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Xay Dung He Thong Bai Tap Hoa Vo Co Lop 10 Trung Hoc Pho Thong THPT Nham Cung Co Kien Thuc Va Phat Trien Tu Duy Sang Tao Cho Hoc Sinh
Xay Dung He Thong Bai Tap Hoa Vo Co Lop 10 Trung Hoc Pho Thong THPT Nham Cung Co Kien Thuc Va Phat Trien Tu Duy Sang Tao Cho Hoc Sinh
Trn Th Tr Hng
XY DNG H THNG BI TP HA V C
LP 10 TRUNG HC PH THNG NHM
CNG C KIN THC V PHT TRIN
T DUY SNG TO CHO HC SINH
LI CM N
Vi lng knh trng v bit n su sc, ti xin gi li cm n ti
TS. L Phi Thy - ngi tn tnh hng dn tc gi trong sut qu
trnh nghin cu v hon thnh lun vn.
Ti xin cm n Ban Gim Hiu, Phng Khoa hc Cng ngh v
sau i hc, cc Thy C khoa khoa Ha trng i hc S phm
thnh ph H Ch Minh, Ban Gim Hiu trng THPT Trn Ph huyn
Tn Bin tnh Ty Ninh to iu kin thun li cho ti trong sut qu
trnh hc tp v nghin cu khoa hc.
Ti trn trng cm n cc trng THPT Ty Ninh, THPT Tn
Chu, THPTLng Th Vinh ca tnh Ty Ninh gip ti trong
qu trnh thc nghim s phm.
Cui cng, ti xin gi li cm n n gia nh, ngi thn, bn b
v ng nghip gip , ng vin ti trong sut thi gian hc tp,
nghin cu v hon thnh lun vn.
Ty Ninh, nm 2009
Tc gi
CC CH VIT TT
as
nh sng
BT
bi tp
BTHH
bi tp ha hc
CTPT
Dd
dung dch
i chng
HSP
i hc s phm
ktc
gii
GV
gio vin
Hh
hn hp
HS
hc sinh
kh
LTV
Lng Th Vinh
Nxb
nh xut bn
SGK(sgk)
SGV(sgv)
TB
trung bnh
TDST
t duy sng to
THPT
trung hc ph thng
TN
thc nghim
YK
yu km
M U
1. L do chn ti
Gio dc l mt h thng ln trong h thng x hi, c lin quan mt thit n
vic hnh thnh v pht trin con ngi, nhn t quyt nh s pht trin ca x hi
loi ngi. V vy quc gia no, dn tc no cng ht sc quan tm n gio dc.
Trong tin trnh i mi ton din v gio dc p ng yu cu ngy cng cao
ca cng cuc xy dng, pht trin t nc theo hng cng nghip ha, hin i
ha, i mi phng php dy hc c xem l khu then cht, c ngha quyt
nh cht lng dy hc, cht lng gio dc. Cc kt qu nghin cu mi v l
lun dy hc cng nh thc tin dy hc ph thong trong nhng nm qua
khng nh ch c pht huy tnh tch cc ch ng hc tp ca hc sinh, gip hc
sinh bit cch hc, bit t hc th qu trnh hc tp ca cc em mi t c nhng
kt qu tt p c v tri thc, k nng ln thi .
Lut Gio dc nm 2005 vi cc quy nh c th hn v mc tiu, ni dung,
phng php, chng trnh gio dc cp trung hc ph thng, trong yu cu
Phng php gio dc ph thng phi pht huy tnh tch cc, t gic, ch ng
sng to ca hc sinh, ph hp vi tng c im ca tng lp hc, mn hc, bi
dng phng php t hc, rn luyn k nng thc hnh vn kin thc vo thc
tin, tc ng n tnh cm, em li nim vui v hng th hc tp cho hc
sinh[25, tr.34].
Bi tp l mt yu t rt quan trng ca qu trnh dy hc. Qua thc t, qu
trnh dy hc c hiu qu hay khng, hc sinh c nhn thc tch cc, sng to v
hnh thnh cc k nng, k xo hay khng ph thuc rt nhiu vo h thng bi
tp c thit k c hay khng. V vy vn bi tp trong dy hc cng l mt
chuyn ng lu . Hin nay, ngi ta thng ch n cc bi tp do cc
chuyn gia bin son v gii thiu trong cc sch bi tp ha hc. Chng ti mun
ni ti h thng bi tp do ngi dy t son khi ln lp. Mt gi hc c l th
khng, c tch cc ha c hot ng nhn thc ca hc sinh khng thng ph
thuc rt ln vo cht lng ca bi tp t son ny. Bi v s lng bi tp ha hc
th rt nhiu, a dng, trong khi s tit gii bi tp rt hn ch (15 20% tng s tit
hc). V vy gio vin cn chn bi tp in hnh v ni dung v phng php. T
bi tp , phn tch di nhiu gc khc nhau rt ra kt lun cho nhng bi
tp khc, ngha l thng qua mt bi tp m hng dn hc sinh phng php gii
hng lot cc bi tp c ni dung lin quan.
Trn c s , vic nghin cu vn XY DNG H THNG BI TP
HA V C NHM PHT TRIN NNG LC T DUY SNG TO CHO
HC SINH LP 10 TRUNG HC PH THNG l rt cn thit trong chng
trnh ha ph thng.
2. Mc ch nghin cu
La chn, xy dng h thng bi tp phn v c lp 10 chng trnh nng
cao v nghin cu s dng chng theo hng pht trin nng lc t duy sng to
cho hc sinh nhm nng cao cht lng dy hc ho hc, gp phn tch cc vo
vic i mi phng php dy hc trng trung hc ph thng.
3. Nhim v ca ti
- Nghin cu l lun v hot ng cng c kin thc v pht trin t duy sng
to ca hc sinh trong qu trnh dy hc ha hc.
- Tm hiu v h thng l lun bi tp ha hc.
- iu tra c bn tnh hnh dy hc ha hc trung hc ph thng ca gio
vin v vic s dng bi tp rn luyn nng lc t duy sng to cho hc sinh.
- Nghin cu v xy dng h thng bi tp gip hc sinh t lc chim lnh
kin thc v pht trin nng lc t duy sng to.
- Thc nghim s phm xc nh hiu qu ca nhng ni dung v bi tp
xut.
4. Khch th v i tng nghin cu
- Khch th nghin cu: Qu trnh dy v hc ha hc trng trung hc
ph thng.
- i tng nghin cu: Vic xy dng h thng bi tp ha hc phn ha v
c lp 10 (nng cao) nhm cng c kin thc v pht trin nng lc t duy sng to
cho hc sinh.
5. Phm vi nghin cu
- H thng bi tp ha hc phn ha v c lp 10 (nng cao) c tc dng
cng c kin thc v pht trin nng lc t duy sng to cho hc sinh.
- a bn nghin cu: Cc trng THPT tnh Ty Ninh.
6. Gi thuyt nghin cu
Nu gio vin thc hin tt vic xy dng h thng bi tp ng thi c cc
hng s dng bi tp ph hp s cng c c h thng kin thc v pht trin
nng lc t duy sng to cho hc sinh.
7. Phng php nghin cu
- Phng php nghin cu l thuyt.
- Phng php phn tch tng hp.
- Phng php iu tra c bn.
- Phng php thc nghim s phm.
- Phng php thng k ton hc.
8. im mi ca lun vn
- xut 6 nguyn tc xy dng h thng bi tp phn ha v c lp 10
(chong nhm Halogen v nhm Oxi).
- Xy dng quy trnh thit k h thng bi tp ca ti bao gm 7 buc.
- Xy dng c h thng bi tp phn ha v c lp 10 (chng nhm
Halogen v nhm Oxi) chng trnh nng cao.
- xut cc hng s dng bi tp xy dng nhm cng c kin thc v
pht trin t duy sng to cho hc sinh.
Chng 1
C S L LUN V THC TIN CA TI
gio vin khng ch cng c s b trong tit hc m cn phi cng c tip theo.
Cng c tip theo c thc hin bng cch kim tra thng k nhng kin
thc hc. Khi nghe bn tr li, hc sinh ti hin bi hc trong tr nh v sa cha
nhng nhn thc sai ca mnh. Khi lm bi kim tra vit, lm th nghim hc sinh
cng cng c c kin thc. Vic cng c tip theo cn c thc hin trong qu
trnh hc ti liu mi. Gio vin da vo nhng iu hc n tp th hiu qu
ca vic cng c s c nng ln. Nh vy tri thc c l nn tng tip thu kin
thc mi, cn ci mi l s m rng o su t ci c, nh th kin thc m hc
sinh tip nhn s lgic, cht ch hn.
1.2.4.3. Cng c n gin v cng c pht trin
Cng c n gin l cng c ch c tin hnh bng s ti hin, khng c
mt ci g m rng. Hnh thc cng c ny s dn ti s ghi nh nhng iu hc
mt cch th s.
Cng c pht trin l hnh thc cng c c tin hnh bng cch h thng
ha kin thc ng thi kt hp m rng thm vn hiu bit ca hc sinh.
1.2.5. Mt s hnh thc cng c kin thc
Cng c khng n thun l lp li nhng vn trnh by, nu lp li
nguyn si hc sinh s mau chn.
C th cng c di cc hnh thc sau:
- Nhc li nhng minh ha bng v d khc;
- Nhc li nhng pht trin thm;
- Trnh by vn di hnh thc khc: thay li ni bng s , hnh v;
- Trnh by vn di gc khc: cch nhn khc mi s thy nhng nt mi.
- Trnh by lt ngc vn ;
- Cng c bng cch t cu hi;
- Cng c bng cch ra mt bi tp, mt nhim v;
- Cng c bng cch so snh vi nhng kin thc hc;
- Cng c bng cch h thng ha kin thc;
- Cng c bng hot ng ca ngi hc; cho hc sinh pht biu nhng suy
ngh, nhn thc ca bn thn.
Nhn chung vn cng c bi khng ch dng li trong mt tit hc. Vic
cng c thng c lp li nhng bi hc tip theo vi ni dung kin thc tng
t hoc b tr cho nhau.
1.2.6. Mt s vn cn lu trong hot ng cng c kin thc cho hc
sinh trong iu kin hin nay
Lng thng tin m cc em thu nhn c hin nay ang tng ln so vi
trc. Ngoi nhng iu hc trng cc em cn c nhiu ngun thng tin
khc: tivi, phim nh, sch, bo rt phong ph, a dng v hp dn. Cn phi tn
dng mt tch cc ca hin tng ny. Hc sinh ngy nay thng minh hn, bit
nhiu hn ngy xa ch yu l do c giao tip vi nhiu ngun thng tin mi.
Nhng iu ny cng d lm phn tn s ch ca cc em. Bit nhiu nhng rt
chng qun, khng chu suy ngh nn hi ht, khng su sc v khng c kh nng
ng dng. V vy, gio vin cn hng dn hc sinh bit la chn thng tin, tip thu
cc ngun tin mt cch c mc ch, theo tng ch im, mt cch c k hoch
nhm m rng nhng ni dung quy nh trong chng trnh nh trng. Nh th,
tr nh c cng c v pht trin, cht lng hc tp c nng ln.
i vi hc sinh km, th vic cng c kin thc cng quan trng hn. V
vy i vi nhng em ny cn:
- Cng c c trng tm, trng im r rng;
- Thng xuyn n tp, h thng ha kin thc;
- Tc va phi cc em c th tip thu, nm bt li kin thc;
- ng vin cc em, lm cho cc em tin tng vo nng lc bng cch ra
nhng bi tp va sc, to cho cc em mt c hi thnh cng trong hc tp.
Hnh 1.1
vi t duy con ngi ty thuc vo tng lnh vc nht nh. T duy tch cc, t duy
c lp, t duy sng to l nhng cp ca t duy nm trong mi quan h bin
chng; mc t duy trc lm tin cho t duy sau v cc mi quan h th
hin qua hnh nh nhng ng trn ng tm, trong cp cao nht l t duy sng
to. T duy bin chng l tng hp nhng phm cht t duy trnh cao, bao
hm trong t duy tch cc, t duy c lp v t duy sng to [25, tr.36].
Tnh tch cc ca t duy l trng thi hot ng ca ngi hc c trng bi
kht vng hc tp, huy ng tr tu v ngh lc cao trong qu trnh nm vng kin
thc. Chng hn mt hc sinh chm ch nghe gio vin ging cch chng minh tnh
oxi ha v tnh kh ca kh sunfur (SO2), c gng tm nhng phn ng
chng minh c nhng tnh cht , nh vy y c th ni n t duy tch cc.
Tnh c lp ca t duy l nng lc, nhu cu hc tp v tnh t chc hc tp,
cho php hc sinh t hc, m khng c s can thip trc tip t bn ngoi. Nu gio
vin ng l gii thch, li yu cu hc sinh t phn tch tnh cht ca ca SO2 theo
s oxi ha ca lu hunh, th trong trng hp ny c th ni n t duy c lp (v
tt nhin, cng l t duy tch cc).
Tnh sng to ca t duy l nng lc t khm ph ci mi, t tm ra cch
chng minh m ngi hc cha bit. Ci mi y ch yu l ci mi i vi bn
thn ngi hc. T duy sng to c trng bi nhng yu t nh: tnh mm do (d
dng chuyn t hot ng tr tu ny sang hot ng tr tu khc, suy ngh khng
rp khun); tnh nhun nhuyn (kh nng tm c nhiu gii php trn nhiu gc
v tnh hung khc nhau, kh nng xem xt i tng di nhng kha cnh
khc nhau), tnh nhy cm vn (kh nng nhanh chng pht hin vn , kh
nng pht hin ra mu thun, sai lm, thiu logic, cha ti u t c nhu cu cu
trc li, to ra ci mi) [45, tr.11].
Tm li, t duy sng to l s pht sinh nhng tng mi v tng b dy
nhn thc, t duy sng to l mt dng tr thng minh c th c rn luyn v pht
trin ging nh bt k mt dng t duy no khc. N khng ch n thun l vn
lm xic vi mi th, vi ngu nhin hay tnh c, m mc cao nht th n chnh l
- Nng lc: Ngoi yu t tinh thn, hc sinh phi c nng lc, th hin kh
nng hc tp, s pht trin tr tu v k nng t hc V vy bi dng nng lc
cho hc sinh, c bit l k nng t hc l iu m gio vin cn lu kh mun
pht trin nng lc t duy sng to cho hc sinh.
- Mi trng hc tp: hc sinh cn phi c iu kin hc tp tt nh: sch
v, ti liu, phng tin hc tp, mi trng tm l - o c lnh mnh, an ton
b. Kt hp cht ch gia hot ng cng c kin thc v pht trin t
duy sng to
Trong dy hc gia cng c kin thc v t duy sng to c mi lin h cht
ch. Khng th no sng to c nu khng c cng c li tt. V vy, gio vin
va phi hon thin cc bin php cng c va phi tch cc s dng phng php
sng to, ngha l ngi thy phi chuyn t dy tr nh l chnh n kt hp dy tr
nh vi t duy v tng tng, trong t duy, tng tng phi chim t l quan
trng trong hot ng tr tu ca hc sinh khi hc tp.
c.T chc qu trnh hc tp t duy sng to ca hc sinh
- To ra tnh hung c vn to ng c, nhu cu, hng th nhm huy
ng cao sc lc, tr tu ca hc sinh vo hot ng sng to.
