Basic Excel Skills [Eel may be the most versatile software program ever created. Is used daily by nallions of people in every caeivable walk of fie. Some ofits users are simply ‘ding up stortcokumns of numbers, wii others ae creating sophisticated apis tions in which Excel i perfoening complex merical esleulatons while interacting with several other software sytem. With such a versatile and fexble toc it {ical for any wero determine just which of the thousands offeaturesin Excel are really worth knowing In thie chapter, we describe the haic Excel skills we think ate [important for every busines nals "Ths chapter ist intended to seve a8 a beginners tutorial op Excel. Those ‘who are new toExcel and who need ttl should work througha book CD. or Take an oolineeoutee Severalof these ar itedin the sugaestedreadings Those who thave a working knowledge of Excel wil nd in tis chaper some reminders about familiar tos and perp pointers o some new one a well We have found that many experienced users have never taken thetine to expore Excel stematcally.s0| their silsare deep insome arearbat shallow in others Werecommead that you skim {his chapter fo Encl features that are new to you and ad them to your skillset. fevv minutes spent in lemning how to ure Feel more eficenly, oven ifyou area experienced user can pa dividends inthe future everytime you build a spreadsheet model Se ‘What spreadsheet sill ate prerequisites for an analyst who would like to learn to model nel? The mart tai sil sad oe tha dest show upintbe books, isthe Sty to leam by til anderrr Few suceasulusers of software lear primarily from manuals lp faites, Most ave learned to sean themonus and searchin party ‘idm, pry oteligent fashion forthe ool they need and Yo experiment freely. “knowing hat almost) pobing they cannot he undone. lnfac the Undo command iscome of te most important features in Excel! “Getting down to Excel, the rst necessary skills tbe able to vwonheet and between worksheet in mor bovk, Thi alesis ‘Srolling ing te Home en End kes, and soon. Even the novice modeler needsto fe textandentr date and choose the formatoftesc entries ishandy to beable ‘change the font name, sh, andsze:touse bald and ales andtocolor acelorits ‘Sontets The sly tothe content cll isimportant. Other nevessary skills inciadeinsering and deleting tos of columns aad entice woskshocts; cuting, opying, and pasting, print! aa drawing chars. ‘Skill ee of formulas a fonctions separates the aovcespreadshest us from the advanced ure. To crete formulas effectively, users most understand bath relative cll adresing a absolute cell addressing. Excl has iamumerable bul in| functions aa an rascal simplify exeuations. Some ofthe most useful are SOM,in Spaton TF, ox MEK AVERAGE, and NPV. The Insert Function window not ony fist al the avalable functions by category, but also species the syntax ofeach function, ‘explaining what inputs each requites and in what ordet. Beyond these hase tools, Excel contains erally hundreds of specialized features, Few modelers use more than several dozens ofthese soutincly, and even {ewercaaromemberal of them hetween uses, Its nor necessary to master lf See specialized tools in order to sueoed at modeling ‘Wevillusea simple spreadsheet model a an example throughout this chapter ‘The reader should ope thismodel and use ito test out the features described below "The spreadsheet set x shown in Figure 3. Pont investors in 9 ofce bulla consrstion project have ake ws to vane si ‘opportunity. Our task o pro he after ech ows eing Som soto ‘pera ths proposed oc bldg ver fn year povod Ata planned sto 8000 ‘Sue feet te expected contraction cont $8 pe quae fot, The investor pan fake ‘uta morgage for percent of he cost of he busing paying he einer cs). and {hey hve Bee arated arate of 1 poent fra er of 30 yea The owner math 1) forthe cow of operating te adn, Mic nls nes sre, enenance, and eran les They same ht the average opting sot pe gue fot wil be $10 “They hve ao ema tha they can hare a etal ae of 15 por agar oo, with an ‘oxcupang ato 70 percent. The cet ofeapalis 1 perent Renner are expected to grow poet pe yea, whe operating expense row 6 peo the oecpangy ae sop peeetae points yearly asthe bul ages Te owner pln sel the ug at the end the ith Year for 12 Une he fal ear ne operating ie 7 3.3_THE EXCEL WINDOW, Exch Exel le iscalled a workbook. A workbook consists of number of individual worksheets. We will se the word “sprendsbeet” to refer to bath workbooks and Wworksbets ‘The basic spreadsheet layout consists fa rid of rows and columns cll ee Figure 32). The rows are labeled with numbers andthe columns are labeled with letters The maximum number of rows in a single worksheet f I,M&S76 the ‘maximum number of columns is 16.388. The addess ofa cll correspond to ts column and row label—for example, C3 or ABSST, “etd tri chap rts dn Compu Si weetExcel displays on the computer sreen a portion of this grid surrounded by other ‘nforration, Some ofthe important features ofthe Excel window are desribed here fd noted in Figuee 32 ‘Othce Button The Office Huion, which i located atthe upper let comer ofthe Srndow, provides accesso the mest coramonly wed commands such 3 New, Opes, {lose Sve, Save As; and Prin, It also provides access to Excel Options. Quick Acces Toalbar Just to the right of the Office Button is the Quick Access ‘Toolbar. Ths toolbar provides set oconsthal provide shortcuts a frequent used commands, You can customize this toolbar by selecting the dowaward pointing sr0w tothe right ofthe eons. ‘Tobe ‘The main Ese nmmandsare cried pronto telowing + Home wert + Page Layout + Formulas + Data + Review + View + Addins Adatonal abs mayne eran conditions, appeas tothe right of the eight iste ‘ove. Ribbons and Groups Each tab gives acces toa ribbon in which commands ace fngasized into groups, For example, the Home tab has the following proups of commands+ Ciipboura + Font + Alignment = Number + Seles + Calls + Baiting “The Foot group ineudes the fllowing commands + Font size (increase and decrease) + Bold italics, undertine + Borders + Fil color + Font color addition, the Font group includes a small downward-pontng arrow ison (\) that ‘opens the Format Cel Window. Message Area When Excel performs lengthy calculations, a mesage will ppearin ‘his area giving information onthe progres of the procedare Scroll Bars ‘These bars allow the user 1 change the portion of the spreadsheet ‘splayed on tho sreen ‘het Tabs. These tabs allow the user to select which worksheets displayed, The selection allows the user to move fom sheet to sheet within & workbook. ‘TabScroling Buttons These small triangles alow the dspay of diferent tbs in ‘workbooks where not all of the tabs ae visible at once [Name Box This box displays the cell adress where the cursors ocated aswell as| the ist of any named ranges. (Named ranges are covered in Chapter 4) Formula Bar This box displays the contents ofthe cell where the cursor leat, whether a number formula or text This is usually the area in which the user enters information into el, Mouse Cursor The location ofthe cursor is shown with an open eros symbol (CalCursor Whena cellhasbeenseected, itis outlined witha dark border. When ‘ange of cells hasbeen selected, its colored blue and outlined! with a dark hose Fil Handle the lower sight hand comer f the cell orders cos that ean be selected for copying the contents ofthe cll 0 adjacent eels. When this eos Selected, the mouse cursor changes t a darkened cross, 3.4_ CONFIGURING EXCEL ‘Many users are not aware that tbey ean control the look and behavior of their spreadsbeets by sting certain patameters Select Office Button Exes! Options, and a window appears with ane tabs listed in a column on the left (sce Figure 33)OURES3 Trees pene ao "Except where noted below, most of the choices provided on these tabs ca safely be left at tht default valves Popular Tab Scoot an appropriate font and font size Formulas Tab In most wes, its preferable to have the spreadsheet calelate ll formula cols each time a change is mado to any cell. Tht updating occurs if hutomat te Calculation selected under Caleutetion options. On octsion, itisurefulotrn this feature off To do so, check anual Caletation. When the ‘manual calculation option is chosen he spreadsheet ean be realelated at anytime by pressing F9, but lt wl not recacalate automatically when a cll changed. The fchsage “Calculate wll appear in the Message area when a cel hasbeen changed but the spreadsheet has not been recalculated ‘When a spreadset contains simaltaneous relationships, calculations cannot tbe made in the usual manner, This situation typically generates an error message Warning of @cireuler reference, This eror message is useful because circular {eferences usally occur when there isa mistake inthe logic. However, there are ‘reunstances where a Editing» FillpSeras command wil enter vat: ious kinds of series (ce Figure 37). ‘The same effect can be accomplished by entering the ist two cell entries, highlighting them, and copying tothe rest of the Tange using the Fill handle. Excel can usally gues the pattern60 curren anscexce sms correctly. Forexample, enter 1 and2in one column, Highlight the two cells. illdown | tothe nexteight cells using the Flhsndle, andthe remainder of heseries 3 45,6,7, 55,10) will appear, To ener the numbers between 10 and 30 insteps of 5, enter 10 nd 18 in adjcont ells and fll down unt 30s reached. 