TRNG I HC CN TH

KHOA SAU I HC

QUI NH
CCH VIT V TRNH BY
LUN VN CAO HC V LUN N TIN S
(Dnh cho khi ngnh Nng nghip, Thy sn, Mi trng v Cng ngh Sinh hc)

4/2013

MC LC
Gii thiu........................................................................................1
Chng 1: Yu cu chung ca lun vn/lun n ........................2
1.1 Gii thiu ...................................................................................2
1.2 Ngn ng v hnh vn...............................................................2
1.3 Mt s yu cu c th ................................................................2
1.3.1 Kiu ch v c ch .........................................................2
1.3.2 L trang, cch khong (tab) v cc du trong cu ..........2
1.3.3 Cch dng (hng)............................................................3
1.3.4 nh s trang ..................................................................3
1.3.5 Giy v kch c giy .......................................................4
1.3.6 Trang ba, trang ph ba v ng ba .............................4
1.3.7 Trang in...........................................................................4
Chng 2: Hnh thc ca lun vn/lun n ...............................5
2.1 Trang ta (trang ph ba)...........................................................6
2.2 Tm tt ......................................................................................6
2.3 Li cm t ..................................................................................6
2.4 Trang xc nhn ca Hi ng (dnh cho Cao hc) ...................7
2.5 Trang cam kt kt qu ...............................................................7
2.6 Mc lc ......................................................................................7
2.7 Danh sch bng .........................................................................7
2.8 Danh sch hnh ..........................................................................8
2.9 Danh mc t vit tt (nu c) ....................................................8
2.10 Ni dung lun vn/lun n.......................................................8
Ph lc A: Trang ba ......................................................................15
Ph lc B: Trang ph ba.................................................................16
Ph lc C: Trang chp thun ca Hi ng.....................................17
Ph lc D: Trnh by mc lc .........................................................18
Ph lc E: Trnh by phn ni dung ................................................19
Ph lc F: Cch trnh by bng .......................................................20
Ph lc G: Cch trnh by hnh .......................................................21
Ph lc H: Lit k ti liu trch dn.................................................24
Ph lc I: Mt s lu khc ..........................................................29
Ph lc J: Quy nh tm thi v vit hoa tn ring
trong sch gio khoa ......................................................30
Ph lc K: Hng dn cch trnh by bo co lun vn/lun n ....34

GII THIU
Chun b lun vn/lun n tt nghip mi cp hc
(i hc, cao hc, tin s) l mt qu trnh i hi s
thng nht v t m. C rt nhiu bc cn phi thc hin
c th c c mt quyn lun vn/lun n hon
chnh v p mt. Tuy khng phi l mt cng vic kh
bi v hin nay c cc phng tin tr gip hin i
nh my tnh, phn mm my tnh, my in, my
photocopy, my nh k thut s, my qut (scanner)...
nhng n i hi ngi thc hin phi tun th cc qui
nh thng nht.
Qui nh ny c bin son nhm gip hc vin
cao hc v nghin cu sinh ca cc ngnh Nng nghip,
Thy sn, Mi trng, Cng ngh Sinh hc, (c th p
dng cho mt s ngnh k thut c lin quan) ca
Trng i hc Cn Th trong qu trnh chun b lun
vn/lun n tt nghip. Qui nh trnh by kh chi tit vi
nhiu ni dung nh cc yu cu chung, hnh thc trnh
by, cu trc ni dung, ca mt lun vn/lun n v cc
ph lc lm v d.
Qui nh c bin san da trn cc qui nh ca
B Gio dc v o to, cc Trng trong v ngoi
nc v kinh nghim ca mt s Thy/C Khoa Thy
sn v Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn Thin nhin.
Chng ti hy vng qui nh ny s hu hiu cho hc vin
v nghin cu sinh to s thng nht trong trnh by
lun vn/lun n tt nghip trong mt s ngnh ca
Trng. Chng ti cng mong nhn c kin ng
gp ca Thy/C v bn ng nghip qui nh ny
ngy c tt hn.
(Bin son: Nguyn Thanh Phng)
1

CHNG 1
YU CU CHUNG CA LUN VN/LUN N
1.1

Gii thiu

Hng dn ny bao gm mt s nguyn tc v cch vit

v hnh thc trnh by ca lun vn/lun n.
1.2

Ngn ng v hnh vn

Lun vn/lun n c vit bng ting Vit nhng phn

tm tt bng ting Anh. Cch vit (hnh vn) phi ng nht
trong c lun vn v vit theo nguyn tc ngi th 3 (v d:
nghin cu c tin hnh ch KHNG vit ti hay chng ti
tin hnh nghin cu).
1.3

Mt s yu cu c th

Lun vn phi vit tn phn mm word v in bng my in

laser (ngoi tr hnh mu c th in bng my in laser hay my
in phun mc).
1.3.1 Kiu ch v c ch
Lun vn phi thng nht kiu v c ch. Kiu ch qui
nh l Times New Roman v c ch 13. In m cc tiu mc.
Phn ph ch cui trang (footnotes) v phn ghi ch cho bng
th c ch 10. C ch v s trong cc bng l 12, nhng trng
hp c bit c th l 11.
1.3.2 L trang, cch khong (tab) v cc du trong cu
L trang phi thng nht trong ton lun vn, l tri l 4
cm, cc l cn li (phi, trn, di) l 2,5 cm. Cch khong
(tab) l 1,0 cm. Header v footer l 1,0 cm.