- Gio vin phn chia nhim v nhn thc thnh h thng nhng nhim v
nh lin tip thuc vng pht trin gn ca hc sinh.
- Hc sinh t lc hot ng, p dng nhng phng php nhn thc bit
thch nghi vi mi trng, vt qua kh khn gii quyt c vn nu ra.
Trong qu trnh gii quyt nhim v c th trao i vi cc bn cng nhm, cng
tho lun chung c lp di s hng dn ca gio vin gip nhau kinh nghim
v nhng gi .
- Thit k bi hc linh hot, d kin nhiu phng n gii quyt vn ph
bin hay kh khn phc tp.
d. Hnh thnh k nng t hc cho hc sinh
T hc l mt b phn ca hc; n c to thnh bi nhng thao tc, c
ch, ngn ng, hnh ng ca ngi hc trong h thng tng tc ca hot ng dy
- Bi tp l thuyt
- Bi tp thc nghim
- Bi tp tng hp
3. Da vo tnh cht hot ng hc tp ca hc sinh
- Bi tp l thuyt (khng c tin hnh th nghim)
- Bi tp thc nghim (c tin hnh th nghim)
4. Da vo chc nng ca bi tp
- Bi tp ti hin kin thc (hiu, bit, vn dng)
- Bi tp rn luyn t duy c lp, sng to (phn tch, tng hp, nh gi).
5. Da vo kiu hay dng bi tp
- Bi tp xc nh CTPT ca hp cht
- Bi tp xc nh thnh phn % ca hn hp
- Bi tp nhn bit cc cht
- Bi tp tch cc cht ra khi hn hp
- Bi tp iu ch cc cht
- Bi tp bng hnh v
6. Da vo khi lng kin thc
- Bi tp n gin (c bn)
- Bi tp phc tp (tng hp)
7. Da vo cch thc kim tra
- Bi tp trc nghim
- Bi tp t lun
8. Da vo phng php gii bi tp
- Bi tp tnh theo cng thc v phng trnh
- Bi tp bin lun
- Bi tp dng cc gi tr trung bnh
- Bi tp dng th
9. Da vo mc ch s dng
- Bi tp dng kim tra u gi
1.5.2. Kt qu iu tra
Bng 1.1: Kt qu iu tra thc trng vic s dng bi tp cng c kin thc v
pht trin t duy sng to cho HS trng ph thng.
Ni dung
1. Thng qua cc bi tp ha hc
c th cng c kin thc v pht
trin t duy sng to cho HS
2. Mc cng c kin thc v
pht trin t duy sng to cho HS
bng bi tp thng qua cc gi
dy ha hc
kin ca GV
Tt
Bnh thng
Khng th
60 (92,3%)
5 (7,7%)
0 (0%)
Thng xuyn
i khi
48 (73,8%)
17 (26,2%)
Khng bao
gi
0 (0%)
Bng 1.2: Kt qu trng cu kin ca cc 65 GV tnh Ty Ninh v cc hng s dng bi tp nhm cng c kin thc v pht trin t duy sng
to cho hc sinh
NI DUNG TM HIU
KIN CA GV
Rt cn
S CN THIT
Cn
Bnh thng
53
81,5%
40
61,5%
12
18,5%
31
47,7%
23
35,4%
25
38,5%
32
49,2%
12
18,5%
23
35,4%
27
41,5%
31
47,7%
32
49,2%
33
50,8%
29
44,6%
0
0%
2
3,1%
19
29,2%
3
4,6%
6
9,2%
7
10,8%
4
6,2%
Khng
cn
0
0%
0
0%
7
10,8%
0
0%
4
6,2%
0
0%
0
0%
18
27,7%
11
16,9%
4
6,2%
33
50,8%
31
47,7%
20
30,8%
11
16,9%
18
27,7%
10
15,4%
3
4,6%
5
7,7%
31
47,7%
TNH KH THI
Kh thi
Bnh thng
Rt kh thi
32
49,2%
26
40%
10
15,4%
16
24,6%
14
21,5%
16
24,6%
21
32,3%
30
46,2%
33
50,8%
29
44,6%
40
61,5%
38
58,5%
34
52,3%
34
52,3%
3
4,6%
6
9,2%
20
30,8%
8
12,3%
10
15,4%
15
23,1%
8
12,3%
Khng kh
thi
0
0%
0
0%
6
9,2%
0
0%
3
4,6%
0
0%
2
3,1%
15
23,1%
18
27,7%
4
6,2%
31
47,7%
30
46,2%
10
15,4%
12
18,5%
22
33,8%
31
47,7%
7
10,8%
5
7,7%
31
47,7%
Chng ti thit ngh rng, vic cng c kin thc l to nn mng vng chc
gip HS c kin thc chc chn pht trin t duy sng to. Do ngoi nhim v
dng bi tp gip HS nm chc kin thc c bn, hu ht GV u s dng bi tp
gip HS hiu, vn dng kin mi, thng qua b sung hon thin, nng cao
kin thc cho HS. Bn cnh cn c phng php s dng BTHH mt cch tch
cc khai thc th mnh ca BTHH nhm pht trin t duy cho cc em ng thi
kch thch s sng to ca HS qua tng bi tp.
Tiu kt chng 1
Trong chng ny chng ti trnh by tng quan vn nghin cu, c s
l lun v thc tin ca ti bao gm:
1. Hot ng cng c kin thc trong dy hc ha hc. Phn ny chng ti
trnh by tm quan trng ca vic cng c kin thc, nhim v ca cng c kin
thc, cc hot ng cng c kin thc, mt s vn cn lu khi cng c kin
thc cho hc sinh trong iu kin hin nay.
2. Pht trin t duy sng to cho hc sinh. chng ti cp n khi nim t
duy, t duy sng to, quy lut hnh thnh v pht trin t duy sng to bn cht t
duy sng to, nh gi kh nng t duy sng to ca hc sinh, phng php tin
hnh dy hc pht trin t duy sng to.
3. Bi tp ha hc. Chng ti nu r khi nim bi tp ha hc, tc dng v
v tr ca bi tp ha hc trong qu trnh dy hc v phn loi bi tp ha hc
4. Chng ti kho st thc trng s dng bi tp ha hc phn ha v c lp
10 nng cao qua vic iu tra 65 GV ha hc tnh Ty Ninh. Kt qu iu tra cho
thy 92,3% GV s dng bi tp nhm cng c kin thc v pht trin t duy sng
to cho hc sinh v 73,8% GV s dng bi tp ha hc mt cch thng xuyn
cng c v pht trin t duy sng to cho hc sinh.
Nhng ni dung trn l c s chng ti nghin cu xy dng v tuyn
chn h thng bi tp ha hc, ng thi ra cc hng s dng bi tp xy
dng nhm cng c kin thc v pht trin nng lc sng to cho hc sinh.
Chng 2
XY DNG H THNG BI TP HA V C LP 10
NNG CAO NHM CNG C KIN THC V PHT
TRIN NNG LC T DUY SNG TO CHO HC SINH
2.2. Quy trnh thit k h thng bi tp nhm cng c kin thc v pht
trin t duy sng to
2.2.1. Buc 1: Xc nh mc ch ca h thng bi tp
Mc ch xy dng h thng bi tp phn ha v c lp 10 (chng trnh
nng cao) nhm cng c kin thc v pht trin t duy sng to cho hc sinh.
2.2.2. Bc 2: Xc nh ni dung h thng bi tp
Ni dung ca h thng bi tp phi bao qut c kin thc ca chng
Halogen v chng Oxi. ra mt bi tp ha hc tha mn mc tiu chng ca
gio vin phi tr li c cc cu hi sau:
a) Bi tp gii quyt vn g?
b) N nm v tr no trong bi hc?
c) Cn ra loi bi tp g? (nh tnh, nh lng hay th nghim)?
- Kiu 2: Tnh thnh phn % ca hn hp theo s mol, theo khi lng, theo
th tch
- Kiu 3: Hiu sut ca phn ng
- Kiu 4: Xc nh tn nguyn t, thit lp cng thc phn t
2.2.4. Buc 4: Thu thp thng tin son h thng bi tp
Gm cc bc c th sau:
- Thu thp cc sch bi tp, cc ti liu lin quan n h thng bi tp cn
xy dng.
- Tham kho sch, bo, tp ch c lin quan
- Tm hiu, nghin cu thc t nhng ni dung ha hc c lin quan n i
sng.
S ti liu thu thp c cng nhiu v cng a dng th vic bin son cng
nhanh chng v c cht lng, hiu qu. V vy, cn t chc su tm, t liu mt
cch khoa hc v c s u t v thi gian.
2.2.5. Buc 5: Tin hnh son tho bi tp
Gm cc bc sau:
- Son tng loi bi tp:
+ B sung thm cc dng bi tp cn thiu hoc nhng ni dung cha
c bi tp trong sch gio khoa, sch bi tp
+ Chnh sa cc bi tp trong sch gio khoa, sch bi tp khng ph
hp nh qu kh hoc qu nng n, cha chnh xc
- Xy dng cc phng php gii quyt bi tp
- Sp xp cc bi tp thnh cc loi nh xc nh theo trnh t:
+ T d n kh;
+ T l thuyt n thc hnh;
+ T ti hin n sng to
2.2.6. Tham kho, trao i kin vi ng nghip
Sau khi xy dng xong cc bi tp, chng ti tham kho kin cc ng
nghip v tnh chnh xc, tnh khoa hc, tnh ph hp vi trnh ca hc sinh.
(1)
(6)
(2)
(7)
(3)
(4)
dd NaCl
(8)
Cl2
(9)
(10)
(11)
FeCl3
CuCl2
HCl
HClO + HCl
Javel
Clorua vi
Kali clorat
S 2:
CaOCl2
(20)
(14)
(16)
(19)
(18)
(17)
KCl
HCl
Cl2
CaCl2
Ca(OH)2
(4)
(1)
(5)
(6)
Cl2 (2) Br2 (3) HBr
NaBr
NaCl
AgCl
(7)
(13)
(8)
(10)
(9)
(11)
(12)
S
KClO3
O2
Fe3O4
FeCl2
FeCl3
(15)
K2Cr2O7
Cu 2. B tc cc phn ng sau
Cl2 + ? + ?
a) HCl + ?
b) ? + ?
CuCl2 + ?
CO2 + ? + ?
c) HCl + ?
d) MgBr2 + ?
Br2 + ?
e) Fe3O4 + ?
FeCl2 + ? + ?
f) ? + ?
SiF4 + ?
O2 + ?
g) F2 + ?
b) ZnBr2 + Pb(NO3)2
c) NH4I + Hg(NO3)2
d) HCl + Ba(OH)2
e) HCl + KI
f) KCl + MgBr2
Cu 4.
a. Ti sao flo khng th xut hin mc oxi ha dng trong cc hp cht ha hc?
b. Ti sao vi clo, brom, iot th mc oxi ha chn khng phi l mc c trng?
Cu 5. Thi t t kh Cl2 qua dung dch NaBr thy dung dch c mu vng. Tip tc
thi Cl2 vo thy dung dch mt mu. Ly vi git dung dch sau th nghim nh ln
giy qu tm thy qu tm ha . Gii thch cc hin tng v vit phng trnh
phn ng minh ha.
Cu 6. Thi kh clo qua dung dch KI mt thi gian sau ngi ta dng h tinh
bt xc nhn s c mt ca I2 t do nhng khng thy c mu xanh. Ti sao?
Vit phn ng.
Cu 7. a ra nh sng ng nghim ng bc clorua c nh thm vi git dung
dch qu tm. Hin tng no xy ra? Gii thch.
Cu 8.
a. Ti sao cc halogen tan t trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong benzen?
b. Ti sao iot t tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dch kali iotua?
Cu 9. Vai tr ca HI trong hai phn ng sau y c ging nhau khng?
2FeCl3 HI 2FeCl2 I 2 2HCl (1)
Zn + 2HI ZnI 2 H 2 (2)
Cu 10. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho axit sunfuric c tc dng
vi hn hp gn canxi florua v silic ioxit. ng dng ca phn ng ny?
Cu 11. T MnO2, H2SO4 c, Fe, NaCl v nc, trnh by cch iu ch: st (II)
clorua, st (III) clorua.
Cu 12. Vit 10 phng trnh ha hc iu ch Cl2.
Cu 13. Nhn bit cc cht
B. ns2 np3.
C. ns2 np4.
D. ns2 np5.
B. clo.
C. brom.
D. iot.
B. Br2.
C. I2.
D. F2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
Cu 6. Th t tng dn m in ca cc halogen l:
A. F < Cl < Br < I.
D. 5.
B. nguyn t.
C. hp cht.
D. n cht v hp cht.
B. Cu.
C. Fe.
D. Na.
B. Br2
B. kh.
C. F2
D. I2
C. kh v oxi ha.
D. axit.
B. Cu.
C. Fe.
D. Ca.
B. BaCl2 + H2SO4.
C. H2 + Cl2.
D. Cl2 + HBr.
B. HCl + KMnO4.
D. F2 + KCl.
B. c mu vng lc.
C. c mu tm.
D. khng mu.
B. HCl.
C. HBr.
D. HI.
B. -1.
C. +1 v -1.
D. +3.
B. NaCl.
C. NaF.
D. NaI.
B. NaCl.
C. KI.
D. NaF.
Cu 31. Chn mt ha cht phn bit cc dung dch NaNO3, HCl, NaCl v
AgNO3
A. Phenolphtalein.
C. qu tm.
B. HeNe.
C. ArO2.
D. KrF2.
B. MgI2.
C. CaI2.
D. KI.
D. h tinh bt.
B. Phenolphtalein.
D. Khng xc nh.
B. KMnO4.
D. Khng xc nh c.
B. KClO3.
C. KMnO4.
D. Ca(HCO3)2.
D. Kh chua cho t.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
B. 13,422 tn.
C. 15,422 tn.
D. 17,422 tn.
Cu 54. Thc hin phn ng gia 0,03 gam H2 vi 0,71 gam Cl2. Nu hiu sut
phn ng t 40% th th tch sn phm kh sinh ra (kc) l
A. 0,448 lt.
B. 0,1344 lt.
C. 0,1792 lt.
D. 0,672 lt.
Cu 55. Cho a mol kh HCl vo 92,7 gam H2O c dung dch A. Ly 1/5 dung
dch A tc dng vi AgNO3 d c 5,74 gam kt ta. Nng % dung dch A l.
A. 7,3 % .
B. 3,65%.
C. 3,94%.
D. 7,87%.
Cu 56. Cho 19 gam mui MgX2 (X: halogen) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d
c 57,4 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca mui l:
A. MgI2.
B. MgCl2.
C. MgBr2.
D. MgF2.
Cu 57. Cho 0,03 mol hn hp 2 mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l 2 halogen thuc 2 chu
k lin tip nhau) tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 4, 75 gam kt ta. X v Y ln
lt l:
A. F v Cl.
B. Cl v Br.
C. Br v I.
D. I v At.
Cu 58. Cho 5,6 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu vo dung dch HCl (d). Th tch kh thu
c ti a (ktc) l
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 5,6 lt.
Cu 59. Dn 0,15 mol kh Cl2 qua V lt dung dch NaBr 0,1M, phn ng kt thc
thu c 8 gam Br2. Gi tr V l
A. 0,5.
B. 1,0.
C. 1,5.
D. 2,0.
Cu 60. Cho 200ml dung dch HCl 0,75M vo bnh cha 5,30 gam Na2CO3 th thy
c kh khng mu bay ln. Th tch kh thot ra (kc) l:
A. 1,12 lt.
B. 1,68 lt.
C. 3,36 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
B. 0,15 mol
C. 0,02 mol
D. 0,04 mol
Cu 62. Cn thm bao nhiu gam KCl vo 450g dung dch KCl 8% thu c
dung dch 12%?
A. 20,45g.
B. 24,05g.
C. 25,04g.
D. 45,20g.
Cu 63. Dung dch mui n NaCl c ln tp cht NaI v NaBr. C th dng cht
no sau y lm sch mui n?
A. Kh flo.
B. Kh Clo.
C. Kh oxi.
D. Kh hidroclorua.
B. 0,448 lt.
C. 0,896 lt.
D. 0, 112 lt.
Cu 65. Cho 1,62g kim loi M (ha tr khng i n) tc dng vi 0,15 mol O2. Ha
tan cht rn sau phn ng bng dung dch HCl d thu c 13,44 lt kh thot ra (
ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Ca.
B. Mg.
C. Al.
D. Fe.
B. 55,56%.
C. 66,67%.
D. 44,44%.
Cu 67. t chy a gam hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Zn, Cu thu c 34,5 gam hn
hp rn X cc oxit kim loi. ha tan ht hn hp X cn dng va dung dch
cha 0,8mol HCl. Vy gi tr ca a l
A. 28,1g.
B. 21,7g.
C. 31,3g.
D. 24,9g.
Cu 68. Trn 150ml dung dch HCl 10% (d = 1,047g/ml) vi 250ml dung dch HCl
2M th c dung dch sau phn ng c d = 1,038g/ml. Dung dch ny c nng
% v nng mol l
A. 2,5M v 12,5%.
B. 2,325M v 8,175%.
C. 2,25M v 9,215%.
D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 69. Cho 6,2g oxit kim loi ha tr I tc dng vi nc d thu c dung dch A
c tnh kim. Chia dung dch A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng vi 95ml
dung dch HCl 1M thy dung dch sau phn ng lm xanh qu tm. Phn 2 tc dng
vi 55ml dung dch HCl 2M thy dung dch sau phn ng lm qu tm. Cng
thc oxit kim loi dng l
A. Li2O.
B. Na2O.
C. K2O.
D. Rb2O.
Cu 70. T 20g dung dch HCl 37% to c dung dch HCl 13%. Khi lng
nc (gam) cn dng pha long dung dch l
A. 27.
B. 25,5.
C. 54.
D. 37.
10
.
11
B.
2
.
11
C.
4
.
11
D.
8
.
11
B. 1/3 .
C. 2/1.
D. 3/1.
B. 214,3.
C. 285,7.
D. 350.
Cu 74. Trn 200ml dd HCl 1M vi 300ml ddHCl 2M th thu c dung dch nng
mol/l l
A. 1,5M.
B. 1,2M.
C. 1,6M.
D. 0,15M.
Br v
81
35
A. 84,05.
B. 82,02.
81
35
Br l
C. 18,98.
D. 25,95.
Cu 76. Ha tan 3,164 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v BaCO3 bng dung dch HCl
d, thu c 448 ml kh CO2 (ktc). Thnh phn % s mol ca BaCO3 trong hn
hp l
A. 50%.
B. 55%.
C. 60%.
D. 65%.
Cu 77. Ha tan 2,84 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v MgCO3 bng dung dch HCl
d, thu c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc). Thnh phn % s mol ca MgCO3 trong hn hp
l
A. 33,33%.
B. 45,55%.
C. 54,45%.
D. 66,67%.
Cu 78. Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Zn bng mt lng
va dd HCl long, thu c 1,344 lt H2 ( ktc) v dd cha m gam mui. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 8,47 gam.
B. 4,87 gam.
C. 7,84 gam.
D. 7,48 gam.
Cu 79. Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hhX gm Fe, Mg, Zn bng mt lng va
dd H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt H2 ( ktc) v dd cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 8,98 gam.
B. 9,52 gam.
C. 10,27gam.
D. 7,25 gam.
B. 75,5g.
C. 85,5g.
D. 111g.
Cu 81. Ha tan ht 38,60 gam hh Fe v kim loi M trong dung dch HCl d thy
thot ra 14,56 lt H2 (ktc). Khi lng hn hp mui clorua khan thu c l
A. 48,75 g.
B. 84,75 g.
C. 74,85 g.
D. 78,45g.
B. 0,15 mol.
C. 0,02 mol.
D. 0,04 mol.
B. 5,6 lt.
C. 8,4 lt.
D. 11,2 lt.
Cu 84. Ha tan 10,14 g hp kim Cu, Mg, Ag bng mt lng va dung dch
HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh A (ktc) v 1,54g cht rn B v dung dch C. C cn dung
dch C thu c m gam mui. Gi tr m l
A. 33,45.
B. 33,25.
C. 32, 99.
D. 35,58.
B. 31,7.
C. 1,37.
D. 7,13.
Cu 86. Ha tan hon ton 20g hn hp Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit HCl d thy
c 11,2 lt kh (ktc) thot ra v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th khi lng
mui khan thu c l
A. 35,5g.
B. 45,5g.
C. 55,5g.
D. 65,5g.
Cu 87. Thm 3,0 gam MnO2 vo 197,0 gam hh mui KCl v KClO3. Trn k v
un nng hh n phn ng hon ton, thu c cht rn cn nng 152g. Thnh phn
% khi lng ca KClO3 trong hn hp l
A. 62,18%.
B. 61,28%.
C. 68,21%.
D. 68,12%.
Cu 88. Ha tan 5,94g hn hp 2 mui clorua ca hai kim loi A v B thuc nhm
IIA vo nc, c 100ml ddX. lm kt ta ht ion Cl- c trong ddX, ngi ta
cho ddX tc dng vi ddAgNO3 v thu c 17,22 g kt ta, lc b kt ta thu c
ddY c th tch 200ml. C cn ddY c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,92g.
B. 9,12g.
C. 1,29 g.
D. 9,21g.
B. 3,17g.
C. 31,7g.
D. 7,31g.
B. 0,08 mol.
C. 0,04 mol.
D. 0,4 mol.
Cu 91. Cho 5,0g Brom c ln clo vo dung dch cha 1,6g KBr. Sau phn ng lm
bay hi dung dch th thu c 1,155g cht rn khan. Phn trm khi lng clo c
trong 5,0g brom trn l
A. 13,1%.
B. 11,1%.
C. 9,1%.
D. 7,1%.
Cu 92. Cho dung dch AgNO3 d tc dng vi dung dch hn hp c ha tan 12,5g
hai mui KCl v KBr thu c 20,78g hn hp AgCl v AgBr. Hy xc nh s mol
hn hp u?
A. 0,13 mol.
B. 0,15 mol.
C. 0,12 mol.
D. 0,14 mol.
Cu 93. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch cha n mol NaBr ti phn ng hon ton thy
khi lng mui gim 8,9g. S mol Cl2 phn ng l
A. 0,1mol.
B. 0,2mol.
C. 0,1n mol.
D. 0,2n mol.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Sn.
Cu 95. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp hai kim loi (gm mt kim loi ha tr
II v mt kim loi ha tr III) bng dung dch HCl d thu c 11,07 lt kh 1atm
v 270C, thy khi lng mui ln hn x gam so vi khi lng kim loi. Gi tr x l
A. 3,195.
B. 31,95.
C. 15,975.
D. 15,525.
Cu 96. Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 50 gam trong dung dch HCl, sau khi
thu c 336ml kh H2 (ktc) th khi lng kim loi gim 1,68%. Kim loi
dng l
A. Al.
B. Mg.
C. Fe.
D. Zn.
Cu 97. Cho 9,59 gam kim loi Ba tc dng vi halogen X c d, thu c 14,56
gam mui halogenua. Nguyn t khi v tn halogen l
A. 19; flo.
B. 35,5; clo.
C. 80; brom.
D. 127; iot.
Cu 98. Cho 9,1 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi nhm IA hai
chu k lin tip nhau tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl va , thu c 2,24 lt
CO2 (ktc). Hai kim loi l
A. Li ; Na.
B. Na, K.
C. K, Cs.
D. Na; Cs.
Cu 99. Cho 1,08 gam hn hp 2 kim loi hai chu k lin tip nhau thuc nhm
IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thot ra 0,672 lt H2 (ktc). Hai kim loi l
A. Be v Mg.
B. Mg v Ca.
C. Sr v Ba.
D. Ca v Sr.
Cu 100. Ha tan hon ton 4,68 gam hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v
B k tip nhau trong nhm IIA vo dung dch HCl d thu c 1,12 lt CO2 (ktc).
Kim loi A v B l
A. Be v Mg.
B. Mg v Ca.
C. Ca v Sr.
D. Sr v Ba.
B. Clo; brom.
C. Brom; iot.
D. Khng xc nh c.
B. Na.
C. K.
D. Rb.
FeS A B(khi) C
B CuSO 4 D den E
B F G vng H
C J khi L
L KI C M N
B. ns2np3.
C. ns2np4.
D. ns2np5.
B. 0, -2, +6.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 6.
C. S ch c tnh oxi.
kh.
Cu 11. SO2 th hin tnh kh khi phn ng vi
A. CaO, Mg
B. Br2, O2
C. H2S, KMnO4
D. H2O, NaOH
B. Fe2(SO4)3
C. SO3
D. Na2SO3
Cu 14. Cho 0,2 mol kh SO2 tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,3 mol NaOH thu c
A. 0,2 mol Na2SO3.
B. BaSO4.
C. Ba(HSO4)2.
D. Ba(HSO3)2.
B. CO2, SO3.
C. H2S, SO2.
D. CH4, C6H6.
B. Ba(OH)2
C. Br2.
D. NaOH.
Cu 18. Khng phn bit c bng dung dch SO2 (hoc KMnO4) cp cht kh
A. C2H4 v SO2. B. C2H2 v CO2.
C. CH4 v SO2.
D. H2S v CO2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 21. Cho cc cht sau: (1) H2S ; (2) Cl2 ; (3) SO2 ; (4) O2
Khng xy ra phn ng trc tip gia
A. (2) v (3).
B. (1) v (2).
C. (1) v (3).
D. (2) v (4).
C. H2SO4 c hp th SO2.
D. Kh H2S.
Cu25. C 5 mu kim loi Ba, Mg, Fe, Al, Ag. Ch dng duy nht mt thuc th l
dung dch H2SO4 long c th nhn bit c nhng kim loi no?
A. Ba, Ag.
Cu 26. Trong nhm oxi (nhm VIA), theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn th s
bin i tnh cht no sau y l ng?
A. Tnh oxi ho tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn.
B. Tnh kim loi tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn.
C. i lc electron tng dn.
D. Nng lng ion ho th nht (I1) tng dn.
Cu 27. Tnh cht no sau y khng ng i vi nhm oxi (nhm VIA) khi xt
t nguyn t oxi n nguyn t telu
A. m in ca nguyn t gim dn.
B. bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
C. tnh bn ca hp cht hidro tng dn.
D. tnh axit ca hp cht hidroxit gim dn.
Cu 28. trng thi kch thch nguyn t ca nguyn t to c t electron c
thn nht l
A. O.
B. S.
C. Se.
D. Te.
Cu 29. Trong phng th nghim, thu kh O2, ngi ta thng dng phng php
y nc. Tnh cht no sau y l c s p dng cch ny i vi vic thu kh
oxi?
A. Oxi c nhit si thp (-183oC).
B. Oxi t tan trong nc iu kin thng.
C. Oxi l kh nng hn khng kh.
D. Oxi l cht kh nhit thng.
Cu 30. C th iu ch O2 t ha cht no sau y?
A. Dung dch NaOH long.
C. KMnO4 rn.
D. C A, B, C.
B. Fe3O4.
C. CO2.
D. SO2.
Cu 35. Cho hn hp Mg v Al vo dung dch cha HCl 0,25 mol v H2SO4 0,125
mol. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c mt kh H2 c th tch 4,48 lt
(ktc). Kt lun no sau y ng?
A. Kim loi tc dng ht v cn d H2SO4.
B. D c hai kim loi v axit tc dng ht.
C. Kim loi tc dng ht v d axit.
D. Cn d Al v axit tc dng ht.
Cu 36. Ha tan 1 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr 2 bng mt lng va
dung dch H2SO4 9,8% thu c dung dch mui sunfat 14,18%. Kim loi A l
A. Ca
B. Zn
C. Fe
D. Mg
Cu 37. Cho Fe3O4 vo dung dch cha hn hp HCl v H2SO4 long d, s cht c
trong dung dch thu c sau khi phn ng kt thc l
A. 2.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D.7.
Cu 38. t chy hon ton 26,8g hn hp 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu thu c 41,4g
hn hp 3 oxit. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 1M cn dng ha tan va hn hp
oxit trn l
A. 0,9125 lt.
B. 1,825 lt.
C. 3,650 lt.
D. 2,7375 lt.
B. 0,15mol
C. 0,16mol
D. 0,17mol
B. Cd = 112.
C. Mn = 55.
D. Zn = 65.
Cu 41. Cho 0,2 mol Cu tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng, th tch kh thu
c (ktc) l
A. 1,12 lt.
B. 2,24 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
B. 0,12 mol.
C. 0,15 mol.
D. 0,06 mol.
Cu 43. Cho 3,2 gam bt S tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c V lt
kh (ktc), gi tr V l
A. 4,48 lt.
B. 6,72 lt.
C. 2,24 lt.
D. 3,36 lt.
Cu 44. Trong cc cht sau, chn cht cha hm lng S cao nht
A. CuS.
B. FeS.
C. FeS2.
D. CuFeS2
Cu 45. Oxi ha 4,48 lt SO2 (ktc) thu c 4,8 gam SO3. Hiu sut ca phn ng
l
A. 20%.
B. 30%.
C. 40%.
D. 50%.
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 40%.
Cu 47. Nung hn hp gm 0,2 mol O2 v 0,4 mol SO2 (trong bnh kn c xc tc).
Hiu sut phn ng l 60%. T s p sut ca bnh trc v sau phn ng (cng to,
p) l
A. 1,25.
B. 0,80.
C. 1,50.
D. 1,75.
Cu 48. Cho hn hp X gm 0,08 mol mi kim loi Mg, Al, Zn vo dung dch
H2SO4 c nng, d thu c 0,07 mol mt sn phm kh duy nht cha S. Xc
nh sn phm kh.
A. SO2.
B. S.
C. H2S.
D. khng xc nh c.
B. 25%.
C. 35%.
D. 45%.
B. 40%.
C. 60%.
D. 30%.
B. 10,0 g.
C. 1,16 g.
D. 1,00 g.
Cu 52. Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc) vo bnh ng 300ml dung dch
NaOH 0,5M. C cn dung dch p sut thp th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr
m l
A. 1,15g.
B. 11,5g.
C. 15,1g.
D. 1,51g.
Cu 54. Th tch H2O v dung dch MgSO4 2M cn pha c 100ml dung dch
MgSO4 0,4M ln lt l
A. 50ml v 50ml.
B. 40ml v 60ml.
C. 80ml v 20ml.
D. 20ml v 80ml.
B. 15,291 lt.
C. 17,291 lt.
D.16,192lt.
Cu 56. Ha tan 200 gam SO3 vo m gam dung dch H2SO4 49% ta c dung dch
H2SO4 78,4%. Gi tr ca m l
A. 133,3.
B. 146,9.
C. 272,2.
D. 300.
Cu 57. Cn ha tan bao nhiu lt SO3 (136oC v 1atm) vo 600g dung dch
H2SO4 24,5% c dung dch H2SO4 49%?
A. 48 lt.
B. 84 lt.
C. 76 lt.
D. 67 lt.
Cu 58. Cn bao nhiu gam CuSO4.5H2O vo 450 gam dung dch CuSO4 4%
c dung dch CuSO4 10%?
A. 50g.
B. 45g.
C. 25g.
D. 30g.
Cu 59. Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O v bao nhiu gam dung dch
CuSO4 8% iu ch 280 gam dung dch CuSO4 16%.
A. 40g v 240g.
B. 30g v 130g.
C. 40g v 120g.
D. 35g v 250g.
Cu 60. Cn ly bao nhiu gam oleum 71% cho vo 800 gam dung dch H2SO4
20% th c H2SO4 90%?
A. 2451g.
C. 2153,8g.
B. 2548,5g.
D. 2453,9g.
Cu 61. Cn trn dung dch H2SO4 2M vi dung dch H2SO4 5M theo t l th tch
no c dung dch H2SO4 4M?
A.
1
.
2
B.
2
.
3
C.
1
.
3
D.
2
.
5
B. 17,8g.
C. 18,8g.
D. 19,8g.
Cu 63. Cho 6,4 gam hn hp 2 kim loi 2 chu k lin tip v thuc nhm IIA ca
bng HTTH, tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d, thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc).
Hai kim loi l
A. Mg, Ca.
B. Ca, Sr.
C. Sr, Ba.
D. Be, Mg.
Cu 64. Cho 10,8 g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong
nhm IIA tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d. Cht kh thu c cho hp th
hon ton vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, th thu c 23,64 g kt ta. Thnh phn %
khi lng ca chng trong hn hp l
A. 58,33% ; 41,67%.
B. 55,33% ; 44,67%.
C. 60,30% ; 39,70%.
D. 59,5% ; 40,5%.
B. 0,784 lt
C. 1,15 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
Cu 66. l nhm c khi lng 2,7 gam trong khng kh mt thi gian, thy
khi lng tng thm 1,44 gam. Phn trm khi lng l nhm b oxi ha bi
oxi ca khng kh l
A. 60%.
B. 40%.
C. 50%.
D. 80%.
Cu 67. Sau khi chuyn mt th tch kh oxi thnh ozon th thy th tch gim i 5
ml (bit cc th tch o cng iu kin). Th tch oxi tham gia phn ng l bao
nhiu?
A. 14ml.
B. 16ml.
C. 17ml.
D. 15 ml.
Cu 68. Ha tan ht 1,04 g hn hp gm nhiu kim loi (ng trc H) bng dung
dch H2SO4 long, thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc) v m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr
m l
A. 3,26g.
B. 3,92g.
C. 4,0 g
D. cha th xc nh c
Cu 69. Cho 2,81 gam hn hp cc oxit Fe3O4, Fe2O3, MgO, CuO tc dng va
vi 300ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M (long) th khi lng mui sunfat khan thu c
l bao nhiu?
A. 4,5g.
B. 3,45g.
C. 5,21g.
D. 5,69g.
Cu 70. Cho 2,88 gam kim loi M tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu
c 14,4 gam mui. M l
A. Fe.
B. Al.
C. Zn.
D. Mg.
B. 16,454 lt.
C. 22,4 lt.
D. 4,48 lt.
Cu 71. a gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn
hp A c khi lng 75,2g gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Cho hn hp A phn ng
ht vi dung dch H2SO4 m c, nng thu c 6,72 lt kh SO2. Gi tr a l
A. 56g.
B. 11,2g.
C. 22,4g.
D. 25,3g.
Cu 72. Ha tan 9,6 gam Mg vo dung dch axit H2SO4 m c, thy c 49g
H2SO4 tham gia phn ng, to mui MgSO4, H2O v sn phm kh X. Vy X l
A. SO2.
B. S.
C. H2S.
D. SO2, H2S.
Cu 73. Cho 10 gam hn hp Mg, Zn, Al tc dng va dung dch H2SO4 long.
Sau phn ng thu c 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). Khi lng mui sunfat khan thu c l
A. 11,62g.
B. 38,8g.
C. 13,29g.
D. khng xc nh.
B. 46,27g.
C. 52g.
D. 25g.
Cu 75. Ha tan hon ton 5g hn hp Mg, Al, Zn trong H2SO4 thu c 24,2g
mui sunfat. Cho ton b mui thu c tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 thu c m
gam kt ta. Gi tr m l
A. 46,6g.
B. 58,7g.
C. 58,25g.
D. 23,3g.
Cu 76. Cho 2,88 gam kim loi M tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu
c 14,4g mui. M l
A. Fe.
B. Al.
C. Zn.
D. Mg.
B. s kh H2O2.
C. s oxi ha KMnO4.
D. s oxi ha H2SO4.
Phn tch
O O 2e : H2O2 l cht kh
Br 2 2Na I 2Na Br I 2
1
(1)
(6)
(2)
(7)
(8)
Cl2
(3)
(9)
(10)
(4)
(11)
FeCl3
CuCl2
HCl
HClO + HCl
Javel
Clorua vi
Kali clorat
Phn tch
o
t
(1) Mn O 2 4H Cl
Cl2 Mn Cl2 2H 2 O
o
t
(2) 2KMnO 4 16HCl
2MnCl2 2KCl 5Cl 2 8H 2O
dpnc
2Na Cl2
(3) 2NaCl
dpdd
2NaOH Cl2 Cl2
(4) NaCl H 2 O
mang ngan
o
t
(5) 2Fe 3Cl2
2FeCl3
o
t
(6) Cu Cl2
CuCl2
as
2HCl
(7) H 2 Cl2
(8) Cl2 H 2 O
HClO HCl
NaClO NaCl H 2 O
(9) Cl2 NaOH
CaOCl2 H 2 O
(10) Cl2 Ca(OH)2
100 C
(11) 3Cl2 6KOH
KClO3 5KCl 3H 2O
e) Fe3O4 + ?
FeCl2 + ? + ?
f) ? + ?
SiF4 + ?
O2 + ?
g) F2 + ?
Phn tch
Cl2 + MnCl2 + H2O
a) HCl + MnO2
CuCl2 + H2O
b) CuO + 2HCl
c) HCl + CaCO3
CO2 + CaCl2 + H2O
Br2 + MgCl2
d) MgBr2 + Cl2
FeCl2 + FeCl3 + H2O
e) Fe3O4 + HCl
SiF4 + 2H2O
f) 4HF + SiO2
g) 2F2 + 2H2O
O2 + 4HF
i vi v d 2, HS s c thun li khng cn phi nh chi tit cc phn ng,
v cc em c th t do la chn nhng cht cho ph hp vi yu cu ca bi, y
l dng bi m. Chng hn, cu a l mt phn ng iu ch clo, HS c th t chn
cho mnh mt cht MnO2, KClO3 hay KMnO4 tuy nhin c s l thuc s cht sinh
ra sau phn ng do ch c th chn MnO2 hoc KClO3.
4HCl + MnO2
2Cl2 + MnCl2 + 2H2O
3Cl2 + KCl + 3H2O
6HCl + KClO3
FeS A B(khi) C
B CuSO 4 D den E
B F G vng H
C J khi L
L KI C M N
Phn tch
V d 3 cng tng t nh v d 2 bn cnh la chn cht phn ng cho ph hp
vi cht sinh ra, HS cn phi ch n trng thi tn ti ca cc cht xc nh
cho ng th t cht sinh ra.
FeS HCl
H 2S(khi) FeCl2
H 2S CuSO 4
CuS H 2SO 4
H 2S Cd(NO3 ) 2
CdS 2HNO3
2FeCl2 Cl2
2FeCl3
2FeCl3 2KI
2FeCl2 I 2 2KCl
B. MgCl2.
C. MgBr2.
D. MgF2.
Phn tch
2AgX + Mg(NO3)2
MgX2 + 2AgNO3
(24 + 2X)g MgX2 tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c 2(108 +X) kt ta AgX
khi lng tng 192g
19g MgX2 tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c 57,4g kt ta AgX khi lng
tng 38,4g
Ta c
24 2X 192
X 35,5
19
38, 4
Vy X l Clo
B. 16ml.
D. 15 ml.
C. 17ml.
Phn tch
tia la in
3O2
3ml
?
2O3
t
Cl2 + 2KI
2KCl +I 2 (mu en tm)
V d 2: Nhn bit cc kh sau bng phng php ha hc: Cl2, O2, HCl v SO2
Phn tch
Cho qu tm m vo 4 mu kh
Kh lm qu tm m bc mu l Cl2;
HCl
HCl
Hnh 2
Hnh 1
HCl
HCl
Dd NaCl
bo ha
H2O
Hnh 3
A. Hnh 1
B. Hnh 2
Hnh 4
C. Hnh 3
D. Hnh 4
Phn tch
Bi ny gip HS nh li k nng thc hnh iu ch kh HCl trong phng th
nghim. thu c kh HCl th ta lm nh th no? HS quan st 4 hnh v, sau
phn tch rng kh HCl l mt cht kh nng hn khng kh, d tan trong nc. Do
hnh v s 2, 3, 4 l khng th c. Vy kt qu l hnh 1.
V d 4: Lu hunh c trong gang dng FeS. C th nhn ra lu hunh bng
cch no?
Phn tch
- Ha tan mu gang bng dung dch axit HCl trong mt ng nghim.
Fe 2HCl FeCl2 H 2
FeS 2HCl FeCl2 H 2S
- H giy tm dung dch Pb(NO3)2 pha trn ming ng nghim. Kh H2S bay ln s
phn ng vi Pb(NO3)2.
H 2S Pb(NO3 ) 2 PbS 2HNO3
B. 0,784 lt.
C. 1,15 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
Phn tch
2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Bi tp ny HS thng mc sai lm khi cho rng KMnO4 phn ng ht v
tnh s mol KMnO4, sau th vo phng trnh phn ng v tnh s mol O2 suy ra
th tch oxi l 0,784 lt.
gii c bi tp ny, HS phi vit c phng trnh phn ng v HS
phi nhn ra c 10,11 gam b rn bao gm KMnO4 d, K2MnO4 v MnO2 sinh
ra. S chnh lch khi lng trc v sau phn ng l do kh O2 thot ra.
m O2 11, 07 10,11 0,96g
n O2
0,96
0, 03 (mol) VO2 0, 03.22, 4 0, 672 (lt)
32
x + y = n H2
1
0,5
2
56x 24y 20 x 0, 25
Ta c h:
x
0,5
y 0, 25
Vy khi lng mui khan: mmui = (56+71).0,25 + (24 + 71).0,25 = 55,5g
Vi kh nng suy lun c logic, HS nhn ra cch gii ngn gn, c o v
c th nhn thy ngay kt qu bi ton
20 gam (Fe + Mg) + HCl d = Mui + 1 gam H2
Ngoi ra, y bi ton cho d kin kh c bit: 1 gam kh H2 bay ra t 1
mol HCl, ngha l c 1mol HCl tham gia, hoc HS suy lun da vo phn ng s
mol HCl lun lun gp i s mol kh H2 sinh ra.
20 + 36,5. 1 = mmui + 1 => mmui = 55,5g
V d 2: Nung hn hp X gm Zn v S trong bnh kn khng c khng kh thu c
cht rn A. Ha tan A vo dung dch HCl d thu c 8,96 lt kh B (ktc) v 1,6g
cht rn khng tan. Bit t khi hi ca B so vi hidro l 7. Tnh hiu sut ca phn
ng to cht rn A?
A. 30%.
B. 45%.
C. 50%.
D. 75%.
t
Zn + S
ZnS (1)
0,25
0,15
8,96
=0,4 (mol)
22, 4
x mol H 2 2
x + y = 0,4 (1)
20
14
y mol H 2S 34
12
x 20 5
(2)
y 12 3
x 0, 25
y 0,15
T (1) v (2)
t
Zn + S
ZnS (1)
0,15 0,15
0,15
1, 6
= 0,2 mol
32
0,15
.100 75%
0, 2
t
CaF2 H 2SO 4
2HF CaSO 4 (1)
o
t
NaCl H 2SO 4
HCl NaHSO 4 (2)
t
NaBr H 2SO 4
HBr NaHSO 4 (3)
o
t
NaI H 2SO 4
HI NaHSO 4 (4)
Sau :
o
t
2HBr H 2SO 4
Br2 SO 2 2H 2 O (5)
o
t
8HI H 2SO 4
4I 2 H 2S 4H 2 O (6)
b) Phn ng (1), (2) l phn ng trao i v HF, HCl l nhng kh d tan trong nc
do phi dng mui khan v axit H2SO4 c trnh s ha tan ca cc kh.
Nhn xt: Vi cch suy lun bnh thng, a s HS da vo phn ng iu ch HCl
t NaCl v H2SO4 c s cho l c th iu ch c HBr v HI t NaBr, NaI vi
H2SO4 c. Cch suy lun ny l sai, gii bi tp trn HS phi nh quy lut bin
i tnh kh ca cc HX, t HF, HCl, HBr, HI tnh kh tng dn, t HS suy lun
c rng HBr v HI c tnh kh mnh, cn H2SO4 c c tnh oxi ha mnh, do
6
t
MnO 2 4HCl
MnCl2 Cl2 2H 2 O
n H2
n
H2
2
(1)
(2)
1, 008
0, 045 (mol)
22, 4
0,045
MCln
m
D thy khi lng mui thu c ln hn khi lng ca kim loi v c gc Clthm vo.
Ta lun c: khi lng kim loi m (g) + khi lng gc Cl- = khi lng mui
Vy m = 4,575 - 0,09.35,5 = 1,38 (g).
V d 2: Kh 3,48 gam mt oxit kim loi M cn dng 1,344 lt H2 (ktc). Ton b
lng kim loi M thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d cho 1,008 lt H2
(ktc). Tm kim loi M v oxit ca M.
Phn tch
Pht hin vn : Ha tr ca mt nguyn t cha bit th c th th hin cc ha
tr khc nhau tng hp cht c th.
t cng thc ca oxit M l MxOy cc phn ng xy ra
o
t
M x O y + yH 2
xM + yH 2 O
M + nHCl MCln +
n H2O n O n H2 (1)
n
H2
2
(1)
(2)
1,344
0, 06 (mol)
22, 4
Gii quyt vn :
Xc nh kim loi M
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c: moxit = mM + moxi
Khi lng kim loi M l: mM = 3,48 - 0,06.16 = 2,52 (g)
S mol H2 sinh ra phn ng (2) l: n H
2
1, 008
0, 045 (mol)
22, 4
M + nHCl MCln +
0, 045
.2
n
n
H2
2
0, 045
(2)
Ta c:
0, 045
.2 .M=2,52
n
M=28n
28
56
84
Kt lun
Loi
Fe
Loi
Vy kim loi M l Fe
Tm cng thc oxit FexOy
2,52
0, 045; n O 0, 06 (mol)
56
x : y = 0,045 : 0,06 = 3 : 4
n Fe
C. 20 gam.
B. 26 gam.
D. 22 gam.
Phn tch
Pht hin vn :
Khi nung nng 16,8 gam bt Fe ngoi khng kh, ta thu c m gam hn hp X
oxit st v st d. Vy trong hn hp X ch c 2 nguyn t Fe v O. Ha tan hn
hp X vo H2SO4 c nng sinh ra SO2.
3
16,8
0,3 (mol)
56
m 16,8
16
Fe Fe + 3e
0,3
0,9
O
+
m 16,8
16
6
2O
4e
m 16,8
4
+ 2e
0,5
S
0,25
m 16,8
4
0,5 m = 20 gam.
V d 4: Cho hn hp dung dch axit gm 0,1 mol H2SO4 v 0,2 mol HCl vo hn
hp ly va gm 0,3 mol NaOH v 0,05 mol Ca(OH)2. Tnh khi lng mui to
thnh sau phn ng?
Phn tch
Pht hin vn : Khi cho hn hp hai axit H2SO4 v HCl tc dng va vi
hn hp hai baz NaOH v Ca(OH)2 s thu c hn hp mui gm NaCl, Na2SO4,
CaCl2 v CaSO4. Vy mui to thnh sau phn ng l do s kt hp ca cc kim
loi vi cc gc axit.
Gii quyt vn :
Khi lng mui to thnh = m Na m Ca mSO mCl
2
4
Khi lng mui to thnh = 23.0,3 + 40.0,05 + 96.0,1 + 35,5.0,2 = 25,6 gam
2.4.2.3. S dng bi tp rn luyn phng php gii nhanh cc loi
bi ton t hc sinh xut c mt s phng php gii c hiu qu
Trong phn ha v c lp 10 chng trnh nng cao, GV c th s dng cc
bi tp c cch gii nhanh, thng minh nhm rn luyn t duy linh hot, sng to
cho HS. gii nhanh cc bi tp HS vn dng cc phng php nh phng php
ng cho gii cc bi ton trn ln cc dung dch, phng php tng gim
khi lng hay bo ton khi lng, phng php bo ton electron, phng php
trung bnh Khi gii mt bi ton, HS vn dng mt phng php gii hoc nhiu
phng php gii khc nhau phi hp vi nhau, nhm tm ra kt qu mt cch
nhanh nht. V vy, trong qu trnh i tm kim mt cch gii nhanh, ngn gn,
chnh xc yu cu HS phi t duy cao l s dng cc thao tc c bn ca t duy
nh phn tch, so snh, tng hp , kt qu l HS t mnh chim lnh kin thc v
t mnh gii bi ton, l mt c im ca s pht trin t duy sng to.
Sau y l mt phng php gii nhanh c th s dng gii cc bi tp
ha v c ca chng trnh ha 10 nng cao.
a. Phng php ng cho
Phng php ng cho c dng gii nhanh cc dng bi tp nh trn
ln trong dung dch c cng cht ha tan, cng loi nng hoc trn ln cc cht
kh khng tc dng vi nhau.
V d 1: Cn trn Cl2 v O2 theo t l th tch nh th no c hn hp c t
khi hi so vi metan bng 1,5?
A.
10
.
11
B.
2
.
11
C.
4
.
11
D.
Phn tch
Cch gii thng thng
Theo : M hh 1,5.16 24
Gi x l s mol ca Cl2; y l s mol ca O2
M hh
71x 32y
x 4
24
y 11
xy
Ta c s
24
22
VO2 32
VH2
VO2
8
4
22 11
8
.
11
V d 2: T 20g dung dch HCl 37% to c dung dch HCl 13%. Khi lng
nc (gam) cn dng pha long dung dch l:
A. 27.
B. 25,5.
D. 37.
C. 54.
Phn tch
20.37
7, 4 (g)
100
m HCl
7, 4.100
13 x = 37g
.100
m dd
20 x
13
13
m gam, H 2 O 0
24
20 13
m 37gam
m 24
B. 214,3.
C. 285,7.
D. 350.
Phn tch
VH2O 0
Ta c s
2,1
0,9%
0, 9
VNaCl 3%
VH2O
VNaCl
7
3
B. 10,0 g
C. 1,16 g
D. 1,00 g
Phn tch
Na2CO3 + 2HCl
x
Na2SO 3 + 2HCl
y
Ta c: M hh kh 27.2 54 v n hh kh
2, 24
0,1 (mol)
22, 4
p dng s ng cho
CO 2 (x) 44
10
54
SO 2 (y) 64
10
x 10
1 x y
y 10
m x + y = 0,1 x y 0, 05 mol
Vy mmui = 0,05.106 + 0,05.126 = 11,6 g
V d 5: Ha tan 200 gam SO3 vo m gam dung dch H2SO4 49% ta c dung dch
H2SO4 78,4%. Gi tr ca m l
A. 133,3.
B. 146,9.
C. 272,2.
D. 300.
Phn tch
SO3 + H2O H2SO4
80g
98g
100g
122,5g
p dng s ng cho:
200........122,5
29, 4
78, 4
m........
49
44,1
200 29, 4 2
m 300g
m
44,1 3
A. 3,26 g.
C. 4,0 g.
D. khng xc nh c.
Phn tch
Nu HS c bi ton ny v suy ngh theo phng php gii thng thng l
vit phng trnh phn ng, sau tnh s mol kh H2 sinh ra, th HS s gp b tc
v khng bit bao nhiu kim loi, ha tr ca cc kim loi Cho nn HS s chn
p n D (khng xc nh c).
gii c bi tp ny HS phi t duy khi chuyn t kim loi thnh mui
sunfat, khi lng tng ln do c gc sunfat ( SO 24 ) nhp vo; s mol kh H2 thot
ra bng s mol H2SO4 v bng s mol gc sunfat.
Dng phng php tng gim khi lng gii
n SO2 n H2
4
0, 672
0, 03 (mol)
22, 4
B. 3,45 gam.
Phn tch
Cch gii thng thng
HS vit tt c cc phn ng xy ra
Fe3O 4 4H 2SO 4 FeSO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 4H 2O
x
4x
Ta c h phng trnh:
232x 160y 40z 80t 2,81
4x 3y z t 0, 03
V d 3: Cho 5,0g Brom c ln clo vo dung dch cha 1,6g KBr. Sau phn ng
lm bay hi dung dch th thu c 1,155g cht rn khan. Phn trm khi lng clo
c trong 5,0g brom trn l:
A. 13,1%.
B. 11,1%.
D. 7,1%.
C. 9,1%.
Phn tch
2x
2x
Gi x l s mol clo
Sau khi lm bay hi brom dung dch thu c 1,155 gam cht rn gm c KCl sinh
ra v KBr d
mKBr d = 1,6 - 119.2x
m cht rn = 2x. 74,5 + (1,6 - 119.2x) = 1,155 =>89x = 0,445 => x = 0,005 mol
Vy hm lng clo c trong 5,0g Brom l: %Cl
0, 005.71.100
7,1%
5
0, 445.71
0,355g
89
0,355.100
7,1%
5
V d 1: Ha tan 9,14 gam hn hp Cu, Fe, Al bng dung dch HCl d thu c
7,84 lt kh A (ktc) v 2,54 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. Khi lng mui c
trong dung dch C l
A. 3,99g.
C. 31,45g.
B. 33,25g.
D. 3,145g.
Phn tch
Cch gii thng thng
n H2
7,84
0,35 (mol)
22, 4
Cc phn ng xy ra
Fe 2HCl FeCl2 H 2 (1)
x
3
Al + 3HCl AlCl3 H 2 (2)
2
3
y
y
y
2
x 1,5y 0,35
y 0, 2281
Ta c h:
7,84
0,35 (mol)
22, 4
7,84
0, 7 (mol)
22, 4
B. 1,83g.
C. 1,41g.
D. 2,53g.
Phn tch
Cch gii thng thng
Gi n l ha tr ca kim loi M
Cc phn ng xy ra:
Fe 2HCl FeCl2 H 2 (1)
x
M + nHCl MCln
y
S mol H2: n H
2
n
H 2 (2)
2
n
y
2
1, 008
0, 045 (mol)
22, 4
x 0,5n.y 0, 045
56x My 1,38
127x (M 35,5n)y 4,575
Ta c h:
Cch gii nhanh
1, 008
0, 045 (mol)
22, 4
B. 4,81g.
C. 5,81g.
Phn tch
D. 6,81g.
Cc phn ng xy ra
Fe 2 O3 3H 2SO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 3H 2 O
x
3x
Ta c h phng trnh:
B. Mg v Ca.
C. Sr v Ba.
D. Ca v Sr.
Phn tch
Gi R l kim loi tng ng cho 2 kim loi nhm IIA
R + 2HCl RCl 2 H 2 (1)
T (1) ta c: n R n H
2
MR
0, 672
0, 03 (mol)
22, 4
1, 68
56 (g/mol)
0, 03
Vy 2 kim loi l Ca v Sr
V d 2: Ha tan hon ton 28,4g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi thuc
nhm IIA bng axit HCl thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc) v 1 dung dch A. Xc nh 2
kim loi nu chng thuc 2 chu k lin tip?
A. Be v Mg.
B. Mg v Ca.
C. Sr v Ba.
D. Ca v Sr.
Phn tch
Gi R l kim loi tng ng cho 2 kim loi nhm IIA
RCO3 + 2HCl RCl 2 CO 2 H 2O (1)
T (1) ta c: n RCO n CO
3
6, 72
0,3 (mol)
22, 4
M RCO3
28, 4
94, 67 (g/mol)
0,3
D. k > 0.
Phn tch
Thay th 2 mui NaCl v NaBr bng mt mui c cng thc tng ng l NaX
th 35,5 X 80 .
108 X
170
108 35,5
0,844
170
108 80
1,106
170
B. 3,7g.
C. 5,62g.
D. 2,74g.
Phn tch
Gi M l kim loi tng ng cho 2 kim loi ha tr II
M H 2SO 4
MSO 4 H 2 (1)
T (1) ta thy: n H SO n H
2
0,896
0, 04 (mol)
22, 4
B. 60%.
C. 70%.
D. 40%.
Phn tch
Gi RCO3 l cng thc tng ng cho hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v BaCO3
RCO3 + 2HCl RCl 2 CO 2 H 2O (1)
T (1) ta c: n RCO n CO
3
0, 448
2,97
0, 02 (mol) M RCO3
148,5
22, 4
0, 02
Vy %CaCO3 = 50%
e. S dng phng php bo ton electron
Phng php ny c p dng cho cc bi ton c phn ng oxi ha - kh,
c bit l nhng bi ton c nhiu cht oxi ha, nhiu cht kh. Khi dng phng
php bo ton electron, trong mt phn ng hoc mt h phn ng (c nhiu phn
ng) ch cn quan tm n trng thi s oxi ha ban u v cui ca mt nguyn t
m khng cn quan tm n cc qu trnh bin i trung gian. Ngoi ra cng cn kt
hp vi cc phng php khc nh bo ton khi lng bo ton nguyn t gii
ton.
V d 1: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 c
nng. Sau phn ng thu c 7,84 lt SO2 duy nht (ktc). Khi lng mui thu
c sau phn ng l
A. 62,5 g.
C. 52 g.
B. 46,27 g.
D. 25 g.
Phn tch
Cch gii thng thng
Cc phn ng:
o
t
2Fe 6H 2SO 4
Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 3SO 2 6H 2O
x
2
3x
2
t
Cu 2H 2SO 4
CuSO 4 SO 2 2H 2 O
S mol SO2: n SO
2
7,84
0,35 (mol)
22, 4
56x 64y 18, 4
x 0,1
Ta c h: 3x
y 0, 2
2 y 0,35
mmui = m Fe
Cch gii nhanh:
Cch 1:
S dng bo ton electron
2 (SO 4 )3
1
m CuSO4 .400.0,1 0, 2.160 52 (g)
2
Qu trnh nhng e:
0
Qu trnh nhn e:
Fe Fe + 3e
x
3x
0
S + 2e S
0,7
0,35
Cu Cu + 2e
y
2y
3x 2y 0, 7
y 0, 2
Ta c h:
mmui = m Fe
2 (SO 4 )3
1
m CuSO4 .400.0,1 0, 2.160 52 (g)
2
Cch 2: n SO n SO 0, 35 (mol)
2
4
B. S.
C. SO2.
D. SO3.
Phn tch
Cch gii thng thng
6
Mg Mg 2e
0, 04
0,08
S+
(6 - z)e
(6 - z).0,01
S
0,01
B. Al.
C. Cu.
D. Zn.
Phn tch
Cch gii thng thng
Cht rn X tc dng vi dung dch HCl sinh ra kh H2, chng t trong X
ngoi oxit ca kim loi M cn c kim loi M d.
S mol O2: n O = 0,15 (mol) ; s mol H2: n H
2
13, 44
0, 6 (mol)
22, 4
Cc phn ng xy ra
4M nO 2 2M 2 O n
0, 6
0,3
0,15
n
n
M 2 O n 2nHCl 2MCln nH 2 O
2M 2nHCl 2MCln nH 2
1, 2
n
Tng s mol M:
0,6
0, 6 1, 2 1,8
16, 2
.n 9n
M
1, 8
n
n
n
Qu trnh nhn e
0
M M ne
16, 2
M
16, 2
.n
M
O
0,3
+1
2H +
2e O
0,6
2e
1,2
H2
0,6
16, 2
.n = 0,6 + 1,2 => M = 9n
M
B. CuS v CuO.
D. khng c cp no.
Phn tch
B. 30,7%.
C. 20,97%.
D. 37,5%.
Phn tch
Cch gii thng thng
HS vit cc phn ng xy ra, t n cho cc cht trong hn hp X, lp
phng trnh gii. Cch ny HS thng ri vo trng thi tm l b tc, nn khng
gii c bi ton.
Cch gii nhanh
gii c bi ny, chng ta coi 49,6g hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3,
Fe3O4 l hn hp ca x mol Fe v y mol O
Ta c: 56x + 16y = 49,6 (1)
0
Fe Fe 3e
x
3x
0
O + 2e O
y 2y
6
3x - 2y = 0,8 (2)
S + 2e S
0,8
0,4
x 0, 7
0, 65.16
.100 20,97%
Vy % khi lng oxi: %O
49, 6
y 0, 65
T (1) v (2)
V d 3: Nung nng 16,8 gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c
m gam hn hp X gm cc oxit st v st d. Ha tan ht hn hp X bng H2SO4
c nng thu c 5,6 lt SO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 24g.
B. 26g.
C. 20g.
D. 22g.
Phn tch
Chng ta xem hn hp X gm c Fe v O
S mol Fe: nFe =
16,8
m 16,8
(mol)
0,3 (mol); S mol oxi: nO =
56
16
0
Fe Fe 3e
0,3
0,9
O
+
m 16,8
16
6
2e O
m 16,8
8
4
2e S
0,5
0,25
0,9 -
m 16,8
= 0,5 m = 20g
8
2.4.2.4. S dng bi tp rn luyn tnh linh hot cho hc sinh khi gii
bi ton
Theo kin ca G.Polia (1887 - 1985) - nh ton hc v l nh s phm M
gc Hungari - khuyn rng: Ngay khi li gii m ta tm ra l tt ri th tm thm
mt li gii khc vn c li. Tht sung sng khi thy kt qu ta tm ra c xc
nhn nh hai l lun khc nhau. C c mt chng c ri, chng ta cn mun tm
thm mt chng c na cng nh chng ta mun s vo mt vt m ta trng
thy [63, tr.3].