3.9 _EDITING CELLS cuneate ‘Thore are several ways Io edi the information in cells. Here are the most well alternatives Formula Bar The simplest way to eit sto cick onthe Formula ba. A vertical ‘cursor wll appear inthe Formula bar, and information can be entered oF modified {ing all he normal Windows typing options. I the elected cel not empry, its ‘ontens will appear i the Formula bat- Clicking onthe text there will make the editing cursor appear. Double-Cck A handy sternative approach ito double-lick ona cell, or equiva- Jems, toprestheF2 ey. Thisallons editing nthe celitslf the selectedcell snot tempéy, any celle refereed to in the formula willbe highlighted in eolor, a useful ‘Sehugping dovice Se Figure 3, where we have double-licked on cll EJ9and the {ovrmla in the cele displayed. The four cell references used to calculate the result incall E19 (CA, CS, Co, and C0) ae highlighted in color, and «border wih the ‘matching colors drawn around exch of thse cal Finally, te function used inthe oemula (SPMT)isdsplayed below the cel long wits arguments Ifwe click on ‘the function name, the Help page for that function wll spear. "We can modi the cellcantentshy inserting the vertical cursor whee itis needed and ypingdirety int the cell orb) moving the vertical cursor to the Formula ar and ‘yping there. Alternatively, we can alter any cl reference in a formula by dragging the ihlphtedoutine to anaerleatio, This option provides visual device fren, ‘whi is convenient when the forma is based on ssnetve reference pattems, Insert Function An alternative fr eciting a formula Taser Function (the icon torthelet of the Forma ber) 1 we lick on this icon when the curser son cell that ‘des not contain afuncion, it wilbringup the Inset Punetin window, wih stall valle freon. Ifa specie funtion is then selected, it wil be entered into theoromurms 61 formula, and its own window wil appear, which faciates entering the igpus ‘reper Ime cick onthe fy con when the eursor is ona cel that already contains “function, twill ring up the corresponding funtion window allowing the definition ‘ofthe function oe vried or the arguments ofthe funtion tobe revised. (More information on fenctions can he found in Section 312) Alwaine and Relative Cell References A relative reference 1 cell C3 s simply "CA" whores an absolute reference i $CSB. These types of references are useful primarily to make copying of comple formulas easy and reliable Rather than ping {ithe appropriate dal sigs, it canbe eascr to enter all addresses in relative form (ith colar si) highlight one ure wesc wl sea ess Psepeately nil the desired combination of abeote and relative references appears (More ‘formation o8 formulas ean be found in Section 3.1.) 3.10_ FORMATTING ‘We an change individual column widths and row heights by moving the vera or horizontal lines between te colume and ow labels, Width or heights common to rutile columns or rows ean be set using the Homes Celis FormathCel Siop>Row HeightColumn With commands after highlighting the appropriate rows or columns, Alleratvely, change one column width or one row height after highlighting he appropriate columns or rows, ‘Any rings of ols can be lormattedby highlighting the range and then selecting Home) Cells Format Format Ces (or by selecting Home Fontes), This ‘opens a window with the following sx abs ex Figure 39) Namber Choose a type of formatting—for example, Curreney or Date—and poly parameters sch asthe number of decimal paces splayed Alignment Align ext horizontally and vertically, and choose wrap Text oft text label into eel62 cures mecoce ons Font Specify font, sz, color, and superscript or subserpt forthe cll content ordee Set various borders around x range of cells J Set a background pattern ora color shade fr the ell (but nits contents). Protection Lock or hie cells fr safety. Many ofthese options arc alo available on the Home ribbon. The mest frequently used ions oa this ribbon ar Increase Decimal and Dectease Decal, whichange the numberof decimals cspayedin elected ces by one deci place each time they ace eickes, 