1.3.3 Cch dng (hng)

Lun vn phi c trnh by cch dng l 1,2 (line
spacing=1,2). Tuy nhin, cc trng hp sau th cch dng l 1
(line spacing=1) nh:
-

Ti liu tham kho

Bng v hnh
Ph lc
Ghi ch cho bng,

Gia tiu mc v cc on vn pha trn cch dng 6

(thc hin lnh paragraph spacing before 6 v after 0).
Trong nhng trng hp lit k nhiu dng lin tc nhau th
khng cn cch nhau tc spacing before 0 v after 0 (vn gi
cch dng l 1,2).
Cch khong u dng (tht u dng) cho tiu mc
nh s v cc on vn; tht u l 1,0 cm (tab=1,0 cm).
Trng hp c cc tiu mc nh hn khng nh s m dng
ch ci a, b, c, th cng tht u dng v in m nh tiu
mc c nh s. Trng hp tiu mc cui trang th chuyn
sang trang tip theo.
Sau cc mc v cc tiu mc KHNG c du chm
hoc du hai chm.
Cc du cui cu (du phy (,), du chm (.), du hai
chm (:), du chm phy (;), phi nm lin vi t cui cng
nhng cch cch t k tip 1 space bar. Nu cc t hay cm t
t trong du ngoc th du ngoc phi lin vi t u tin v
t cui cng (V d: . (tri to)).
1.3.4 nh s trang
nh s gia trang, v c s tng ng c ch bi
vit (c ch = 13). Cc trang trc trang Chng 1 (trang tm
tt, trang li cm t, trang mc lc, trang danh sch bng, trang
danh sch hnh, trang cc t vit tt (nu c), th nh s
trang bng s La-m ch thng (v d: i, ii, iii, iv, v,) khng
3

nh s trang ba v trang ph ba. Bt u nh s trang bng

s -rp (1, 2, 3,) t chng 1 n ht phn ti liu tham
kho v ph lc.
1.3.5 Giy v kch c giy
Giy trng v c giy A4 (210 x 297 mm).
1.3.6 Trang ba, trang ph ba v ng ba
Lun vn sau khi chnh sa v in chnh thc th (i) ng
ba theo mu v mu qui nh ca nhm ngnh hc, gy lun
vn nn dng bng keo mu tng thch (c qui nh ring) cho
lun vn thc s; v (ii) ba cng, ch vng, mu theo qui nh
ca ngnh (c qui nh ring) i vi lun n tin s. Trn trang
ba lun vn in ch hoa, kiu ch New Times Roman (c ch
khc nhau theo dng) v trang ba c cc ni dung sau (Ph
lc A):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Tn Trng v Khoa (c ch: 14)

Lun vn tt nghip i hc (c ch: 14)
Ngnh . (c ch: 14)
M ngnh (dnh cho Tin s) (c ch: 14)
Tn ti (c ch: 20)
Tn tc gi (c ch: 14)
Nm (c ch: 14)

1.3.7 Trang in
Lun vn trnh by theo chiu giy ng (portrait),
ngoi tr hnh hay bng c th trnh by giy ngang
(landscape).

CHNG 2
HNH THC CA LUN VN/LUN N
Thng thng lun vn c 3 phn ch yu: (i) phn u
(cc trang ph ba, trang tm tt, trang li cm t, trang mc
lc, trang danh sch bng, trang danh sch hnh), (ii) phn
chnh ca lun vn (bi vit) chia thnh nhiu ni dung nh
Chng 1: M u/Gii thiu, Chng 2: Lc kho ti liu,
Chng 3: Phng php nghin cu; Chng 4: Kt qu v
Tho lun,) v (iii) phn cui (ti liu tham kho, ph
lc,). Cu trc mt lun vn/lun n nn gm cc phn sau:
TT M t
1. Trang ph ba

2.

Trang xc nhn ca Hi ng

Li cm t
Trang knh tng
Tm tt ting Vit
Tm tt ting Anh
Trang cam kt kt qu
Mc lc
Danh sch bng
Danh sch hnh
Danh mc t vit tt
Phn chnh lun vn
- Chng 1: Gii thiu
- Chng 2: Tng quan ti liu
- Chng 3: Phng php nghin cu
- Chng 4: Kt qu v tho lun
- Chng 5: Kt lun v xut
13. Ti liu tham kho
14. Ph lc
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Ghi ch
Khng nh
s v khng
tnh trang
Dnh cho
lun vn cao
hc
(nu c)

(nu c)

2.1 Trang ta (trang ph ba)

Trang ny gm cc ni dung sau:
-

Lun vn Cao hc/Lun n Tin s (c ch: 14)

Ngnh . (c ch: 14)
M ngnh (dnh cho Tin s)
Tn ti (c ch: 20)
Tc gi (c ch: 14)
Cn b hng dn (c ch: 14)

Lu : khng in logo trng, khng in mu, khng ng

khung, ta bi khi xung dng th cu phi v in gia
dng (center) (Ph lc B).
2.2 Tm tt
Khong 200-350 t i vi lun vn cao hc hay 500700 t cho lun n tin s. Tm tt trnh by gm 4 ni dung
chnh (i) gii thiu v ch nghin cu v mc tiu ca
nghin cu; (ii) m t nhng phng php chnh ca nghin
cu; (iii) tm lc cc kt qu nghin cu t c v cc
nhn nh chnh; v (iv) cc kt lun v xut chnh (nu c).
Trong phn tm tt ca lun vn nn trnh a biu bng hay
hnh (ngoi tr tm tt dng trong cc tt hi ngh, hi tho,...
c th dng hnh hay bng) v KHNG c trch dn ti liu
tham kho.
T kha: khng qu 6 t, khng s dng cc t ca,
v, khng c vit tt, chn t n gin c lin quan n
ni dung ca bo co v c lp li nhiu ln trong bo co.
Hn ch lp li cc t xut hin ta bo co.
2.3 Li cm t
Thng l li cm t n ngi hng dn, ngi gip
, ngi/n v ti tr/d n/ ti lun vn/lun n c
hon thnh.

2.4 Trang xc nhn ca Hi ng (dnh cho Cao hc)

Trang ny gm tt c ch k, tn ca cc thnh vin hi
ng xc nhn kt qu bo v ca lun vn tt nghip cao hc
(khng dng cho bc tin s) (Ph lc C).
2.5 Trang cam kt kt qu
Ti xin cam kt lun vn ny c hon thnh da trn
cc kt qu nghin cu ca ti v cc kt qu ca nghin cu
ny cha c dng cho bt c lun vn cng cp no khc.
Trong trng hp nu lun vn l mt phn ca d n
m cha c bo co nghim thu v theo yu cu ca Cn b
hng dn th phi cam kt: Ti xin cam kt lun vn ny c
hon thnh da trn cc kt qu nghin cu ca ti trong khun
kh ca ti/d n . Tn d n ). D n c
quyn s dng kt qu ca lun vn ny phc v cho d n.
Ngy: ..
K tn
Tn ca hc vin
(Lu : nu hc vin cao hc s dng s liu ca ti
hay d n no ca Thy/C hay ca ai th cn c giy
xc nhn cho php s dng s liu ca ch nhim ti/d n
lu h s ca hc vin)
2.6 Mc lc
Lit k theo trnh t cc mc v tiu mc ca bi vit
cng vi s trang tng ng. Trnh by ti a n tiu mc th
2 khng tnh tiu mc chng (v d nh tiu mc 2.2.3) (Ph
lc D). Ring phn ph lc th khng trnh by chi tit.
2.7 Danh sch bng
Lit k chnh xc tn ca cc bng trong bi v s trang
tng ng. Khi vit trong lun vn t Bng phi vit hoa (v
d: theo Bng 2 cho thy rng hoc nhit bin ng t
25oC n 31oC (Bng 5)).
7

2.8 Danh sch hnh

Lit k chnh xc tn ca cc hnh trong bi v s trang
tng ng (lu l ch dng thut ng HNH cho tt c cc
trng hp hnh v, hnh chp, s , th, biu ,). Khi
vit trong lun vn t Hnh phi vit hoa.
2.9 Danh mc t vit tt (nu c)
Trnh by y cc thut ng vit tt trong bi vit,
trong bi vit phi vit y cho ln u tin v km theo t
vit tt. V d: ng bng sng Cu Long (BSCL). Cc n
v o lng khng cn trnh by. V d v trnh by danh mc
t vit tt nh di y:
BSCL
ng bng sng Cu Long
HCT
i hc Cn Th
BNN-PTNN B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn
2.10 Ni dung lun vn/lun n
2.10.1 Ni dung bi vit
Ni dung lun vn/lun n thng thng gm nhiu phn
v mi phn c th cu trc nh chng hay phn v cc tiu
mc v tiu mc ph i km (Ph lc E). Cc phn chnh ca
lun vn/lun n gm:
Chng 1: GII THIU (tiu in hoa, in m, t
gia trang, c ch 14)
Gii thiu v ch nghin cu ca lun vn/lun n
lm r tm quan trng cng nh ngha ca ch . Ni dung
bao gm bi cnh, t ra cc gi thuyt v mc tiu m nghin
cu s t c. Trong phn ny cn chia thnh cc tiu mc
ph nh mc tiu nghin cu, gi thuyt (nu c), ni dung
nghin cu, gii hn ca nghin cu (nu cn),... Ni dung ny
nn t 800-1200 t.
Ring i vi lun n tin s cn c thm cc tiu mc
nh ngha ca lun n v nhng im mi ca lun n.
8

Chng 2: TNG QUAN TI LIU (tiu in hoa, in

m, t gia trang, c ch 14)
Phn ny rt quan trng, ni dung phi tng quan c
ti liu lin quan n ch ca lun vn lm c s cho
vic thit k cc ni dung v th nghim ca nghin cu. Ti
liu tham kho phi cp nht, vit c tnh phn tch v tng hp
ch khng phi lm tm tt cc kt qu nghin cu t ti liu
tham kho.
Chng 3: PHNG PHP NGHIN CU (tiu
in hoa, in m, t gia trang, c ch 14)
Chng ny phi m t chi tit cc phng php, k
thut v mu vt, thit b chnh, dng trong nghin cu. C
th vit theo tng ni dung nghin cu ca lun vn/lun n.
M t chi tit phng php b tr th nghim, cc s liu thu
thp v phng php thu thp, phng php phn tch mu thu,
phng php x l s liu,
Trong trng hp ti iu tra th cn lm r s mu s
iu tra, cch chn mu, cu trc bng cu hi, phng php
phn tch s liu, (Lu : nn a bng cu hi s dng
trong nghin cu vo ph lc)
Chng 4: KT QU V THO LUN (tiu in
hoa, in m, t gia trang, c ch 14)
Chng ny trnh by chi tit kt qu ca nghin cu
bng cch s dng bng s liu, hnh, m t (text), s dng
php thng k nh gi kt qu, sao cho cc kt qu chnh
ca nghin cu c ni bt.
Chng ny c th vit thnh hai dng (i) trnh by kt
qu v tho lun chung hay (ii) tch trnh by kt qu v tho
lun ring. Ngi vit chn cch vit sao cho ph hp vi kh
nng ca mnh cng nh c im ca kt qu nghin cu.
Ni dung tho lun phi lm ni bt mi quan h ca kt
qu t c ca nghin cu vi gi thuyt t ra cho nghin
9

cu. Tho lun lm r nhng kt qu chnh, ngha, cc vn

c lin quan; dng ti liu tham kho bin minh kt qu
nghin cu. Bi vit phi to c s gn kt ca kt qu
nghin cu vi ni dung, ni dung vi mc tiu, v mc tiu
vi tn (ch ) nghin cu.
Chng 6: KT LUN V XUT (tiu in hoa,
in m, t gia trang, c ch 14)
Cn c vo cc kt qu chnh ca nghin cu a ra
cc kt lun trong mi lin h vi mc tiu ca nghin cu v
xut cho cc nghin cu tip theo (nu c). Lu khi vit
kt lun th khng gii thch v xut phi gn vi ch ca
lun vn/lun n.
2.10.2 Trnh by bng v hnh
S liu ca bng phi c trnh by thng nht bng s
-rp. Hnh bao gm bng , th, s , hnh chp (nh),
hnh v t my tnh, Bng v hnh phi nh s theo th t
chng (v d: bng/hnh ca chng 1 th nh s 1.1 hay
1.2, hoc ca chng 2 th nh s 2.1 hay 2.2). Tn ca cc
bng/hnh phi uc lit k phn danh sch bng/hnh phn
u. Bng/hnh phi t ngay sau phn m t (text) v
bng/hnh . Khng t bng/hnh ngay sau mc hoc tiu
mc. Tn bng phi t pha trn bng v so l bn tri (left).
Tn hnh t di hnh v gia dng (center); khng in m
hoc nghing cho tn bng v hnh. Tn bng v hnh phi
ngha tc th hin y ni dung ca bng v hnh (trnh
dng tn chung chung nh kt qu ca th nghim 1 hay 2,).
Bng phi trnh by s liu gn, trnh qu nhiu s liu
lm bng tr nn phc tp v kh hiu. Chn cch trnh by
thch hp lm ni bt ni dung hay ngha ca bng. Khng
k ng dc cho cc ct v ng ngang cho tng dng ngoi
tr dng tiu v dng cui ca bng. C th k khi trnh by
nhng ch khng in (Ph lc F). Cc ct s liu nn so
hng (c tiu ca ct) v pha phi (right). Cc ghi ch
10

ngha thng k (a, b, c,) c th t sau s trung bnh hay sau

lch chun hay sai s chun nhng phi thng nht trong
ton lun vn/lun n v t ln trn s (supercsript). Khng
cch khong (space bar) gia s trung bnh du v lch
(v d: 34,52,34 ch khng 34,5 2,34).
Cc ghi ch (legend) trn hnh v tiu bng nn trnh
vit ch tt gy kh hiu cho ngi c. V d nh NT1 ( ni
nghim thc 1) th tt nht l ghi r nghim thc tn g?;
nu nghim thc 1 l nng ha cht th nghim l 5 mg/L
th nn ghi trc tip l 5 mg/L. Trng hp tn nghim thc di
khng th ghi chi tit th phi c ghi ch km theo c th l
cui bng hay cui tn ca hnh, vi c ch 10 (hnh nn
ch in line with text khng b chy).
Khi trnh by hnh (hay cn gi l th) nn lu l
hnh dng ng biu hin xu hng lin tc tc c tnh
tng quan gia cc gi tr x (trc honh) v y (trc tung);
dng ct (bar) th hin s liu khng tng quan nhng so
snh; dng kt hp (ng v ct) biu hin xu hng (c
tng quan); dng im (scatter) th hiu s liu c tnh
phn b; v dng bnh (pie) th hin t l (%). Khng dng
khung cho hnh (Ph lc G).
2.10.4 Trnh by cc chng
Tn ca chng phi t u trang v gia dng (center).
Trong cc chng c th c nhiu tiu mc nh ty theo tng
lun vn. Cc mc v tiu mc c nh s theo s chng.
Tiu mc ch n cp th 3. V d tiu mc th 1 ca chng 2
th nh du l 2.1, 2.2,; tiu mc th 2 ca chng 2 th
nh s 2.1.1 hay 2.1.2,; v tiu mc 3 ca chng 2 l
2.1.1.1 hay 2.1.1.2. Nhng tiu mc nh hn nh s a, b, c,
2.10.5 Cng thc
Cng thc ton hay cng thc ha hc nh du theo th
t ca chng, vi c ch 12. V tr nh du bn phi ca
11

trang. V d cng thc th nht chng 2 th nh s 2.1 m

khng tnh n cng thc thuc tiu mc no ca chng.
2.10.6 Trch dn
Trch dn theo nguyn tc dng h i vi ngi nc
ngoi v c h v tn i vi ngi Vit.
Khi li trch dn trong bi vit th t tn tc gi trong
ngoc n nh (v d: Nhu cu cu cht m ca c tra l
(Nguyn Thanh Phng, 1998). Nu nh tn tc gi
ng u cu vn th t nm xut bn trong du ngoc (v d:
Nguyn Thanh Phng (1998) cho rng . . . .).
Nu nh ti liu tham kho c 2 tc gi th vit tn c hai
(ni nhau bng t v cho ting Vit hay and cho ting Anh);
nu hn 2 tc gi th vit tn tc gi th nht v thm t v ctv.
hay et al. cho ting Anh (in nghing) trong bi vit (text). Tuy
nhin, trong ti liu tham kho th phi vit tn tt c cc tc
gi ca bi vit.
2.10.7 Ti liu tham kho
Lit k tt c nhng ti liu c trch dn trong bi
vit, cn phi vit chnh xc tn v h ngi c c th truy
tm ti liu khi cn. Nu nh trong mt nm m cng mt tc
gi hay nhm tc gi c nhiu ti liu xut bn th phi ghi ch
a, b, c, sau nm xut bn ti liu (vd: Trn Vn A, 1999a;
1999b;) (trong iu kin lun vn s dng c 2 ti liu ny)
(Ph lc H).
Lu : tt c cc tc gi c trch dn trong bi vit th
phi ghi phn ti liu tham kho v ngc li tt c cc ti
tiu tham kho th phi c trch dn trong bi vit, trnh lit
k thiu hay d ti liu tham kho.
1.10.8 Ph lc
t ngay sau phn ti liu tham kho. Ph lc l phn s
liu th/s liu gc, cc bng x l thng k, hnh v, hnh
chp, cc bng s liu m t quan trng khng a vo bi vit,
12

bng cu hi, C th nhm chng thnh cc ph lc ln theo

ch . V d Ph lc A: bng cu hi,; Ph lc B: s liu
liu th/s liu gc; Trong trng hp ny th nh s A.1,
A.2, hay B.1, B.2,
1.10.9 n v o lng
Phi dng theo nguyn tc sau v thng nht trong ton
lun vn:
-

(1 L) (t lt vit hoa)
(20 kg)
(2,5 ha)
(45 ppm)

1 litre
20 kilogram
2,5 hectare
45 part per thousand
..

n v o lng phi cch ch s 1 khong (1 space

bar) (v d: 10 kg). i vi phn trm (%) th khng cn cch
1 khong (v d: 50%).
1.10.10 S
S i km vi n v o lng th vit s sau l n v
o lng (vd: 5 L, 5 kg,). Nu s ng u cu th phi vit
ch s (v d: Nm mi ngi .). Trng hp s dng
ch mt chui s th vit bng s (v d: 4 nghim thc hay 10
mu (khng vit l bn hay mi),
S thp phn phi dng du phy (v d: 3,25 kg) v s
t hng ngn tr ln th dng du chm (vd: 1.230 m). Nguyn
tc lm trn s (i) da theo s thp phn m phng tin th
nghim c th cn/o c, nu phng tin o c 3 s thp
phn th s thp phn dng khng qu 3; (ii) c th dng
nguyn tt lm trn s 1% ngha l nu phn s nguyn ch l
hng n v (tc t 1-9) th dng 2 s thp phn (v d: 3,25 kg
3 l hng n v th dng 2 s thp l 25); nu s nguyn l
hng chc (tc t 10-99) th dng 1 s thp phn (vd: 12,5 cm);
v nu s nguyn l hng trm tr ln (100 th khng dng s
13

thp phn (vd: 102 cm). Cch dng s thp phn phi thng
nht trong ton lun vn/lun n.

