HIATAL

HERNIA
ALEJANDRO VILLAGRANA ALVAREZ
ENGLISH VI
TEACHER: MARTHA GONZLEZ REYES

TYPE OF PATIENTS

DIAPHRAGM
Tissue sinewy muscle
Form of two copulations
Points of insertion: xiphoid process, costal
edges chest wall, ends of the 11 and 12 ribs,
posterior abdominal wall, lumbar vertebrae
Innervated by the phrenic nerve

Irrigated by: inferior and superior

arteries,
artery
intercostal,
pericardiophrenic.

phrenic
artery

Holes: aortic hiatus (aorta, vena azygos and

hemiazygos, thoracic duct), vena cava inferior
(phrenic nerve), esophageal hiatus.

ESOPHA
GUS
Cervical: belongs to the visceral compartment of the
neck
Thoracic: related to hockey sticks azygos vein and
aorta, the thoracic duct, left atrium of the heart
Abdominal: left lobe of the liver and lesser omentum.
Peristalsis
Primary: triggered by swallowing
Secondary: initiated by the parietal distention
Tertiary: spontaneous and propulsive
Lower sphincter: smooth muscle fibers, pressure of
15-30 mmHg.

CAUSES HIATAL
HERNIA
Aging
Chronic cough
Constipation
Obesity
Heavy lifting
Stress
Smoking
Previous surgery of stomach or esophagus

SYMPTOMATO
LOGY
Reflux symptoms
Chest pain
Difficulty swallowing
Regurgitation
Belching
Cough

COMPLICAT
IONS
Strangulation of the portion of the stomach that has slipped
Broncoaspiration
Changes in the structure of the esophageal Wall
Barretts esophagus
Esophageal cancer

CONFIRMATION OF
DIAGNOSIS
Radiography contrast barium
pH test
Manometry
Endoscopy

GASTROSCOPY
The test is performed in 15-30 minutes
Is recommended acompanied
Not require any medication special
Not food or water for 6-8 hours prior

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Patients with intestinal diseases that may worsen with test performance
Unestable or seriously ill patients with significant hypotension
Severe cervical scoliosos
Seriously bleeding problems
Severe arrhythmias

TREATMENT
Food diet devoid of irritants and in small amounts
Proton-pump inhibitor
Antagonists histamine 2
Prokinectics
Nissen fundoplication

PROGNOSIS
Generally is
favorable when
control of
symptoms with
dietary
pharmacological
and hygienic
measures
unfortunately 20%
of patients it
becomes a chronic

There is no better
way to love ourselves
that being aware of
our health, therefore
recommend constant
consultations with
our trusted physician
to be aware of our
health.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION