When solid, A, was heated with concentrated hydrochloric acid, it gave a yellowish-green gas, C, which bleached damp litmus paper, and a colourless solution which on cooling gave a white precipitate, D. (i) Deduce the identities of A, B, C and D. Gi) Write an’equation for the reacuon of A with concentrated hydrochloric acid. (ii) Suggest and explain what you would expect to observe if red lead oxide were heated with concentrated hydrochloric acid. [9 marks] Tin forms a similar compound to the brown solid, A. @ Suggest the formula of this compound. Gi) Comment on what you would expect to occur on heating this compound with concentrated hydrochloric acid. [ 3 marks] ‘Total 20 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 002675/CAPE/F/2000othe MODULE3 Answer EITHER Question 8 OR Question 9. 8. Approximately 90% of the organic raw materials for the synthesis and manufacture of, polyrs detergents, drugs and many other products aré obtained from crude petroleum. ae (@) —_Ontling the steps by which the raw materials use the mamufacture-of the products above are obtained from petroleum. [ 8marks) (©) Gasoline is a mixture of C, to C, alkanes which is used as a fuel and a source of raw materials for the organic chemistry industry. @ Assuming the hydrocarbon present in gasoline is octane, the density of gasoline is 0.74 kg dm, and molar volume is 24 dm? at rt.p., estimate the volume of carbon dioxide that would be released into the atmosphere on the combustion of 20 dm’ of gasoline. Gi) Comment on the significance of this value. Git) Tetraethy! lead, (TEL, P0(C,H,),), is added to gasoline to improve the efficiency of the combustion process. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of this additive. . [ 8marks} (©) Catalytic converters have been fitted to vehicles in recent times to reduce the emission of environmentally harmful gases. Carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide are converted into CO, and N, respectively. Write equations for the conversions above. { 4marks} ‘Total 20 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 002675/CAPE/F/2000 pe pn nny,-12- 9. (a) Amanalysis of a water sample was done and the results indicated the presence of NH,*, Me?*, Gs, NO,, SO? and PO2 @ i) &) @o @ ii) 002675/CAPE/F/2000 List the ions which are considered as pollutants. State their possible sources and effects. [ 8 marks] Explain THREE of the natural methods of water purification as observed in the water cycle. In primary water purification, particles that will settle or can be filtered are removed. ‘To assist in this, a mixture of aluminium sulphate and calcium hydroxide is added. ‘Suggest an explanation of the role of this mixture in water purification. Include in your answer an equation for any reaction occurring. ‘Tertiary water treatment methods include the use of finely divided carbon. Explain how the property of elemental carbon is exploited in this application and indicate the type of substances which can be removed by this method of purification. (12 marks} Total 20 marks END OF TEST