14

PH LC A:
TRANG BA
(s c c qui nh thm mu sc theo ngnh hy
khi ngnh qui nh sau)
TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA . (c ch 14, in m)

NGUYN VN A (c ch 14, in m)

NGHIN CU
. (c ch 20, in m)

LUN VN TT NGHIP CAO HC

NGNH (c ch 14, in m)

2012 (c ch 14)

15

PH LC B :
TRANG PH BA
(s c qui nh ring theo ngnh)
TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA/VIN (c ch 14, in m)

NGUYN VN A (c ch 14, in m)

NGHIN CU .
. (c ch 20, in m)

LUN VN TT NGHIP CAO HC

NGNH (c ch 14, in m)

CN B HNG DN (c ch 13, in m)
PGs. Ts. NGUYN VN A (c ch 13, in m)

2012 (c ch 13, in m)
16

PH LC C:
TRANG CHP THUN CA HI NG
(dnh cho bc cao hc)
CHP THUN CA HI NG (c ch 14)
Lun vn ny, vi ta l nh gi phm cht go,
kh nng chu hn v a dng di truyn protein d tr ca 55
ging la trng ven bin cc tnh Bn Tre, Long An, Tin
Giang v Tr Vinh nm 2001, do hc vin Nguyn Thanh
Tng thc hin theo s hng dn ca PGs.Ts. Nguyn Vn
A v Ts. Nguyn Th B. Lun vn bo co v c Hi
ng chm lun vn thng qua ngy .
y vin
(k tn)

Th k
(k tn)

Ts. PHM VN .

Ts. TRN CNG

Phn bin 1
(k tn)

Phn bin 2
(k tn)

Ts. L VN ..

PGs.Ts. BI TH .....

Cn b hng dn
(k tn)

Ch tch Hi ng
(k tn)

PGs.Ts. Nguyn Vn A
(nu c 2 hng dn th
ghi cn b hng dn chnh)

Gs.Ts. NGUYN

17

PH LC D:
TRNH BY MC LC
MC LC (c ch 14)
Ch ghi ti tiu mc th 2 (hay th 3 nu tnh c tiu mc
chng)
Tm tt ................................................................................ i
Abstract ................................................................................ ii
Chng 1: Gii thiu ......................................................... 1
Chng 2: Lc kho ti liu ........................................... 3
2.1 Tnh hnh nui tm BSCL ........................................ 6
2.2 Tnh hnh bnh tm ........................................................ 7
2.2.1 Bnh m trng ........................................................... 7
2.2.2 Bnh u vng ............................................................. 9
2.3 Gii php ........................................................................ 12
Chng 3: Vt liu v phng php ................................ 16
3.1 Vt liu ........................................................................... 16
3.2 Phng php ................................................................... 18
Chng 4: Kt qu v tho lun ....................................... 25
4.1 Kt qu iu tra bnh tm .............................................. 25
4.2 Kt qu ........................................................................... 28
4.2.1 Nguyn nhn ............................................................... 35
4.2.2 Kt qu ........................................................................ 42
Chng 5: Kt lun v xut ......................................... 56
5.1 Kt lun .......................................................................... 56
5.2 xut ........................................................................... 59
Ti liu tham kho.............................................................. 62
Ph lc ................................................................................. 65

18

PH LC E:
TRNH BY PHNNI DUNG
CHNG ..
------------ TN CHNG ------------ (c ch 14)
3.1 Kt qu iu tra . (tiu mc th 1 nu khng tnh
chng)
Kt qu kho st
3.1.1 Kt qu iu tra . tnh Tr Vinh (tiu mc
th 2, khng tnh chng)
Kt qu iu tra trn 30 h nui ..
3.1.2 Kt qu iu tra tnh Kin Giang
C 12 loi bnh tm pht hin trong vng iu tra, bao
gm .
3.1.2.1 Nguyn nhn (tiu mc th 3)
Tm cht cc ao c lin quan mt thit vi s bin
ng ca cc yu t mi trng.
a) Mi trng (tiu mc ph)
Mi trng vng nui tm tnh Tr Vinh trong nhng
nm qua lun bin ng ln,
3.1.2.2 Gii php trong ..
Nm 2008 l nm ngnh nng nghip .
Lu : Tn cc tiu mc in m

19

PH LC F:
CCH TRNH BY BNG
V D V CCH TRNH BY BNG
Bng 2.1: Bin ng . (Bng th nht ca chng 2)
Tm
M hnh
Tng trng tuyt
Tng trng
i (g/ngy)
tng i
(%/ngy)
Ging
Lun canh
0,180,02a
2,980,07a
Ging
Kt hp
0,170,03a
2,930,13a
a
Bt
Lun canh
0,170,02
4,470,07b
a
Bt
Kt hp
0,140,01
4,370,04b
Lu :
- Ni dung ca ct th nht v cc ct m t ni dung l ch th
so l tri. Ni dung cc ct l s th so l phi.
- dy ca ng gch ngang bng l 1pt
- Khng tch ra gia ch s du
- Khng lm khung cho bng, ch gch trn v di cho tiu v
cui bng

20

PH LC G:
CCH TRNH BY HNH
Nguyn tc trnh by hnh trong lun vn v lun n nh
sau:
-

Hnh phi chn kch c sao cho cn i, hnh qu nh

s kh c/xem nhng qu ln khng p v t
gia (center)

Ni dung ca hnh phi r rng, ngha v d

hiu; cc ng, ct hay phn ca dng bnh (Pie)
phi chn mu m/nht hay texture/pattern ca
ct/bnh khc nhau d phn bit nht l khi in
trng en;

dy ca cc ng (line) phi ln c th d
nhn (t 1,5-2 pt);

Khng lm khung cho hnh.

MT S DNH HNH THNG GP
(cn gi l th)

Dng ng th hin xu hng lin tc, c tng quan gia

thi gian (x=nm) v sn lng thy sn nui v c tra (y=sn
lng)
21

Dng ct (bar) th hin s liu khng tng quan nhng so

snh (so snh li im xy dng trung tm ngh c gia cc
cc tnh BSCL)

Dng kt hp (ng v ct) biu hin xu hng (c tng

quan thi gian (nm=x) v sn lng (y).

22

Dng im (scatter) th hiu s liu c tnh phn b (s liu

phn b v khi lng c trong ao ti mt thi im no ca
thi gian nui; dng im c th pht trin thnh phng trnh
tng quan)

Dng bnh (pie) th hin t l (%) (so snh t l cc ngnh

trong c cu GDP ca Vit Nam, 9 thng u nm 2010)

23

PH LC H:
LIT K TI LIU TRCH DN
TI LIU THAM KHO (c ch 14)
C nhiu nguyn tc lit k ti liu trch dn, trong
hng dn ny thng nht cch lit k nh sau:
Vit chung gia ti liu ting Vit v ting Anh. Nu bi
vit l ting Anh th khng dch sang ting Vit. Trong phn
lit k ti liu tham kho th xp theo th t A,B,C, nh vy
vi ti liu ting Vit th cn c vo h ca tc gi u tin
(khng phi l tn).
a) Nguyn tc tng qut
- Tn vit theo trnh t H ca tc gi th nht trc
theo sau l du phy ri n ch lt v tn (vit tt v tip theo
l du chm), nhng tc gi cn li th ghi tn v ch lt trc
(vit tt c du chm theo sau) v vit nguyn h (gia cc ch
vit tt vit lin nhau);
- Gia hai tc gi l du phy nhng trc tc gi cui
cng dng t v trong ting Vit hay t and trong ting
Anh;
- i vi tc gi l ngi Vit th khng vit tt m vit
y theo trnh t h, ch lt, tn;
- Nm ca bi vit th vit sau tc gi cui cng, c th l
trong du ngoc n (V d: (2005)) hay khng du ngoc m
c du phy trc (v d: , 2005) nhng phi thng nht
trong ton danh sch ti liu tham kho.
b) i vi ti liu xut bn trong cc tp ch
Nguyn tc: Tc gi, nm. Tn bi vit. Tn y ca
tp ch, quyn/s: trang bi vit.

24

V d:
- Ho, Y.W. and S.S.Y. Nawawi, 1969. Effects of carbon
Journal of Molecular Biology, 45: 567-575.
- Nguyn Thanh Phng, Trn Ngc Hi v Nguyn L
Hong Yn, 1999. ng tm .... nc xanh ci tin. Tp ch
Thy sn, s 32: 42-45.
c) i vi sch
Nguyn tc: Tc gi, nm. Tn sch. Ln xut bn (ch
ghi nu l ln xut bn th 2 tr i). Nh xut bn. Ni xut
bn. Tng s trang quyn sch.
V d:
- Nguyn Anh Tun v Trn Ngc Hi, 1992. K thut
nui tm s. Nh xut bn Nng nghip. H Ni. 68 trang.
- Boyd, C.E., 1995. Bottom soils ....... Chapman and
Hall. New York. 348 pp.
d) i vi ti liu hi tho, hi ngh
Nguyn tc: Tc gi, nm. Tn bi vit. Trong (In nu
l ti liu ting Anh): Tn ngi ch bin hay ngi hiu nh
(vit theo nguyn tc vit ca tc gi 2: tn v ch lt vit tt
v h vit y ) (ch bin hay Editor(s) nu bi vit l ting
Anh). Tn quyn sch. Tn hi ngh, thi gian hi ngh, a
im hi ngh. Tn nh xut bn. Ni xut bn. Trang ca bi
vit (Lu : trng hp khng phi l nh xut bn m l tn
tp ch no th ghi tn tp ch m khng cn ghi ni xut
bn).
V d:
- Benzie, J.A.H., E. Ballment and S. Brusher, 1993.
Genetic structure of Penaeus monodon ........ and allozymes. In:
G.A.E. Gall and H. Chen (Editors). Genetics in aquaculture.
Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium, 29 April
to 3 May 1991. Wuhan, China. Aquaculture, 111: 89-93.
25

- Nguyn Chu Hi, Trn Anh Tun v Nguyn Hu Th,

2005. Bc u nh gi vng ven bin Vit Nam.
Trong: Vn Khng, Nguyn Chu Hi,..
(Ch bin). Bo v mi trng v ngun li thu sn. K yu
Hi ngh ton quc, ngy 14-15 thng 1 nm 2005, Hi Phng.
Nh xut bn Nng nghip. H Ni. Trang 53-65.
e) i vi sch c nhiu bi vit vi nhiu tc gi hoc
nhm tc gi v c ngi ch bin
Nguyn tc: Vit ging nh bi vit trong hi ngh hay
hi tho (mc d)
V d:
- Shigueno, K., 1992. Shrimp culture industry in Japan.
In: A.W. Fast and L.J. Lester (Editors). Marine shrimp culture:
Principles and Practices. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 278 pp.
f) Trng hp sch m tn c quan, quc gia, nh
l tc gi
Nguyn tc: Tn c quan vit tt - ch hoa (FAO,
UNDP, ), nm. Tn bi vit/sch. Nh xut bn. Ni xut
bn. S trang.
V d:
- FAO, 1998. Report of the Food and Agriculture
organization fisheries mission for Thailand. FAO, Washington
D.C. 73 pp.
g) i vi sch ch bin
Nguyn tc: Tc gi (Ch bin hay Editor(s) nu ting
Anh), nm. Tn quyn sch. Tn nh xut bn. Ni xut bn.
Tng s trang.
V d:
- Loddging, W., (editor), 1967. Gas effluent analysis. M.
Dekker, Inc. New York. 200 pp.
26

h) Trng hp trch dn t website

Nguyn tc: Tn tc gi, nm. Tn bi vit. Tn website,
ngy truy cp (ting Vit ghi truy cp ngy. - nu bi vit l
ting Anh ghi accessed on.)
V d:
- Min, K., 1998. Wastewater pollution in China.
http://www html, accessed on 17/3/2008.
i) Lun vn, lun n (thesis)
Nguyn tc: Tn tc gi lun n/lun vn, nm. Tn lun
vn/lun n. Bc tt nghip (i hc, cao hc hay tin s). Tn
trng. a danh ca Trng.
V d:
- Tain, F.H., 1999. Impacts of aquaculture extension on
small-scale . in Thailand. Master thesis. The University of
Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mitchigan.
- Nguyn Th A, 2004. Nghin cu s dng thc n ch
bin ng nui c lc bng (Channa micropeltes). Lun vn
tt nghip Cao hc ngnh Nui trng Thy sn. i hc Cn
Th. Cn Th.
h) Lu khc:
- Trng hp trch dn m khng c bi (trch dn
qua ngi th 2): trong bi vit cn ghi r tc gi ca bi vit
nhng phi ghi km theo trch dn ca tc gi no trong ngoc
n. phn ti liu tham kho ch cn ghi ti liu ca tc gi
trch dn. Tuy nhin, trng hp ny phi gii hn trong bi
vit, v s dng nhiu th bi vit s khng hay.
V d: trch dn: .. tm cng xanh c nui ph
bin BSCL (Nguyn Vit Thng, 1988 trch dn ca Trn
Ngc Hi, 1999); nh vy trong danh mc ti liu tham kho
ch cn ghi ti liu ca Trn Ngc Hi, 1999)
27