3.11_ BASIC FORMULAS Formulas in Exel provide the base mechanism for entering the relationships in ‘model. In modeling terms, every cllina spreadsheet that involves formula sites fn outptof the model orn intermediate calealation needed to calulate am out ‘With very ew exceptions, well-writen formulas contain no number, oa ex references. Altiough itis ofan permisible 1 use numbers that never change ina formal like the waive 24 forthe numberof hours ins day itis dangerous to embed parameters that may change in formulas. (In Chapter $ we wll se that isolating ‘rameters i fata of well-bul spreadshoes) Because formulas are bult up from the values in other cels,the are writen in ermsofreferencesto he contents of tho ells ‘Excl Uses the following symbols forthe bas arithmetic operations + Addition * + Subiraet - + Mutipteation + Division ' + Raise to a power ® "Excl formulas start withthe equal sign (=) andar evaluated rom eft orig However, arithmetic operations will be card out in a specified order unless parentheses are wsod to control the calcsation order The basi arithmetic operations Ie calculated i the following oder + Negation (as in 1) + Exponentiaton (°) + Mubiplieation and division ("and 1) + Addition and subraction (+ and ~) 1f 4 formul involves both maitipication and division (oe both adltion and subvraction), the lttmest ofthese operations s performed fst Here are some examples that show how the calculation order and the usa of prentheses can determing the outcome of «eleulation. + 243/10~23 + @+3/10=05 + +3102 + @+3)/(10°2) =00s +243/1082=203{is generally good practice to use parentheses to make the meaning of «| ‘calculation let and to ensite that is ealeulted correctly. ‘When aformulaistobe entered into just one cel the referencestoitsinpatscan simply specify colar and row, a for example, (D2+D3)/DS. The eel ference D2 ieanexamplecot areativereerenc. the formal above wasenteredin cell then the referene to cell D2 would be intxprted by Exce as refering to the cell one foluma tothe let and one row above the current cell. Thats the cell reference is terete relative to the carren ell. Likewise, from eel 3, a reference to J14 is Interpreted as a reference fo the cell columns 0 the right and 11 rows down. ‘Many spreadsheets ate bull by copying formulas from one cell to a range of cus, Por example row sin the Oe Dulldngspreasee (Net Operadnncme) quires subtracting Operating Income from Gross Income each year. Ths the formula entered into ceil C18 (Cl6-C17) isthe same formula that we need in the following years, oll DIS:GIB, We ean il these our cells ficiently by entering the formula once in cell C18 and then copying i othe other els Beeause Excel interprets the cell adresses C16 and C17 relative tothe current cel, when We copy the formal, contines to apply correctly. However this same procedure wil not wor for row 7, in which we calculate ‘Operating Expense. The Operating Expense for Year Ls the size of he building in square fet (C3) mes th cost per square foot (C7). Thus we could calculate the ‘correct vale in C17 wing the formula CS°C7. Bul the Operating Expense inthe next, Yeat, Year, is potealculated in the same way. The sizeof the buildings xed forall time in C3, but the cost per square fot growseach year as given in cell D.GT.Sothe correct formula in eal DIT is C5°D7. In ther words, one ofthe addresses inthe ‘original frmla (C5) needs o remsi xed, we th other (C7) needs ta shit rom Yearfo year. Clearly, we needa way towriteacell addres so that Excel wil interpret ‘tot ina relative fashion but as fixed. Tas is done using dollar signs bore the ‘olumaleter and row number as in $CSS. The first dolar sign ftes the column ‘during copying; the second dol sign fixes the row So, if we wite the orginal formula in cel C17 ax SCS5°CT, which does nt change the value C17, we ca th ‘copy taro the row corres. The reference to the sizeof the uling in C3 wll emu fixed, andthe reference tothe cost wil change as needed. Addresses Fred columns or rows are known as absolute addresses. Examine al the formula in the Office Bulding spreadsheet 0 see how felative and absolute addresses are used tormake copying ens 3.12 _BASIC FUNCTIONS [Excl provides hundreds of built-in functions for calculating almost anything. No ‘matterhow complex or unusual he calculation we have in mind Excel almost always fas funtion (or perhaps several functions) that can accomplish the task, Using [Excl funtion presents lee challenges: + aentiying the appropriate t + Usiag