152016 SWITCH Training » VIP Lab Question ‘Answer and Explanation 1) “CORE should be the root bridge for VLAN 20; however, DSW1 is currently the root bridge for VLAN 20” -> We need to make CORE switch the root bridge for VLAN 20. By using the "show spanning-tree” command as shown above, we leamed that DSW is the root bridge for VLAN 20 (notice the line "This bridge is the root”), DSW1>enable DSW1#show spanning-tree DSW1#show spanning-tree Viawooo1 Spanning tree enabled protecol ieee Reot ID Priority 32769 Address 0016.4650. £300 cose 19 Port 9 (GigebitEtherneti1/0/9) Hello Time 2 seo Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1) Address 9016. 46fa. 9500 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 300 Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type Gilsosi Desg FuD 19 128.1 Pap Gilso/s Altn BLK 19 128.5 Pap Gilsove Altn BIK 19 128.6 = P2p_ Gilso/9 Root Fub 19 128.9 9 Pap ‘vLANO020 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 28692 Address 0016.46fa. p00 This bridge is the root Bridge ID Priority 26692 (priority 26672 sys-id-ext 20) Address 0016.46fa. 9b00 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 300 To determine the root bridge, switches send and compare their priorities and MAC addresses with each other. The switch with the lowest priority value will have highest priority and become the root bridge. Therefore, we can deduce that the priority of OSW1 switch is lower than the priority of the CORE switch so it becomes the root bridge. To make the CORE the root bridge we need to increase the DSW1's priority value, the best value should be 61440 because It is the biggest value allowed to assign and it will surely greater than of CORE switen. (You can use another value but make sure it is greater than the CORE priority value by checking if the CORE becomes the root bridge or not; and that value must be in increments of 4096). (Notice that the terms bridge and switch are used interchangeably when discussing STP) DSW1#configure terminal DSW1 (config) #spanning-tree vian 20 priority 61440 2) “Traffic for VLAN 30 should be forwarding over the gig 1/0/6 trunk port between DSW1 and DSW2. However VLAN 30 is currently using gig 1/0/5” DSW Is the root bridge for VLAN 30 (you can re-check with the show spanning-tree command as above), so all the ports are in forwarding state for VLAN 30. But the question said that VLAN 30 Is currently using Gig1/0/S so we can guess that port Gigi/0/6 on DSW2 is in blocking state (for VLAN 30 only), therefore all traffic for VLAN 30 will go through port Gigi/0/S bpikwww.certpreparecomivtolab-2kmore-8 18152016 SWITCH Training » VIP Lab oswi HL m swe [VLAN 30. |S 108 _ Gis 10g) VLAN 40] lRoot [sig vos Gig 10/5|for VLAN30| Root ‘The root bridge for VLAN 30, DSW1L, originates the Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) and switch DSW2 receives these BPDUS on both Gigi/0/5 and Gigi/0/6 ports. It compares the two BPDUs received, both have the same bridge-id so it ‘checks the port cost, which depends on the bandwidth of the link. In this case both have the same bandwidth so It continues to check the sender's port id (includes port priority and the port number of the sending interface), The lower port-id value will be preferred so the interface which received this port-id will be the root and the other interface (higher port-id value) will be blocked. In this case port Gigi /0/6 of DSW2 received a Priority Number of 128.6 (means that port priority is 128 and port umber is 6) and it is greater than the value received on port Gigi/0/S (with a Priority Number of 128.5) so port Gigi/0/6 will be blocked. You can check again with the "show spanning-tree” command. Below is the output (notice this command is issued on DSW1 - this is the value DSW2 received and used to compare). WLANO030 Spanning tree enabled protecol ieee Root ID Priority 24606 This bridge is the root Bridge ID Priority 24606 (priority 24576 sys-id-ext 30) Address 9016. 46f£a.9n00 Hello Time Z sec Mex Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 300 Pap P2p lGarsove FWD 19, 128.6] 2p Gilsoss Desg Fup 19 128-3 Pap ‘Therefore, all we need to do is to change the priority of port Gigl/0/6 to a lower value so the neighboring port will be in forwarding state. Notice that we only need to change this value for VLAN 30, not for all VLANs. DSW (config) #interface g1/0/6 DSW 1 (config-if) #spanning-tree vlan 30 port-priority 64 DSW1 (configcif) #exit 3) “Traffic for VLAN 40 should be forwarding over the However VLAN 40 is currently using gig 1/0/6” 1/0/5 trunk port between DSW1 and DSW2. Next we need to make sure traffic for VLAN 40 should be forwarding over Gig1/0/5 ports. It is a similar job, right? But wait, we are not allowed to make any configurations on DSW2, how can we change its port-priority for VLAN 40? There Is another solution for this. Besides port-priarity parameter, there is another value we can change: the Cost value (or Root Path Cost). Although it depends on the bandwidth of the link but a network administrator can change the cost of a spanning tree, if necessary, by altering the configuration parameter in such a way as to affect the choice of the root of the spanning tree, Notice that the Root Path Cost is the cost calculated by adding the cost in the received hello to the cost of the interface the hello BPDU was received, Therefore if you change the cost on an interface of DSW1 then only DSW1 will earn the change, By default, the cost of a 100Mbps link is 19 but we can change this value to make sure that VLAN 40 will use interface Gigt 0/5. DSW1 (config) #interface 91/0/5 DSW1 (config-if) #spanning-tree vian 40 cost 1 DSW1(config- if}#end You should re-check to see if everything was configured correctly: DSW1#show spanning-tree Save the configuration: bpikwww.certpreparecomivtolab-2kmore-8 28152016 SWITCH Training » VIP Lab DSW 1#copy running-config startup-config (Notice: Many reports said the copy running-config startup-config didn’t work but they still got the full mark) Remember these facts about Spanning-tree: Path Selection: 1) Prefer the neighbor advertising the lowest root ID 2) Prefer the neighbor advertising the lowest cost to root 3) Prefer the neighbor with the lowest bridge ID 4) Prefer the lowest sender port ID Spanning-tree cost: eure STP Cost 4 Mbps: 250 10 Mbpe 100. 16 Mops 62 48 Mbps 39 100 Mops 19 7155Mops 14 622 Mbps 6 4 Gbpe 10 Gops 2 bpikwww.certpreparecomivtolab-2kmore-8