- i vi tn nc ngoi: th t tn v h cng sp xp
khc nhau. Ngi Chu u v ngi Thi th tn t trc
h; ngi Trung quc, Nht v Vit Nam th h t trc
tn,.... v vy phi cn thn khi vit trong ti liu tham kho.

28

PH LC I:
MT S LU KHC
Thut ng: i vi ting Vit th cn c vo nhng qui
nh trong t in bch khoa lm cn c, tuy nhin nu c
trng hp t c hai cch vit th nn chn mt v thng nht
trong c bi vit.
Trnh by: i vi tn khoa hc th in nghing, khng
gch di; khng vit hoa sau du hai chm nu ch lm r
ngha, nu l mt cu th vit hoa ch u. Cc danh t ring l
t kp th phi vit hoa c hai t (v d: Cn Th, Vnh Long,..)
v t ch vng hay v tr a l a l th cng vit hoa (v d:
pha Bc, pha ng,..) (c th xem thm chi tit trong Quy
nh tm thi v vit hoa tn ring trong sch gio khoa theo
Quyt nh s 07/2003/Q-BGDT ngy 13/3/2003 ca B
trng B Gio dc v o to) (Ph lc J).
Lu : mt s ti liu khng c dng trch dn cho
lun vn cao hc hoc lun n tin s l lun vn tt nghip i
hc, sch khuyn ng, bi ging khng in chnh thc, ti liu
tp hun, chuyn cao hc, bo bo khng chnh thc (bo
co in hin hnh trong hi tho, bo co cng tc,.)

29

PH LC J:
QUY NH TM THI V VIT HOA TN
RING TRONG SCH GIO KHOA
(Trch Quyt nh s 07/2003/Q-BGDT ngy 13/3/2003
ca B trng B Gio dc v o to)
I. Cch vit tn ring Vit Nam
1. Tn ngi
Vit hoa ch ci u ca tt c cc m tit.
V d:
- inh Tin Hong, Trn Hng o.
- Trn Ph, Ng Gia T, Nguyn Th Minh Khai.
- V A Dnh, Bn Ti on.
* Ch : Tn danh nhn, nhn vt lch s c cu to
bng cch kt hp b phn vn l danh t chung vi b phn
tn gi c th cng c coi l tn ring v vit hoa theo quy
tc vit hoa tn ngi.
V d:
- ng Ging, B Trng.
- Chiu, Thm.
2. Tn a l
Vit hoa ch ci u ca tt c cc m tit.
V d:
- Thi Bnh, Tr Vinh, Cn Th.
- Tha Thin - Hu, B Ra - Vng Tu.
- Sa Pa, M Cang Chi, Pc B.
* Ch : Tn a l c cu to bi danh t ch hng
hoc bng cch kt hp b phn vn l danh t chung, danh t
ch hng vi b phn tn gi c th cng c coi l danh t
ring ch tn a l v vit hoa theo quy tc vit hoa tn a l.
30

V d:
- Bc B, Nam B, Ty Bc, ng Bc.
- Vm C ng, Trng Sn Ty.
- H Gm, Cu Giy, Bn Thu, Ca Vit, o
Ngang, Vng Tu.
3. Tn dn tc
Vit hoa ch ci u ca tt c cc m tit.
V d:
Kinh, Ty, Sn Du, L L, Ph L, H Nh.
4. Tn ngi, tn a l v tn cc dn tc Vit Nam
thuc cc dn tc thiu s anh em c cu to t a m tit
(cc m tit c lin nhau)
i vi mi b phn to thnh tn ring, vit hoa ch ci
u v c gch ni gia cc m tit.
V d:
- -, Ba-na, X-ng, T-i.
- K-pa K-lng, N-trang-lng.
1. Tn c quan, t chc, on th
Vit hoa ch ci u ca m tit u tin v cc m tit
u ca cc b phn to thnh tn ring.
V d:
- Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng Cng sn Vit Nam;
- U ban Thng v Quc hi;
- U ban Trung ng Mt trn T quc Vit Nam;
- B Gio dc v o to;
- B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi;
- B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn;
- Trung ng on Thanh nin Cng sn H Ch Minh;
- Trng i hc S phm H Ni I;
- Trng Tiu hc Kim ng;
- Nh my C kh Nng nghip I.
31

6. T v cm t ch cc con vt, vt, s vt c

dng lm tn ring ca nhn vt
Vit hoa ch ci u ca m tit to thnh tn ring.
V d:
- (ch) Chut, (bc) Gu, (c) Cho Mo;
- (bc) Ni ng, (c) Chi Rm, (anh) Cn Cu;
- (ng) Mt Tri, (ch) My Trng.
II. Cch vit tn ring nc ngoi
1. Tn ngi, tn a l
1.1. Trng hp phin m qua m Hn - Vit: Vit theo
quy tc vit tn ngi, tn a l Vit Nam.
V d:
- Mao Trch ng, Kim Nht Thnh.
- c, Nht Bn, B o Nha, Triu Tin.
1.2. Trng hp phin m khng qua m Hn - Vit
(phin m trc tip, vit st theo cch c): i vi mi b
phn to thnh tn ring, vit hoa ch ci u v c gch ni
gia cc m tit.
V d:
- Ph-ri--rch ng-ghen, V-la-i-mia I-lch L-nin.
- Mt-xc-va, I-ta-li-a, An-gi-ri.
2. Tn c quan, t chc, on th nc ngoi
2.1. Trng hp dch ngha: Vit theo quy tc vit tn c
quan, t chc, on th Vit Nam.
V d:
- Trng i hc Tng hp Quc gia Mt-xc-va
mang tn L-m-n-xp.
- Vin Khoa hc Gio dc Bc Kinh.

32

2.2. Trng hp vit tt: Vit nguyn dng vit tt. Tu

tng trng hp, c th ghi thm tn dch ngha hoc ghi thm
tn nguyn dng khng vit tt
V d:
- WB (Ngn hng Th gii), hoc WB (World Bank).

33

PH LC K:
HNG DN CCH TRNH BY
BO CO LUN VN/LUN N
(Trnh by bng phn mm Power Point)
2. Yu cu
Yu cu chung ca bo co ni (oral) l phi (i) gn, r
rng v hp dn; (ii) b cc cht ch v d hiu; (iii) ni dung
truyn t r rng; (iv) tp trung vo ni dung chnh v cc
im ni bc; v (v) thu ht c ngi nghe, c bit l Hi
ng chm lun/lun n.
Trong trng hp bo v lun vn/lun n th cc thnh
vin Hi ng c qua ni dung lun vn/lun n v th cn
chn lc thng tin trnh by. Tuy nhin, ngoi Hi ng
cng c ngi tham d cha c qua lun vn/lun n nn
cng phi cu trc sao cho ngi tham d c th hiu c
lun vn/lun n.
3. Phng php c bo co hay
Bo co hay phi c cc yu t nh (i) ngi bo co
phi chn cch bo co ph hp vi mnh; (ii) phi to v gi
c s ch ca ngi nghe; (iii) v b cc ca bi bo co
phi hay ngi nghe d hiu v nh ni dung sau khi nghe
bo co (take-home message).
Bn cnh, ngi bo co phi hiu v c tnh ca ngi
nghe l:
- u bo co th ngi nghe ch CAO v mun bit
ni dung bo co l g?.
- Gia bo co th ngi nghe ch n bo co THP
v h s c suy ngh ring hay lm vic g .
- Cui bo co th ngi nghe ch CAO tr li v mun
bit kt lun ca bo l g?.
34

V vy, gi c s ch ca ngi nghe mc cao

nht c th, th ngi bo co c th p dng mt trong nhng
cch nh (i) thay i ging ni (ln hay xung ging); (ii) thay
i cch ni (c, dn chng, t cu hi, di chuyn,); v
(iii) thay i hnh thc trnh by (ch, bng, cng thc, biu
, animation/hiu ng?,) sao cho hp dn.
4. Cu trc bo co
Bo co ni thng c cu trc gm cc phn nh:
- Phn u: gm 2 phn l (i) tn lun vn/lun n, tn
tc gi v tn cn b hng dn; v (ii) cu trc bo co
thng c cc dng nh gii thiu, mc tiu, ni dung, kt
lun v cm t. Phn ni dung c th c cc dng chi tit cc
ni dung chnh m lun vn/lun n s c trnh by trong
bo co nhng khng cn qu chi tit.
- Phn gia: l phn ni dung chnh ca bo co, gm
cc phn nh (i) phng php nghin cu; v (ii) kt qu v
tho lun.
Phn ny l phn chnh ca bo co v th phi th hin
c cc phng php s dng trong nghin cu v nhng
kt qu chnh/ni bc ca bo co thng qua cc bng, hnh, v
cu ch, sao cho d hiu v ngi nghe c th nh c cc
kt qu quan trng ca bo co. Hnh phi c chn lc v
trnh by sao cho n gin, c trng tm, Bng cng cn n
gin, d nhn ra cc s liu quan trng, Cc hnh v bng
c th trnh by khc, hay n gin hn trong lun vn/lun n
nhng phi c c ni dung chnh mun th hin. Trong mt
s trng hp c th khng cn th hin lch chun (std)
hay sai s chun (SE) trong bng hay hnh nu nh khng
phi l im nhn ca bng hay hnh. Mi bng hay hnh cn
c ghi ch nhn xt chnh ngi nghe d theo di v cng
thun li trong lc trnh by bo cao.

35

Trong bo co cn trnh dng qu nhiu thut ng,

khng cn thit phi vit thnh cu m ch nn ghi cc t hay
cm t quan trng din gii trong qu trnh bo co.
- Phn cui: Phn ny s tm li cc kt qu chnh tm
c t nghin cu v nhn mnh nhng iu ngi nghe cn
nh; nu cc xut; nu vi tho lun (nu cn).
5. Thi gian bo co
Thi gian bo co dnh cho lun vn thc s khong 2025 pht v lun n tin s t 30-40 pht ty theo qui nh ca
Hi ng. Tuy nhin, khi bo co cn lu l khng nn bo
co vt thi gian qui nh (tt nht l sm hn 1-2 pht), tc
ni khng nn qu nhanh (ngi nghe s theo di khng
kp) hay qu chm (ngi nghe d b mt ch ). Kinh nghim
cho thy thi gian bo co thng 1 pht cho 1 slide ni dung.
Khng nn a qu nhiu ni dung vo 1 slide hay hoc mt
ni dung nh m t nhiu slide d gy kh hiu.
6. Hnh thc trnh by bo co
a) Cu trc bo co thng gm
-

1 slide trnh by ta bi, tc gi, ngi hng dn

1 slide trnh by cu trc bo co (4-6 dng)
Cc slides trnh by ni dung
1 slide trnh by kt lun
1 slide trnh by cm t (nu c)

b) Hnh thc trnh by

- Tn bo co: c ch ti thiu=32 (tt nht=36-40)
- Ni dung:
- C ch ti thiu 24 ppt
- Khng qu 8-10 dng ch vit/slide
- Khng qu 8-10 t/dng
- Trnh hnh v bng phc tp
- Khng nn dng ch c chn
36

- In m/nghing hay s dng mu ch khc cho cc

phn cn nhn mnh
- Nn dng cc nh du u dng (bullet point) v so
hng u dng th hin cc ca bo co; cc
ph c th tht vo v kch c ch nh hn d theo
di v phn bit.
- Trnh dng nhiu lnh hiu ng (animation) v qu
nhiu mu sc trong bo co; lu trnh dng cc
mu qu nht s kh xem khi trnh chiu.

37

TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA SAU I HC

QUI NH
CCH VIT V TRNH BY
LUN VN CAO HC V LUN N TIN S
(Dnh cho khi ngnh Nng nghip, Thy sn, Mi trng v Cng ngh Sinh hc)

4/2013