the funtion correctly + Testing atthe reals match what was intended. won or feneions ‘An efficient way to leate useful fstions is to open the Insert Function window by clicking, bextt the formula bar (The Insert Funetion window can also bbe accessed from the Formulas ribbon.) Figure 3.10 shows the Insert Function ‘window with the category Financial selected. The drop-down menu displays a Ist ‘of function categories, The major eategries are as follows: + Most Recently Used sailFuREam ‘melsrar aa a + Financial, + Date & Time Math & Trig + Statistical + Lookup & Reference + Database «Text + Logical 4 Information ‘Tofind function, fstidemiy the category itislikely tofallinto, and thensean the alphabetical lito functions inthis category, Each timation is bighlighted the Insert Funetion window displays brie description ofthe function and is inputs. For example, in Figure 3.11 we have highlighted the facial function TSMPT. The window bp inputs te pr, perp) and ves a shot desriton Filenameton hurr ina fr bpeisaT Reson ‘oune21 Thekwer eion uma amsisernerens 65 this point lion oX andthe Function Arguments window opens (Figure. 12). ‘This window display a eference box foreach ofthe arguments of the function (four inthscase), Wecaneither enter numbersdirecyin these boxes (beter enter cell adroses (click on the icon atthe right ond of he box and identity the inputs by selecting them in the spreadsheet). The Function Arguments window show the ‘merical value ofeach input ait s entered and when enough inputs ae entered, the window shows the value of the fanctia, This allows us to see we ae getting lausileresltsbeforeentering the funetoninthe spreadsheet. (Helponthisspecie function is also available dred from the Tink at the bottom of ths window) Figure 3.13 shows the Function Arguments window with all four inputsentered and the rest caleulated (122,00). Click on OX andthe function wl e entered nthe cell we are editing. ‘Business analysts make heavy use of just a few ofthe hundred of fonctions in Excel Weill desrbe six ofthe mostmmporant ofthese unetions ere, Other se functions are described in Chapter 4 "The SUN functions used to adda set of numbers. Its arguments can simply bea list of cell references For example, SUMCCL, C3, C5) ade the contents of the three cells listed, where the cell references afe scoff by commas, iteratively, SUNCCI:CS) adds the contents of the cells in the range CLICS. The SUM funtion ‘an ato be ured toad list of noncontiguous ranges, for example, SUMCCL=C3 bebe, £3287). “The MAX and MIM functions are used to find the largest and smallest values ina range. Thus NAKCL, 3, ) yields S.andWIN¢Ci+C8)caleulatesthesmalles valve in the range C1:CS, “The AVERAGE function alclatesthe average ofthe valesinaange. The range ‘an be in a column, in a tow, or in an army (a rectangular range extending overmultiple columns andlor rows) f we ae averayig a column of data that contsins ‘psyco docs the AVERAGE fuaction incl those eels in the exlcultion? Chick fon Help inthe Function Arguments window and note thatthe AVERAGE function |gnorescalls containing tex, loge values (Truc or Fase), and empty els, but does ‘clade cells containing the value 20 “The NPV function calculates the net present valve of astrcam of payments a sven discount rate, We illustrate the use of the NB funtion inthe Office Building Spreadsheet. nts example, we make a dven payment of $2,160,000 at the present time. the sar of Year (cell 22), Then we rceivecashinowsat the end ofthe next five ears (ells C254G2S), To eluate the net present value of tis set of payments (celiB27), we discount the cash nflows tthe present, using he discount rae pivenin ‘oll 12, and surat the down payment (Since it oocurs tthe presen time its not discounted), The formula is Neviciz.c2siGes)-c22 “The Function Arguments window (Figure 3.14) shows the cll adresses ofthe arguments of the NPV function as well their numeral values. It also shows the resulting value of te NPV callin ($13,482,05203), a5 wll asthe value ofthe entre formula ($114720%2) I isimportant to remember that the NP function discount the fist payment in a stream of payments, Ths inthe Ofce Buiksing example, we discounted the cash inflow in Yeu becatwe according tothe modo, itcomesin at the end ofthe year and the date ofthe evaluation the Begining ofthe year Instead the first cash inflow fccurred a the Beginning of the Yea, at the same time asthe down payment, we ‘would discount withthe NPV function staring with Veat2andaddthe