Gii bi tp bng nhiu cch khc nhau l hc sinh c nhn nhn v
gii quyt vn di cc gc khc nhau t gip t duy sng to ca HS
c pht trin. V vy khi tin hnh ging dy, ngi gio vin phi xy dng
mt h thng bi tp c nhiu cch gii khc nhau, ri yu cu HS t mnh suy
ngh tm ra nhng phng php gii hp l, rt ra nhn xt v phng php no l
hay nht, hp l nht. Phng php no khng th s dng gii bi ton .
Cng vic ny tng i kh khn, i hi HS phi c kin thc vng chc v
kh nng suy ngh c lp cao, t duy linh hot, sng to mi c th tm ra nhiu
cch gii khc nhau trn mt bi ton.
V d 1: Ha tan m gam hn hp gm CaO v CaCO3 bng dung dch HCl thu
c dung dch Y v 448cm3 kh CO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch Y th thu c 3,33
gam mui khan.Gi tr m l
A. 2 g.
B. 2,56 g.
C. 25,6 g.
Phn tch
Cch 1
S mol CO2: n CO
2
0, 448
0, 02 (mol)
22, 4
D. 2,65 g.
y = n CO = 0,02 mol
2
0, 448
3,33
0, 02 (mol); n CaCl2
0, 03 (mol)
22, 4
111
(0,03 - x) (0,03 - x)
0, 448
3,33
0, 02 (mol); n CaCl2
0, 03 (mol)
22, 4
111
A. 2,8M.
B. 3M.
C. 3,2M.
C. 3,8M.
Phn tch
Cch 1: p dng quy tc ng cho
4 CM
200ml HCl 2M
CM
CM 2
300ml HCl 4M
200 4 C M
CM 3, 2M
300 C M 2
B. 1,42g.
C. 2,95g.
Phn tch
Cch 1:
Mg 2HCl MgCl2 H 2 (1)
x
0, 448
0, 02 (mol)
22, 4
D. 4,15g.
0,02 0,02
mmui = m hh kim loi + m gc clorua = 0,845 + 0,02.71 = 2,265g
Cch 3: Phng php bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng
n Cl n HCl 2.n H2 2.
0, 448
0, 04(mol)
22, 4
x mol
Ta c h phng trnh:
x(23 X) 31,84
x(108 X) 57,34
Gii h X = 83,13. V hai halogen thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau trong HTTH nn
Br = 80< 83,13 < I = 127. Vy hai halogen cn tm l Br v I
Tuy nhin, iu cn nhc nh HS l ch c gii nh trn nu bit chc chn 2
mui AgX v AgY u kt ta. ng ra, phi gii trng hp trong 2 mui ca bc
c mt mui bc khng tan, do hai halogen l F v Cl.
Ta c 2 phn ng:
NaF+AgNO3
NaCl+AgNO3 NaNO3 AgCl
n AgCl
57,34
0,3996 (mol)
143,5
t T=
n NaOH
n H 2S
n NaOH
= 1 mol sn phm ch c mui NaHS nNaHS = 1,5 mol
n H 2S
b. T=
n NaOH
= 2 mol sn phm c mui Na2S v NaOH d
n H 2S
H 2S 2NaOH Na 2S H 2 O (2)
1,5
3
1,5
n Na 2S 1,5mol
c. T=
n NaOH
2
1 T 2 sn phm gm 2 mui
n H2S 1,5
H 2S NaOH NaHS H 2 O (1)
x
x
x
H 2S 2NaOH Na 2S H 2 O (2)
y
2y
x 2y 2
y = 0,5 mol Na 2S
Ta c h phng trnh:
Nu bi cho H2S d i qua dung dch kim hoc dng mt lng kim
ti thiu hp th va ht H2S th c hai trng hp ny u cho mui axit.
Nu bi cho H2S i qua dung dch kim d hoc cho mt lng kim
va trung ha ht H2S th c hai trng hp ny u cho mui trung ha.
15, 75
0,125 (mol) n NaOH 2.0,125 0, 25 (mol)
126
15, 75
0,1514 (mol)
104
Mun c mui axit th NaOH phi phn ng ht, m theo bo ton nguyn t Na th
1 NaOH 1 NaHSO3 tc l s mol NaHSO3 thu c phi l 0,2 mol > 0,1514, v
l - loi.
Trng hp 3: 15,75 gam mui l khi lng ca 2 mui
Gi x l s mol ca SO2 ng vi V lt (ktc)
SO 2 + 2NaOH Na 2SO3 H 2 O (1)
0,1
0,2
0,1
(x - 0,1)
2(x - 0,1)
10,3 gam l tng khi lng ca mui trung ha Na2SO3 v mui axit
NaHSO3.
Phn tch
Phn ng chy:
H 2S +
3
to
O 2
SO 2 H 2 O
2
8,96
0, 4 (mol)
22, 4
80.1, 28.25
n NaOH
0, 64 (mol)
100.40
n
0, 64
T= NaOH
1, 6 1 T 2
n SO2
0, 4
n SO2 n H2S
0,4
0,4
0,24
0,24
n NaHSO3 0, 24 (mol)
n Na 2SO3 0, 4 (mol)
V d 5: Chia 600ml dung dch H2SO4 3M thnh 3 phn bng nhau. Phn th nht
CM (dd NaOH) =
1,2
0,6
1, 2
0, 6
0, 75M
= 6M; CM (dd Na2SO4) =
0,8
0, 2
1,2
CM (dd NaHSO4) =
1,2
1, 2
2M
0, 4 0, 2
T cc cht sau y: KI, I2, HCl, KCl, Cl2, H2SO4, HI. Hy chn cc cht c
quan h vi nhau lp thnh cc dy bin ha ha hc v vit phn ng cho mi
dy bin ha
Phn tch
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Chui 1: KI
I 2
HI
HCl
KCl
Cl2
H 2SO 4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Chui 2: I 2
HI
KI
KCl
HCl
Cl2
H 2S O 4
Chui 3:
KCl
(1)
Cl2
(2)
H2SO4
(4)
(3)
HCl
(5)
I2
HI
(6)
KI
Dng 3: Gii thch nhng hin tng t nhin trong cuc sng
V d:
-
Tiu kt chng 2
Chng 3
THC NGHIM S PHM
Trng THPT
Lp TN
Lp C
GV dy thc nghim
Trn Ph
10T1
10T2
Trn Th Tr Hng
Tn Chu
10A
10B
Ty Ninh
10A1
10A7
Lng Th Vinh
10A1
10A2
ng Thnh Cng
im Xi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tng
Bng 3.2: Phn trm s HS t im YK; TB; K; G (bi TN1, trng Tn Chu)
%
Lp
TN
C
YK
TB
14.0
36.6
27.9
39.1
44.2
17.1
13.9
7.2
XTB
6.65 0.28
5.37 0.28
S2
3.42
3.34
S
1.85
1.83
V
27.82
34.08
T
3.23
S HS t im Xi
TN
0
0
0
2
2
4
5
12
7
3
0
35
C
0
0
0
3
4
6
8
10
1
1
0
33
%HS t im Xi
TN
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.7
5.7
11.4
14.3
34.3
20.0
8.6
0.0
100.0
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.1
12.1
18.2
24.2
30.3
3.0
3.0
0.0
100.0
%HS t im Xi tr
xung
TN
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.7
9.1
11.4
21.2
22.8
39.4
37.1
63.6
71.4
93.9
91.4
97.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
YK
TB
11.4
21.2
25.7
42.4
54.3
33.4
8.6
3.0
XTB
6.60 0.27
5.76 0.26
S2
2.48
2.19
S
1.57
1.47
V
23.79
25.52
T
2.30
Bng 3.7: Phn phi tn s, tn sut, tn sut ly tch (bi TN2, trng Ty Ninh)
im Xi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tng
S HS t im Xi
TN
0
0
0
2
6
7
10
9
6
2
1
43
C
0
1
2
12
9
9
5
4
1
0
0
43
%HS t im Xi tr
xung
TN
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
7.0
4.7
34.9
18.6
55.8
34.9
76.7
58.1
88.4
79.1
97.7
93.0
100.0
97.7
100.0
%HS t im Xi
TN
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.7
14.0
16.3
23.3
20.9
14.0
4.7
2.3
100.0
C
0.0
2.3
4.7
27.9
20.9
20.9
11.6
9.3
2.3
0.0
0.0
100.0
Bng 3.8: Phn trm s HS t im YK; TB; K; G (bi TN2, trng Ty Ninh)
%
Lp
TN
C
YK
TB
18.6
55.8
39.5
32.6
34.9
11.6
7.0
0.0
XTB
6.14 0.25
4.37 0.25
S2
2.74
2.79
S
1.66
1.67
V
27.04
38.22
T
4.94
Bng 3.10: Phn phi tn s, tn sut, tn sut ly tch (bi TN2, trng Tn Chu)
im Xi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tng
S HS t im Xi
TN
0
0
0
5
4
8
11
7
5
2
1
43
C
0
1
2
12
9
9
5
2
1
0
0
41
%HS t im Xi tr
xung
TN
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
7.3
11.6
36.6
20.9
58.5
39.5
80.5
65.1
92.7
81.4
97.6
93.0
100.0
97.7
100.0
%HS t im Xi
TN
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.6
9.3
18.6
25.6
16.3
11.6
4.7
2.3
100.0
C
0.0
2.4
4.9
29.2
22.0
22.0
12.2
4.9
2.4
0.0
0.0
100.0
Bng 3.11: Phn trm s HS t im YK; TB; K; G (bi TN2, trng Tn Chu)
%
Lp
TN
C
YK
TB
20.9
58.5
44.2
34.2
28.0
7.3
6.9
0.0
XTB
5.91 0.26
4.24 0.23
S2
3.09
2.24
S
1.76
1.50
V
29.78
35.38
T
4.74
Bng 3.13: Phn phi tn s, tn sut, tn sut ly tch (bi TN3, trng Trn Ph)
im Xi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tng
S HS t im Xi
TN
0
0
0
1
2
5
8
11
6
5
2
40
C
0
0
1
2
2
11
11
9
4
2
0
42
%HS t im Xi tr
xung
TN
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
2.5
7.2
7.5
12.0
20.0
38.1
40.0
64.3
67.5
85.7
82.5
95.2
95.0
100.0
100.0
%HS t im Xi
TN
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
5.0
12.5
20.0
27.5
15.0
12.5
5.0
100.0
C
0.0
0.0
2.4
4.8
4.8
26.2
26.2
21.4
9.5
4.5
0.0
100.0
Bng 3.14: Phn trm s HS t im YK; TB; K; G (bi TN3, trng Trn Ph)
%
Lp
TN
C
YK
TB
7.5
12.0
32.5
52.4
42.5
31.0
17.5
4.8
XTB
6.85 0.26
5.95 0.24
S2
2.69
2.34
S
1.64
1.53
V
23.49
25.71
T
2.54
Bng 3.16: Phn phi tn s, tn sut, tn sut ly tch (TN3- THPT Ty Ninh)
im Xi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tng
S HS t im Xi
TN
0
0
1
0
2
6
10
7
11
3
3
43
C
0
0
1
5
7
9
5
6
9
1
0
43
%HS t im Xi tr
xung
TN
C
0
0
0
0
2.3
2.3
2.3
14.0
7.0
30.2
20.9
51.2
44.2
62.8
60.5
76.7
86.0
97.7
93.0
100.0
100.0
%HS t im Xi
TN
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
4.6
14.0
23.2
16.3
25.6
7.0
7.0
100.0
C
0
0
2.3
11.6
16.3
20.9
11.6
14.0
20.9
2.3
0.0
100.0
Bng 3.17: Phn trm s HS t im YK; TB; K; G (bi TN3- THPT Ty Ninh)
%
Lp
TN
C
YK
TB
7.0
30.2
37.2
32.6
41.8
34.9
14.0
2.3
XTB
6.84 0.26
5.65 0.28
S2
3.00
3.42
S
1.73
1.85
V
25.29
32.74
T
3.01
Bng 3.19: Phn phi tn s, tn sut, tn sut ly tch (bi TN4, trng Trn Ph)
im Xi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tng
S HS t im Xi
TN
0
0
0
1
1
3
11
10
9
5
0
40
C
0
0
2
6
9
10
7
4
2
2
0
42
%HS t im Xi tr
xung
TN
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
2.5
19.1
5.0
40.5
12.5
64.3
40.0
81.0
65.0
90.5
87.5
95.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
%HS t im Xi
TN
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
2.5
7.5
27.5
25.0
22.5
12.5
0.0
100.0
C
0.0
0.0
4.8
14.3
21.4
23.8
16.7
9.5
4.8
4.8
0.0
100.0
Bng 3.20: Phn trm s HS t im YK; TB; K; G (bi TN4, trng Trn Ph)
%
Lp
TN
C
YK
TB
5.5
40.5
35.0
40.5
52.5
14.3
12.5
4.8
XTB
6.88 0.22
5.00 0.27
S2
1.96
3.02
S
1.40
1.74
V
20.35
34.80
T
5.33
S HS t im Xi
TN
0
0
0
1
2
5
6
9
7
4
1
35
C
0
0
0
3
3
9
10
4
2
2
0
33
%HS t im Xi tr
xung
TN
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
9.1
8.6
18.2
22.9
45.5
40.0
75.8
65.7
87.9
85.7
94.0
97.1
100.0
100.0
%HS t im Xi
TN
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
5.7
14.3
17.1
25.7
20.0
11.4
2.9
100.0
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.1
9.1
27.3
30.3
12.1
6.1
6.1
0.0
100.0
YK
TB
8.6
18.2
31.4
57.6
45.7
18.2
14.3
6.1
XTB
6.49 0.28
5.52 0.26
S2
2.73
2.38
S
1.65
1.54
V
25.42
27.89
T
2.54
3.5.1.5. Kt qu tng hp
S HS t im Xi
TN
0
0
1
16
21
42
69
75
60
28
10
322
C
0
2
8
48
53
75
55
42
24
10
1
318
%HS t im Xi tr
xung
TN
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
3.1
5.3
18.2
11.8
34.9
24.8
58.5
46.3
75.8
69.6
89.0
88.2
96.5
96.9
99.7
100.0
100.0
%HS t im Xi
TN
0.0
0.0
0.3
5.0
6.5
13.0
21.4
23.3
18.6
8.7
3.1
100.0
C
0.0
0.6
2.5
15.1
16.7
23.6
17.3
13.2
7.5
3.1
0.3
100.0
YK
TB
11.8
34.9
34.5
40.9
41.9
20.8
11.8
3.5
XTB
6.57 0.09
5.24 0.09
S2
2.83
3.01
S
1.68
1.73
V
25.57
33.02
T
9.88
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
TN
C
YK
TB
Hnh 3.2: Biu phn loi HS theo kt qu im (bi TN1, trng Tn Chu)
b. Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh
120.0
100.0
80.0
TN
C
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
60.0
50.0
40.0
TN
C
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
YK
TB
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
YK
TB
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
TN
C
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
YK
TB
Hnh 3.8: Biu phn loi HS theo kt qu im (bi TN2, trng Tn Chu)
3.5.2.3. Bi thc nghim s 3
a. Trng THPT Trn Ph
120.0
100.0
80.0
TN
C
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
50.0
45.0
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
TN
C
YK
TB
Hnh 3.10: Biu phn loi HS theo kt qu im (bi TN3, trng Trn Ph)
b. Trng THPT Ty Ninh
120.0
100.0
80.0
TN
C
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
TN
C
YK
TB
Hnh 3.12: Biu phn loi HS theo kt qu im (bi TN3, trng Ty Ninh)
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
YK
TB
Hnh 3.14: Biu phn loi HS theo kt qu im (bi TN4, trng Trn Ph)
b. Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh
120.0
100.0
80.0
TN
C
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
TN
C
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
YK
TB
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
TN
C
YK
TB
C Trn Kim Diu Nh trng THPT Ty Ninh: Vic cng c kin thc
c bn l nn tng vng chc trc khi mun pht trin t duy sng to cho HS.
Cn tp cho cc em t lc hc tp, rn luyn nng lc t nghin cu, tm ti sng
to, t to cho HS tm l ho hc trong qu trnh nhn thc.
KT LUN
1. Kt lun
;
+ S dng bi tp c cch gii nhanh thng minh;
+ S dng bi tp c nhiu cch gii;
+ S dng bi tp c nhiu kh nng xy ra;
+ Hc sinh t xy dng bi tp ha hc.
1.6. Tin hnh thc nghim s phm 4 trng THPT tnh Ty Ninh vi 8
lp thuc cc a bn dn c khc nhau: nng thn, th trn, th x. Nhng kt qu
thc nghim khng nh c vic s dng BTHH l phng tin gip gio vin
cng c kin thc v pht trin t duy sng to cho hc sinh.
Nhng kt qu nghin cu trn y cho thy mc ch v cc nhim v
nghin cu c hon thnh. Gi thuyt nghin cu l ng n.
2. xut
1. Nguyn Duy i, Nguyn Tinh Dung, Trn Thnh Hu, Trn Quc Sn, Nguyn
Vn Tng (2000), Mt s vn chn lc ca ha hc tp 1, Nxb Gio
dc, H Ni.
2. Ng Ngc An, L Hong Dng (2007), n tp v kim tra ha hc 10, Nxb
Gio dc.
3. Phm Hng Bc (2009), Mt cch gii hay cho dng bi tp c lin quan n
tnh oxi ha mnh ca HNO3, H2SO4, Tp ch gio dc, (215), tr. 45 47.
4. Hong Th Bc, ng Th Oanh (2008), 10 phng php gii nhanh bi tp
trc nghim ha hc, Nxb Gio dc, H Ni.
Minh.
6. Trnh Vn Biu (2000), Ging dy ha hc trng ph thng, HSP TP H
Ch Minh.
7. Trnh Vn Biu (2003), Cc phng php dy hc hiu qu, HSP TP H Ch Minh.
8. Trnh Vn Biu (2004), L lun dy hc ha hc, HSP TP H Ch Minh.
9. Trnh Vn Biu (2005), Phng php thc hin ti nghin cu khoa hc,
HSP TP H Ch Minh.
10. Nguyn Cao Bin (2008), Rn luyn nng lc c lp sng to cho hc sinh lp
10 THPT thng qua h thng bi tp ha hc, Lun vn thc s khoa hc
12. Nguyn Gia Cu (2005), gp phn khc phc tnh trng hc go, hc vt
ca hc sinh, Tp ch Gio dc, (125), tr.13 - 15.
13. Nguyn Gia Cu (2007), Dy hc pht huy tnh nng ng, sng to ca hc
sinh, Tp ch Gio dc, (156), tr.20 - 21.
18. L Vn Dng (2001), Pht trin nng lc nhn thc v t duy cho HS THPT
thng qua bi tp ha hc, Lun n tin s khoa hc gio dc, trng HSP
H Ni.
19. Cao C Gic (2007), Phng php gii bi tp ha hc 10 t lun v trc
nghim, Nxb HQG TP H Ch Minh.
22. Goerge P. Boulden (2006), T duy sng to (bn dch Ting Vit), Nxb tng
hp TP H Ch Minh.
23. Goeffrey Petty (2005), Dy hc ngy nay, Trng HSP H Ni.
24. Phm Vn Hoan (1999), Hng dn lm bi tp ha hc 10, Nxb Gio dc.
25. Nguyn Quang He (2008), Rn luyn nng lc sng to cho sinh vin s
phm ton nhm p ng c hiu qu dy hc mn ton THCS, Tp ch
Gio dc, (193), tr. 35 - 36.
26. L Vn Hng (Ch bin), Phm Th Minh Nguyt, Trn Th Kim Thoa, Phan S
Thun (1997), Gii ton ha hc 10, Nxb Gio dc.
27. Trn Thnh Hu (2006), T liu ha hc 10, Nxb Gio dc, H Ni.
28. Trn Th Tr Hng (2009), H thng bi tp chng Halogen nhm pht trin
t duy sng to cho hc sinh lp 10 THPT Ha hc v ng dng, (13),
tr 10 - 14.
45. Trn Vit Quang (2007), Vai tr ca nng lc t duy bin chng i vi hot
ng hc tp ca sinh vin s phm, Tp ch gio dc, (169), tr.9 - 11.
46. Phan Trng Qu (Ch bin), Nguyn Hong Ht (2008), Mt kiu tip cn mi
v ha hc 10, Nxb HQG TP H Ch Minh.
Minh.
50. Nguyn Cnh Ton (2006), Gio n in t, con dao hai li, Tp ch Dy v
hc ngy nay, (12), tr.45.
51. Dng Thiu Tng (1995), Trc nghim v o lng thnh qu hc tp,
Trng HSP TP H Ch Minh.
52. L Xun Trng (Tng ch bin) (2006), Ha hc 10 nng cao Sch gio khoa,
Nxb Gio dc.
53. L Xun Trng (Tng ch bin) (2006), Ha hc 10 nng cao Sch gio vin,
Nxb Gio dc.
54. L Xun Trng (2006), 450 bi tp trc nghim ha hc 10 THPT, Nxb HSP
H Ni.
56. Nguyn Xun Trng (2005) Gii ton bng nhiu cch, mt bin php nhm
pht trin t duy, Ha hc v ng dng, (12), tr.10-11.
57. Nguyn Xun Trng, Nguyn Th Su, ng Th Oanh, Trn Trung Ninh
(2005), Ti liu bi dng thng xuyn cho GV THPT chu k III 2004 2007, Nxb H Ni.
60. Nguyn Xun Trng (2007), Bi tp trc nghim ha hc 10, Nxb Gio dc.
61. Nguyn Xun Trng (2007), Cch bin son v tr li cu hi trc nghim
mn ha hc, Nxb Gio dc, H Ni.
62. Thi Duy Tuyn (2007), Phng php dy hc truyn thng v hin i, NXB
Gio dc.
63. Hunh Vn t (2006), Gii bng nhiu cch cc bi ton ha hc 10, Nxb
Tng hp TP H Ch Minh.
64. Nguyn c Vn (1983), Bi tp ha v c, Nxb Gio dc, H Ni.
65. Phng Quc Vit, Dng Thy Linh (2006), Tch cc ha hot ng nhn
thc ca hc sinh thng qua dy hc cc bi tp ha hc, Tp ch gio dc,
(147), tr. 33 34.
66. Vin ngn ng hc (2006), T in ting Vit, Nxb Nng.
67. Zueva M.V (1985), Pht trin hc sinh trong ging dy ha hc (bn dch ting
Vit), Nxb Gio dc, H Ni.
68. V Duy Yn (2007), i mi vic ch o hot ng t hc nh ca hc
sinh, Tp ch gio dc, (164), tr.43 - 44.
MC LC
Trang ph ba
Li cm n
Mc lc
Danh mc cc ch vit tt
Danh mc cc bng, cc hnh
M U ....................................................................................................................1
Chng 1 : C S L LUN V THC TIN CA TI
PHN PH LC
1. Ph lc 1: Hng dn gii mt s bi tp chng Halogen
(Phn bi tp t lun)
Cu 4.
a. Trong nguyn t ca cc halogen c 1 electron khng ghp i obitan np, nn
tr flo, chng u c kh nng to ra mc oxi ha +1 khi chng lin kt vi mt
nguyn t khc c m in mnh hn (v d vi oxi). Cn flo cng c 1 electron
c thn nhng do m in ca flo ln nht nn khi lin kt vi cc nguyn t
khc flo lun th hin mc oxi ha -1.
b. Nguyn t clo, brom, iot cn c nhng obitan cha c lp y, do c th
xy ra cc qu trnh kch thch electron ghp i nhy ln nhng obitan cn trng
ca phn lp d.
ns
ns
np
nd
ns
ns
np
np
np
nd
nd
nd
Cu 5. Cl2 2NaBr
2NaCl Br2
Br2 tan trong nc to dung dch mu vng (dung dch qu t Br2 nn c mu
vng ch cha thnh mu nu).
2HBrO3 10HCl
Sau , tip tc cho Cl2 vo th: 5Cl2 Br2 6H 2 O
Cu 9.
3
Zn + 2 H I Zn I 2 H 2 (2)
Cu 10.
o
t
CaSO 4 2HF
Axit H2SO4 tc dng vi CaF2 to c axit HF : CaF2 H 2SO4
SiF4 2H 2 O
Axit HF sinh ra tc dng ngay vi SiO2 : 4HF SiO 2
SiO2 l thnh phn chnh ca thy tinh, m axit HF d dng tc dng vi SiO2 do
ng dng ca phn ng ny: dng khc hnh, khc ch trn thy tinh.
Cu 13. Nhn bit cc cht
a. Nhn bit cc dung dch: KBr, MgBr2, K2CO3, I2.
Trch mi dung dch mt t lm mu th. Cho h tinh bt ln lt vo cc mu th:
- Mu cho hp cht mu xanh tm l dung dch I2.
Ba mu khng c hin tng g l: KBr, MgBr2, K2CO3. Ln lt nh dung dch
AgNO3 vo cc mu th:
- Hai mu cho kt ta vng nht l KBr, MgBr2. phn bit hai mu ny, ta ly
mi cht mt t cho vo cc ng nghim khc, sau ln lt cho vo hai mu ny
dung dch NaOH d, mu no c kt ta trng sinh ra l MgBr2.
- Cn li l K2CO3
KBr AgNO3 AgBr KNO3
MgBr2 2AgNO3 2AgBr Mg(NO3 ) 2
MgBr2 2NaOH Mg(OH) 2 2NaBr
b. Ch dng mt ha cht lm thuc th, nhn bit cc dung dch: BaCl2, Zn(NO3)2,
Na2CO3, AgNO3.
Ly mi cht mt t cho vo cc ng nghim lm mu th
Cho ln lt nh dung dch HCl vo cc mu th ng trong cc ng nghim.
- Mu th c si bt l Na2CO3: Na 2CO3 2HCl NaCl CO 2 H 2 O
- Mu th to kt ta trng ra ngoi nh sng ha en l AgNO3
AgNO3 HCl AgCl HNO3
as
2AgCl
2Ag Cl2
+Ba(OH)2
SO2
BaSO4, BaSO3
+HCl
BaSO4
t
CaF2 H 2SO 4
2HF CaSO 4 (1)
o
t
HCl NaHSO 4 (2)
NaCl H 2SO 4
t
NaBr H 2SO 4
HBr NaHSO4 (3)
o
t
HI NaHSO 4 (4)
NaI H 2SO 4
Sau :
o
t
2HBr H 2SO 4
Br2 SO 2 2H 2 O (5)
o
t
4I 2 H 2S 4H 2 O (6)
8HI H 2SO 4
b) Phn ng (1), (2) l phn ng trao i v HF, HCl l nhng kh d tan trong nc
do phi dng mui khan v axit H2SO4 c trnh s ha tan ca cc kh.
Cu 15.
a. Hi brom nng hn khng kh nhiu ( d Br / KK
2
160
5,52 ) nn p ngc ng th
29
t
MnO 2 4HCl
MnCl2 Cl2 2H 2 O
58,5.
%NaCl
18
y
26,5
18
y
26,5
58,5.x
.100 27,84%
58,5x 103y 58,5. 18 y 103y
26,5
2 mol
2Fe
0,5 mol
0,5 mol
3Cl2
2FeCl3
0,5 mol
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
x
y
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Fe v Al
3y/2
S mol H2 : n H2
17,92
0,8 (mol)
22, 4
56x 27y 22 x 0, 2
x 1,5y 0,8
y 0, 4
Ta c h phng trnh:
11, 2
.100 50,9%
22
m ddHCl
1, 6.36,5.100
800g
7,3
n HCl
2,32
50.5,84
0, 08 (mol) ; n Fex Oy
56x 16y
36,5.100
2,32
x 4
56x 16y y 3
Ban u:
Phn ng:
(y-a)
2a
2a
2a
30
+ Trong hn hp u:
9, 75.100
81, 25%
12
%Cl2 100 81, 25 18, 75%
%H 2
(9, 75 1,8)100
66, 25%
12
%Cl2 100 30 66, 25 3, 75%
%H 2
%HCl 30%
Cu 25. t cng thc oxit l MxOy, cc phn ng xy ra:
o
t
M x O y yH 2
xM yH 2 O (1)
M + nHCl MCln +
n
H2
2
(2)
Xc nh kim loi M
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t ta c:
n H2O n O n H2
1,344
0, 06 (mol)
22, 4
S mol nguyn t oxi (nO) trong H2O chnh l s mol nguyn t oxi b tch khi
oxit.
Mt khc, theo bo ton khi lng ta c:
moxit = mM + moxi
1, 008
0, 045 (mol)
22, 4
n
H2
2
0, 045.2
n
0,045
Ta c:
(2)
0, 045.2
.M = 2,52 M=28n
n
28
56
84
Kt lun
Loi
Fe
Loi
n Fe
2, 24
0,1mol
22, 4
Qu trnh nhng e
Mg2+ + 2e
Mg
O2 + 4e
0,2
0,4
Al3+ + 3e
Al
0,3
n Mg
Qu trnh nhn e
0,9
4x
Cl2 + 2e
y
2O2-
2Cl-
2y
4,80
8,10
0, 2mol; n Al
0,3mol
24
27
%VO2
2s2
2p4
Mun xut hin mc oxi ha ln hn cn phi chuyn electron t mc 2p
ns
np
ns
np
nd
ns
np
nd
nd
- Tc dng vi PbS
O2 khng th oxi ha PbS to ra PbSO4
O3 + PbS
PbSO4 + O2
- Tc dng vi vi dung dch KI
O2 khng th oxi ha c KI
O3 + KI + H2O
KOH + I2 + O2
Cu 5.