unscounted ‘ash iow from Year 1 "The T? function is used to perform a fogial test and calculate one valve ifthe tests true and another iit is fae, The sya forthe TF function Tr(logical test, value-if-true, value-¢-folse) ‘The Gist argument, the logical test, isan expression that Excel can evaluate 28 ‘TRUE or FALSE. For example, the expression 100>0 evaluates as TRUE, while 119) > 200 evaluates s FALSE. (For practice, go to the OtficeBulding spreadsheet tnd ener the formula ~ C4> 0 in an empty coll. The result shouldbe TRUE, The formula ~ £16 > 5,000,000 should be FALSE.) the logical est in an TP ststement is TRUE, the second argument (vali ‘aus iscelelatodand placed ithe ell the logical ests FALSE, the hid mgument (Gale fle) s calelated and placed i the eal. For example, UF (100>0, 25,50) valtes 525, and 18 (1000, 2, 0 evaluatesas 0 Each ofthe thee argumentsseounmne 67 an F function canbe as complex as needed slog as Excel can evaluate the logical textas TRUE or FALSE. So wecould waite the following unciontochoeseone a Wo column sums, depending on the relative values of two other cells: {1(036>676, SuM(AL:A100),SuM(HL :3100)) ‘This example illustrates the nesting of fonction. Nesting involves using one {unetion within nother Sointhe example above, wehavenestedtwo SUM functions within an TF function, Exc! imposes ao practical limit on the number of funstions that can be nested. However, nesod functions can become complex apd dificult to ‘dcbup. tis good practice to calculate the components af «complex nested function Sepately Wo emu Ua the hgh enact befne Laing Ue ogee. And ‘emember tha ature ters ofthe model will appreciate documeatation of formulas like the following oe, whose meaning isnot transparent {Tb845 187, ORFSENGL18, MAXIIS7: 5129) 186, —145) 3.13 CHARTING ‘Ching ian estental sil forthe busines analyst, cause model results canoe best be understood in graphial terms. Excel peovides tools that automate much af the detailed work involved in developing a chart. Chars ae created by selecting the Insert tah ad the Charts grup. "The fist step in creating a chart isto highlight the relevant data on the spreadsheet, Then selet Insert» Charts. Next select the type of chart (Column, Tine, Pio, Bar, Atca, Scatter, oF Other Charts). window then opens showing 3 ‘ey of ways to depict tht iype ofchart Slee one of these and Excel wil plot the ata in that format [Note tht when Excel dspays a chart, it adds three Char Tool abs to the sikvoa (Design, Layout, and Format) These tabs also appear whenever an existing ‘har is selected, The Desia tab includes the following groups + Type + Dat + Chae Layous + Chart Styles + Location ‘The Type groupallowsa change inthe chart type orsaves the current chart aa template. The Data group allows data rows and coun to be swapped or the dt range fo be modified. Chart Layouts includes variety of ert layouts for is, tc, and s0 on, Chart Sips fers a variety of cloes snd shades. Finally, the Location group helps move the ehart tou desired lection, ‘Weilastrate two typesol frequently use chat: line charts and sate chars “The data involve advertising and sls over the past LI yeas, as given in the table Aline chart allows sto see how Advertsing ad Sales have changed over the past 1 year, while scatter chart allows ws 10 see whether Advertising and Sales are related to etch other. ver aeroing ‘ote 16 =200 a I 208 a =” ‘Tocreates line chart for Advertsing and Sales overtime, highlight all he data {nthe sreadshcet including the column headings) and select Insert Chart. Choose the Line chat type and the 2D-Line subtype thar shows esch data point (Line et aekers),as shown in Figure 315, Ths charts problematic ects the yeas have ‘en plotted asa data serie rather than the X-axis valucs. To correct this, and 10 ceasare that Years are onthe horizontal sis, elect Design Data Select Data, Under Legend Ent=se (Seren) highlight Year and elick on Remove. Abo, under Hiorzontal (Category) axieLabels click on Edit andentrtherange for years: CS:CI5, Clik on OK and the char wil appear asin Figure 3.16. Clearly, Sales Ive increased stencily over thi periog A clos look revels thal the same rue for ‘Advertsing. ‘Wecan continue to refine this chart, using the options under Chart Layouts nd ‘Chart Sys, Our final vorsion shown in Figure 3.17, has an overall tle, a Y-axis label, anda key showing the exact vals for each data point. THsijstone ofthe LL predefined options under Chat Layouts Sie cunt s36 eningChanteseterg nd ‘Advertising and