H2O2 tc dng vi KI, KMnO4 trong mi trng axit
1
H 2 O 2 + 2 K I + H2SO4
I 2 + K2SO4 + 2H 2 O
5O 2 + 2 Mn SO 4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
5 H 2 O 2 + 2K Mn O 4 + 3H2SO4
H2O2 l cht kh
1
3 H 2 O2
2Na 2 Cr O 4 + 4 H 2 O
+ 2Na Cr O 2 + 2NaOH
500 C,xt
SO2 + CO
2CO2 + S
o
500 C
S + 2H2O
SO2 + 2H2
o
500 C
SO2 + 2C
2CO + S
Khi tc dng vi cc cht c tnh kh mnh hn, SO2 s th hin tnh oxi ha
Cu 7.
a. Oleum l hn hp c to ra khi cho SO3 tan trong H2SO4 tinh khit. Trong hn
hp c cc dng axit polisunfuric.
H2S2O7 (axit disunfuric)
H2SO4 + SO3
H2SO4 + 2SO3
H2S3O10 (axit trisunfuric)
H2SO4 + 3SO3
H2S4O13 (axit tetra sunfuric)
..
H2SO4 + nSO3
H2Sn+1O3n+4 (n 0)
b. Khi hp th nc, axit sufuric c ta nhiu nhit, do khi pha long axit phi
cho t t H2SO4 c vo nc v khuy u, trnh lm ngc li gy bng axit v
chy n.
Cu 9. Axit H2SO4 c iu ch theo phng php tip xc. Phng php ny
gm 3 giai on chnh.
- Sn xut SO2
Ty thuc vo ngun nguyn liu
o
t
+ Thiu qung pirit st: 4FeS2 + 11O2
2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
o
t
+ t chy S : S + O2
SO2
- Sn xut SO3
Oxi ha SO2 bng kh O2hoc lng d khng kh
2SO2 + O2
450 500o C
V2 O5
2SO3
- Sn xut H2SO4
Kh SO3 i t di ln nh thp, H2SO4 c chy t nh thp xung di. Dng
H2SO4 98% hp th SO3 c oleum H2SO4.nSO3.
Cu 11.
a. H2S + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl
b. 3H2S + K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 3S + K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 7H2O
c. 5H2S + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 5S + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O
d. H2S + 4Br2 + 4H2O 8HBr + H2SO4
e. H2S + I2 S + 2HI
Cu 12. Cc phn ng c th xy ra:
O3 + 2KI + H2O I2 + 2KOH + O2
K2CO3
Na2SO4
HCl
Ba(NO3)2
NaCl
K2CO3
CO2
BaCO3
Na2SO4
BaSO4
HCl
CO2
Ba(NO3)2
BaCO3
BaSO4
Kt qu
5 S O 2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O K 2 S O 4 + 2 Mn S O 4 + 2H 2 S O 4
b. Phng php 2: Phn bit SO2 v SO3, nu khng dng phng php trn cn c
th dng phn ng vi dung dch mui BaCl2: SO3 c hin tng to kt ta cn
SO2 th khng c hin tng g.
SO3 + H2O H2SO4
H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl
Cu 16.
Ln lt cho cc cht kh li qua nc vi trong, kh no gy hin tng
vn c l CO2
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
Hai kh cn li cho tc dng vi dung dch KI c nh vi git h tinh bt,
ng no c mu xanh tm xut hin chnh l O3.
O3 + 2KI + H2O I2 + O2 + 2KOH
Kh cn li l O2
Cu 17. Dn hn hp kh qua dung dch Cu(NO3)2 d, thy kt ta en chng t c
H2S v c phn ng: H2S + Cu(NO3)2 CuS + 2HNO3
Tip tc dn hai kh cn li, qua dung dch Br2, nu thy mu nu ca dung dch
Br2 nht dn, chng t c SO2: SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4
Dn kh cn li qua dung dch nc vi trong ly d, thy c hin vn c nc vi
trong chng t c kh CO2: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
Cu 18. Dn hn hp kh qua dung dch BaCl2 d thy kt ta trng xut hin,
chng t c kh SO3
H2 + CuO(en) t
Cu() + H2O
Tip tc cho hn hp kh sau khi ra khi ng s, qua dung dch Br2 d, thy mu
nu ca dung dch Br2 nht, chng t c SO2
SO2 + Br2 + H2O
HBr + H2SO4
Cui cng dn kh cn li vo dung dch nc vi trong d thy nc vi ha c
chng t c CO2
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
Cu 19. Mui ch tc dng vi cc vt kh H2S trong kh quyn to thnh PbS (mu
en); di tc dng ca H2O2 mu en chuyn thnh mu trng.
Pb(OH)2 + H2S PbSen + 2H2O
PbS + 4H2O2 PbSO4 trng + 4H2O
Cu 20.
CuSO4 + H2S CuS + H2SO4
Pb(NO3)2 + H2S PbS + HNO3
CuS, PbS to ra khng tan trong axit H2SO4, HNO3
FeSO4 + H2S FeS + H2SO4
Cn FeS to ra b tan trong axit H2SO4 nn khng thu c FeS.
Cu 21.
a) Gii thch hin tng
Dung dch mt mu do KMnO4 (mu tm) sau phn ng b kh thnh MnSO4
(khng mu).
Vn c mu vng do H2S b oxi ha to lu hunh khng tan trong nc.
b) Phng trnh ha hc
5H2S + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 5S + 8H2O
c) Vai tr: H2S l cht kh, KMnO4 cht oxi ha
(2n+2) mol
n KOH
3,38
25, 6.1, 25.14
(mol)
0.08 (mol) ; n oleum
98 80n
100.56
3,38
0, 08
=
n 3
98 80n 2n 2
C%SO3
3.80
.100 71%
98 3.80
c. Tnh khi lng oleum trn cn ly pha vo 500ml dung dch H2SO4 49% (d =
1,25g/ml) c th iu ch c oleum 15%.
Gi x l s gam H2SO4.3SO3 cn tm
Trong 338g H2SO4.3SO3 c 98g H2SO4 v 240g 3SO3
x g H2SO4.3SO3
98.x
240.x
g 3SO3
g H 2SO 4 v
338
338
18g
318,75g
98g
?
mSO3
318, 75.80
318, 75.98
1416, 67g ; m H2SO4
1735, 42g
18
18
240.x
1416, 67
15 3
338
x 2696,8g 2, 7kg
85 17 306, 25 98.x 1735, 42
338
Cu 24.
a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng, xc nh A, B
Theo bi, khi cho A v B tc dng vi H2SO4 long, d th khi lng hn hp
gim i mt na, do c mt kim loi khng tc dng vi H2SO4 long (gi s B)
m1/2 hn hp
4,32
2,16g = mA = mB
2
a mol
Ta c n H2
MA
2, 688 a.x
0, 24
a
22, 4
2
x
2,16 2,16.x
9x
a
0, 24
x
18
27
Vy A l Al
o
t
2B + 2yH2SO4 c
B2(SO4)y + ySO2 + 2yH2O
b mol
b.y
2
MB
2.0,112
b.y
0, 02
0, 01
b
0, 082.273
2
y
2,16 2,16.y
108.y
b
0, 02
y
108
216
324
Vy B l Ag
b. Tnh khi lng dung dch Na2S 23,4%
o
t
Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
2Ag + 2H2SO4
0,02
0,02
0,01 mol
0,01
0,01mol
mddNa 2S
0, 01.78.100
3,33g
23, 4
Cu 26.
SO2 + Br2 + H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr
n SO2 n Br2 0, 675.0, 2 0,125 (mol)
ta c a + b = 0,125 (1)
X + KOH:
2NaHSO3 + 2KOH Na2SO3 + 2H2O + K2SO3
7,14b
0,125.0, 0216 0, 0108 (mol)
28,56
a = 0,125 - 0,0108 = 0,1142 (mol)
n NaHSO3 n KOH
126.100
50,38%
28,56
104.100
3,93%
28,56
4a mol
C% H2SO4
3. Ph lc 3. KIM TRA S 1
Cu 1: pha c 500ml dung dch nc mui c nng 0,9% cn ly V ml
dung dch NaCl 3%. Gi tr ca V l
A. 350.
B. 214,3.
C. 285,7.
D. 150.
Hnh 2
HCl
HCl
Dd
NaCl
H2O
Hnh 3
A. Hnh 3.
Hnh 4
B. Hnh 4.
C. Hnh 1.
D. Hnh 2.
Cu 3: Tm cu ng trong cc cu sau y.
Trong dy bn dung dch axit: HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4
A. tnh axit gim dn t tri qua phi.
B. tnh bn gim dn t tri qua phi.
C. kh nng oxi ha gim dn t tri qua phi.
D. tnh axit bin i khng theo quy lut.
Cu 4: Cho 0,03 mol hn hp 2 mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l 2 halogen thuc 2 chu
k lin tip nhau) tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 4, 75 gam kt ta. X v Y ln
lt l
A. F v Cl.
B. Cl v Br.
C. Br v I.
D. I v At.
B. 61,28%.
C. 68,21%.
D. 68,12%.
Cu 8: Ha tan ht 38,60 gam hh Fe v kim loi M trong dung dch HCl d thy
thot ra 14,56 lt H2 (ktc). Khi lng hn hp mui clorua khan thu c l
A. 74,85 g.
B. 84,75 g.
C. 78,45g.
D. 48,75 g.
Cu 9: Dung dch axit clohidric th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi dy cc cht oxi
ha no di y?
A. K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, H2SO4.
B. MnO2, KClO3, NaClO.
C. KMnO4, Cl2, CaOCl2.
D. K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, MnO2, KClO3.
Cu 10: Xt v tnh oxi ha kh, axit clohidric
A. c c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh.
B. ch c tnh oxi ha.
C. ch c tnh kh.
D. khng c tnh kh v tnh oxi ha.
4. Ph lc 4. KIM TRA S 2
Cu 1: Clorua vi v nc Gia ven th hin tnh oxi ha l do
B 13,1%.
C 7,1%.
D 9,1%.
B Sn.
C Zn.
D Fe.
Cu 4: Cht no c th kh c FeCl3?
A NaCl.
B NaF.
C KI.
D KBr.
B qu tm.
C phenolphtalein.
B c mu nu.
C vng lc.
D c mu tm.
Cu 8: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp hai kim loi (gm mt kim loi ha tr II
v mt kim loi ha tr III) bng dung dch HCl d thu c 11,07 lt kh ( 1atm
v 270C), thy khi lng mui ln hn x gam so vi khi lng kim loi. Gi tr x
l
A 15,525.
B 31,95.
C 15,975.
D 3,195.
Cu 9: Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 50 gam trong dung dch HCl, sau khi
thu c 336ml kh H2 (ktc) th khi lng kim loi gim 1,68%. Kim loi
dng l:
A Al.
B Fe.
C Mg.
D Zn.
B 50%.
C 60%.
D 40%.
Cu 2: Sau khi chuyn mt th tch kh oxi thnh ozon th thy th tch gim i 3
ml (bit cc th tch o cng iu kin). Th tch oxi tham gia phn ng l
A 9ml.
B 6ml.
C 7ml.
D 15 ml.
Cu 3: Trong cc nhm cht sau y, nhm cha cc cht u chy trong oxi l
A H2S, FeS, CaO.
B 0,672 lt.
C 0,784 lt.
D 1,15 lt.
B 15% .
C 35% .
D 25%.
Cu 7: Chn cu ng?
A Trong khng kh, O2 chim khong 80% th tch.
B Cho O2 qua dung dch KI, to sn phm lm xanh h tinh bt.
C in phn dung dch NaOH hoc H2SO4 thu c O2.
D O2 c th oxi ha hu ht kim loi k c Ag, Au, Pt.
Cu 8: Tm dung dch KI long vo bng giy mt u c nh thm dung
dch h tinh bt, mt u nh thm dung dch phenolphtalein. Nh thm vo mi
u bng giy 2 git H2O2. Hin tng xy ra l
A u c nh dung dch h tinh bt chuyn sang mu xanh, u cn li c
kh thot ra.
B c kh khng mu thot ra trn hai u bng giy.
C c hai u bng giy u chuyn sang mu xanh.
D u c nh dung dch h tinh bt chuyn sang mu xanh, u cn li
chuyn sang mu hng.
Cu 9: Cht no sau y l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra s ph hy tng ozon?
A SO2.
B CFC.
C CO2.
D N2.
Cu 10: Nhit phn cng mt khi lng vi hiu sut 100% th mui thu c
nhiu kh oxi nht l
A KMnO4.
B KNO3.
C KClO3.
D CaOCl2.
6. Ph lc 6. KIM TRA S 4
Cu 1: Chn dy ha cht c xp theo th t tnh axit gim dn
A. H2O, H2S, H2Se.
B 1.
C 2.
D 4.
C. H2SO4 c hp th SO2.
B FeS.
C FeS2.
D CuFeS2
Cu 6: Cho 0,2 mol kh SO2 tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,3 mol NaOH thu c
A Na2SO3 v NaHSO3 u 0,1 mol.
Cu 7: C 5 mu kim loi Ba, Mg, Fe, Al, Ag. Ch dng duy nht mt thuc th l
dung dch H2SO4 long c th nhn bit c nhng kim loi no?
A Ba, Mg, Fe, Al, Ag.
B Ba, Ag.
C Ba, Ag, Fe .
B 46,27g.
C 52g.
D 62,5g.
B 2,51g.
C 5,12g.
D 5,21g.
B 30%.
C 75%.
D 50%.
- H v tn:
- Trnh :
- Ni cng tc:
- S nm tham gia ging dy ha hc trng ph thng:
Xin qu thy, c nh du vo trng m thy, c cho l ph hp vi kin ca
mnh.
1. Theo qu thy, c hin nay nhng dng bi tp ha hc cn xy dng l
- Bi tp rn luyn cho hc sinh nng lc pht hin vn v gii quyt vn
- Bi tp c s dng hnh v, th, s , lp rp dng c th nghim
- Bnh thng
- Khng th
3. Xin qu thy, c cho bit v mc cng c kin thc v pht trin t duy sng
to cho hc sinh bng bi tp trong cc gi dy ha hc ca bn thn trng
THPT:
- Thng xuyn
- i khi
- Khng bao gi
4. Theo qu thy, c c th cng c kin thc v pht trin t duy sng to cho hc
sinh THPT qua cc gi ho hc bng cch no?
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
1. Xin qu thy c cho bit kin ca mnh (bng cch nh du vo ph
hp v trnh by thm quan im ni dung 10) v mt s hng s dng
bi tp ha hc cng c kin thc v pht trin t duy sng to cho hc
sinh lp 10 nng cao trung hc ph thng.
NI DUNG TM
HIU
1. S dng bi tp
gip hc sinh nm
chc kin thc c bn
2. S dng bi tp
gip hc sinh rn
luyn k nng c bn
3. S dng bi tp
cng c k nng thc
hnh
4. S dng bi tp
b sung, hon thin,
m rng kin thc
cho hc sinh
5. S dng bi tp
rn luyn nng lc
suy lun logic
6. S dng bi tp
rn luyn nng lc
S CN THIT
Rt
cn
Cn
TNH KH THI
Bnh
Khng
Rt
Kh
Bnh
Khng
thng
cn
kh thi
thi
thng
kh thi
pht hin vn v
gii quyt vn
7. S dng bi tp c
cch gii nhanh
thng minh
8. S dng bi tp c
nhiu cch gii
9. S dng bi tp c
nhiu kh nng xy
ra
10 Hc sinh t xy
dng bi tp ha hc
10. kin khc (nu c)