Sales 1995-2005 (er chetlrAarerterg an Sales. fie -'eandd ‘To create a seater chart, highlight just the Advertsing and Sales data and select Insert ChaethScalte> Seater with only Markers The ret shown in Figure 3.18, This grap is correc, but it docs not display the data inthe clearest, {ashion eeause the ax seals ate inappropriate, We change the horizontal axis scale by right-clicking in the Chart Area, selecting Format Chart Axis and setting the ‘minimum value under Axs Options to 50. Repeat this proces forthe vertical axis, Setting the minimurn to 500 andthe maximum to 1,00, The improved charsshown in Figure 3.18,70 cures sascoce sis 14 _ PRINTING. ‘This chart conveys a diferent message ftom tho line chart. Hlere, we see ‘that higher levels of Advertsing seem to Be associated with higher levels of Sales, which perhaps suggests that Advertsing i effective in increasing Sales. But the felationship may be influenced by other factors, since the scatter pot is nota Steph in, Pring in Excel similar to printingin any Ofc aplication, witha few exceptions swe diate here "is, many spreadsheets contain foo much information to print on a single ‘age. Depending on the column width and row height, Excel will select a range of lls to prot on each page. Open the Oce Building spreadsheet and select Office Button Printh Print Preview. Excel displays she spreadsheet a it wll look when printed. Click on Clone rit Preview andnote that Excel as divided the spreadsheet Into pages wth heavy dotted ince The fist page extends from Alto ES2, the second page from ASS to E104, ad soon. ‘We can select certain cells for printing by highlighting te relevant ange and selecsing Page Layout» Page SetupbePrint Area Set Print Area "We diapy the Page Setup window by selecting Page Layout Page Setup, Figure 320 shows the Page Setop window which allows ustocontrot other aspects of the printed pag. For example, on the Page ab we can change the orientation ofthe printed spreadsheet from Portat to Landscape We ean also change the cling on {hs tab, A particulary useful option here is the baton that fis a worksheet fo & ‘pec number of pages Quite often the numberof pagosis set to 1 fra sealed “Srapaot ofthe cate worksheet. On the Marne tb, we ea alter the top, baton, icfeandriht margins and te location ofthe eontetsoa the page-Usingthe Header Footer tab, we can enter toxt that wil appear on every priated page, suchas a page number or the name ofthe author ofthe Workbook. Moreover, on the Sheet tab we ‘Sancontrol whether gidiinesandrow andeoiumn headings wllappea on the printed spreadsheet, cums 320 TePone Seminsweimnuny 71 ep Wao 3.15 _HELP OPTIONS A great deal of useful information is available in Excel Help, which is opened by either pressing For elicking on the question mark con i he upper right corr of the spreadsheet (Figure 321) Exel alo offers acceso targuted Hlp topes ina variety of peciicsituations. For example, some dialog boxes show a question mark at the rghthand end ofthe tle Bar. Click on the question mark and Excel opens the Help window forthe ‘operation controled hy the window In ther windows thereisa paca ink to Help. For example the Insert Function window has alisk to Help on this function, which ‘opens the Help window forthe function highlighted. 3.16 SUMMARY Feel ooh a highly vermis aad a Bighy complex» Navigation ‘computer application. Ne nly ean tbe wed for routine Seeting cells Caleulton, ut ican alo be wed for complex decsion 7 Pont a ‘Support asks Each wer must detenie how may of the ie ‘ousnds of Excel features ee needed on tej. Tas * Aig els chperprseatsthe base Eeeskileveryusinesamasst + Forming “This caper covers these bse eatures of xc Bis format +The Excel window + Charing + Configuring Best + ing + Manipulating windows ad sheets + Help72 querens essence ons SUGGESTED READINGS Books 1 ect K. 27. Mona Oe Sie 207, he Ls he [Ber inet Lear Now Yo eta Wey ab So 4 Reding, Es and L. Warmers 207. Mert Oe Bret. [oT isin arta. Camtidge, MAC Conse Ts “Thiam mentary rook, Chops A ho Earn {Ut Thermainngchapregetraesdandeanb nites by aetegone 1 Reig and L, Wermirt 297 Mia Be 207 ‘ed Cp: Came, MA Ce Tec ‘hihckcensi le revise dion haga ‘hn ene mata ‘Compact Disk Tn 1. Ho 202! uae ie Ming or ahi sisg Pate rv CA Dae Pr io et Ea oi i i hie ‘ovine ee stemedtop aig Se aps ‘pest a pe COntine Programs ‘Online couresin Excl 2007 te vila rom the fo + Eementk: wrlemeatk.com + CutomGuide: wm cstornguiecom 1 hfcrwot Oe One: plier com 1 RemoteCouse: p/w zemotecoursecom